英国史——精选推荐
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:291.12 KB
- 文档页数:6
英国史
A Concise History of Britain 目的:了解近现代英国人种起源、奴隶制向封建过度,国家统一与反征服的传统,探索古英
国人与基督教文明的关系。
重点:七国统治时期、阿尔弗烈德、基督教文明
难点:古英国文明与盎格鲁文明之间的关系
第二章 盎格鲁—萨克逊时期
一、军事入侵
黑暗时代The Dark Ages
From the time that the Romans more or less abandoned Britain, to the arrival of Augustine at Kent
to convert the Saxons, the period has been known as the Dark Ages. The Sub-Roman Kingdoms which emerged in Britain after the departure of the Roman
administration.(LEFT)
Arthurian Britain
After the Roman influence ceased, the activities of the British people: westward movement, intrigues & alliances, power struggles, explosion of missionary activities, plague, Saxon invasions.
By 4l0, Britain had become self-governing in three parts, the North (which already included
people of mixed British and Angle stock); the West (including Britons, Irish, and Angles); and the
South East (mainly Angles). 军事征服的过程 海盗-雇佣兵-拓殖者 287年盎格鲁-撒克逊海盗首次掠夺不列颠沿海地带
449年沃蒂根国王雇佣撒克逊人抵抗皮克特人和苏格兰人的侵扰
455年雇佣兵在肯特和英格兰东部建立了自己王国
Angles Saxons Jutes 军事征服的过程
盎格鲁撒克逊人的社会状况:英雄时代 英雄诗史《Beowulf》 500年前后,亚瑟王领导的抵抗
550年后盎格鲁-撒克逊人继续西进
650年,许多蛮族王国开始建立,重要的7个为:Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Kent, Essex,
Wessex, Sussex. 七国时代开始
二、基督教的传播 597年,教皇格列高利Pope Gregory 派密友St. Augustine(意大利裔传教士及高级教士)将
基督教义传至英国南部,他于598年被任命为坎特伯雷Canterbury地区第一任大主教Archbishop。
598年肯特国王埃塞伯特皈依基督教,建立坎特伯雷大教堂cathedral。
604年,Essex 的King Saebert布其叔叔的后尘皈依基督教。King Raedwald of East Anglia,
King Edwin of Northumbria也随后效仿。
爱尔兰传教士在英格兰的传教 5世纪初,圣帕特里克St. Patrick,修道院abbey,563年,科伦巴(St. Columba 521-597 Irish
missionary),在island of Iona建立修道院。7世纪初,曾是Bernicia王子的奥斯瓦尔德Oswald
避难于此。 633年,Oswald重新成为kingdom of Northumbria的国王,他邀请爱奥纳岛上修道院的基督徒Aidan到Lindisfarne岛(Holy Island)建立了第一个英境内的凯尔特人基督社团的修道院
(丹麦在793年毁灭了该基地)。
罗马基督教与凯尔特基督教的区别:一、罗马基督教中央集权观、私有制、教阶制度和主教
辖区制,而凯尔特基督教则为修道院制,隐居,无私有地,无主教教阶制度,权力观念模糊。
二、衣着打扮。三、节日界定。如复活节Easter。 King Penda,Oswiu( Oswald‟s half-brother), 664年Synod of Whitby,凯尔特与罗马基督教
日渐融合,盎格鲁萨克森政治实体和英格兰王国逐渐形成。 669年,Theodore西奥多,组织统一
三、七国时代与威塞克斯
七国争雄 7世纪,诺森伯利亚:埃德文、奥斯瓦尔德、奥斯维。 King of Britain
8世纪,麦西亚:埃塞尔巴德(716-757,Aethelbald )、奥发( 757-796 , Offa),亨柏河
Humber,奥发堤坝Offa„s Dyke,盎格鲁之王king of all the English。
8世纪末,维金人的入侵Vikings attack:丹麦人,挪威人,866年„The Great Heathen Army‟ of
the Vikings attack on the City of York。 四、社会文化与经济
君主王权的出现
基督教在军事首领向王的转变过程中起了重要作用。
王位长子继承制、实物税、司法管理权 “贤人会议”与内廷 地域性行政单位的形成
英格兰的习惯法:大众性
盎格鲁撒克逊时代的社会模式:军事贵族统治下的等级制
经济状况
农业为主的社会 牛耕,铁铧轻型犁向轮式重型犁转化,条田二圃制,庄园生产
商品经济发展,自治城市兴起、商人阶层形成,货币交换再度兴盛。
基督教的传播和异教徒的皈依推动了不列颠教育和艺术的发展。
学者及其著作 古英语与本土文学
五、盎格鲁撒克逊时代的结束 内部与外部的挑战
继承人年幼软弱
维金人再次大举入侵 Olaf Trygvesson,Sweyn
King Canute II 1028年卡努特帝国 Harold,Hardicanute ,Edward the Confessor
第三章 诺曼征服
与封建制度的发展
目的:理解与归纳英国封建制度特点,与东方封建比较,能分析国王与贵族、君主与教会、
司法权力与庄园制度等特点,了解自由的起源。 重点:诺曼统治与封建制度的发展,
难点:英国封建制度的特征,自由的起源。
一、诺曼征服与诺曼王朝
The Norman Conquest and House of Normandy 1、征服活动The Norman Conquest
William I, the Conqueror
1066: William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England 诺曼征服的有利条件 Battle of Stamford Bridge斯坦福桥战役
Tostig and Hardraada of Norway invade England Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役
威廉加冕William was crowned King of England at Westminster on Christmas Day, 1066.
一、诺曼征服
黑斯廷斯战役图 2、诺曼统治与封建制度的确立
Feudalism:政治上封臣制,经济上庄园制
骑士封土制(homager采邑封臣)
索尔兹伯里盟誓the Oath of Salisbury
末日审判书 Domesday Book 威廉后的内战Conflicts between King and Vassals (William II, Rufus, Henry I, Matilda, Stephen,
Henry of Anjou, son of Matilda)
Feudalism: as a political institution and manorialism as the socio-economic system that supported
emerged from the wreckage of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th and 10th centuries. Feudalism
necessary due to decline of a powerful centralized government in the years after 814; political, military, judicial, and other functions of government exercised at the local level; feudalism was a
political arrangement that provided for the performance of these functions of government by a
class of landed nobles. Nobles bound by an interdependent system of personal ties; the heart was
the feudal contract, which established relations between lord and vassal, the most important of
which were protection and service. The noble class developed a value system (later called chivalry); knights were to be Christian, brave, faithful, generous, and protective of women and the
poor; evidence of this code may be found the French epic The Song of Roland
Begun in 1080, the unique "Domesday Book", was an attempt to provide the king with every
penny to which he was legally entitled. To determine how the country was occupied and with what
sort of people, William sent his men into every shire and had them find out how many hundred hides there were in the shire, what land and cattle the king should have in the country, and what
dues he ought to have in twelve months from the shire. William was also determined to find out