高考英语备考方略
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英语备考方略
(适用于各种大型英语考试)
第一轮复习,以课本(教材)为线索分册复习,通过篇章阅读学习词汇。
第一轮复习是对基础知识和基本技能的训练。在这一轮复习中,本着“依纲靠本”和“温故知新”的原则,按照教材顺序一步一个脚印,像“过筛子”一样将教材细细过一遍。很多考生会在这个阶段买一本词汇书一味地去死记硬背艰深的生词。我从来不反对记单词,因为词汇是语言体系中结构和意义的统一体,是语言的主要的基本单位。没有建筑材料就不能盖房子,同样,没有词汇的交际也是不可想象的。关键在于怎样记单词?以课本为线索分册复习,通过篇章阅读来学习词汇不失为一种明智之举。大量阅读可以迅速形成整体意念,并在单词的使用环境做出定格和校正。以英语课文为基本学习单位的五步学习法:
第一步:在事先不查生词的情况下,浏览全文,理解全文大意。实践表明,一篇课文4%~5%的生词并不影响你对全文主旨大意的理解。
第二步:不去翻看单词表,通读全文,遇到生词时再查单词表。按照这种方法疏通全文,你会有豁然开朗的感觉。
第三步:反复研读全文,分析文章的思想表达、结构组织、句式表达和词汇表达。
第四步:听同步录音,尝试听写课文。
第五步:朗读并力争背诵全文。这一步可放在次日早晨进行。
通过以上几个步骤的学习,一篇英语课文的生词自然就记住了,而且培养了语感,掌握了语法,可谓一举三得。更重要的是,你可以彻底摆脱死记硬背单词对你的非人折磨!顺便说说为什么要背课文?借鉴一下学习母语的经验。学习母语时是什么情景?周围的人或文章电视广播在不断地重复某些词语或句子。好奇或表达思想的需求使您不断地重复它们,于是,您学会了它。
学习外语就完全不同了。很多自学者根本得不到教师的指导,传授关于单词、语法、读音等知识;而有人指导的学习者绝大多数也缺乏语言环境,学习了知识 2 / 8
后也缺乏应用或者练习的机会。不应用不练习就记不住,记不住就看不懂听不懂说不出。
俗语云:皮之不存,毛将焉附?学习语言时,皮是什么,毛是什么?实际上,皮就是语言环境,毛就是语言知识,即读音、语法等。很多人追求毛而忽视皮,其知识体系建立在沙滩上,岁月的风沙一吹,即轰然倒塌,而更多的人根本看不到知识成型的希望,只是在沙滩上留下几个浅浅的脚印。
没有实际的语言环境怎么办?建造虚拟的。在头脑中想象故事,用英语描述它。这个故事就是一个皮,而描述时的语音、语法等就是毛。皮毛相连,正如同生活环境和语言相连,这样知识才有生命力。描述的故事多了,语音语法等知识问题就解决了。
这种在头脑中想象故事并用英语描述,实际上就是背课文。课文中蕴含大量的单词句子,读音语法。想想我们以上说的皮毛的关系问题,您应该明白这种思路是否正确。如果您的皮足够多,再来更多的毛也是容得下的,因为它们已经有适宜的生存环境。反之呢?
因此,如何在最短的时间内背诵大量的课文,是学好英语打好基础的关键。在背诵的过程中,才可能持久地将注意力和记忆力集中于有限而又确定的目标上。也许这些目标是您暂时不感兴趣的,就学好英语这个大目标来看,和您感兴趣的那些目标相比,哪个目标价值更大更有意义是不言自明的。
第二轮复习,以考试题型为线索进行专题训练,掌握各种题型的答题技巧。
第二轮复习是在第一轮复习的基础上进行系统整理消化,复习中根据考试题型设置专项训练,我们以现行的四级考试为例,来说明第二轮复习的方法。现行的大学英语四级有六大题型(写作、快速阅读、听力、篇章阅读、完形填空、翻译),我们可以分别训练,各个击破。下面以写作专题强化训练为例进行阐述。
写作专题强化训练
一)分值:15%
二)要求:30分钟内写一篇120词左右的短文
三)对策:研读并背诵各类经典范文,从以下几个层面汲取范文的养分:
1结构表达(开头…中间…结尾….) 3 / 8
2句法表达(简单句、并列句、各类从句)
3词汇表达(逻辑连接词和高级词汇的应用)
逻辑连接词(词组)
1)先后次序关系:at this time; first; second; at last; next;previously;
simultaneously; eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start with;to end with;finally;seeing.since then;first of all;afterwards; following this; preceding this.
2) 因果关系:because;because of this;being that;another important factor/reason of... ; since; as; for; in that. owing to; due to; for the reason that.
in view of; the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ;for this reason; as a
result of this; therefore;and so. consequently;as a result; thus; hence; so;so that. in consequence; as a consequence; accordingly; inevitably; under these
conditions; thereupon.
3) 转折关系:but;even so;however;though;even though;independent of;reckless of ;despite that; in spite of that; regardless of; yet.and yet; but unless.
4) 并列关系: and; also;too;as well as;either.or.both...and...
5) (补充)递进关系: furthermore;moreover;further;In this way ;still;
not only...but also. not...but. in addition (to);additionally, much more interesting,
more specifically, next, besides; as far as... is concerned; moreover;in other words;along this line of consideration;on the one hand.on the other hand. even; as a poplar
saying goes.in order to do it...; meanwhile; at the same time; accordingly; In the
first place.in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比较关系: similarly; in like manner, in comparison with;when compared
with;compared with;when in fact...; like. likewise; similarly important; apart from
(doing). ... rather than.by doing so ;both…and...; in the same way; not only...but
(also).
7) 对照(不同点):yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor;
although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around;yet;
conversely; unlike; opposed to; as opposed to ; in contrast (to); by way of;on the contrary;different from this;as opposed to this; nevertheless; contrary to;
whereas; while;but on the other hand. 4 / 8
8) 举例关系:for example; for instance; in this case; namely; as you know;
you may as/say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is...; consider. in
particular;including.for one thing.for another.put it simply;stated roughly; as an
illustration, I will say. a good example (of...)would be.to detail this,I would like to.
It is interesting to note that.in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example
(something); as for; as regards; as to; according to; on this occasion.
9) 强调关系:in fact; especially;particularly;moreover;naturally; what is more
important; in reality; certainly; of course; indeed; in particular;not to
mention.believe it or not;undeniably; other thing being equal;it is certain/sure
that.to be strict; to be true;by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in
truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not
only. but(also...), both... and...
10) 条件关系: if;unless; lest;provided that;if it is the case;in this sense;once.if possible;if necessary;if so;if not all; if anything.