2016南大网院西方文化第1次作业答案

标准答案：d说明：题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:3北美殖民地时期的文学是在印第安人文学的基础上发展起来的。

虽然这时期没有产生较高水平的文学作品，但也出现了具有清教主义特色，或带有类似圣经风格、或宣传人道主义思想的文学作品。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:319世纪五六十年代．英国的现实主义正处于巅峰状态，文坛上就响起了与之迥然相异的另类声音。

“为艺术而艺术”，还是“为现实而艺术”，人们为艺术的发展竖起了截然相反的方向标。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:9 题型:判断题本题分数:32100 BC 以后移居在意大利半岛中部拉丁姆平原上的拉丁部落人创立了拉丁文化，他们后来接受了希腊文化，并在753 BC 建立了罗马城，是一个实行军事民主的农业社会。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:10 题型:判断题本题分数:3莫里哀(1622-1673)是英国最杰出的喜剧家之一。

他是古典主义作家，但并不拘泥于古典主义法则。

他的喜剧具有鲜明的反封建、反教会的特色，但也带有宫廷色彩。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:11 题型:判断题本题分数:3荷马时代正是希腊神话的形成时期，古希腊人信奉多神教，赫西俄德曾创作了一部神的史诗——《神谱》，主要描写“奥林匹斯神系”，前后两辈。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:12 题型:判断题本题分数:3苏格拉底是开创希腊哲学研究新方向的划时代的思想家，他把研究对象从自然转向了社会和人类的内心世界，专门探讨人类的心灵智慧与活动能力.•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:13 题型:判断题本题分数:3在公元313年君士坦丁颁布“米兰赦令”，宣布给基督教以合法地位。

考生答题情况作业名称：西方文化第1次作业出卷人：SA作业总分：100 通过分数：60详细信息：题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:在瓜分了西罗马帝国的各个蛮族政权中，（）是持续时间最长、最有势力且最早皈依正统派基督教信仰的日耳曼王国。

A、德意志王国B、法兰克王国C、不列颠王国D、奥匈王国学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:( )是唯心主义辩证法的集大成者， 18世纪末到19世纪初的德意志古典哲学的著名代表人物。

A、海德格尔B、费尔巴哈C、康德D、黑格尔学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:( )是西班牙作家塞万提斯一部小说中的主人公，一个真诚的、然而是脱离实际的理想主义者。

A、堂吉诃德B、伽西莫多C、格列佛D、夏洛克学员答案:A本题得分:2题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:公元313年，罗马皇帝（）颁布了《米兰敕令》，标志着基督教在罗马帝国中取得了合法地位。

A、凯撒B、屋大维C、汉尼拔D、君士坦丁学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:在古希腊历史上，第一次用哲学语言代替神话语言来说明万物的本原的哲学学派是（）。

A、米诺斯学派B、米利都学派C、希腊学派D、经院学派学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:古罗马共和国的最后一任执政官和第一位皇帝是（）。

A、凯撒B、屋大维C、汉尼拔D、君士坦丁学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:马其顿亚历山大大帝是古希腊著名哲学家（）的弟子。

A、苏格拉底B、巴门尼德C、希罗多德D、亚里士多德学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:十三世纪最杰出的经院哲学家和神学家是（）。

Test 11．Two of the elements in European culture are considered to be more enduring and they are the __Greco-Roman__element and the _Judeo-Christian____ element.2．In a more remote period of Greek history，probably around__1200 B. C.____, a war was fought between Greece and Troy．3．Greek culture reached a high point of development in the__5th___ century B．C．4．The 5th century B．C．closed with civil war between__Athens___ and ___Sparta___ in Greece．5．In the second half of the _4th____ century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of__Alexander___, King of Macedon.6．In___146___B．C．the Romans conquered Greece.7. Athens was a democracy，where only the adult ___male___ citizens had the rights.8. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of___slave____ labour.9. The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years，they had a big festival on _OlympusMount_____ whichincluded contests of sports10. Revised in___1896___, the Games have become the world’S foremost ameteur sportscompetition.11. Ancient Greeks considered__Homer___ to be the author of their epics：the Iliad.12. Homer probably lived around__700 B. C.___.13.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of__Troy___.14. The heroes are Hector on the__Troy___side and and Achilles and Odysseus on the__Greek_____.15. In the final battle, Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the ___Greeks___.16. The Odyssey deals with the __return___of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island Ithaca.17. The Odyssey describes many adventures Odysseus ran into on his long voyage and how he was reunited with his faithful __wife____Penelope.18.Countless writers have quoted, adapted, borrowed from and otherwise used __Homer’s____epics.19. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets (Byron, Shelley and Keats) expressed their _admiration____ of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics.20 In the 20th century, there are _Homeric____parallels in the Irishman James Joyce's modernist masterpiece Ulysses.21. Early in their remote past，the Greeks started to perform plays at__religious___ Festivals.22. Out of these origins a powerful drama developed in the _____ century B.C.23. P erformances were given in__open-air___ theaters，with the audience sitting on _stone____ benches and looking down at the stage from __three__ sides.___Euripides____.25. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid__character__ portrayal and majestic __poetry____.Aeschylus wrote such plays as__Prometheus Bound____, ___ Persians___ and __Agamemnon______.Sophocles was the author of plays like __Oedipus the King_____, ___Electra_____ and ____Antigone____.28. Oedipus the King is the story of a man who unknowingly committed aterrible sin by killing his __father___ and marrying his___mother_____.29. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmun d Freud’s term “__The Oedipus Complex_______” derived from Sophocles’s play.30. Euripides wrote mainly about___women____ in such plays as __Andromache____, ___Medea____ and ___Trojan women_____.31. Aristophanes wrote such plays as __Frogs_____, ___Clouds_______, ____ Wasps_______ and _____Birds________.32. Pythagoras was the founder of ____scientific mathematics________.33. Euclid is even now well—known for his Elements，a textbook of ___geometry_____, perhaps the most successful textbook ever written，because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.34. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in his famous ___Dialogues_____.35. The method of argument Socrates used in exposing fallacies has come to be known as the ___dialectical____method.36.Plato’s Dialogues are important not only as____philosophical___ writing but also ___imaginative_____ as literature.38. Of the Dialogues Plato wrote，27 have survived，including ___the Apology____, ___Symposium____ and ____the Republic____.39. Plato’s comprehensive system of philosophy dealt with, among other things，the problem of how，in the complex，ever-changing world，men were to attain ___knowledge____.40. Of Aristotle’s numerous works，the following are perhaps still important to scholars and general readers alike：Ethics, Politics Poetics and Rhetoric41.A ristotle’s Rhetoric dealt with the art of __persuading____an audience.42. To students of literature，Aristotle’s most influential writing is__Poetics_____.43. The most important of the temples the ancient Greeks left us is ___Parthenon______, which has always been a great tourist attraction for people all over the world.44. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles：the __Doric____ style, ___Ionic______style and ___Corinthian____style.45. Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the __Renaissance_____ in Italy and other European countries.46. Karl Marx，once wrote about the Greeks：“Why should’t the childhood of human society．．．exercise an eternal charm，as _____an age will never return___________?”47. The Greeks invented mathematics and science and philosophy；they first wrote history as opposed to mere annals；they speculated freely about the _nature_____of the world and the ends of life，without being bound in the fetters of any inherited orthodoxy．48. The Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of ___human endeavor______.49. The Greeks set an example by the bold effort they made to understand the world by the use of______human reason_____.50. The burning of Corinth in __146 B.C._____ marked the Roman conquest of Greece，which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire．。

南京大学网络教育学院“西方文化（公共选修）”课程期末试卷提示：答案文档直接在学生平台提交阅读以下文章，回答问题。

要求：结合本学期所学内容、对西方文化的全面认识以及个人的生活体验，思路活跃，结构清晰，独立思考，请勿抄袭。

我自己刚到香港时就是这样，只觉得自己多么没着落，无根无底地飘在他乡，我要努力啊，绝不可浪费自己的任何精力，房子，车子，名誉，地位，还有漂亮老婆，我什么都要啊。

要学最能给我带来利益的东西，去做最有利于自己的事情，直到我成功。

当时我就是这么典型功利，到现在我都想这样痛骂自己。

数学指出函数的极大值往往在最不稳定的点取到，人追求极端就会失去内心的平衡，到时候就不难体会到数学原理的深刻。

我很快让我的功利心理逼到无路可走了，对所学的东西怀疑，担心自己变成书呆子，对自己没有信心，找不到真正的朋友，找不到让身心平静的乐趣，每天都在心潮起伏。

最后我去找学生辅导员。

愚蠢的诉说倒不多提了，不过我记得他大胡子的脸上有了微笑，眼睛里放出宽容而温和的光。

他告诉我觉得我很有意思，他第一次遇到这么坦白的学生。

“那些东西有什么意义呢，你怀疑得很好。

”中国人很难理解，对于在功利教育里熏陶过来、缺少人格教育的中国学生，更无异于晴天霹雳。

成绩，offer，学位，这样那样的好处，每天拼命算计的东西有什么意义？假设你突然死掉，世界将会怎样？世界将一样绚丽，地球转得一样快，太阳系每天在宇宙中换一个位置。

大海还是大海，波涛还是波涛，一样的花开花落，潮起潮落。

你的亲人可能会掉眼泪，但是周围的人在三个月内会将你忘个干净，那是你曾经那么在乎他们怎么看你的一群人啊。

如果上帝存在，在他的眼里，你是多么可怜的小虫子，在活着的短暂岁月里，在最美好的青春里，都不曾快乐过，用尽心力去聚集一大堆外在和心灵没有关系的小东西，只是出于对未来的没有信心，小小的心灵在接近熄灭的一天还在发出那个愚蠢的声音，让你忙碌，让你忧虑的声音：我要，我还要。

天底下充满了这样的小虫子，当一个离开了，又有一个来了，做着同样的事情，汹涌着同样的小小念头，受着同样的煎熬。

说明：题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:3北美殖民地时期的文学是在印第安人文学的基础上发展起来的。

虽然这时期没有产生较高水平的文学作品，但也出现了具有清教主义特色，或带有类似圣经风格、或宣传人道主义思想的文学作品。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:319世纪五六十年代．英国的现实主义正处于巅峰状态，文坛上就响起了与之迥然相异的另类声音。

“为艺术而艺术”，还是“为现实而艺术”，人们为艺术的发展竖起了截然相反的方向标。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:9 题型:判断题本题分数:32100 BC 以后移居在意大利半岛中部拉丁姆平原上的拉丁部落人创立了拉丁文化，他们后来接受了希腊文化，并在753 BC 建立了罗马城，是一个实行军事民主的农业社会。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:10 题型:判断题本题分数:3莫里哀(1622-1673)是英国最杰出的喜剧家之一。

他是古典主义作家，但并不拘泥于古典主义法则。

他的喜剧具有鲜明的反封建、反教会的特色，但也带有宫廷色彩。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:11 题型:判断题本题分数:3荷马时代正是希腊神话的形成时期，古希腊人信奉多神教，赫西俄德曾创作了一部神的史诗——《神谱》，主要描写“奥林匹斯神系”，前后两辈。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:12 题型:判断题本题分数:3苏格拉底是开创希腊哲学研究新方向的划时代的思想家，他把研究对象从自然转向了社会和人类的内心世界，专门探讨人类的心灵智慧与活动能力.•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:13 题型:判断题本题分数:3在公元313年君士坦丁颁布“米兰赦令”，宣布给基督教以合法地位。

说明：题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:319世纪五六十年代．英国的现实主义正处于巅峰状态，文坛上就响起了与之迥然相异的另类声音。

“为艺术而艺术”，还是“为现实而艺术”，人们为艺术的发展竖起了截然相反的方向标。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:32100 BC 以后移居在意大利半岛中部拉丁姆平原上的拉丁部落人创立了拉丁文化，他们后来接受了希腊文化，并在753 BC 建立了罗马城，是一个实行军事民主的农业社会。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:9 题型:判断题本题分数:3莫里哀(1622-1673)是英国最杰出的喜剧家之一。

他是古典主义作家，但并不拘泥于古典主义法则。

他的喜剧具有鲜明的反封建、反教会的特色，但也带有宫廷色彩。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:10 题型:判断题本题分数:3荷马时代正是希腊神话的形成时期，古希腊人信奉多神教，赫西俄德曾创作了一部神的史诗——《神谱》，主要描写“奥林匹斯神系”，前后两辈。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:11 题型:判断题本题分数:3在公元313年君士坦丁颁布“米兰赦令”，宣布给基督教以合法地位。

到11世纪下半期，西方基督教也取得了对东正教和伊斯兰教世界的优势。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:12 题型:判断题本题分数:3苏格拉底是开创希腊哲学研究新方向的划时代的思想家，他把研究对象从自然转向了社会和人类的内心世界，专门探讨人类的心灵智慧与活动能力.•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:13 题型:判断题本题分数:3波斯位于美索不达米亚西面由高山环绕的高原上，以公元前538年占领巴比伦并继承亚述帝国的人种而命名，现在这个国家叫伊朗。

西方文化导论课后习题答案(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship”and “courage”.Plato established the Academy －the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic”which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity. Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths andsocial life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greekculture.,religion, philosophy and literature. In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification? The major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures.From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe?(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture;Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and propertycould thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?In spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of God.Second is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 61.Tell simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and stylesin painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity insteadof divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。