为发展中国家的公共交通用户节省时间(IJEME-V6-N6-3)

EVs to increase in public transport公共领域车辆全面电动化先行区试点启动China aims to increase the share of electric vehicles in the public transport system to 80 percent in key areas, including bus and taxi services, by 2025, as the country accelerates its efforts to promote green transformation amid booming new energy vehicle development.According to a pilot plan from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and seven other ministries, China will speed up the full electrification of vehicles used in public transportation between 2023 and 2025, and the building of a charging and swapping infrastructure system that is "moderately advanced, well-balanced, intelligent and efficient".随着中国在蓬勃兴起的新能源汽车发展中加快促进绿色转型，到2025年，中国在公交车和出租车服务等公共交通系统的关键领域，新能源汽车比例将力争达到80%。

根据工业和信息化部等七部门的试点方案，2023年至2025年，中国将加快实现公共交通车辆全面电动化，建成“适度超前、布局均衡、智能高效”的充换电基础设施体系。

中考英语交通工具改进单选题50题1. We need to find a better way to ______ public transportation.A. improveB. increaseC. developD. grow答案：A。

本题考查动词的词义辨析。

“improve”有“改进、改善”的意思，“improve public transportation”表示“改进公共交通”，符合题意。

“increase”侧重于数量的增加，“develop”更多指的是发展、开发，“grow”通常表示生长、增长，用在公共交通方面不太恰当。

2. The new technology can ______ the speed of trains.A. raiseB. riseC. liftD. increase答案：D。

“increase”可以表示速度、数量等的增加，“increase the speed”即“提高速度”，符合语境。

“raise”是及物动词，通常指人为地把某物抬高；“rise”是不及物动词，主语自身升高；“lift”主要指用体力或机械力举起某物。

3. They are trying to ______ more comfortable seats on the buses.A. putB. placeD. set答案：C。

“install”有“安装、设置”的意思，“install more comfortable seats”表示“安装更舒适的座位”，较为准确。

“put”和“place”强调放置的动作；“set”常用于“set up”表示建立、设立。

4. To reduce pollution, we should ______ electric cars.A. promoteB. advanceC. forwardD. push答案：A。

“promote”有“促进、推动”的意思，“promote electric cars”表示“推广电动汽车”，符合语境。

注册土木工程师（道路工程）考试：2022专业案例真题模拟及答案(4)1、某二级公路两车道单洞隧道长800m，隧道里程桩号是K10＋000～K10＋800，其中，K10＋000～K10＋200为Ⅳ级围岩，K10＋200～K10＋700为Ⅲ级围岩，K10＋700～K10＋800为Ⅳ级围岩。

隧道按复合式衬砌设计，初期支护和二次衬砌厚度等支护参数符合《公路隧道设计规范》（JTG 3370.1—2018）的要求，并在K10＋000～K10＋010和K10＋790～K10＋800设置了Ⅳ级围岩加强段衬砌。

则剩余地段正确的衬砌布置桩号为下列哪个选项？（）（单选题）A. K10＋010～K10＋210和K10＋690～K10＋790为Ⅳ级围岩衬砌；K10＋210～K10＋690为Ⅲ级围岩衬砌B. K10＋010～K10＋200和K10＋700～K10＋790为Ⅳ级围岩衬砌；K10＋200～K10＋700为Ⅲ级围岩衬砌C. K10＋010～K10＋200和K10＋200～K10＋710为Ⅳ级围岩衬砌：K10＋200～K10＋700为Ⅲ级围岩衬砌D. K10＋010～K10＋190和K10＋710～K10＋790为Ⅳ级围岩衬砌；K10＋190～K10＋710为Ⅲ级围岩衬砌试题答案：A2、某四级公路，设计速度为20km/h，路面宽度6m，路肩宽度0.25m，停车视距为20m，JD27转角为35°42′，曲线半径R＝100m，l s＝0，圆曲线长L为62.31m，其最大横净距是下列哪个选项？（）（单选题）A. 1.29mB. 2.02mC. 3.66mD. 4.62m试题答案：B3、某简支T形梁桥的计算跨径为l＝29.12m，跨度内从支点到第一根横隔梁之间的距离为α＝4.96m，冲击系数μ＝0.276。

跨中荷载横向分布系数m cq＝0.635，支点荷载横向分布系数m oq＝0.409，车道荷载标准值q k＝10.5kN/m，P k＝1.2×318.24kN。

中考英语交通工具改进单选题50题1. We need to improve the ____ of our cars to reduce fuel consumption.A. speedB. performanceC. sizeD. color答案：B。

本题考查交通工具性能相关词汇。

选项A“speed”指速度；选项B“performance”有性能的意思，符合语境，强调汽车整体性能的提升以降低油耗；选项C“size”指尺寸；选项D“color”指颜色，均与降低油耗的性能改进无关。

2. The new technology can greatly enhance the ____ of the buses.A. safetyB. comfortC. beautyD. cost答案：A。

本题围绕交通工具性能改进。

选项A“safety”意为安全，新技术能提升公交车的安全性；选项B“comfort”指舒适；选项C“beauty”指美观；选项D“cost”指成本，而题干说的是新技术对公交车性能的提升，安全性能更符合。

3. To make the trains more efficient, we should focus on improving their ____.A. enginesC. seatsD. lights答案：A。

本题考查火车性能改进的重点。

选项A“engines”指引擎，改进引擎能使火车更高效；选项B“windows”指窗户；选项C“seats”指座位；选项D“lights”指灯光，这三个选项都不是影响火车效率的关键因素。

4. The improvement of the ____ can make the planes fly longer distances.A. wingsB. cabinsC. enginesD. pilots答案：C。

本题关于飞机性能改进。

选项A“wings”指机翼；选项B“cabin”指机舱；选项C“engines”指引擎，改进引擎能使飞机飞得更远；选项D“pilots”指飞行员，飞行员不是飞机能飞更远的直接改进因素。

The development of automobileAs the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going andstability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger's safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life. Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cells, the fuel cellis by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe,convenient and flexible, comfortable. Now, the electric car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few people in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the carWill was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.汽车的发展随着世界能源危机的持续，以及战争和能源-----石油的消耗及汽车饱有量的增加，能源在一天一天下降，终有一天它会消失的无影无踪。

逆天公交，完满解决堵车心塞问题！2021-05-27时髦虎虎长远以来我们城市处在堵车的水深火热之中在汽车的体会和司机不耐烦的喇叭里狭缝求生但这样令人心塞的堵车有了这辆逆天公交或许就不再是问题了啊喂▼求下边车子心理面积▼转角都这么潇洒▼上边看的话是酱婶儿的▼中国再一次惊艳了全球！！！近期，在第十九届中国北京科技家产展览会上，一项“中国原创〞重要创建成为世界各地领导、专业人士和国内外媒体的焦点。

这项重要创建被称为是“空中奔跑的巴士〞，更酷炫一点的话，还叫“陆地空客〞〔是否是很英俊？〕接地气点的叫法呢，就是“巴铁〞。

“巴铁〞由这家综合性的高新技术开发企业自主研发，是中国原创，曾被美国?时代周刊?评为“2021年世界科学技术领域最正确、最重要打破的创建之一〞，是国家重要的战略新兴家产。

▲喏，就是这个，先上一张图一睹为快从上图里，你或许看不出来什么稀罕的。

所谓“巴铁〞是一种完整依赖电力驱动的，大运量宽体高架电车，采纳高效低碳公共交通新技术，集城市迅速公交〔BRT〕与地铁长处于一身的交通工具。

简单粗暴地来说，能够直观看到的两大亮点：拥有地铁同样的大运力；还可以像巴士同样在地面上运转。

“巴铁〞如同一辆在公路上奔跑的宽体短型列车，时速可达每小时60公里，均匀时速那么为40公里。

“巴铁〞与汽车互不扰乱：“巴铁〞能够合用于城市主要交通干道路面的上空，且横跨两个车道，分上下两层，上层载客，下层镂空，镂空基层高度为2.1-2.2米，也就是说，不论是静止仍是行驶，只假如2米以下的汽车都能够自由同行。

行驶过程中，“巴铁〞和汽车互不扰乱。

缓解交通拥挤：一辆“巴铁〞能够容纳1200-1400 名乘客，这但是一般公交的几十倍！假如依据40辆40公里线路来回计算，“巴铁〞的日载客数约为40万人次。

估计“巴铁〞营运后，可直接减少现有主要交通干道35%以上的交通拥挤。

环保：由于它完整部是采纳的电力驱动，假如一辆“巴铁〞能够代替40辆一般的燃油公交大巴，那么每年就能够减少 864吨耗油，减少2684吨碳排放。

英国zev法令-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述英国zev法令（Zero Emission Vehicle）是一项旨在推动电动汽车和减少尾气排放的法律法规。

这项法令的推行标志着英国政府在应对气候变化和改善空气质量方面取得了重要进展。

电动汽车作为一种清洁能源交通工具，具有零排放、低噪音和高效能的特点，被认为是未来可持续交通的重要方向。

然而，由于电动汽车的高成本和充电设施的不完善等问题，其推广依然面临着一定的挑战。

因此，英国zev法令的出台具有重要的现实意义和战略意义。

该法令旨在加强对电动汽车的支持和促进其市场发展。

其核心内容包括：1. 建立充电基础设施：法令要求政府加大对充电站点的投资，建设更多的充电桩，以满足日益增长的电动汽车需求。

这将有助于解决用户充电难题，提高电动汽车的使用便利性。

2. 提供财政激励措施：为了鼓励更多的消费者购买电动汽车，该法令提供了一系列的财政激励措施，例如购车补贴、免税政策和降低关税等。

这将有效降低电动汽车的购买成本，增加消费者的选择意愿。

3. 强制汽车制造商减少尾气排放：法令规定汽车制造商在一定时期内必须逐步增加电动汽车在其产品线中的比例。

这将促使汽车制造商加大对电动汽车的研发和生产投入，进一步推动电动汽车的技术创新与市场发展。

英国zev法令的实施将对环境和汽车产业产生深远影响。

首先，推广电动汽车将大大减少尾气排放，降低空气污染和温室气体排放，有助于改善城市空气质量和缓解气候变化。

其次，英国zev法令将为电动汽车产业提供巨大的发展机遇。

随着政府的支持和市场需求的增加，电动汽车产业将进一步壮大，吸引更多的投资和创新力量，从而推动汽车产业向清洁能源转型，提高英国在全球汽车市场的竞争力。

总之，英国zev法令的推行旨在推动电动汽车的普及和减少尾气排放，具有重要的意义和影响力。

通过建设充电基础设施、提供财政激励和强制汽车制造商减少尾气排放，该法令将为推动清洁能源交通和汽车产业的发展提供有力支持。

公共机构节能管理远程培训在线作业参考答案国内外节能减排现状、发展趋势与当前节能工作第1题我国人均耕地为世界平均水平的（）A.27%B.25%C.32%D.45%答案:A第2题长江流域冬季采暖能耗较低的原因不包括（）A.供暖的面积B.供暖时间C.暖气的开/关时间D.采暖能源供应较少答案:D第3题我国2022年的用能规划中，用能最少的是（）A.制造业B.农业C.交通D.建筑答案:C第4题世界上人均建筑面积最多的国家是（）A.中国B.美国C.丹麦D.日本答案:B第5题我国能源供应状况里，生产量逐年减少，需要依靠进口的是（）A.煤炭B.天然气C.石油D.稀土答案:C第1题面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势，必须树立（)的生态文明理念。

A.尊重自然B.控制自然C.顺应自然D.保护自然答案:A,C,D第2题采用生态文明的发展模式，需要以自然界能够提供的上限为约束条件，下列属于自然界能够提供的上限的有（）A.土地资源B.水资源C.能源资源D.环境容量答案:A,B,C,D第3题中外建筑能耗巨大差别的原因主要有（）A.建筑通风的风机能耗B.运行时间/天C.空调系统结构D.空调系统的运行方式答案:A,B,C,D第1题目前全球碳排放量304.9亿吨，中国碳排放为全球第一，占22.3%，人均碳排放量已超过世界平均水平。

（）答案:正确第2题我国南北方水资源情况中，北方主要是水体总量不足，南方主要是水质性缺水。

（）答案:正确第3题工业文明的发展模式——先定发展目标，通过技术创新尽可能降低实现这一目标的生态代价。

（）答案:正确公共机构能源管理计算方法第1题电力系统功率单位是（）。

A.KvAB.KWC.KJD.KL答案:B第2题我国法定能源为焦耳（J），热量单位1cal=（）·JA.4.1816B.1.0C.100D.10答案:A第3题1Kwh=()KJA.100B.3600C.1000D.10答案:B第4题1公斤标准煤（1Kgce）的发热量为（）KcalA.5000B.7000C.10000D.6000答案:B第1题一次能源有（）。

高考英语时事热点话题阅读热点18 交通强国与交通发展治理一、阅读理解1Urban Transportation in CanadaPublic transportation & Transit passesAll cities and most major towns in Canada have a public transportation system with one or more modes of transportation (bus, subway, train, etc.). The bus is the most common form of urban transportation in Canada. To use public transportation, you must purchase a ticket or a transit pass. Transit passes allow you unlimited use of public transportation for a specific period (one month or more). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if you plan to use public transportation often.Transportation for people with disabilitiesPublic transportation often has features to assist people with disabilities. In many cities and towns, there are also transportation services available specifically for people with limited mobility, such as specially equipped buses. You can find out about these services in the same way you would learn more about other public transportation options.Etiquette on public transportationWhen taking public transportation such as a bus or train, it is important to understand the unspoken rules of conduct in the shared space. Here are a few things to note:◆Be polite and respectful to others around you. For example, maintain an appropriate noise level when talking or making a phone call.◆If you are carrying a backpack or a large shoulder bag in a crowded public transit vehicle, keep it close to you, preferably at your feet to avoid hitting people with it as you walk by.◆Avoid pushing or touching others in order to make more room for yourself. Sometimes public transit can become very crowded, but it is important to keep calm and give others appropriate personal space.◆Have your proof of payment accessible in case you are asked to show it.1. What is the advantages of using transit passes over buying tickets?A. Lower costs.B. Safer trips.C. Longer service hours.D. More use of transport.2. How does the transportation system help people with disabilities?A. By offering fewer transportation options.B. By running special transport services.C. By limiting their mobility on city buses.D. By providing free rides in towns and cities.3. What is considered impolite on public transportation?A. Lowering your speaking voice.B. Placing backpacks at your feet.C. Having your proof of payment at hand.D. Staying close to other passengers.2William Phelps Eno (1858 - 1945 ) was an internationally recognized pioneer in traffic control and regulation. Named the "Father of Traffic Safety," 'Eno developed the first traffic plans for major cities including New York, London, and Paris, and is credited with helping to invent and popularize stop signs, taxi stands, pedestrian safety islands, and other traffic features commonly used throughout the world.Eno started out in his family's real estate business, but his interest in transportation led him to concentrate his spare time on traffic reform. In 1899, at the age of 40, he left real estate behind and devoted the rest of his life to put his concepts for orderly transportation into practice. His "Rules of the Road," adopted by New York City in 1909, became the world's first city traffic plan. He also wrote the first-ever manual of police traffic regulations.Eno gradually embraced multimodal transportation interests. He developed a plan for subways in New York City long before anyone else seriously considered the concept. He also became interested in maritime activities, supported railroad development, and started research in the 1920s on the future impact of avidtion(航空).Eno died in 1945 at the age of 86. Ironically, he never drove a car during his lifetime. The Father of Traffic Safety,an enthusiastic horseback rider,distrusted automobiles.In 1921, William P. Eno created a corporation whose purpose was to continue his lifetime's work—the promotion of safety on roads and highways. He sponsored the Foundation and began the work of attracting other transportation experts and specialists in order to provide a forum for unbiased discussions that would lead to improvements in the movement of people and goods.Since 1921, the Foundation has undergone many changes. What began as a Foundation for Highway Traffic Regulation has now become an independent, non-profit think tank that works in federal transportation policy and transportation leadership development. What has not changed is Eno's constant presence in the world oftransportation.4. For what is William Phelps Eno well-known to the whole world ?A. His pioneering work in ensuring traffic safety.B. His design of all traffic signs.C. His research over the diversity of transportation.D. His contribution in inventing cars.5. When was the first city traffic plan launched?A. In 1909.B. In 1921.C. In 1945.D. In 1899.6. Which of the following can best replace "ironically" in the fourth paragraph?A. Humorously.B. Simply.C. Unexpectedly.D. Fortunately.7. What role does the Foundation created by William play now?A. Promoting improvements in federal transportation.B. Sponsoring the poor who don't have cars.C. Hosting international forums for experts and specialists.D. Maintaining safety on roads and highways.3When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.It goes like this: You can’t take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We’d take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic di strict, but we didn’t like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom’s friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As Igot older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where’s the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?I’m writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn’t try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.8. Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?A. Havinga car ride.B. Taking the train twice.C. Buying more than one toy.D. Touring the historic district.9. According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?A. Building confidence in herself.B. Reducing her use of private cars.C. Developing her sense of direction.D. Giving her knowledge about vehicles.10. Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of (不赞成)?A. Airplane.B. Subway.C. Tram.D. Car.4Transportation shapes the world: along with communications, it forms a global net that connects person to person, city to city, and country to country. Transportation routes as well as vehicles are vital to the functioning and spread of every civilization.A country’s economy depends on reliable transportation. Citie s spread out along roads, rivers, and rails, so does information. Until the 20th century, these routes were confined to land or water. With the invention of powered flight, the air became an open road as well. The earliest way of traveling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans’ earliest means of transporting goods was carrying loads on their back or head. By 4000 B. C. , people were using domesticated animals for transport, a method greatly improved in some parts of the world by the invention of the wheel, probably first developed around 3500 B. C. .Until the 19th century, animals were the engines of land transportation. But with the invention of the steam engine and the internal combustion engine, railroads and automobiles revolutionized travel and trade. More than600 million cars and trucks travel the world today.Water has always been a fast and efficient mode of travel, and even today it remains a primary mover of heavy goods. The importance of waterways to human civilization can be seen on any map: almost all of the world’s major cities are located on coastlines or rivers. As early as 7000 B. C. , people were building canoes; long-distance ships were common by 3000 B. C. Until the 1950s, ships were the chief means of overseas passenger travel.Although the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th century, air travel was not practical until the invention of powered flight by the Wright brothers in 1903. Within ten years, the commercial air transportation business had begun.Since the 20th century, high-speed rail has become another convenient way of travel. Today, two-thirds of the world’s high-speed rail track is in China, which measures nearly 30,000 kms, and this is expected to reach 38,000 kms by 2025.11. What is the passage mainly about?A. Technological advancements in transport over time.B. The influence of economic activities on transportation.C. The relationship between transportation and information flows.D. Reasons why land and sea transportation routes were important.12. Why does the writer mention the location of the world’s major cities?A. To encourage more people to move to big cities.B. To explain why boats and ships continue to be irreplaceable.C. To recommend water as a convenient and cheap form of transportation.D. To emphasize the contribution of water transport to human development.13. What can we learn about air travel?A. Balloons used to be one popular way of air travel.B. The Montgolfier brothers invented powered flight.C. The invention of airplanes helped popularize air travel.D. Air travel became widespread soon after the balloon was invented.14. What is the total length of high-speed rail track in the world today?A. About 57,000 kms.B. About 45,000 kms.C. About 38,000 kms.D. About 30,000 kms.5Traveling by bicycle is a very popular means of transportation throughout China. China has a huge population, and it is said that there is at least one bicycle for every two people within the company. Of course, many people in China ride bicycles pure ly for sport or exercise, but it’s also a much more commonly accepted means of everyday transportation, as compared to countries such as the United States.If you are living for a long period of time in China, chances are you will want to purchase your own bicycle so that you can use it whenever you want for transportation or just for the enjoyment of riding. Even if you don’t use a bicycle for everyday transportation, owning one can be a great way of enjoying some of the trails in the rural areas, just for fun. However, if you are just visiting China, renting a bicycle can be a more convenient choice. It is important to choose the correct bicycle for your use. You’ll find that in China, the one-speed style of bicycle is extremely popular. These bicycles are great if you want to ride around in the city to see the sights. They are quite comfortable and easy to ride. You can often rent a bicycle for an entire day for around $15.However, if you wish to ride on some of the rural paths, a mountain bike style would be a better choice. They are great for different kinds of road surfaces, providing for a safer ride. If you are planning to have a desire to tour and still be able to carry packages with you, then a touring bike would be the best choice. These are generally the most expensive to rent, but are extremely handy for carrying packages and even some of your luggage along with you.15. The opening paragraph probably tells us that .A. riding bicycle is very popular to Chinese peopleB. Chinese people use bicycles only for transportationC. Americans use bicycles only for sport and exerciseD. Riding bicycles is the main means of transportation16. If you are traveling in Beijin g you’d better .A. buy a bikeB. borrow a bikeC. steal a bikeD. rent a bike17. Which of the following is the advantage of the one-speed bicycle?A. It’s worth at least 15 dollarsB. You can’t ride it in the countryside.C. It is easy for you to travel in the cityD. You have to return it the next day.18. You would like to own a touring bike probably because .A. you have to ride on the road in the countrysideB. you have some packages to carry while travelingC. you want to enjoy the sights in the big citiesD. it is suitable for all kinds of road surfaces6Americans drove more miles in 2015 than any year since the U.S. government started keeping records 45 years ago. The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDT) recently reported that Americans drove a record of 3.148 trillion miles last year. In case you are wondering, that is enough to take 337 round trips from Earth to Pluto.There are a number of reasons why Americans are driving more miles. The social experts agree that the first is the price of gas, which has dropped to the level of the year 2004 in the past year. The American Automobile Association (AAA) said that the average price of gas was just $1.71 a gallon. That could be the lowest price since 2004.P.J. Sriraj, a director of the Urban Transportation Center at the University of Chicago, notes that the lower cost to fill up a car is just one reason. Another reason is that more Americans are back to work after the 2008 economic recession, and they drive to their jobs.Besides, more Americans have to travel a long distance every day between home and the office. There are a lot of Americans who must travel more than 45 miles per day for their jobs. And as for many, there is not enough public transportation.Because of the heavy traffic, roads are becoming more and more crowded. While modern cars are more fuel-efficient, the improvement is not enough to offset more cars on the road. “There is no doubt that driving more will make the air dirtier,” said P.J. Sriraj. And many Americans showed a great conce rn in a recent survey.19. The USDT report shows that in 2015 ________.A. Americans drove record-breaking milesB. Americans drove 3.148 trillion miles a dayC. Travel to Pluto was popular with AmericansD. The government began to record driving miles20. P.J. Sriraj thinks the reason why Americans drove more miles is ________.A. the low prices of gas and carsB. the 2008 economic depressionC. the Urban Transportation CenterD. more people’s coming back to work21. What makes many Americans worried?A. Having to drive far to work.B. Having no public transportation.C. Too many cars’ poll ution of the air.D. Small improvement of modern cars.22. How is the whole passage developed?A. By explaining causes.B. By giving examples.C. By following time order.D. By making comparison.7The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seeme d like a futurist’s dream, years away from coming into reality in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their cars in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology may change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is managed.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers should be talking more about how self-driving cars can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient and affordable choices to move around. The arrival of driverless cars is a chance to make sure that those cars are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own their self-driving cars. They accept long, slow journeys to and from work on crowded highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride. They take their driverless car to a date and set the empty car to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport —an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(网约车)services. Policymakers shouldstart thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless cars doesn't worsen the transportation system we have today. The coming technological development presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.23. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Self-driving cars are not allowed in the real world.B. Driverless taxies will be seen everywhere on the road in a short term.C. California is not alone in testing driverless cars.D. Self-driving technology will definitely benefit transportation system.24. According to the author, policymakers should pay more attention to __________.A. how driverless cars can help deal with transportation-related problemsB. how driverless cars can travel safelyC. how driverless cars can travel fasterD. how driverless cars can move more people25. What is a possible side effect of self-driving cars?A. Journeys to and from work become longer.B. More and more people abandon public transportation.C. There is no place to park them.D. They may result in traffic jams.26. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Preparing Cities for Robot CarsB. Future Technology UnderwayC. Transportation System in the FutureD. Robot Cars on the Road8“Choo, Choo!” Here comes the Chunnel train. Get aboard if you want to learn more about this un derground transportation system. This is an unusual form of transportation, because it is a tunnel that trains travel through and not an actual form of transportation.The Chunnel is actually the English nickname for the Channel Tunnel. In French, it is called le tunnel sous la Manche. It is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover. It connects Cheriton in Kent, England with Sangatte in northern France. It is the second longest rail tunnel in the world.Did you know that the British and the French had a race whi1e they were building the Chunnel? The race was to see who could get to the middle of the tunnel first. The British won by a little bit. It took 15,000 workers over seven years to dig the tunnel. The tunnel was finished in 1994.The completed Chunnel cost about $ 21 billion. But it all paid off, because it became very popular, very quick. Millions of people use it. Now it is getting even more popular.There are three complete tunnels in the Chunnel. The two outside ones are the passenger trains. The small inner one is a guidance train. The guidance train is not used for transportation. Each track is exactly parallel to each other.There are four different train systems in the Chunnel. The Eurostar is a high speed passenger service that connects London, Paris, Brussels, and Lille. The Eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service. These shuttles carry cars. These are railcars that allow drivers to drive their vehicles on and off. There are also two Eurotunnel goods service trains.Now you know more about the Chunnel. Everybody off, this is the last stop.27. The Channel Tunnel links ______ with _______.A. Dover; KentB. London; ParisC. Lille; BrusselsD. Cheriton; Sangatte28. Which of the following shows the structure of the tunnels in the Chunnel?A. B.C. D.29. The Eurotunnel shuttle is intended to carry _________.A. passengersB. drivers and their vehiclesC. goodsD. staff members of the Chunnel30. The text can most probably be __________.A. found in a textbookB. read in a magazineC. broadcast on a trainD. heard in a railway station二、完形填空Residents of urban areas often make use of public transportation on their way to school or the office. But when their final 31 isn’t near a bus stop or subway station, those folks have a problem. Transportation experts often 32 to this a s the “last mile” problem — finding a way to close the gap between public transportation stops and one’s destination.With the last mile problem in mind, the makers of the URB-E 33 a compact electric vehicle that weighs around 13 kilograms. Unlike bi kes, which often don’t fit on crowded buses or trains, the URB-E collapses into a form 34 to carry-on luggage. And since the URB-E can be carried 35 anywhere, it’s not as vulnerable to thieves as bikes are.Depending on usage, the URB-E can travel for 32 kilometers on a single 36 , reaching a top speed of 24 kilometers per hour. Although there are other vehicles attempting to 37 the last mile issue, the URB-E 38 for its ease of use, portability and affordable price. For the price of a nice laptop, you could have an URB-E to drive to the office.The URB-E is made from aircraft-grade aluminum and comes in two basic models: the URB-E Commuter and the URB-E GP. The main 39 between the two is that the Commuter model has two rear wheels while the GP has only one. That means the Commuter offers greater stability, as 40 to the GP’s ability to make sharper turns like a bicycle.Both models come with accessories 41 LED front and rear lights and a shock-absorbing seat. They also 42 a smartphone holder and USB charging port right on the steering column. In fact, smartphones play a big role in the URB-E app to do things like monitor battery charge or control the lights. 43 accessories include a cup holder and a folding luggage shelf.At this year’s international Consumer Electronic Show (CES) in Las Vegas, tech website The Verge awarded the URB-E with its “Best Personal Transportation” award. Singing the URB-E’s 44 , Verge editor Ben Popper said, “The URB-E fel t like the kind of vehicle an enlightened citizen of 2030 would own.” So why wait that long, when the URB-E is 45 for order now?31. A. purpose B. destination C. transportation D. vehicle32. A. refer B. accustom C. attach D. stick33. A. discovered B. introduced C. designed D. manufactured34. A. convenient B. efficient C. objective D. similar35. A. constantly B. eventually C. mainly D. practically36. A. charge B. tourism C. competition D. distance37. A. cover B. develop C. address D. conquer38. A. breaks away B. stands out C. invests in D. perseveres in39. A. difference B. characteristic C. shortcoming D. advantage40. A. familiar B. strange C. important D. opposed41. A. as a result of B. such as C. in all D. in addition to42. A. install B. explore C. feature D. equip43. A. Optional B. Critical C. Essential D. Unique44. A. influences B. contributions C. praises D. achievements45. A. accessible B. flexible C. fascinating D. available三、语法填空阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.低碳生活时代的到来不可逆转，它将改变人们的生活和消费方式。

（√）.“二氧化碳减排”是国家该考虑的事情，与我们每个人的生活没有关系（X）2.“巴厘岛路线图”强调了广大发展中国家在应对气候变化过程中极为关心的适应气候变化问题、技术开发和转让问题以及资金问题。

（√）“二氧化碳减排”是发达国家应该承担的责任。

中国作为发展中国家，经济发展水平不能和发达国家相比较，不用考虑节能减排的问题。

（X）.5.二氧化碳当量是常被用于测量温室气体的单位。

（√）.6.“追求生活的便利”是低碳消费观的一部分（X）.二氧化碳是温室气体中数量最多、对环境影响最大的气体（√）。

4.低碳经济的实质在于提升能源的高效利用、推行区域的清洁发展、促进产品的低碳开发和维持全球的生态平衡（√）5.低碳经济的目标是低碳但高增长。

（√）6.垃圾也是一种很有开发价值的资源。

（√）7.一国收入水平的高低与碳生产力的大小存在直接联系。

（X）.9.所谓“碳中性”，就是通过各种削减或者吸纳措施，实现当年二氧化碳净排放量降低到零。

（√）低碳经济的兴起，是一场“新的工业革命”，意在推动社会产业向高能效、低排放的方向转型。

（√）天然气又称油田气、石油气、石油伴生气。

开采石油时，只有气体称为天然气。

天然气的主要成分是甲烷。

（√）1.在全球的大背景下，发展低碳经济将逐步成为中国社会经济发展的主流模式。

（√）5.低碳经济不等于贫困经济，高生活质量也不等于高排放。

（√）水能、风能、太阳能和生物质能是无碳能源。

（X）12.低碳经济是个经济问题，和企业界有关，和我无关。

（X）15.“低碳经济”的概念是由日本国率先提出的。

（X）16.《哥本哈根协议》重申全球气温上升幅度不得多于摄氏两度的目标。

（√）17.《京都议定书》三机制均适用于发达国家和发展中国家之间的减排合作（X）10.煤炭、石油都是可再生的能源（X）11.我国是个资源丰富的国家，仅化石能源就足以保证我国能源高枕无忧。