2016南大网院西方文化第1次作业答案

标准答案：d说明：题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:3北美殖民地时期的文学是在印第安人文学的基础上发展起来的。

虽然这时期没有产生较高水平的文学作品，但也出现了具有清教主义特色，或带有类似圣经风格、或宣传人道主义思想的文学作品。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:319世纪五六十年代．英国的现实主义正处于巅峰状态，文坛上就响起了与之迥然相异的另类声音。

“为艺术而艺术”，还是“为现实而艺术”，人们为艺术的发展竖起了截然相反的方向标。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:9 题型:判断题本题分数:32100 BC 以后移居在意大利半岛中部拉丁姆平原上的拉丁部落人创立了拉丁文化，他们后来接受了希腊文化，并在753 BC 建立了罗马城，是一个实行军事民主的农业社会。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:10 题型:判断题本题分数:3莫里哀(1622-1673)是英国最杰出的喜剧家之一。

他是古典主义作家，但并不拘泥于古典主义法则。

他的喜剧具有鲜明的反封建、反教会的特色，但也带有宫廷色彩。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:11 题型:判断题本题分数:3荷马时代正是希腊神话的形成时期，古希腊人信奉多神教，赫西俄德曾创作了一部神的史诗——《神谱》，主要描写“奥林匹斯神系”，前后两辈。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:12 题型:判断题本题分数:3苏格拉底是开创希腊哲学研究新方向的划时代的思想家，他把研究对象从自然转向了社会和人类的内心世界，专门探讨人类的心灵智慧与活动能力.•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:13 题型:判断题本题分数:3在公元313年君士坦丁颁布“米兰赦令”，宣布给基督教以合法地位。

考生答题情况作业名称：西方文化第1次作业出卷人：SA作业总分：100 通过分数：60详细信息：题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:在瓜分了西罗马帝国的各个蛮族政权中，（）是持续时间最长、最有势力且最早皈依正统派基督教信仰的日耳曼王国。

A、德意志王国B、法兰克王国C、不列颠王国D、奥匈王国学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:( )是唯心主义辩证法的集大成者， 18世纪末到19世纪初的德意志古典哲学的著名代表人物。

A、海德格尔B、费尔巴哈C、康德D、黑格尔学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:( )是西班牙作家塞万提斯一部小说中的主人公，一个真诚的、然而是脱离实际的理想主义者。

A、堂吉诃德B、伽西莫多C、格列佛D、夏洛克学员答案:A本题得分:2题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:公元313年，罗马皇帝（）颁布了《米兰敕令》，标志着基督教在罗马帝国中取得了合法地位。

A、凯撒B、屋大维C、汉尼拔D、君士坦丁学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:在古希腊历史上，第一次用哲学语言代替神话语言来说明万物的本原的哲学学派是（）。

A、米诺斯学派B、米利都学派C、希腊学派D、经院学派学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:古罗马共和国的最后一任执政官和第一位皇帝是（）。

A、凯撒B、屋大维C、汉尼拔D、君士坦丁学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:马其顿亚历山大大帝是古希腊著名哲学家（）的弟子。

A、苏格拉底B、巴门尼德C、希罗多德D、亚里士多德学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:十三世纪最杰出的经院哲学家和神学家是（）。

Test 11．Two of the elements in European culture are considered to be more enduring and they are the __Greco-Roman__element and the _Judeo-Christian____ element.2．In a more remote period of Greek history，probably around__1200 B. C.____, a war was fought between Greece and Troy．3．Greek culture reached a high point of development in the__5th___ century B．C．4．The 5th century B．C．closed with civil war between__Athens___ and ___Sparta___ in Greece．5．In the second half of the _4th____ century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of__Alexander___, King of Macedon.6．In___146___B．C．the Romans conquered Greece.7. Athens was a democracy，where only the adult ___male___ citizens had the rights.8. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of___slave____ labour.9. The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years，they had a big festival on _OlympusMount_____ whichincluded contests of sports10. Revised in___1896___, the Games have become the world’S foremost ameteur sportscompetition.11. Ancient Greeks considered__Homer___ to be the author of their epics：the Iliad.12. Homer probably lived around__700 B. C.___.13.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of__Troy___.14. The heroes are Hector on the__Troy___side and and Achilles and Odysseus on the__Greek_____.15. In the final battle, Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the ___Greeks___.16. The Odyssey deals with the __return___of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island Ithaca.17. The Odyssey describes many adventures Odysseus ran into on his long voyage and how he was reunited with his faithful __wife____Penelope.18.Countless writers have quoted, adapted, borrowed from and otherwise used __Homer’s____epics.19. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets (Byron, Shelley and Keats) expressed their _admiration____ of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics.20 In the 20th century, there are _Homeric____parallels in the Irishman James Joyce's modernist masterpiece Ulysses.21. Early in their remote past，the Greeks started to perform plays at__religious___ Festivals.22. Out of these origins a powerful drama developed in the _____ century B.C.23. P erformances were given in__open-air___ theaters，with the audience sitting on _stone____ benches and looking down at the stage from __three__ sides.___Euripides____.25. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid__character__ portrayal and majestic __poetry____.Aeschylus wrote such plays as__Prometheus Bound____, ___ Persians___ and __Agamemnon______.Sophocles was the author of plays like __Oedipus the King_____, ___Electra_____ and ____Antigone____.28. Oedipus the King is the story of a man who unknowingly committed aterrible sin by killing his __father___ and marrying his___mother_____.29. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmun d Freud’s term “__The Oedipus Complex_______” derived from Sophocles’s play.30. Euripides wrote mainly about___women____ in such plays as __Andromache____, ___Medea____ and ___Trojan women_____.31. Aristophanes wrote such plays as __Frogs_____, ___Clouds_______, ____ Wasps_______ and _____Birds________.32. Pythagoras was the founder of ____scientific mathematics________.33. Euclid is even now well—known for his Elements，a textbook of ___geometry_____, perhaps the most successful textbook ever written，because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.34. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in his famous ___Dialogues_____.35. The method of argument Socrates used in exposing fallacies has come to be known as the ___dialectical____method.36.Plato’s Dialogues are important not only as____philosophical___ writing but also ___imaginative_____ as literature.38. Of the Dialogues Plato wrote，27 have survived，including ___the Apology____, ___Symposium____ and ____the Republic____.39. Plato’s comprehensive system of philosophy dealt with, among other things，the problem of how，in the complex，ever-changing world，men were to attain ___knowledge____.40. Of Aristotle’s numerous works，the following are perhaps still important to scholars and general readers alike：Ethics, Politics Poetics and Rhetoric41.A ristotle’s Rhetoric dealt with the art of __persuading____an audience.42. To students of literature，Aristotle’s most influential writing is__Poetics_____.43. The most important of the temples the ancient Greeks left us is ___Parthenon______, which has always been a great tourist attraction for people all over the world.44. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles：the __Doric____ style, ___Ionic______style and ___Corinthian____style.45. Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the __Renaissance_____ in Italy and other European countries.46. Karl Marx，once wrote about the Greeks：“Why should’t the childhood of human society．．．exercise an eternal charm，as _____an age will never return___________?”47. The Greeks invented mathematics and science and philosophy；they first wrote history as opposed to mere annals；they speculated freely about the _nature_____of the world and the ends of life，without being bound in the fetters of any inherited orthodoxy．48. The Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of ___human endeavor______.49. The Greeks set an example by the bold effort they made to understand the world by the use of______human reason_____.50. The burning of Corinth in __146 B.C._____ marked the Roman conquest of Greece，which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire．。

南京大学网络教育学院“西方文化（公共选修）”课程期末试卷提示：答案文档直接在学生平台提交阅读以下文章，回答问题。

要求：结合本学期所学内容、对西方文化的全面认识以及个人的生活体验，思路活跃，结构清晰，独立思考，请勿抄袭。

我自己刚到香港时就是这样，只觉得自己多么没着落，无根无底地飘在他乡，我要努力啊，绝不可浪费自己的任何精力，房子，车子，名誉，地位，还有漂亮老婆，我什么都要啊。

要学最能给我带来利益的东西，去做最有利于自己的事情，直到我成功。

当时我就是这么典型功利，到现在我都想这样痛骂自己。

数学指出函数的极大值往往在最不稳定的点取到，人追求极端就会失去内心的平衡，到时候就不难体会到数学原理的深刻。

我很快让我的功利心理逼到无路可走了，对所学的东西怀疑，担心自己变成书呆子，对自己没有信心，找不到真正的朋友，找不到让身心平静的乐趣，每天都在心潮起伏。

最后我去找学生辅导员。

愚蠢的诉说倒不多提了，不过我记得他大胡子的脸上有了微笑，眼睛里放出宽容而温和的光。

他告诉我觉得我很有意思，他第一次遇到这么坦白的学生。

“那些东西有什么意义呢，你怀疑得很好。

”中国人很难理解，对于在功利教育里熏陶过来、缺少人格教育的中国学生，更无异于晴天霹雳。

成绩，offer，学位，这样那样的好处，每天拼命算计的东西有什么意义？假设你突然死掉，世界将会怎样？世界将一样绚丽，地球转得一样快，太阳系每天在宇宙中换一个位置。

大海还是大海，波涛还是波涛，一样的花开花落，潮起潮落。

你的亲人可能会掉眼泪，但是周围的人在三个月内会将你忘个干净，那是你曾经那么在乎他们怎么看你的一群人啊。

如果上帝存在，在他的眼里，你是多么可怜的小虫子，在活着的短暂岁月里，在最美好的青春里，都不曾快乐过，用尽心力去聚集一大堆外在和心灵没有关系的小东西，只是出于对未来的没有信心，小小的心灵在接近熄灭的一天还在发出那个愚蠢的声音，让你忙碌，让你忧虑的声音：我要，我还要。

天底下充满了这样的小虫子，当一个离开了，又有一个来了，做着同样的事情，汹涌着同样的小小念头，受着同样的煎熬。

说明：题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:3北美殖民地时期的文学是在印第安人文学的基础上发展起来的。

虽然这时期没有产生较高水平的文学作品，但也出现了具有清教主义特色，或带有类似圣经风格、或宣传人道主义思想的文学作品。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:319世纪五六十年代．英国的现实主义正处于巅峰状态，文坛上就响起了与之迥然相异的另类声音。

“为艺术而艺术”，还是“为现实而艺术”，人们为艺术的发展竖起了截然相反的方向标。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:9 题型:判断题本题分数:32100 BC 以后移居在意大利半岛中部拉丁姆平原上的拉丁部落人创立了拉丁文化，他们后来接受了希腊文化，并在753 BC 建立了罗马城，是一个实行军事民主的农业社会。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:10 题型:判断题本题分数:3莫里哀(1622-1673)是英国最杰出的喜剧家之一。

他是古典主义作家，但并不拘泥于古典主义法则。

他的喜剧具有鲜明的反封建、反教会的特色，但也带有宫廷色彩。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:11 题型:判断题本题分数:3荷马时代正是希腊神话的形成时期，古希腊人信奉多神教，赫西俄德曾创作了一部神的史诗——《神谱》，主要描写“奥林匹斯神系”，前后两辈。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:12 题型:判断题本题分数:3苏格拉底是开创希腊哲学研究新方向的划时代的思想家，他把研究对象从自然转向了社会和人类的内心世界，专门探讨人类的心灵智慧与活动能力.•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:13 题型:判断题本题分数:3在公元313年君士坦丁颁布“米兰赦令”，宣布给基督教以合法地位。

说明：题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:319世纪五六十年代．英国的现实主义正处于巅峰状态，文坛上就响起了与之迥然相异的另类声音。

“为艺术而艺术”，还是“为现实而艺术”，人们为艺术的发展竖起了截然相反的方向标。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:32100 BC 以后移居在意大利半岛中部拉丁姆平原上的拉丁部落人创立了拉丁文化，他们后来接受了希腊文化，并在753 BC 建立了罗马城，是一个实行军事民主的农业社会。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:9 题型:判断题本题分数:3莫里哀(1622-1673)是英国最杰出的喜剧家之一。

他是古典主义作家，但并不拘泥于古典主义法则。

他的喜剧具有鲜明的反封建、反教会的特色，但也带有宫廷色彩。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:10 题型:判断题本题分数:3荷马时代正是希腊神话的形成时期，古希腊人信奉多神教，赫西俄德曾创作了一部神的史诗——《神谱》，主要描写“奥林匹斯神系”，前后两辈。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:11 题型:判断题本题分数:3在公元313年君士坦丁颁布“米兰赦令”，宣布给基督教以合法地位。

到11世纪下半期，西方基督教也取得了对东正教和伊斯兰教世界的优势。

•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:12 题型:判断题本题分数:3苏格拉底是开创希腊哲学研究新方向的划时代的思想家，他把研究对象从自然转向了社会和人类的内心世界，专门探讨人类的心灵智慧与活动能力.•1、错•2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:13 题型:判断题本题分数:3波斯位于美索不达米亚西面由高山环绕的高原上，以公元前538年占领巴比伦并继承亚述帝国的人种而命名，现在这个国家叫伊朗。

西方文化导论课后习题答案(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship”and “courage”.Plato established the Academy －the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic”which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity. Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths andsocial life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greekculture.,religion, philosophy and literature. In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification? The major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures.From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe?(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture;Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and propertycould thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?In spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of God.Second is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 61.Tell simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and stylesin painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity insteadof divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

作业名称大学英语(一)第一次作业作业总分100 通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2__________ the most enjoyment from your valuable antiques, read as much asyoucan on the subject.A、GettingB、GotC、To getD、Get标准答案：c说明：题号:2题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The region has suffered severe flooding, _____ tourists are advised not totravel there.A、thereforeB、butC、forD、since标准答案：a说明：1 / 15题号:3题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The president's decision to invest in that small town was a_____________mistake.A、costlyB、muchC、expensiveD、high标准答案：a说明：题号:4题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Nearly half the population _____ by the sudden spread of the previous disease.A、will be wiped outB、was wiped outC、have been wiped outD、are wiped out标准答案：b说明：题号:5题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The nationality of the murderer still remains _____________ to the police.A、unnecessaryB、unexpected2 / 15C、uniqueD、unknown标准答案：d说明：题号:6题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ some extra-money is found, the city theatre will soon close.A、If notB、UnlessC、UntilD、Except标准答案：b说明：题号:7题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Because of my poor English, I'm afraid I can't make myself __________.A、understandB、to understandC、understandingD、understood标准答案：d说明：题号:8题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:23 / 15_____ he will never forget is the four words Mrs. Brauch wrote to him.A、WhatB、ItC、ThatD、The thing which标准答案：a说明：题号:9题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2He was ____________ that he should devote his life to his motherland.A、decidedB、determinedC、discussedD、defined标准答案：b说明：题号:10题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Was this period of the empire the finest _____ in British history?A、ageB、placeC、countryD、chapter4 / 15标准答案：a说明：题号:11题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2You will not pass the examination, ____________ you work harder.A、ifB、becauseC、unlessD、in case标准答案：c说明：题号:12题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2As students we should ___________ all our efforts on our study.A、concentrateB、costC、spendD、make标准答案：a说明：题号:13题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）Mr. Wynn gave a lecture _____ the last day of the conference.A、in5 / 15B、byC、forD、on标准答案：d说明：题号:14题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）Scientists are trying to make _____________ investigation.A、furtherB、fartherC、furthestD、farthest标准答案：a说明：题号:15题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）Yes, but you'll have to leave _____ 6 p.m. at the latest.A、byB、afterC、onD、for标准答案：a6 / 15题号:16题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）______________ go to a doctor unless you really suffer.A、NoB、Never 本题分数:2本题分数:2本题分数:2本题分数:2C、Do notD、Only标准答案：c说明：题号:17题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2She stood there, ______________ for him in the rain.A、to waitB、waitC、waitingD、for waiting标准答案：c题号:18题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2He is _____ of everyone who disagrees with him.7 / 15A、doubtB、distrustC、suspiciousD、uncertain标准答案：c说明：题号:19题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2As a result, he found the man _______________.A、honestB、honestlyC、dishonestlyD、honesty标准答案：a说明：题号:20题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题He is practicing ___________ the piano now.A、playB、playingC、to playD、played标准答案：b8 / 15说明：题号:21题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 2 Text B: If you want to get the most enjoyment from your activityof coin collection, you'd better collect as many kinds of coins as possible.1、错2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:22题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 3 Text B: Dalkoff and his classmates returned to school to seeMrs. Brauch when they had been graduates of that high school for 301、错2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:23题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 3 Text A: Mr. Whitson expects his students to learn from thisexperience that it is impossible to learn and to have fun at the same time.1、错2、对标准答案：19 / 15说明：题号:24题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 4 Text A: According to the passage, Audrey Hepburn won anOscar asBest Actress for her wonderful performance in Breakfast at Tiffany's. 1、错标准答案：1说明：题号:25题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 4 Text A: In the sentence “Audrey decided to retire while she wason top”, the phrase “on top”means at the earliest stage or beginning.1、错2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:26题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 1 Text A: according to the author, “Special English”will helpyou understand people better when you travel in a foreign country.1、错2、对10 / 15标准答案：1说明：题号:27题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 3 Text A: By saying “there had to be some mistake”(para.2) theauthor implies it was impossible that a mistake had been made.1、错2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:28题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 5 Text A: The last two paragraphs mainly tell readers that boatracing and horse riding come from people's work and activities.1、错2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:29题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 3 Text B: Before he got the four words from his English teacher,Dalkoff had been hoping to become a newspaper co-editor.1、错2、对11 / 15标准答案：1说明：题号:30题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 2 Text A: collectors check to see if it has any flaws that mayreduce its value before they buy an antique item.1、错2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:31题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 4 Text A: Audrey worked for many years helping the poor childrenin Africa and Latin America.1、错2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:32题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 1 Text A: For Chinese students, English can be used both in Chinaand in foreign countries.1、错2、对12 / 15标准答案：2说明：题号:33题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 1 Text A: A student is active in class if he or she often answersthe teacher's questions.1、错2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:34题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 2 Text B: Description of unknown leaders is not included in the “stories”in paragraph 2.1、错2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:35题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 5 Text A: According to the passage mountain climbing is popularwhere mountains are high.1、错2、对13 / 15标准答案：1说明：题号:36题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 3 Text B: “She was just what I need”most probably means shewasa teacher I needed most.1、错2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:37题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 1 Text B: By “real Chinese”, the author means thoseChinese whoare not tourist guides.1、错2、对标准答案：2说明：题号:38题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 5 Text A: Hawaii is famous for surfing because there are powerfulwaves in the Pacific.1、错14 / 152、对标准答案：2说明：题号:39题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 1 Text B: The word “refreshed”at the end of Paragraph 4 meansweak and sad..1、错2、对标准答案：1说明：题号:40题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on Unit 5 Text B: By “take action”, the author means go and havea look.1、错2、对标准答案：1说明：15 / 15。

作业名称西方文化第1次作业作业总分100起止时间2020-4-27至2020-5-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 在特洛伊战争中，由于好友（帕特洛克罗斯）之死，使阿喀琉斯重返战场。

A、帕里斯B、赫克托耳C、阿伽门农D、帕特洛克罗斯标准答案：d题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 率领迦太基军队翻越阿尔卑斯山占领意大利的将军是（）。

A、凯撒B、屋大维C、汉尼拔D、阿喀琉斯标准答案：c题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 被誉为古希腊“哲学之父”的哲学家是（）。

A、希罗多德B、阿里斯托芬C、索福克勒斯D、泰勒斯标准答案：d题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 古罗马人认为自己是特洛伊英雄（）的后裔。

A、阿喀琉斯B、奥德修斯C、帕里斯D、爱涅阿斯标准答案：d题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 宙斯在古罗马神话里被称为（）。

A、阿波罗C、维纳斯D、朱庇特标准答案：d题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

1、错2、对标准答案：2题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:3北美殖民地时期的文学是在印第安人文学的基础上发展起来的。

虽然这时期没有产生较高水平的文学作品，但也出现了具有清教主义特色，或带有类似圣经风格、或宣传人道主义思想的文学作品。

1、错2、对标准答案：1题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:319世纪五六十年代．英国的现实主义正处于巅峰状态，文坛上就响起了与之迥然相异的另类声音。

题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2德国古典唯心主义哲学的创始人（）。

主要著作有《自然通史和天体理论》、《纯粹理性批判》、《实践理性批判》、《判断力批判》等。

•A、康德•B、黑格尔•C、费希特•D、费尔巴哈学员答案：a说明：本题得分：2题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2《圣经》人物，原意为“母性”、“众生之母”、“生命之源”。

《圣经》故事中人类祖先之妻。

她是（）。

•A、亚当•B、夏娃•C、该隐•D、亚伯拉罕学员答案：b说明：本题得分：2题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2古希腊“爱和美之神”在古罗马神话里叫（）。

•A、阿波罗•B、雅典娜•C、阿瑞斯•D、维纳斯学员答案：d说明：本题得分：2题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2被誉为古希腊“哲学之父”的哲学家是（）。

•A、希罗多德•B、阿里斯托芬•C、索福克勒斯•D、泰勒斯学员答案：d说明：本题得分：2题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2古罗马人认为自己是特洛伊英雄（）的后裔。

•A、阿喀琉斯•B、奥德修斯•C、帕里斯•D、爱涅阿斯学员答案：d说明：本题得分：2题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3文艺复兴在字面上是指“古希腊罗马文化的复兴”，而实质上是欧洲社会转型期（15-17世纪）发生的一次重大的思想文化运动。

在“复兴”古希腊罗马文化的旗帜下，文艺复兴运动运用“人文主义”的思想武器对当时的封建主义和宗教神学思想进行了批判，为欧洲进入现代工业社会奠定了文化思想的基础。

•1、错•2、对学员答案：2说明：本题得分：3题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:3北美殖民地时期的文学是在印第安人文学的基础上发展起来的。

虽然这时期没有产生较高水平的文学作品，但也出现了具有清教主义特色，或带有类似圣经风格、或宣传人道主义思想的文学作品。

南大网院公文第一次作业答案（DOC）公文第一次作业答案题型:单选题1 、运用科学的原则、程序和方法对机关公文的拟制、办理、管理以及立卷归档所进行的一系列工作称为（D ）。

A、公文归档工作B、公文撰写工作C、公文分类工作D、公文处理工作2 、以下与四川省成都市财政局之间具有不相隶属关系的机关是（B ）。

A、成都市人事局B、绵阳市人民政府C、四川省财政厅D、成都市人民政府3、公文的文体、构成要素及其在格式上的安排被称之为（ A）。

A、公文体式B、公文文种C、公文要素D、公文归档.4 、公文具有的其它任何文献形式无法替代的功能是（C ）。

A、执行性B、强制性C、权威性D、凭证性5 、党政机关中，非同一系统的机关之间构成（C ）。

A、领导与被领导关系B、平行关系C、一般关系D、指导关系6 、我国封建社会文书工作的确立时期是（B）。

A、夏商时期B、春秋时期C、战国时期D、秦汉时期7、公文撰写者的政治素养，最主要的是学习（A）。

A、马克思主义理论B、逻辑知识C、业务理论D、能力训练8 、公文格式中，属于主体部分的是(B )。

A、发文字号B、成文日期C、注释D、份号9 、公文的结尾，通常采用下述形式（C）。

A、交代制发公文的根据与目的B、直接点明结论C、以阐明制发此文的原因D、发出号召，提出希望与要求E、表示敬意、谢意10、以下有关公文的说法错误的有（D）。

A、公文的基本组成部分有：标题、正文、作者、日期、印章或签署、主题词B、通用公文，又称行政公文，指各类机关普遍使用的文件，如请示、报告、函等C、通知的作者广泛，不受机关性质与级别层次的限制D、函为不相隶属机关间相互往来的正式公文，对受文者的行为没有强制性影响11 、分办的实质是为文件确定（B ）。

A、接受公文的对象B、运转方向C、处理的程序D、工作的主要依据12 、公文的作者是指（A）。

A、撰稿人B、审核人C、签发人D、发文机关13 、联合行文时，作者应是（A）。

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南京大学网络教育学院“西方文化（公共选修）”课程期末试卷提示：文档直接在学生平台提交阅读以下节选，回答问题：要求：结合本学期所学内容、对西方文化的全面认识以及个人的生活体验，思路活跃，结构清晰，独立思考，请勿抄袭。

我初到香港时，住在一个曲径通幽的旧山村，村民爱养猫，满村是猫，人称隔猫村。

邻里有个十五岁光景的女孩子，叫Yukineo 一天我用余食喂猫，有两只小猫来食。

一只干瘦，长得不好看，一只长得圆润，特别好看。

我驱赶长得不好看的小猫，想只让长得好看的小猫食，不料被Yukine看见了。

Yukine趴在围墙上对我说：“我刚学英文时，不懂lam born是什么意思。

'我出生了 ' ？中文的动词是主动态，英文是被动态，直译成中文应该是'我被出生了'。

我觉得英文的意思对。

我的生命起点不在我自己手里，不是由我决定的。

我不能决定我的身体的美或丑、我的心性的明朗或忧暗、我的意志的坚韧或软弱，我自己的诞生完全是偶然的造化，不是我出生了自己，而是我被岀生了。

我读的语文课本中有儒家的道德命令：'修身齐家治国平天下’。

这充满主动态的九个字令我好生恐惧，觉得像我这样生性弱小的人的生活希望被剥夺了。

这样的道德命令没有给被出生就生性脆弱的人有自己的生活想象的余地，比如我天生就没有修身齐家的能力。

在这九个字的道德命令面前，丑小猫没有能力去践行一种主动态的道德生活，只有自己倒霉，只有暗自哭泣。

丑小猫倒霉全因为自己如此被出生了，它活该？谁会给丑小猫带来安慰？”（摘自刘晓枫《沉重的肉身》）1、结合本学期所学的内容，谈谈西方文化是如何解决小女孩提出的问题的？答：作者主要是站在伦理学的角度从叙事纬语上讲述两位现代叙事大家一一克日什托夫・基耶斯洛夫斯基和米兰・昆德拉的同中有异的伦理观和叙事策略，探讨了现代人艰难的生存处境和心理状态。

Chapter 1 The First Civilizations 1) Otzi?s life was a good example of the human experience inA)the Stone Age.B)central Greece.C)what is now modern Turkey.D)Italy.E)the Iron Age.2)The first humanlike creatures, such as Lucy, may haveA) survived for less than onemillion years.B) engaged in agriculture.C) displayed the brain capacity of modern humans.D)utilized simple tools.E)had large, developed brains.3)The Neanderthal had all of the following characteristics EXCEPTA) the ability to use tools.B) burial customs.C) a range of distribution covering Africa,Europe, and Asia.D) a smaller brain than other Homo sapiens.E)success surviving in the last greatice age.4) The practice of staying put and exploiting various sources of food instead of constantly traveling is calledA)oriental despotism.B)slash - and - burn aquaculture.C)pastoral nomadism.D)broad - spectrum gathering.E)pastoralism.5)Sedentary communities led to all of the following EXCEPT which one?A) Decrease in infant mortalityB) Development of politicalleadership C) Reduction in populationD) Expansion of agricultureE) Longer life spans6)Which of the following was an earlyagricultural settlement in the Middle East?A)NinevehB)RomeC)JerichoD)BabylonE)Constantinople7) The statement that the Agricultural Revolution was portable means thatA)nomadic societies were eliminatedin all parts of the globe.B)Neolithic society became less sedentary.C)the knowledge and technology of agriculture could be easily transported from one place to another.D)agricultural sites had to be located near rivers.E)sedentary societies had to continueto move for survival.8) Which of the following is NOT true of the ecology of Mesopotamia?A) The south has both adequate rain andgood soil.B) The north has adequate rain butpoor soil.C)Agriculture is impossible without irrigation.D)Improper irrigation results in the deposit of alkaloids in the soil.E)Uruk and other early cities werelinked with irrigation.9) Which of the following do theauthors suggest was the primary causeof urbanization in the south ofA) The need to concentrate the population in order to carry out the extensive irrigation of the regionB)The concentration of animal husbandry in the regionC)Egyptian influenceD)The availability of importedfood suppliesE) The possibility of year- roundreproduction and mating10) Around 3500 B.C.E., the first civilization was established in theregion of Mesopotamia calledA)Assyria.B)Phoenicia.C)Angkor - Wat.D)Sumer.E)Egypt.11)Which of the following was NOT oneof the major Sumerian cities around the time of 3000B.C.E.?A)Lagash （苏美尔城邦。

第一章古希腊罗马文化第一节1、如何认识古希腊文明的时间跨度和空间范围？（1）、地域范围：古代希腊的概念是一个大希腊的概念，包括希腊本土、小亚细亚和西亚沿海地区、南意大利地区，甚至伊比利亚半岛和北非。

（2）、时间跨度：古代希腊文化包括三个发展阶段：A、克里特－迈锡尼时代的文化（公元前26－前12世纪）黑暗时代（公元前12－前8世纪）B、希腊城邦时代的文化（公元前8－前4世纪）C、希腊化时代的文化（公元前4－前2世纪）2、赫西俄德的《神谱》具有什么文化学意义?从文化学角度来看，赫西俄德的《神谱》具有两方面的重要意义：第一，它通过神系的生殖原则反映了一种朴素的宇宙起源论和自然演化观；第二，它蕴含着一种自我否定为动力的社会进化思想。

从第一方面来看，希腊神话的神谱不仅仅是神的家族史，同时也反映了希腊人的宇宙生成观，神的衍生和交替也就是自然过程的发生和演进。

这种通过神系的生殖原则来说明宇宙起源和自然演化过程的神话思维图景，构成了哲学和科学产生之前人们唯一的世界观。

从第二方面来看，以内在的自我否定作为神系延续和发展的契机是希腊神话的又一个基本特征。

这种维持神系更新和发展的自我否定机制使希腊神话表现出一种新陈代谢的社会进化思想，而在背后决定着诸神的兴衰泰否的就是那个不出场的“命运”。

这种通过“命运”的“看不见之手”来实现神系更迭和自然进化的思想，构成了希腊神话中最深刻的思想，同时也成为整个西方文化在漫长的历史过程中不断实现自我否定和自我超越的形而上的动力。

第二节1、希腊神话的“神人同形同性”特点反映了什么样的文化精神？第一,反映了对现实生活的珍视,这是希腊宗教和希腊文化的一个显著特点.希腊人的神是人性的神,希腊人的宗教是人性的宗教.使得希腊人带有很强烈的人文主义精神.第二,自然崇拜和感觉主义构成了最基本的特征.自然崇拜主要表现对人的自然形体的崇拜,感觉主义则主要表现对美的事物和现实生活的热爱.第三,”神人同形同性”特点反映了希腊和谐之美的文化精神,这一精神成为西方人心中失落而难以复返的精神家园,滋润着被种种功利要求、上帝呼唤和道德命令折磨得疲惫不堪的灵魂的清纯之泉。