动词用法及中式英文问题

I．动词搭配问题：动词与介词和动词与副词的搭配稍微复杂一些，因为不仅有着动词与介词的固定搭配问题和动词与副词的固定搭配问题，另外有时还有对两种搭配进行区分的问题。

如果确定为动词与介词的搭配，那么这种短语就是宾语不可插入型，即宾语只能位于介词之后，如： agree to sth 同意某事agree with sb 与某人意见一致apply for sth 申请某事belong to sb 属于某人call on sb 拜访某人call at sb's home 拜访（某人的家）depend on sth 依靠某事rely on sb 依赖某人result in sth 导致某事result from sth 由某事引起wait for sb 等候某人look at sb 看着某人listen to sb 听某人讲话lead to sth 导致某事如果确定动词短语为动词与副词的搭配，那么这种短语一般都是宾语可插入型，即宾语可以位于短语中间，尤其是当宾语为代词时，如：bring it in 将它带进来pick it up 把它拾起来point it out 将其指出throw it away 将它扔掉put it on 穿上它cut it down 将其削减try it on 试穿它drive it out 将它赶出去call it off 把它取消put it off 把它推迟look it up 查找它give it up 放弃它make it up 编造它keep it out 不让它进来carry it out 实现它think it over （把它）再想一遍宾语可插入型短语动词还有：bring down 击落build up 树立burn up 烧光carry out 贯彻carry on 继续carry off 摘取carry away 吸引clear away 清除cut off 使隔离cut out 删掉cut short 缩短，打断do over 重做一遍fill in 填写fill out 填好give back 还回去get through 通过get down 传递get off 下车give out 释放give off 发出hand over 移交hand out 分派hand in 上交kill off 杀光leave out 省略look over 察看look through 看穿pick out 分辨，拣出pay back 偿还pay off 还清pull down 推翻pull off 赢得，实现pull up 阻止put off 推迟switch on 接通switch off 关掉use up 用尽send off 送行send out 发出see off 送行see through 看穿，使度过 set aside 留出set up 建起talk over 商讨try out 试验turn down 拒绝turn in 上缴turn off 关断turn up 查阅take off 取下take down 记下，拿下take up 占据wake up 唤醒wash off 洗掉有时，宾语不可插入型与宾语可插入型短语比较难以区分是因为象 about, across, behind, by, down, in, on, off, out, over, round, through, up 等词兼具介词与副词两种词性，因此区分这些词的词性往往是确定短语为宾语可插入型和宾语不可插入型的关键，需要十分的小心。

II．语句结构错误问题1.动词句型错误。

动词是英文句子的眼睛。

英文语句的主要骨架是句型，因此要想搭好英文句子的架子就离不开动词。

动词牵动着整个英文语句的结构，稍不留意就会出现句型错误。

英文动词的变化形式非常多，每个动词都有自己的句型结构，不可随意类推套用。

比如，当表示“想要/希望去做某事”这样的意思时，可以有很多动词可供选择，如:want to dohope to dowish to dodesire to doexpect to dolong to dointend to dobe going to do但如要用动词 incline，要说be inclined to do。

例外，还可以使用这样的句型：hope that (will)wish that （常接虚拟）expect that但却没有 want that 这样的句型。

如要表达“想要/希望某人去做某事”时，可以利用这样的句型：want sb to do sthwish sb to do sthdesire sb to do sthexpect sb to do sth但决不可以说 hope sb to do sth 这样的句型。

可见动词句型是个很容易出现错误的语句结构。

一般说来，英文中主要的动词句型有以下几种情况：一是有些动词只接不定式不接动名词作其宾语(即 V to do)，如：arrange affordagree adviseapply(请求) askattempt bothercare chooseclaim consentdecline decidedesire endeavorexpect failfear hopeintend longlearn mean(意愿)need offerprofess proceedpromise preparerefuse seekstrive struggleswear tellteach wishprefer pretendthreaten ventureresolve volunteerwant help(其后的 to 常被省略)二是有些动词只接动名词不接不定式作其宾语（即 V doing），如: abandon admitanticipate acknowledgeadvocate appreciateavoid completecontemplate considerdrop deferdelay denydetest disclaimdislike entailevade endureencourage escapeenjoy excuseenvy facefancy favorforbid forgivegrudge finishimagine includeinvolve justifykeep mentionmind missnecessitate pardonpractice postponequit permitrecommend resistresent renouncerelish riskunderstand urge三是有些动词短语也只接动名词不接不定式作其宾语，如：be accustomed to be better offbe objected to be opposed tobe interested in be busybe used to be with a view tocannot help get throughgive up go oninsist on keep onlook forward to object toput off succeed in,四是有些动词或短语后接动名词时要使用主动形式却表示被动的含义，如：be worth deserveneed requirewant五是有些动词后接不定式或动名词意思不同，如：1.forget to do （忘记去做）forget doing (忘记做过)2.mean to do (打算)mean doing （意思是）3.regret to do (很遗憾去做)regret doing (很遗憾做过)4.remember to do (记住去做)remember doing (记得做过)5.try to do (设法)try doing (试着)六是有些动词的宾语后要求不定式（带 to ）做补语（即 V sb to do sth），如： advise allowask begbeseech causecaution challengecommand compelcondemn convincedare defydirect empowerenable encourageentitle entreatexpect forbidforce orderget hateincite induceinstruct invitelike motivatepersuade pressprovoke remindrequest teachtell tempturge wishwant warnhelp(不定式的 to 常省略)七是有些动词的宾语后要求不定式（不带 to）做补语（即 V sb do sth），如：make lethave feelhear seewatch perceivenotice knowobserve beholdbid(注：这类动词为使动词和感官动词。

其中的感官动词后接无 to 不定式强调动作整体，如后接分词强调动词片断)八是有些动词可以有双宾语（即 V sb sth）,也可以有单宾语（即 V sth to sb），如：allow assignaward bringcause deliverdo(do sb good or harm; do good or harm to sb)feed givegrant handlend offerowe passpay promiseread recommendreturn sellsend serveshow taketeach tellthrow wishwrite九是有些动词可以有双宾语（即 V sb sth），也可以有单宾语（即 V sth for sb），如:bake boilbook buildchange(兑换) buycash cookcut fetchdo(do sb a favor; do a favor for sb)find frygather getmake mixorder paintplay postreserve poursave singspare weave十是 ask 一词可以有双宾语（即 V sb sth），也可以有单宾语（即 V sth of sb），即：ask sb a question;ask a question of sb十一是有的动词可以有双宾语（即 V sb that-clause），也可以有单宾语（即 V sth of sb）：convince informsatisfy warn十二是有的动词可以有双宾语（即 V sb sth），但却不可以有单宾语，如：answer forgiveenvy strike十三是有些动词常被错用句型，它们是不可有双宾语的，不可依据以上动词句型去类推，要使用它们自己的句型：compare (sth with or to sth)congratulate (sb on sth)declare (war on sb)explain (sth to sb)introduce (...to or into)mention (V to sb that-clause)say (sth to sb), suggest (V that-clause)十四是英语的连系动词后面要接形容词而不是副词，主要的连系动词有：become (energetic) get (warm)turn (red) fall (ill)drop (asleep) go (bad)come (true) run (wild)remain (loyal) continue (fine)stay (cloudy) keep (calm)rest (idle) stand (high)appear (uneasy) feel (hard)look (pale) sound (good)taste (delicious) smell (terrible)seem (possible)III．中式英文问题中式英文是指借用英文的词语却没有摆脱汉语式的表达习惯的不规范的英语，是指汉语式的逻辑形式、汉语式的语句结构、汉语式的词语搭配及汉语式的修辞比喻，即 Chinese English 或 Chinglish 或 pidgin。