阅读理解（三）1、A Competitive SportCheerleadingOver th e years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don’t use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.1.What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?A.To compare skills of participants.B.To make the audience feel amused.C.To attract more people to watch events.D.To cheer up the competitors on the court.2.The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.A.examinebineC.identifyD.replace3.We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ______.cks necessary guidelines to followB.enjoys greater popularity than other sportsC.requires more designed actions than gymnasticsD.has a relatively high rate of damage to the body4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionA.B.C.D.2、Black Friday is just a week away, an annual tradition in which holiday shoppers rush to the supermarkets and malls. Most shoppers pack stores to buy things at a discount. For some, however, shopping is less of a pastime and more of an addiction. These people have compulsive(强迫性的) shopping disorder, a condition filled with debt and regret.While it's true that many lack money and credit management skills, what these shoppers are often looking for is a “buy high”,an emotional rush to put themselves in a better mood, found San Francisco S tate University researchers in 2013. These types of shoppers often hold materialistic values. When under stress, materialistic shoppers are more likely to shop compulsively.Rather than providing any social or emotional outlet(发泄出口),the extreme stress-induced purchases only increase anxiety and lower well-being, and materialistic shoppers already tend to have lower self-esteem than others to begin with.In fact, it’s exactly at low moments that materialistic shoppers are most likely to shop for expensive items, and they're more likely to make those purchases on credit. This of course can create a vicious cycle, in which a materialistic shoppers with low self-esteem buys a luxury item he or she cannot afford in an effort to improve sense of self. The financial burden can cause stress and strain relationships over the issue of money, further affecting the mood of the shopper and leading to more spending to try to regain a sense of self-worth.Symptoms of shopping addiction include constant thoughts about shopping, buying to improve the mood and inability to change behavior.There are treatment options for those with compulsive shopping disorder, which may include medication. Other recommendations include shopping with a friend, getting rid of credit cards and above all, developing meaningful hobbies.1.What do you learn about Black Friday?A.Many shops have special offers.B.Customers can enjoy leisure time.C.Shoppers can get free products.D.Shoppers spend much money on useless things.2.According to the passage, the extreme stress-induced purchases _____.A.provide an emotional outletB.make people more anxiousC.regain people’s confidenceD.improve management skills3.When are materialistic shoppers most likely to shop for expensive items?A.When they are delighted.B.When they are excited.C.When they are inspired.D.When they are depressed.4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important treatment option?A.Taking chemical medicine.B.Shopping with a friend.C.Developing meaningful hobbies.D.Getting rid of credit cards.3、Is dark chocolate healthy? Yes,dark chocolate has compounds(化合物) that offer health benefits and can be enjoyed without guilt, even on a daily basis. But the amount matters, since too many bites can contribute to extra fat, sugar and calories and get rid of its health benefits.Dark chocolate is rich in cocoa, which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pressure and the risk of diabetes. Dark chocolate has the highest amount of cocoa flavanols: milk chocolate has lens, and white chocolate has none.But while cocoa flavanols in dark chocolate make it a healthful treat they give it a biter flavor. Producers may process chocolate to make it more delicious, but doing so can remove some of these beneficial compounds,said Matt Hartings, an American professor. In spite of this,dark chocolate is still a healthier choice than milk chocolate, which tends to have more sugar. Additionally, cocoa powder contains minerals. So you can enjoy a piece of dark chocolate even after a meal. Just keep the following in mind.First, buy chocolate that has at least 60% cocoa. "Generally speaking,the higher the percentage, the more flavanols. These higher-percentage chocolates have the added benefit over the lower percentages and milk and white chocolates because they contain less sugar and less fat,” Hartings said.Second, if possible, choose natural cocoa over Dutch processed cocoa, which is treated with an alkali(碱). This gives chocolate a milder flavor but removes healthful flavanols.And finally, to keep weight in check, limit to 30 grams of dark chocolate daily, or about 150 calories.1.Dark chocolate is healthy mainly because of the existence of _______.A.rich mineralsB.less sugarC.cocoa flavanolsD.fewer calories2.What does the underlined word “treat” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Something enjoyable.B.A salt-free diet.C.Food paid by others.D.A cure for an illness.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Cocoa flavanols leads to high blood pressure.B.White chocolate is good for health.C.One can feel free to eat dark chocolate.D.Alkali can affect flavanols’ content.4.Wha t’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love for dark chocolate..B.To promote the sales of chocolate.C.To provide facts about dark chocolate.D.To make a distinction among chocolates.4、On a cool morning, Wilson Kasaine heads out along a dirt path in southernKenya. His calmness makes it easy to forget that he’s tracking one of the most dangerous animals in the world. Kasaine is tracking lions—especially one lion called Marti, who is the real-life Lion King of Selenkay Conservancy.Tracking lions on foot may sound like a death wish, but Kasaine has been doing it for most of his life. Born into a traditional Maasai family he quickly grew to understand the beauty and danger of wildlife. Living with big wild animals forces him to develop a good sense of where they have been and where they may be going. During his12-kilometer walks to and from school, he learned how to tell the pawprints (爪印)of a lion from those of other animals.Growing up, Kasaine knew that improving his tracking abilities would help him avoid surprise meetings with dangerous animals. For many Maasai, tracking is mainly a matter of self-protection. But Kasaine is tracking lions to meet them and to protect them. He leads a small group of wide-eyed tourists over the red sandy path, searching for the lion that has left upon it his prints.Each year, thousands of tourists crowdKenya’s national parks to try to have a look at the "big five”; elephants, rhinoceros, leopards, buffaloes and lions. The international d raw of these animals matters a lot because the nation’s economy is tied to the protection of its wildlife. If Kenya’s wildlife disappears, so does its second-largest source of income.Wildlife protection efforts in Kenya meant marking off land exclusively(专门地)for animals. But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into smaller surrounding areas, They are also finding it increasingly hard to keep a traditional Maasai lifestyle. But people are glad that it really makes a difference to wildlife protection.1.How did Kasaine track lions?A.By working together with tourists.B.By running after them all the time.C.By going to school every day.D.By studying their paw prints.2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A.Maasai people are born animal lovers.B.Tourism is a big threat toKenya’s wildlife.C.Kenya benefits a lot from its wildlife protection.D.Small animals are not included in their protection policy.3.What does the underlined word "it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.Kenya’s economic development.B.Kenyan people’s traditional Maasai lifestyle.C.Kenya’s second-largest income source.D.People’s leaving their original homes.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Wildlife protection inKenyaB.Meeting a dangerous animalC.Wilson Kasaine’s wise choiceD.Learning to live with lions5、Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone.Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. " It opens your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfortable zone," Wegscheider said. She has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you when you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He said he wished he had traveled alone earlier. "The people you meet,the places you visit,or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person, said the 30-year-old man. Richardson describes traveling alone as ua sho t in the arm”, which makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything. He said, “ The feeling of having conquered something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I'm dealing with a difficult task. I walk around withmy head up because I know that nothing is impossible if I try. ”The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said,Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness."1.Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?A.Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone.B.It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries.C.It is comfortable to travel around without a friend.D.Traveling abroad helps people to find new things.2.Traveling alone is challenging because_______________.A.you have to make things on your ownB.it is hard for you to prove yourself to othersC.you can only depend on yourself whatever happensD.it will finally build your character3.What can we infer about Chris Richardson?A.He started traveling alone at an early age.B.He was once shot in the arm.C.He used to work as a salesman.D.His website inspires others a lot.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.Travel AbroadB.Travel UnaccompaniedC.Travel LightD.Travel Wide and Far6、Dream in HeartOn the first day of school our professor introduced a new classmate—a wrinkled little old lady—to us. Her name was Rose, and she was eighty-seven years old.After class Rose and I walked to the Student Union Building and shared a chocolate milk-shake. She told me she always dreamed of having a college education and now she was getting one. We became instant friends. Every day for the following months, we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted, listening to this “ time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.Rose became famous and easily made friends wherever she went. She tended to be highly motivated,responsible, and deeply involved in class participation. In spare time she had someone hang out or go to bars with. She even participated in some form of athletic activity. She said that extra-curricular activities can form a vital part of her experience, creating unique chances for friendship and learning.At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football meal. A little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “ I’ m sorry I’ m so nervous.” As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began, “ Wedo not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you’ re nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year, you will turn twenty. If I’ m eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year, I will turn eighty-e ight. Anybody can grow older. It’ snon-optional but that doesn’ t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the chance in change. In this way the elderly don’ t have regrets for what they did, but rather for things they did not do.” Rose concluded her speech by courageously singing “ The Rose” . She challenged us to study the words of the song and lived them out in daily lives.At the year’ s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week aft er graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in honor of the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’ s never too late to be all you can possibly be.1.Why does the author compare Rose to “ time machine” in Paragraph 2?A.To stress her old age and knowledge of life.B.To describe the close friendship between them.C.To show that she always enjoyed her active life.D.To explain why she took on a challenge in college.2.Rose was invited to speak at the football meal most probably because ______.A.she was a great football fanB.she was the smartest studentC.she tried hard to achieve her dreamD.she became more educated than the others3.We can learn that Rose agreed with the idea that ______.A.growing older means growing upB.it takes talent and ability to grow upC.receiving high education helps to be courageousD.one grows older at the same time when he grows up4.The passage is intended to ______.A.provide an example for the elderlyB.discuss how to grow up quicklyC.tell the importance of attending collegeD.inspire the readers to live up to lives7、Jane Austen, a famous English writer, was born at Steventon, Hampshire, on December 16, 1775, and died on July 18, 1817. She began writing early in life, although the prejudices of her times forced her to have her books published anonymously ( 匿名).But Jane Austen is perhaps the best known and best loved of Bath's many famous local people and visitors. She paid two long visits here during the last five years of the eighteenth century and from 1801 to 1806, Bath was her home. Her deep knowledge of the city is fully seen in two of her novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, which are largely set in Bath. The city is still very much as Jane Austen knew it, keeping in its streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described so well in her novels. Now the pleasure of learning Jane Austen's Bath can be enhanced (增强)by visiting the Jane Austen Centre in Gay Street. Here, in a Georgian town house in the heart of the city, you can find out more about Bath in Jane Austen's time and the importance of Bath in her life and work.The Centre has been set up with the help and guidance of members of the Jane Austen Society. After your visit to the Centre, you can look round the attractive shop, which offers a huge collection of Jane Austen related books, cards and many specially designed gifts. Jane Austen quizzes are offered to keep the children busy.You can also have walking tours of Jane Austen's Bath, which is a great way to find out more about Jane Austen and discover the wonderful Georgian city of Bath. The tour lasts about one and a half hours. The experienced guides will take you to the places where Jane lived, walked and shopped.1.Jane Austen paid two long visits to Bath________.A.in her early twentiesB.in her early teensC.in her late twentiesD.in her late teens2.What can we learn about Bath from the passage?A.Bath has greatly changed since Jane Austen's death.B.The city has changed as much as Jane Austen knew it.C.Bath remains almost the same as in Jane Austen's time.D.No changes have taken place in Bath since Jane Austen's time.3.The author writes this passage in order to________.A.attract readers to visit the city of BathB.ask readers to buy Austen's booksC.tell readers about Jane Austen's experienceD.give a brief introduction to the Jane Austen Society4.It takes you about one and a half hours________.A.to get to the Jane Austen Centre in Gay StreetB.to buy Jane Austen related books, cards and giftsC.to find a guide to take you to the CentreD.to look around the city of Bath on foot8、Greg Woodburn, a student at the University of Southern California, spends a lot of time cleaning sneakers he collected. But soon the shoes will be sent to poor children in the United States and 20 other countries,thanks to Woodburn's Share Our Soles (S.O.S.) charity.A high school track star in the town of Ventura, California,Woodburn was treated in hospital for months with knee and hip injuries.“I started thinking about the health benefits, the friendship and the confidence I got from running,” he says,“And I realized there are children who don’t even have shoes."Woodburn gathered up his old sneakers, then asked his friends to donate. His goal was to have 100 pairs by Christmas that year.When he collected more than 500 pairs, he decided to turn the shoe drive into a year-round endeavor.Back then, the sneakers came from donation boxes at the YMCA and the local sporting goods store and from door-to-door pickups. Woodburn has now set up collection boxes at two high schools, a city gym and a recreation centre. He has started accepting adult sizes and sandals. So far, S. O. S has collected and donated more than 3,000 pairs.Woodburn has cleaned all the shoes. After sorting the shoes by size, Woodburn selects the good shoes for the washing machine and the worn-out ones for recycling.To ship the footwear,Woodburn teamed with Sports Gift, a nonprofit organization that provides soccer and baseball equipment to children around the world. Keven Baxter, founder and president, says, “We’d send kids balls and shoes. I've heard that for many of these kids,these old sneakers are the only shoes they had. They wear them to school and to do sports.So Greg's running shoes were a nice addition for us.”For many recipients, the shoes represent opportunity. Two young hoys in Southern California attended school on alternate days because they shared a pair of shoes. They were too big for one boy and too small for the other.Thanks to S. O. S., each brother received his own pair of shoes. The boys now attend school daily and enjoy their learning. When they graduate, they say, they will help a stranger, just as Woodburn helped them.1.What caused Greg Woodburn to donate old shoes for poor children?A.The benefits from playing sports.B.News about some poor children.C.His memory of school life.D.The medical treatment he received.2.When collecting more sneakers than expected, Woodburn decided to _________.A.include adult sizes and sandalsB.set up branches in different citiesC.collect shoes throughout the yearD.expand his endeavor in the whole city3.How did Woodburn manage to deliver the shoes collected?A.By sending them by mail.B.By working with Sports Gift.C.By advertising for those in need.D.By offering them from door to door.4.What can we learn from Keven Baxter’s remarks?A.Sports Gift is popular around the world.B.Many children need Greg’s old sneakers.C.Greg's running shoes are the best gifts for children.D.International organizations should provide more help.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C解析：1.细节理解题。
