组织学与胚胎学-组培-英语词汇表-双语

Chapter1 绪论组织学histology组织Tissue器官organ上皮组织Epithelial Tissue结缔组织Connective Tissue肌组织Muscular Tissue神经组织Nervous Tissue一样化学显微技术LM / light microscope石蜡切片法Paraffin sectioning苏木精Hematoxylin伊红Eosin电镜技术EM / electron microscope透射电镜transmission election microscope扫描电镜scanning electron microscope组织化学术Histochemistry 细胞化学术Cytochemistry 免疫细胞化学术Immunocytochemistry原位杂交In Situ Hybridization组织培育技术Tissue Culture组织工程Tissue EngineeringChapter2 上皮组织上皮组织epithelial tissue极性polarity单层扁平上皮Simple squamous epithelium内皮endothelium间皮mesothelium单层立方上皮simple cuboidal epithelium单层柱状上皮simple columnar epithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮Pseudostratified siliated columnar epithelium 复层扁平上皮Stratified squamous epithelium变移上皮transitional epithelium复层柱状上皮stratified columnar epithelium腺上皮glandular epithelium腺gland导管duct微绒毛microvillus纤毛cilium紧密连接tight junction中间连接intermediate junction 粘着小带zonula adherens桥粒desmosome 黏着斑macula adherens裂缝连接gap junction 通信连接communication junction基膜basement membrane半桥粒hemidesmosome质膜内褶plasma membrane infoldingChapter3 结缔组织间充质mesenchyme疏松结缔组织loose connective tissue成纤维细胞fibroblast巨噬细胞macrophage浆细胞plasma cell肥大细胞mast cell脂肪细胞fat cell未分化的间充质细胞undifferentiated mesenchymal cell 白细胞white blood cell纤维fiber胶原纤维collagenous fiber弹性纤维elastic fiber网状纤维reticular fiber基质ground substance纤维粘连蛋白fibranectin组织液tissue fluid致密结缔组织dense connective tissue脂肪组织adipose tissue网状组织reticular tissueChapter4 血液血清serum红细胞erythrocyte / red blood cell白细胞leukocytes / white blood cell / WBC中性粒细胞neutophilic granulocyte嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophilic granulocyte / Eosinophils 嗜碱性粒细胞basophilic graulocyte / basophil血小板blood plateletChapter5 软骨和骨软骨cartilage软骨细胞chondrocyte软骨基质cartilage matrix软骨囊cartilage capsule骨组织osus tissue骨板bone lamella骨祖细胞osteoprogenitor cell成骨细胞osteoblast骨细胞osteocyte破骨细胞osterclast骨外膜periosteum骨内膜endosteumChapter6 肌组织肌组织Muscle tissue肌膜sarcolemma肌浆sarcoplasm骨骼肌skeletal muscle肌原纤维myofibril肌节carcomere粗肌丝thick filament细肌丝thin filament横小管transverse tubule肌浆网sarcoplasmic reticulum纵小管longitudinal tubule终池terminal cisternae三联体triad心肌cardiac muscle滑腻肌smooth muscleChapter7 神经组织神经细胞nerve cell神经元Neuron神经胶质Neuroglial cell神经胶质细胞Neuroglial cell神经元Neuron(nerve cell)尼氏体nissl body神经原纤维neurofibril树突dendrite轴突axon星形胶质细胞astrocyte血脑屏障blood brain barrier神经纤维nerve fiber有髓神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber神经末梢nerve ending运动神经末梢motor nerve ending突触synapse化学突触chemical synapseChapter10 循环系统被膜capsule皮质cortex髓质medulla心内膜endocardium心肌膜myocardium心外膜epicardium起搏细胞pacemaker cell移行细胞transitional cell蒲肯野纤维Purkinji fiber内膜tunica intima内皮Endothelium中膜Tunica Media外膜Tunica Adventitia外弹性膜external elastic membrane动脉Artery中动脉medium-sized artery小动脉small artery微动脉arteriole毛细血管capillary持续毛细血管Continuous capillary有孔毛细血管Fenestrated capillary血窦sinusoid静脉VeinChapter11 皮肤角质形成细胞kerationocyte基底层stratum basale棘层stratum spinosum颗粒层stratum granulosum透明层stratum lueidum角质层stratum corneum角质细胞horny cell黑素细胞melanocyte真皮dermis乳头层papillary layer网织层reticular layer皮下组织hypodermis毛hair皮脂腺sebaceous gland汗腺sweat glandChapter12 免疫系统免疫系统Immune System要紧组织相容性复合分子major histocompatibility complex molecules / MHC 淋巴细胞lymphocyteT细胞T lymphocyteB细胞B lymphocyte抗原提呈细胞antigen presenting cell树突状细胞dendritic cell DC淋巴组织lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织duffuse lymphoid tissue淋巴小结lymphoid nodule小结帽cap中枢淋巴器官central lymphoid organ胸腺thymus薄层结缔组织被膜capsule皮质cortex胸腺细胞thymocyte髓质medulla胸腺小体thymic corpuscle胸腺屏障blood-thymus barrier淋巴结lymph node副皮质区paracortex zone胸腺依托区thymus dependent area皮质淋巴窦cortical sinus髓质medulla髓索medullary sinus髓窦medullary sinus脾spleen白髓white pulp动脉周围淋巴鞘periarteriallymphatic sheath 红髓red pulp脾索splenic cord脾血窦splenic sinus扁桃体tonsilChapter13 内分泌系统内分泌系统Endocrine system甲状腺thyroid gland滤泡上皮细胞Follicular epithelial cell甲状腺激素Thyroid hormone克汀病Cretins降钙素calcitonin生长抑素somatostatin甲状旁腺激素parathyroid hormone主细胞Chief cell嗜酸性细胞Oxyphil cell球状带Zona glomerulosa束状带Zona fasciculata网状带Zona reticularis盐皮质激素Mineralocorticoid醛固酮Aldosterone糖皮质激素Glucocorticoid雄激素androgy远侧部Pars distalis生长激素细胞STH somatotroph催乳激素细胞PRL mammotroph促甲状腺激素细胞TSH thyrotroph促性腺激素细胞gonadotroph促肾上腺皮质激素细胞corticotroph生长激素细胞Somatotroph分泌生长激素Growth hormone催乳激素细胞Mammotroph催乳素Prolaction/PRL中间部Pars intermedia结节部Pars tuberalis黑素细胞刺激素细胞melanotroph垂体细胞pituicyte赫令体Herring body催产素Oxytocin抗利尿激素Antidiuretic hormone/ADH激素催产素Oxytocin, OT血管加压素vasopressin, VP抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone,ADHChapter14 消化管消化管Digestive Tract粘膜Tunica mucosa上皮epithelium固有层Lamina propria粘膜肌层Muscularis mucosa 粘膜基层submucosa肌层Tunica muscularis外膜adventitia纤维膜fibrosa浆膜serosa食管esophagus胃stomach胃小凹Gastric pit胃底腺Gastric gland壁细胞parietal cell主细胞chief cell颈粘液细胞neck mucous cell 内分泌细胞endocrine cell未分化细胞undifferentiated cell 泌酸细胞oxyntic cell贲门腺Cardiac gland幽门腺Pyloric gland小肠small intestine潘氏细胞Paneth cell大肠Large intestine阑尾appendixChapter15 消化腺消化腺Digestive Gland腺泡alveolus浆液性腺泡Serous alveolus粘液性腺泡Mucous alveolus混合性腺泡Mixed alveolus导管duct闰管Intercalated duct纹状管Striated duct舌下腺Sublingual gland胰腺pancreas泡心细胞centroacinar cell胰岛pancreatic islet肝Liver肝小叶hepatic lobule肝细胞hepatocyte肝血窦Hepatic sinusoid窦周隙Disse 隙胆小管Bile canaliculus胆囊gall bladderChapter16 呼吸系统呼吸系统respiratory system纤毛细胞ciliated cell杯状细胞goblet cell刷细胞brush cell小颗粒细胞small granule cell细支气管bronchiole终末细支气管terminal bronchiole克拉拉细胞Clara cell呼吸性细支气管respiratory bronchiole肺泡管alveolar duct肺泡囊alveolar sac肺泡pulmonary alreoli肺泡隔alveolar septum肺巨噬细胞pulmonary macrophage尘细胞dust cell肺泡孔alveolar pore气血屏障blood-air barrierChapter17 泌尿系统Chapter18 男性生殖系统男性生殖系统Male reproductive system精原细胞spermatogonium低级精母细胞primary spermatocyte次级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte精子细胞spermatid精子形成spermiogenesis精子spermatozoon睾丸间质细胞Leydig细胞Chapter19 女性生殖系统女性生殖系统Female reproductive system卵巢ovary原始卵泡primordial follicle低级卵泡primary follicle透明带zona pellucida放射冠corona radiata卵泡膜follicular theca透明带zona pellucida次级卵泡secondary follicle卵丘cumulus oophorus内膜层Theca interna外膜层Theca externa成熟卵泡mature follicle排卵ovulation黄体corpus luteum颗粒黄体细胞Theca lutein cell膜黄体细胞Granular lutein cell闭锁卵泡atretic follicle间质腺Interstitial gland子宫uterus内膜endometrium肌层myometrium外膜perimetrium月经周期menstrual cycle月经期menstrual phase增生期proliferative phase分泌期secretory phaseChapter20 胚胎学绪论胚胎学embryology胎儿fetusChapter21 胚胎发生总论受精fertilization精子获能capacitation受精卵zygote卵裂球blastomere胚泡blastocyst植入implantation上胚层epiblast下胚层hypoblast中胚层mesoderm内胚层endoderm外胚层ectoderm绒毛膜chorion羊膜amnion脐带umbilical cord胎盘placenta人绒毛膜促性腺激素HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin 孪生twins先本性畸形congenital malformation致畸因子teratogen致畸灵敏期susceptible periodChapter22 颜面和四肢的发生唇裂cleft lip腭裂cleft palateChapter23 消化系统和呼吸系统的发生麦克尔憩室Meckels’ diverticulum先本性脐疝congenital umbilical herniaChapter24泌尿系统和生殖系统的发生多囊肾polycystic kidney异位肾ectopic kidney马蹄肾horseshoe kidney肾缺如agenesis of kidney膀胱外翻Extrophy of bladder睾丸决定因子testis-determining factor尿道下裂Hypospadia雄激素不灵敏综合征Androgen insensitivity syndrome泌尿系统Urinary system。

主校区《组织学与胚胎学》57学时、72学时教学复习要求★《组胚》专业重点英文词汇表（90）●histology（组织学）basophilia（嗜碱性）acidophilia（嗜酸性）。

●epithelial tissue（上皮组织）endothelium（内皮）microvilli（微绒毛）cilia（纤毛）desmosome（桥粒）gap junction（缝隙连接）basement membrane （基膜）。

●connective tissue（结缔组织）fibroblast（成纤维细胞）macrophage（巨噬细胞）plasma cell（浆细胞） mast cell（肥大细胞）。

●cartilage tissue（软骨组织）osseous tissue（骨组织）osteoid（类骨质）osteoblast（成骨细胞）osteoclast（破骨细胞）osteon（骨单位）。

●erythrocyte（红细胞）reticulocyte（网织红细胞）leukocyte（白细胞）lymphocyte（淋巴细胞）monocyte（单核细胞）hemopoietic stem cell（造血干细胞）。

●muscular tissue（肌组织）sarcomere（肌节）myofilament（肌丝）sarcoplasmic reticulum（肌浆网））intercalated disk（闰盘）。

●nerve tissue（神经组织）neuron（神经元）neuroglial cell（神经胶质细胞）Nissl body（尼氏体）neurofibril（神经原纤维）chemical synapse （化学性突触）blood-brain barrier（血脑屏障）。

●muscular artery（肌性动脉）elastic artery（弹性动脉）capillary（毛细血管）sinusoid（血窦）。

主校区《组织学与胚胎学》57学时、72学时教学复习要求★《组胚》专业重点英文词汇表（90）●histology（组织学）basophilia（嗜碱性）acidophilia（嗜酸性）。

●epithelial tissue（上皮组织）endothelium（内皮）microvilli（微绒毛）cilia （纤毛）desmosome（桥粒）gap junction（缝隙连接）basement membrane （基膜）。

●connective tissue（结缔组织）fibroblast（成纤维细胞）macrophage（巨噬细胞）plasma cell（浆细胞）mast cell（肥大细胞）。

●cartilage tissue（软骨组织）osseous tissue（骨组织）osteoid（类骨质）osteoblast（成骨细胞）osteoclast（破骨细胞）osteon（骨单位）。

●erythrocyte（红细胞）reticulocyte（网织红细胞）leukocyte（白细胞）lymphocyte（淋巴细胞）monocyte（单核细胞）hemopoietic stem cell（造血干细胞）。

●muscular tissue（肌组织）sarcomere（肌节）myofilament（肌丝）sarcoplasmic reticulum（肌浆网））intercalated disk（闰盘）。

●nerve tissue（神经组织）neuron（神经元）neuroglial cell（神经胶质细胞）Nissl body（尼氏体）neurofibril（神经原纤维）chemical synapse（化学性突触）blood-brain barrier（血脑屏障）。

●muscular artery（肌性动脉）elastic artery（弹性动脉）capillary（毛细血管）sinusoid（血窦）。

●lymphoid tissue（淋巴组织）lymphoid nodule（淋巴小结）blood-thymus barrier （血-胸腺屏障）paracortical zone（副皮质区）periarterial lymphatic sheath （动脉周围淋巴鞘）。

组织学与胚胎学组织学 histology胚胎学 embryology细胞外基质 extracellular matrix石蜡切片术 paraffin sectioning苏木精-伊红染色法 hematoxylin-eosin staining组织化学 histochemistry免疫组织化学 immunohistochemistry组织培养 cell culture组织工程 tissue engineering上皮 epithelium内皮 endothelium间皮 mesothelium外分泌腺 exocrine gland内分泌腺 endocrine gland腺泡 acinus浆液性细胞 serous cell粘液性细胞 mucous cell浆半月 serous demilune微绒毛 microvillus纤毛 cilium桥粒 desmosome连接复合体 junctional complex基膜 basement membrane基板 basal lamina网板 reticular lamina疏松结绨组织 loose connective tissue结缔组织 connective tissue固有结缔组织 connective tissue proper间充质 mesenchyme成纤维细胞 fibroblast纤维细胞 fibrocyte巨噬细胞 macrophage浆细胞 plasma cell肥大细胞 mast cell间充质细胞 mesenchymal胶原纤维 collagenous fiber弹性纤维 elastic fiber网状纤维 reticular fiber基质 ground substance脂肪组织 adipose tissue网状组织 reticular tissue血浆 plasma血清 serum芮氏染色 wright staining红细胞 erythrocyte,red blood cell血红蛋白 hemoglobin,Hb红细胞膜骨架 erythrocyte membrane skeleton溶血 hemolysis网织红细胞 reticulocyte白细胞 leukocyte,white blood cell中性粒细胞 neutrophilic granulocyte,neutrophil 嗜天青颗粒 azurophilic granule特殊颗粒 specific granule嗜碱性颗粒 basophilic granule单核细胞 monocyte淋巴细胞 lymphocyte血小板 blood platelet骨髓 bone marrow造血干细胞 hemopoietic stem cell多能干细胞 multipotential stem cell软骨组织 cartilage tissue软骨细胞 chondrocyte软骨陷窝 cartilage lacuna同源细胞群 isogenous group软骨囊 cartilage capsule透明软骨 hyaline cartilage纤维软骨 fibrous cartilage弹性软骨 elastic cartilage成软骨细胞 chondroblast骨组织 osseous tissue骨基质 bone matrix类骨质 osteoid骨板 bone lamella骨祖细胞 osteoprogenitor cell成骨细胞 osteoblast基质小泡 matric vesicle骨细胞 osteocyte骨陷窝 bone lacuna骨小管 bone canaliculus破骨细胞 osteoclast穿通管 perforating canal环骨板 circumferential lamella哈弗斯系统 Haversian system骨单位 osteon骨骼肌 skeletal muscle心肌 cardiac muscle肌原纤维 myofibril肌节 sarcomere肌浆 sarcoplasm肌浆网 sarcoplasmic reticulum闰盘 intercalated disk横小管 transverse tubule纵小管 longitudinal tubule终池 terminal cisternae三联体 triad粗肌丝 thick filament细肌丝 filament神经组织 nervous tissue神经元 neuron神经胶质细胞 neuroglial cell尼氏体 Nissl body神经递质 neurotransmitter神经原纤维 neurofibril树突 dendrite轴突 axon轴膜 axolemma轴浆 axoplasm假单极神经元 pseudounipolar neuron突触 synaptic突触前成分 presynaptic element突触间隙 synaptic cleft突触后成分 postsynaptic element突触后膜 postsynaptic membrane突触前膜 presynaptic membrane突触小体 synaptic knob星形胶质细胞 astrocyte少突胶质细胞 oligodendrocyte室管膜细胞 ependymal cell施万细胞 Schwann cell髓鞘 myelin sheath有髓神经纤维 myelinated nerve fiber 郎飞结 Ranvier node中间体 internode触觉小体 tactile corpuscle环层小体 lamellar corpuscle神经肌连接 neuromuscular junction锥体细胞 pyramidal cell外颗粒层 external granular layer外锥体细胞层 external pyramidal layer 内颗粒层 internal granular layer内锥体细胞 internal pyramidal layer多形细胞层 polymorphic layer浦肯野细胞 Purkinje cell高尔基细胞 Golgi cell攀缘纤维 climbing fiber苔藓纤维 mossy fiber闰绍细胞 Ranshaw cell节细胞 ganglion cell血脑屏障 blood--brain barrier内膜 tunica intima中膜 tunica media外膜 tunica adventitia心内膜 endocardium心外膜 epicardium心肌膜 myocardium微动脉 arteriole微静脉 venule毛细血管 capillary弹性膜 elastic membrane周细胞 pericyte连续毛细血管 continuous capillary有孔毛细血管 fenestrated capillary血窦 sinusoid capillary蒲肯野纤维 Purkinje fiber微循环 microcirculation表皮 epidermis角质形成细胞 keratinocyte基底层 stratum basale棘层 stratum spinosum颗粒层 stratum granulosum透明层 stratum lucidum角质层 stratum corneum黑素细胞 melanocyte朗格汉斯细胞 Langerhans cell真皮 dermis皮脂腺 sebaceous gland汗腺 sweat gland淋巴细胞再循环 recirculation of lymphocyte单核吞噬细胞系统 mononuclear phagocytic system 树突状细胞 dendritic cell弥散淋巴组织 diffuse lymphoid tissue淋巴小结 lymphoid nodule生发中心germinal center胸腺小叶 thymic lobule胸腺细胞 thymocyte血胸屏障 blood--thymus barrier浅层皮质 superficial cortex副皮质区 paracortical zone皮质淋巴窦 cortical sinus髓索 medullary cord髓窦 medullary sinus白髓 white pulp红髓 red pulp动脉周围淋巴鞘 periarterial lymphatic sheath边缘区 marginal zone脾索 splenic cord脾血窦 splenic sinus激素 hormone甲状腺滤泡 thyroid follicle滤泡旁细胞 parafollicular cell束状带 zona fasciculata球状带 zona glomerulosa网状带 zona reticularis嗜铬细胞 chromaffin cell远侧部 pars distalis嗜酸性细胞 acidophil噬碱性细胞 basophil嫌色细胞 chromophobe cell赫令体 herring body促性腺激素细胞 gonadotroph垂体细胞 pituicyte生长激素细胞 somatotroph垂体门脉系统 hypophyseal portal system粘膜 mucosa粘膜下层 submucosa肌层 muscularis外膜 adventitia皱襞 plica浆膜 serosa胃小凹 gastric area胃底腺 fundic gland壁细胞 oxyntic cell主细胞 chief cell细胞内分泌小管 intracellular secretory canaliculus 肠绒毛 intestinal villus吸收细胞 absorptive cell潘氏细胞 Paneth cell十二指肠腺 duodenal gland中央乳糜管 central lacteal消化腺 digestive gland闰管 intercalated duct泡心细胞 centroacinar cell胰岛 pancreas islet肝小叶 hepatic lobule中央静脉 central vein肝细胞 hepatocyte肝板 hepatic plate肝巨噬细胞 Kupffer cell窦周隙 persinusoidal space胆小管 bile canaliculi门管区 portal area呼吸系统 respiratory system气管 trachea刷细胞 brush cell纤维细胞 ciliated cell支气管 bronchus肺 lung呼吸性细支气管 respiratory bronchiole 肺泡管 alveolar duct肺泡囊 alveolar alveoli肺泡 pulmonary alveoli肺泡隔 alveolar septum肺巨噬细胞 pulmonary macrophage气血屏障 blood--air barrier肾单位 nephron髓放线 medullary ray泌尿小管 uriniferous tubule肾小体 renal corpuscle血管球 glomerulus肾小囊 renal capsule肾小管 renal tubule足细胞 podocyte近端小管 proximal tubule远端小管 distal tubule刷状缘 brush border致密斑 macula densa滤过屏障 filtration barrier肾素 renin球旁复合体 juxtaglomerular complex生精小管 seminiferous tubule精子细胞 spermatid精原细胞 spermatogonium精子细胞 spermatogenesis精母发生 spermatocyte精子 spermatozoon生精细胞 spermatogenic cell顶体 acrosome精子形成 spermiogenesis附睾 epididymis支持细胞 Sustentacular cell前列腺 prostate血睾屏障 blood--testis barrier睾丸间质细胞 testicular interstitial cell 雄激素结合蛋白 androgen binding protein 女性生殖系统 female reproductive system 卵巢 vary卵泡 follicle卵原细胞 oogonia初级卵母细胞 primary oocyte次级卵母细胞 secondary oocyte排卵 ovulation卵细胞 ovum透明带 zona pellucida放射冠 corona radiata黄体 uterus子宫 uterus子宫腺 uterine gland乳腺 mammary gland生殖细胞 germ cell配子 gamete获能 capacitation受精 fertilization顶体反应 acrosome reaction透明带反应 zona reaction雄原核 male pronucleus雌原核 female pronucleus受精卵（合子） fertilized ovum (zygote)卵裂 cleavage卵裂球 blastomere桑椹胚 moruia胚泡 blastocyte胚泡腔 blastocoele滋养层 trophoblast内细胞群 inner cell mass植入(着床） implantation(imbed）合体滋养层 syncytiotrophoblast细胞滋养层 cytotrophoblast蜕膜 decidua蜕膜细胞 decidual cell基蜕膜 decidua basalis包蜕膜 decidua capularis壁蜕膜 decidua parietalis胚盘 embryonic disc上胚层 epiblast下胚层 hypoblast体蒂 body stalk原条 primitive steak原结 primitive node原沟 primitive groove原凹 primitive pit胚内中胚层 intraembryonic mesoderm 中胚层 mesoderm外胚层 ectoderm内胚层 endoderm脊索 notochord神经扳 neural plate神经沟 neural groove神经褶 neural fold神经管 neural tube神经嵴 neural crest间充质 mesenchyme轴旁中胚层 paraxial mesoderm间接中胚层 intermediate mesoderm 侧中胚层 lateral mesoderm体壁中胚层 parietal mesoderm脏壁中胚层 visceral mesoderm衣胞 afterbirth胎膜 fetal membrane绒毛膜 chorion羊膜 amnion羊水 amniotic fluid卵黄囊 yolk sac尿囊 allantois脐带 umbilical cord胎盘 placenta胎盘隔 placental septum胎盘膜 placental membrane胎盘屏障 placental barrier双胎 twins多胎 multiplets连体多胎 conjoined twins原始消化管 primitive gut前肠 forgut中肠 hindgut后肠 midgut甲状舌管 thyroglossal duct中肠袢 midgut loop盲肠突 caecal bud脐腔 nmbilical coelom泄殖腔 cloaca尿直肠隔 urorectal septum尿直肠窦 urogenital sinus尿直肠膜 urogenital membrane肛膜 anal membrane肝憩室 hepatic diverticulum腹胰芽 ventral pancreas bud背胰芽 dorsal pancreas bud麦克尔憩室 Meckel’s diverticulum脐粪瘘 nmbilical fistula先天性脐疝 congenital umbilical hernia喉气管沟 laryngotracheal diverticulum肺芽 lung bud气管食管瘘 tracheoesophageal fistula透明膜病 hyaline membrane disease生肾节 nephrotome尿生殖嵴 urogenital ridge中肾嵴 mesonephric ridge生殖腺嵴 genital ridge前肾 pronephros中肾 mesonephros后肾 metanephros中肾管 mesonephric输尿管芽 ureteric bud生后肾组织 metanephrogenic tissue原始生殖细胞 primordial germ cell中身旁细胞 paramesonephric duct血岛 blood island原始心血管系统 primitive cardiovascular system 卵黄动脉 vitelline artery脐动脉 umbilical artery弓动脉 aortic artery总主静脉 common cardinal vein卵黄静脉 xitelline vein脐静脉 umbilical vein围心腔 pericardial coelom生心扳 cardiogenic plate心管 cardiogenic tube心肌外套层 myoepicardial mantle心胶质 cardiac jelly心球 bullus cordis静脉窦 sinus venosus动脉干 truncus arteriosus球室袢 bulboventricular loop房室管 atrioventricular canal心内膜垫 endocardiac cushion卵圆孔 foramen ovale动脉干嵴 truncal ridge球嵴 bulbar ridge主动脉肺动脉隔 aortico-pulmonary septum房间隔缺损 artrial septal defect室间隔缺损 ventricular septal defect法洛四联症 tetralogy of Fallot（注：本资料素材和资料部分来自网络，仅供参考。

组织学与胚胎学英文单词表histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学light microscope 光学显微镜electron microscope 电子显微镜hematoxylin 苏木精eosin 伊红basophil 嗜碱性acidophil 嗜酸性neutrophil 中性histochemistry 组织化学immuno histochemistry 免疫组织化学cell membrane 细胞膜cytoplasm 细胞质organelle 细胞器mitochondria 线粒体Golgi complex 高尔基复合体smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER 滑面内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum RER 粗面内质网microtubule 微管nucleus 细胞核chromosome 染色体epithelium 上皮basement membrane 基底膜microvillus 微绒毛cilium 纤毛endothelium 内皮mesothelium 间皮transitional epithelium 变移上皮intercellular substance 细胞间质junctional complex 连接复合体plasma membrane infolding 质膜内褶duct 导管serous cell 浆液细胞mucous cell 黏液细胞endocrine gland 内分泌腺exocrine gland 外分泌腺mesenchyme 间充质fiber 纤维elastic fiber 弹性纤维collagenous fiber 胶原纤维collagenous fibril 胶原原纤维fibroblast 成纤维细胞macrophage 巨噬细胞plasma cell 浆细胞mast cell 肥大细胞fat cell 脂肪细胞adipose tissue 脂肪组织reticular tissue 网状组织blood 血液lymph 淋巴plasma 血浆erythrocyte 红细胞hemoglobin （Hb）血红蛋白reticulocyte 网织红细胞leucocyte 白细胞neutrophilic granulocyle, neutrophil 中性粒细胞monocyte 单核细胞lymphocyte 淋巴细胞blood platelet 血小板cartilage tissue 软骨组织cartilage lacuna 软骨陷窝perichondrium[ 软骨膜osseous tissue 骨组织bone matrix 骨基质bone lamello 骨板osteocyte 骨细胞bone lacuna 骨陷窝bone canaliculi 骨小管osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteoid 类骨质osteon 骨单位interstitial lamella 间骨板muscle tissue 肌组织skeletal muscle 骨骼肌cardiac muscle 心肌smooth muscle 平滑肌sarcomere 肌节triad 三联体intercalated disk 闰盘neuron 神经元dendrite 树突axon 轴突Nissl body 尼氏体neuroglia cell 神经胶质细胞nerve fiber 神经纤维neurofibril 神经原纤维myelin sheath 髓鞘nervous system 神经系统cortex 皮质medlla 髓质blood-brain barrier 血-脑屏障circulatory system 循环系统tunica intima 内膜tunica media 中膜tunica adventitia 外膜internal elastic membrane 内弹性膜external elastic membrane 外弹性膜muscular artery 肌性动脉capillary 毛细血管sinusoid 血窦small vein 小静脉skin 皮肤epidermis 表皮dermis 真皮hair 毛sweat gland 汗腺lymphoid tissue 淋巴组织lymph node 淋巴结spleen 脾脏white pulp 白髓red pulp 红髓hormone 激素follicle 滤泡pituicyte 垂体细胞zona glomerulosa 球状带zona fasciculata 束状带zona reticularis 网状带digestive tract 消化管mucosa 粘膜lamina propria 固有层muscularis mucosa 粘膜肌层submucosa 粘膜下层gastric gland 胃腺parietal cell 壁细胞intestinal villus 小肠绒毛goblet cell 杯状细胞small intestinal gland 小肠腺digestive gland 消化腺pancreas islet 胰岛hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatic sinusoid 肝血窦Kupffer cell 枯否细胞(肝脏内的巨噬细胞) bile canaliculi 胆小管portal area 门管区respiratory system 呼吸系统trachea 气管lung 肺bronchial tree 支气管树pulmonary lobule 肺小叶bronchiole 细支气管terminal bronchiole 终末细支气管respiratory bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管alveolar duct 肺泡管alveolar sac 肺泡囊pulmonary alveoli 肺泡type I alveolar cell I型肺泡细胞type II alveolar cell II型肺泡细胞alveolar septum 肺泡隔alveolar pore 肺泡孔blood-air barrier 气血屏障urinary system 泌尿系统kidney 肾nephron 肾单位medullary loop 髓袢renal corpuscle 肾小体glomerulus 血管球renal capsule 肾小囊podocyte 足细胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtration barrier 滤过屏障renal tubule 肾小管proximal tubule 近端小管distal tubule 远端小管thin segment 细段collecting tubule 集合小管juxtaglomerular complex 球旁复合体urinary bladder 膀胱seminiferous tubule 生精小管spermatogenic epithelium 生精上皮spermatogonium 精原细胞spermatid 精子细胞spermatozoon 精子blood-testis barrier 血-睾屏障spermatogenesis 精子发生spermiogenesis 精子形成primordial follicle 原始卵泡primary follicle 初级卵泡secondary follicle ] 次级卵泡mature follicle 成熟卵泡corpus luteum 黄体endometrium 子宫内膜proliferation phase 增生期secretory phase 分泌期menstrual phase 月经期fertilization 受精fertilized ovum 受精卵胚胎学部分cleavage 卵裂morula 桑椹胚blastocyst 胚泡（囊胚）trophoblast 滋养层inner cell mass 内细胞群implantation 植入embryonic disc 胚盘endoderm 内胚层ectoderm 外胚层mesoderm 中胚层primitive streak 原条notochord 脊索neural tube 神经管placenta 胎盘。

复层扁平上皮复层柱状上皮变移上皮微绒毛纤毛基膜质膜内褶外分泌腺内分泌腺紧密连接半桥粒软骨膜软骨细胞透明软骨纤维软骨骨组织骨细胞骨原细胞骨单位膜内成骨软骨内成骨骨膜血小板造血干细胞多能干细胞CFU-S造血祖细胞定向干细胞肌原纤维肌节横小管终池闰盘肌动蛋白肌原蛋白粗肌丝突触突触小泡分泌性神经元（神经内分泌细胞）星形胶质细胞少突胶质细胞小胶质细胞室管膜细胞施万细胞卫星细胞有髓神经纤维肌梭尼氏体微动脉微静脉心内膜心肌膜心外膜动静脉吻合淋巴导管髓索白髓边缘区红髓脾索脾血窦网状-上皮系统髓质树突状细胞嗜铬细胞生长激素细胞催乳激素细胞促甲状腺激素细胞促性腺激素细胞促皮质激素细胞嫌色细胞垂体细胞甲状腺素赫令体毛毛干毛根毛囊毛乳头皮脂腺汗腺真皮乳头胃腺壁细胞主细胞浆液性腺泡粘液性腺泡混合性腺泡半月闰管纹状管枯否细胞储脂细胞门管区粘膜下层胃底腺肺泡肺泡细胞肺泡隔血-气屏障肺泡巨噬细胞尘细胞肺泡孔滤过膜近端小管细段远端小管集合小管球旁复合体球旁细胞致密斑后肾输尿管芽精子支持细胞血-生精小管屏障雄激素结合蛋白输出小管附睾管精液生殖腺嵴顶体黄体白体闭锁滤泡子宫外膜子宫肌膜子宫内膜基细胞增生期月经期卵子节细胞黄斑视神经乳头晶状体玻璃体壶腹嵴椭圆囊斑球囊斑螺旋器 (Corti 器)胚盘蜕膜胎膜卵黄囊脐带胎盘羊膜外胚层中胚层体节。

组织学与胚胎学要求掌握单词一、1. endothelium 内皮2. mesothelium 间皮3. microvillus 微绒毛4. cilium 纤毛二、1. macrophage 巨噬细胞2. plasma cell 浆细胞3.collagenous fiber 胶原纤维4.osteon 骨单位三、1.muscular tissue 肌组织2.skeletal muscle 骨骼肌3.myofibril 肌原纤维4.erythrocyte （red blood cell）红细胞四、1.neuron 神经元2.Nissls body 尼氏体3.dendrite 树突4.axon 轴突5.synapse 突触五、1.capillary 毛细血管2.sinusoid 血窦3.tunica intima 内膜4.epidermis 表皮六、1.lymphoid nodule 淋巴小结2.diffuse lymphoid tissue 弥散淋巴组织3.germinal center 生发中心4.paracortical zone 副皮质区七、1.intestinal villus 小肠绒毛2.plica 皱襞3.chief cell 主细胞4.parietal cell (oxyntic cell) 壁细胞八、1.pancreatic islet 胰岛2.hepatic lobule 肝小叶3.hepatocyte 肝细胞4.perisinusoidal space 窦周隙九、1.pulmonary alveoli 肺泡2.blood-air barrier 气-血屏障3.pulmonary lobule 肺小叶4.retina 视网膜十、1.nephron 肾单位2.renal corpuscle 肾小体3.filtration barrier 滤过屏障4.macula densa 致密斑十一、1.zona fasciculate 束状带2.seminiferous tubule 生精小管3.spermatogenesis 精子发生4.spermatozoon 精子十二、1.follicle 卵泡2.corona radiata 放射冠3.corpus luteum 黄体4.menstrual cycle 月经周期十三、1.implantation 植入2.blastocyst 胚泡3.primitive streak 原条4.placenta 胎盘。

序言Introductionhistology胚胎学hematoxylin苏木精eosin伊红basophilia嗜碱性acidophilia嗜酸性neutrophilia中性histochemistry组织化学test tube baby试管婴儿clone克隆embryonic stem cell胚胎干细胞self-renew自我更新diffrentiation分化tissue engineering组织工程第一章cell细胞cell membrane细胞膜unit membrane单位膜cell coat细胞衣receptor受体cytoplasm细胞质mitochondria线粒体ribosome核糖体endoplasmic reticulum,ER内质网rough endoplasmic reticu-lum,rER粗面内质网smooth endoplasmic reticu-lum,sER滑面内质网Golgi complex高尔基复合体mature face 成熟面lysosome溶酶体primary lysosome初级溶酶体secondary lysosome 次级溶酶体peroxisome 过氧化物酶体microbody微体centrosome中心体centrioles中心粒secretory granule分泌颗粒glycogen granule糖原颗粒lipid droplet脂滴cytoskeleton细胞骨架microfilament微丝microtubule微管tubulin微管蛋白intermediate filament中间丝keratin filament角蛋白丝neurofilament神经丝neuroglia filament神经胶质丝nucleus细胞核nuclear envelope核膜（核被膜）nuclear pore核孔chromatin染色质euchromatin常染色质heterochromatin异染色质chromosome染色体euchromosome常染色体sexchromosome性染色体nucleosome核小体gene基因nucleolus核仁nuclearskeleton核骨架cell cycle细胞周期interphase period分裂间期end cell终末细胞cell division细胞分裂amitosis无丝分裂mitosis有丝分裂prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期meiosis减数分裂第二章Epithelialtissueepithelium上皮polarity极性covering epithelium被覆上皮simple squamous内皮mesothelium间皮simple cuboidal epithe-lium单层立方上皮simple columnar epithe-lium单层柱状上皮goblet cell杯状细胞mucinogen granule粘原颗粒simple ciliated columnarepithelium单层纤毛柱状上皮pseudostratified cilatedcolunar epithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮stratified squamnousepithelium复层扁平上皮pseudostratified columnarepithelium假复层柱状上皮stratified squamous epi-thelium复层扁平上皮stratified colunar epi-thelium复层柱状上皮transitional epithelium变移上皮glandular epithelium腺上皮exocrine gland外分泌腺endocrine gland内分泌腺acinus腺泡simple gland单腺compound gland复腺protein-secreting cell蛋白质分泌细胞serous cell浆液性细胞glycoprotein-secreting cell 糖蛋白分泌细胞mucoprotein mucin粘蛋白mucus粘液mucous cell粘液性细胞steroid secreting cell类固醇分泌细胞microvillus微绒毛striated border纹状缘brush border刷状缘terminal web终末网cilium 纤毛basal body基体dynein动力蛋白cell juction细胞连接tight juction紧密连接zonula occludens闭锁小带intermediate juction中间连接zonula adherens粘着小带desmosome桥粒macula adherens粘着斑gap junction缝隙连接communication junction通讯连接junctional complex连接复合体basement membrane基膜basal lamina基板reticular lamina网板lamina lucide透明层lamina densa致密层laminin粘连蛋白hemidesmosome半桥粒plasma membrane in-folding质膜内褶第四章4 cartilage and bonecatilage软骨hyaline cartilage透明软骨chondrocyte软骨细胞catilage lacuna软骨陷窝isogenous group同源细胞群cartilage capsule软骨囊perichondrium软骨膜fibrous cartilage纤维软骨osseous tissue骨组织bone matrix骨基质bone lamella骨板osteonectin骨粘连蛋白osteoblast成骨细胞osteoid类骨质matrix vesicle基质小泡osteocyte骨细胞bone lacuna骨陷窝osteoclast破骨细胞bone marrow骨髓spongy bone骨松质compact bone骨密质circumferential lamella环骨板osteon骨单位Haversian system哈弗系统Volkmann canal福克曼管Performing canal穿通管central canal中央管intertitial lamella间骨板periosteum骨外膜osteogenesis骨发生ossification center骨化中心第五章blood血液plasma血浆serum血清erythrocyte红细胞red blood cell红细胞hemoglobin,Hb血红蛋白deformability形态的可变性erythrocyte membrane skel-eton红细胞膜骨架hemolysis溶血reticulocyte网织红细胞leukocyte白细胞white blood cell白细胞neutrophilic granulocyte中性粒细胞neutrophil中性粒细胞eosinophilic granulocyte嗜酸性粒细胞eosibophil嗜酸性粒细胞basophilic granulocyte嗜碱性粒细胞basophil嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte单核细胞lymphocyte淋巴细胞thymus dependent lympho-cyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞bone marrow dependentlymphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞nature killer cell自然杀伤细胞blood platelet血小板granulomere颗粒区hyalomere透明区red bone marrow红骨髓yellow bone marrow黄骨髓stromal cell基质细胞erythroblastic islet幼红细胞岛hemopoietic stem cell造血干细胞multipotential stem cell多能干细胞clone克隆hemopoietic progenitor造血祖细胞committed stem cell定向干细胞erythropoietin,EPO红细胞生成素第六章6 muscle tissuemuscle fiber肌纤维sarcolemma肌膜sarcoplasm肌浆myofilament肌丝skeletal muscle骨骼肌endomysium肌内膜epimysium肌外膜perimysium肌束膜myofibril肌原纤维cross striation横纹sarcomere肌节thick myoflilament粗肌丝myosin肌球蛋白actin肌动蛋白tropomyosin原肌球蛋白troponin肌钙蛋白transverse tubule横小管sarcoplasmic reticulum肌浆网longitudinal tubule纵小管terminal cisternae终池triad三联体cardiac muscle心肌intercalated disk闰管diad二联体smooth muscle平滑肌intermediated filament中间丝第七章nerve tissue神经组织nerve cell神经细胞neuroglial cell神经胶质细胞neuron神经元dendrite树突axon轴突excitable membrane可兴奋膜Nissl body尼氏体neurofibril神经原纤维neurotransmitter神经递质neuromodulator神经调质neurofilament神经丝cytoskeleton细胞骨架secretory neuron分泌神经元axon hillock轴丘axolemma轴膜axoplasm轴质axonal transport轴突运输anterograde axonal transport顺向轴突运输retrograde axonal transport 逆向轴突运输pseudounipolar neuron假单极神经元peripheral process周围突central process中枢突bipolar neuron 双极神经元multipolar neuron多极神经元sensory neuron感觉神经元afferent neuron传入神经元motor neuron运动神经元efferent neuron传出神经元Golgi type I neuron高尔基I 型神经元Golgi type II neuron高尔基II型神经元interneuron中间神经元cholinergic neuron胆碱能神经元aminergic neuron胺能神经元aminoacidnergic neuron氨基酸能神经元peptidergic neuron肽能神经元synapse突触chemical synapse化学突触electrical synapse电突触presynaptic element突触前成分synaptic cleft突触间隙postsynaptic element突触后成分presynaptic membrane突触前膜postsynaptic membrane突触后膜synaptic knob突触小体synaptic bouton突触扣结synaptic vesicle突触小泡synapsin突触素dense projection锥体致密突起glial cell胶质细胞astrocyte星型胶质细胞fibrous astrocyte纤维性星型胶质细胞protoplasmic astrocyte原浆性星型胶质细胞oligodendrocyte少突胶质细胞microglial cell小胶质细胞ependymal cell室管膜细胞ependyma室管膜neurolemmal cell神经膜细胞Schwann cell施万细胞satellite cell卫星细胞nerve fiber神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber有髓神经纤维Ranvier node朗飞结internode结间体Schmidt-Lantermann inci-sure施-兰切痕nerve神经endoneurium神经内膜perineurium神经束膜perineural epithelium神经束膜上皮epineurium神经外膜nerve ganglion神经节nerve ending神经末梢sensory nerve ending感觉神经末梢free nerve ending游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve ending有被膜神经末梢tactile corpuscle,Meissner小体触觉小体lamellar corpuscle,Pacinian小体muscle spindle肌梭intrafusal muscle fiber梭内肌纤维motor nerve ending运动神经末梢somatic motor nerve ending躯体运动神经末梢motor unit运动单位motor end plate运动终板neuromuscular juction肌-神经连接visceral motor nerve ending内脏神经末梢varicosity串珠样膨体brain脑spinal cord脊髓grey matter灰质white matter白质cortex皮质Purkinje cell浦肯野细胞molecular layer分子层stellate cell卫星细胞dura mater硬膜arachnoid蛛网膜pia mater软膜blood-brain barrier,BBB血-脑屏障第八章8 circulatory system capillary毛细血管pericyte周细胞continuous capillary连续毛细血管fenestrasted capillary 有孔毛细血管sinusoid血窦sinusoid capillary窦状毛细血管discontinuous capillary 连续毛细血管capillary permeability 毛细血管通透性medium-sized artery 中动脉muscular artery肌性动脉tunica intima内膜plasmalemma vesicle 质膜小泡endothelin内皮素subenothelial layer 内皮下层internal elastic mem-brane内弹性膜tunica media中膜tunica adventitia外膜external elastic mem-brane外弹性膜large artery大动脉elastic artery 弹性动脉small artery小动脉arteride微动脉venule微静脉postcapillary venule毛细血管后微静脉small vein小静脉medium-sized vein中静脉large vein大静脉valves of vein静脉瓣microcirculation微静脉precapillary arteriole毛细血管前微静脉metarteriole中间微静脉true capillary真毛细血管thoroughfare channel直捷通路arteriovenous anatomosis动静脉吻合vasa vasorum营养血管neuropeotide Y神经肽Yendocardium心内膜subendocardial layer心内膜下层myocardium心肌膜cardiac skeleton心骨骼epicardium心外膜serous membrane浆膜cardial valve心瓣膜pacemaker cell起搏细胞transitional cell移行细胞Purkinje cell浦肯野纤维lymphatic capillary毛细淋巴管lymphatic vessel淋巴管lymphatic duct淋巴导管第九章immune system免疫系统lymphoid organ淋巴器官lymphoid tissue淋巴组织lymphocyte淋巴细胞thymus dependent lympgo-cyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞T help cell,Th辅助T细胞T suppress cell,Ts抑制T细胞T cytotoxicity,Tc细胞毒T细胞target cell靶细胞bone marrow dependentlymphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞plasma cell浆细胞large granular lympho-cyte,LGL大颗粒淋巴细胞killer cell,K细胞杀伤细胞nature killer cell,NK细胞自然杀伤细胞reticular tissue网状组织microphage巨噬细胞interdigitating cell交错突细胞follicular dendritic cell滤泡树突状细胞diffuse lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织high endothelial venule 高内皮微静脉lymphoid nodule淋巴小结lymphoid follicle淋巴滤泡germinal center生发中心primary lymphoid nodule 初级淋巴小结secondary lymphoid nodule 次级淋巴小结central lymphoid organ中枢淋巴器官thymus胸腺bone marrow骨髓bursa of Fabricius腔上囊lymphoid stem cell淋巴干细胞peripheral lymphoid organ 周围淋巴器官lymphnode淋巴结spleen脾tonsil扁桃体immune response免疫应答lymphocytic activation淋巴细胞活化clone expansion克隆增殖capsule被膜septum胸腺隔thymic stromal cell胸腺基质细胞thymocyte,T细胞胸腺细胞microenvironment微环境thymic epithelial cell胸腺上皮细胞keratin filament角蛋白丝cortex皮质stellate epithelial cell卫星上皮细胞thymic nurse cell胸腺哺育细胞medulla髓质medullary epithelial cell髓质上皮细胞thymic corpuscle epithelialcell胸腺小体上皮细胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小体thymopoietin胸腺生成素thymosin胸腺素blood-thymus barrier血-胸腺屏障afferent lymphatic vessel输入淋巴管hilum淋巴结门efferent lymphatic vessel输出淋巴管trabecula小梁peripheral cortex浅层皮质germinal center生发中心dark zone暗区light zone明区cap小结帽paracortical zone副皮质区thymus dependent area胸腺依赖区lymphoid sinus皮质淋巴窦subcapsular sinuses被膜下淋巴窦peritrabecular sinuses小梁周窦endothelial cell内皮细胞lymphoid cord淋巴索medullary cord髓索medullary sinus髓窦recirculation of lymphocyte淋巴细胞再循环spleen脾white pulp白髓periarterial lymphaticsheath动脉周围淋巴鞘central artery中央动脉splenic corpuscle脾小结red pulp红髓splenic sinusoid脾窦splenic cord脾索marginal zone边缘区trabecular artery小梁动脉penicillar arteriole笔毛微动脉arterial capillary动脉毛细血管trabecular vein小梁微静脉lymphoepithelial tissue淋巴上皮组织mononuclear phagocytesystem,MPS单核吞噬细胞系统第十章10 skinepidermis表皮stratum basale基底层keratin filament角蛋白丝tonofilament张力丝stratum spinosum棘层lamellated granule板层颗粒stratum granulosum颗粒层keratohyalin granule透明角质颗粒stratum corneum角质层melanosome黑素体melanocyte黑素细胞melanin黑色素melanin granule黑素颗粒Langerhens cell朗格汉斯细胞Birbeck granule伯贝克颗粒Merkel’s cell梅克尔细胞dermis真皮papillary layer乳头层reticular layer网织层hypodermis皮下组织hair毛hair shaft毛干hair root毛根hair buld毛球hair follicle毛囊hair matrix cell毛母质细胞arrector pili muscle立毛肌sebum皮脂sebaceous gland皮脂腺sweat gland汗腺eccrine sweat gland外泌汗腺apocrine sweat gland顶泌汗腺nail指（趾）甲第十一章endocrine system内分泌系统hormone激素paracrine旁分泌target organ靶器官targen cell靶细胞thyroid gland甲状腺follicle甲状腺滤泡colloid胶质thyroid hormone甲状腺激素parafollicular cell滤泡旁细胞calcitonin降钙素parathyroid gland甲状旁腺chief cell主细胞parathyroid hormone甲状旁腺素acidophilic cell嗜酸性细胞adrenal gland肾上腺zona glomerulosa球状带mineralocorticoid盐皮质激素aldosterone醛固酮zona fasciculata束状带glucocorticoid糖皮质激素cortisol皮质醇zona reticularis网状带chromaffin cell嗜铬细胞epinephrine肾上腺素norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素hypophysis脑垂体pars distalis远侧部chromophil嗜色细胞chromophobe嫌色细胞acidophil嗜酸性细胞somatotropic cell生长激素细胞somatotropin生长激素growth hormone,GH生长激素mammotropic cell催乳激素细胞mammotropin催乳激素prolactin催乳激素basophil嗜碱性细胞thyrotropic cell促甲状腺激素细胞thyrotropin促甲状腺激素thyroid stimulating hor-mone,TSH促甲状腺激素corticotropic cell促肾上腺皮质激素细胞corticotropin促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotrophic hor-mone,ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素lipotropic hormone,LPH促脂素gonadotropic cell促性腺激素细胞follicle stimulating hor-mone,FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizing hormone,LH黄体生成素interstitial cell stimulatinghormone,ICSH间质细胞刺激素pars intermedia中间部melanocyte stimulatinghormone,MSH黑色素细胞刺激素pars tuberalis结节部hypophyseal portal system垂体门脉系统releasing hormone,RH释放激素Herring body赫令体pituicyte垂体细胞antidiuretic hormone,ADH抗利尿激素oxytocin缩宫素（催产素）vasopressin加压素pineal body松果体pinealocyte松果体细胞diffuse neuroendocrinesystem,DNES弥散神经内分泌系统第十二章12 digestive tractmucosa粘膜lamina propria固有层musularis mucosa粘膜肌层muscularis肌层adventitia外膜fibrosa纤维膜serosa浆膜gastric area胃小区gastric pit胃小凹surface mucous cell 表面粘液细胞fundic gland胃底腺oxyntic gland泌酸腺parietal cell壁细胞oxyntic cell泌酸细胞chief cell主细胞zymogenic cell胃酶细胞mucous neck cell 颈粘液细胞stem cell干细胞cardiac gland贲门腺pyloric gland幽门腺intestinal gland肠腺intestinal villus肠绒毛Paneth cell 潘氏细胞absortive cell吸收细胞goblet cell杯状细胞cholecystokin-in-pancreozymin胆囊收缩素－促胰酶素secretin促胰液素central lacteal中央乳糜管aggregated lymphoidnodule集合淋巴小结duodenal gland十二指肠腺第十三章digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺acinus腺泡seroud acinus浆液性腺泡mucous acinus粘液性腺泡mixed acinus混合性腺巴泡demilune半月intercalated duct闰管striated duct纹状管secretory duct分泌管pancreas胰centroacinar cell泡心细胞pancreas islet胰岛glucagon胰高血糖素insulin胰岛素somotastatin生长抑制素pancreatic ploypeptide胰多肽liver肝hepatic lobule肝小叶hepatic plate肝板hepatic cord肝索central vein中央静脉hepatocyte肝细胞hepatic sinsoid肝血窦hepatic macrophage肝巨噬细胞Kuffer cell枯否细胞perisinusoidal space,Disse间隙窦周隙fat-storing cell贮脂细胞bile canaliculi胆小管第十四章14 respiratory systemsupporting cell支持细胞basal cell基细胞tracheal gland气管腺bronchial tree支气管树pulmonary lobule肺小叶bronchiole细支气管terminal bronchiole终末细支气管respiratory bronchiole呼吸性细支气管alveolar duct肺泡囊type I alveolar cellI 型肺泡细胞osmiophilic multilamellarbody嗜锇性板层小体surfactant表面活性物质alveolar septum肺泡隔alveolar pore肺泡孔blood-air barrier气－血屏障pulmononary macrophage肺巨嗜细胞alveolar macrophage肺泡巨嗜细胞dust cell尘细胞第十五章urinary system泌尿系统renal pyramid肾锥体medullary ray髓放线cortical labyrinth皮质迷路uriniferous tubule泌尿小管nephron肾单位medullary loop髓袢renal corpuscle肾小体glomerulus血管球mesangium血管系膜mesangial cell系膜细胞Bowman's capsule肾小囊podocyte足细胞slit pore裂孔slit membrane裂孔膜basement membrane基膜laminin层粘连蛋白filtration barrier滤过屏障filtration membrane滤过膜renal tubule肾小管proximal tubule近端小管proximal convoluted tubule 近曲小管thin segment细端distal tubule远端小管distal convoluted tubule远曲小管collecting tubule system集合小管系juxtaglomerular complex球旁复合体juxtaglomerular apparatus 肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell球旁细胞macula densa致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜细胞polar cushion cell极垫细胞interstitial cell间质细胞medullipin-I髓质Imedullipin-II髓质II第十六章16Male ReproduceSystemtesis睾丸tunica albuginea白膜mediastinum testis睾丸纵隔testicular lobules睾丸小叶seminiferous tubule生精小管spermatogenic epithelium生精上皮spermatogenesis精子发生spermatogonium精原细胞primoradial germ cell原始生殖细胞primary spermatocyte初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte次级精母细胞spermatial精子细胞spermiogenesis精子形成acrosome顶体residual body残余体spermatozoon精子cytoplasmic bridge细胞质桥sustentacular cell支持细胞basal compartment基底室abluminal compartment近腔室blood-seminiferous tubulebarrier血－生精小管屏障blood-tesis barrier血－睾屏障androgen-binding protein雄激素结合蛋白inhibin抑制素interstitial cell间质细胞testosterone雄激素tubulus testis睾丸网epididymidis附睾efferent duct输出小管epididymal duct附睾管ductus deferens输精管prostate前列腺prostatic concretion前列腺凝固体seminal vesicle精囊bulbourethal gland尿道球腺第十七章female reproductive system女性生殖系统ovary卵巢superficial epithelium变面上皮tunica albuginea白膜atresic follicle避锁卵泡oocyte卵母细胞primordial follicle原始卵泡primary oocyte初级卵母细胞follicular cell卵泡细胞growing follicle生长卵泡primary follicle初级卵泡zona pellucida透明带secondary follicle次级卵泡follicular cavity卵泡腔stratum granulosum颗粒层follicular fluid卵泡液cumulus oophorus卵丘corona radiata放射冠follicular theca卵泡膜theca cell膜细胞mature follicle成熟卵泡secondary oocyte次级卵母细胞first polar body第一极体follicular stigma卵泡小斑ovulation排卵secondary polar body第二极体corpus luteum黄体granulosa lutein cell颗粒黄体细胞theca luteincell膜黄体细胞corpus luteum of menstrua-tion月经黄体corpus luteum of pregnancy 妊娠黄体relaxin松弛素interstitial gland间质腺hilus cell门细胞perimetrium子宫外膜myometrium子宫肌层endometrium子宫内膜functional lay功能层basal layer基底层uterine gland子宫腺spiral artery螺旋动脉menstrual cycle月经周期proliferative phase增生期follicular phase卵泡期secretory phase分泌期luteal phase黄体期predecidual cell前蜕膜细胞menstrual phase月经期menstruation月经第十九章general embryology人体胚胎学总论embryonic period胚期fetal peroid胎期fetus胎儿sperm capacitation精子获能fertilization受精acromosome reaction顶体反应male pronucleus雄原核female pronucleus雌原核fertilized ovum受精卵zygote合子cleavage卵裂blastomere卵裂球morula桑椹胚blastocyte胚泡trophoblast滋养层blastocoele胚泡腔inner cell mass内细胞群ES cells胚胎干细胞implantation植入imbed着床syncytiotrophoblast合体滋养层cytotrophoblast细胞滋养层decidua蜕膜decidua basalis基蜕膜decidua capsilaris包蜕膜decidua parietalis壁蜕膜placenta previa前置胎盘ectopic pregnancy宫外孕embryonic disc胚盘hypoblast下胚层（初级内胚层）yolk sac卵黄囊entoderm内胚层epiblast上胚层（初级外胚层）amniotic cavity羊膜腔amnioblast羊膜body stalk体蒂primitive streak原条primitive node原结mesoderm中胚层notochord脊索ectoderm外胚层neural plate神经板neural groove神经沟neural fold神经褶neural tube神经管neural crest神经嵴paraxial mesoderm轴旁中胚层somite体节intermediate mesoderm间介中胚层lateral mesoderm侧中胚层parietal mesoderm体壁中胚层visceral mesoderm脏壁中胚层fetal membrane胎膜chorion绒毛膜intervillous space绒毛间隙smooth chorion平滑绒毛膜villous chorion丛密绒毛膜amnion羊膜amniotic fluid羊水yolk sac卵黄囊allantois尿囊umbilical cord脐带placenta胎盘cytoledon胎盘小叶placental septum胎盘隔placental membrane 胎盘膜placental barrier胎盘屏障human chorionic gonado-tropin，HCG绒毛膜促性腺激素human chorionic somato-mammotropin，HCS绒毛膜促乳腺生长激素twins双胎dizygotic twins双卵孪生monozygotic twins单卵孪生multiple birth多胎conjoined twins 联体双胎第二十章20 development offace ,neck and limbheart prominence心隆起branchial groove鳃沟branchial arch鳃弓branchial apparatus鳃器pharyngeal pouch咽囊branchial membrane鳃膜maxillary prominence上颌隆起mandibular prominence 下颌隆起stomodeum口凹nasal placode鼻板nasal pit鼻窝median nasal promi-nence内侧鼻隆起lateral nasal prominence 外侧鼻隆起oronasal membrane口鼻膜anterior and posterior limb bud 上肢芽和下肢芽cleft lip唇裂oblique facial cleft面斜裂第二十一章primitive gut原始消化管midgut中肠foregut前肠hindgut后肠vitelline stalk卵黄蒂ultimobranchial body后鳃体thyroglossal duct甲状舌管midgut loop中肠袢caecal bud盲肠突umbilical coelom脐腔cloaca泄殖腔urorectal septum尿直肠隔urogenital sinus尿生殖窦urogenital membrane尿生殖膜anal membrane肛膜proctodeum肛凹（原肛）hepatic diverticulum肝憩室a-feral protein,a-FP甲胎蛋白ventral pancreas bud腹胰芽dorsal pancreas bud背胰芽thyroglossal cyst甲状舌管囊肿Meckel diverticulum麦克尔憩室umbilical fistula脐粪室congenital umbilical hernia先天性脐疝congenital aganglionic meg-acolon先天性无神经性巨结肠imperforate anus不通肛laryngotracheal groove气管沟laryngotracheal diverticulum气管憩室tracheoesophageal septum气管食管隔lung bud肺芽tracheoesophageal fistula气管食管瘘hyaline membrane disease透明膜病第二十二章22development ofurogenitial systemintermediate mesoderm间介中胚层nephrotome生肾节lateral fold胚体侧褶nephrogenic cord肾索urogential ridge尿生殖嵴coelon体腔primordium原基mesonephric ridge生殖腺嵴pronephros前肾pronephric tubule前肾小管intraembryonic coelom胚内体腔mesonephros中肾pronephric duct前肾管mesonephric tubule中肾小管mesonephric duct中肾管metanephros后肾ureteric bud输尿管芽metanephric tissue后肾组织metanephrogenic blaste-ma生后肾原基metanephric tubule后肾小管cloaca泄殖腔urorectal septum尿直肠隔urogential sinus尿生殖窦anal membrane肛膜urogential sinus mem-brane尿生殖窦膜polycystic kidney多囊肾ectopic kidney异位肾pelvic kidney骨盆肾horse-shoe kidney马蹄肾agenesis of kidney肾缺如unilateral agenesis of kidney单侧肾缺如double renal pelvis双肾盂vesicorectal fistula膀胱直肠瘘ectrophy of bladder 膀胱外翻urachal fistula脐尿瘘urachal cyst脐尿管囊肿genetic sex遗传性别sexual undifferebtuation性未分化sexual differentiation性分化germinal epithelium表面上皮（生殖上皮）primary sex cord初级性索primordial germ cell原始生殖细胞sex chromosom性染色体testicular determinativefactor睾丸决定因子testis睾丸seminiferous tubule袢状生精小管rete testis睾丸网albuginea白膜Leyedig cell睾丸间质细胞Sertoli cell支持细胞spermatgenous cell精原细胞rete ovarii卵巢网varian medulla卵巢髓质secondary sex cord次级性索cortical cord皮质索oogonium卵原细胞primordial follide原始卵泡stroma ovarii卵巢基质gonadotropic hormone促性腺激素mesorchium睾丸系膜mesovarium卵巢系膜gubermaculum引带inguinal canal腹股沟管testicular vaginal process睾丸鞘突scrotum阴囊cavity of tunicavaginalis鞘膜腔Muller duct苗勒氏管paramesonephricduct中肾旁管sinus tuberde窦结节Anti-Mullerian ducthormone抗中肾旁管激素vaginal plate阴道板hymen处女膜atresia of hymen处女膜闭锁gential tuberde生殖结节第二十三章development of the cardio-vascular system心血管系统的发生blood island血岛primitive cardiovascular sys-tem原始心血管系统dorsal aorta背主动脉umbilical artery脐主动脉aortic arch弓动脉umbilical vein脐静脉pericardial coelom心腔cardiogenic cord生心索cardiac tube心管dorsal mesocardium心背系膜cardiac jelly心胶质bulbus cordis心球sinus venosus静脉窦truncus arteriosus动脉干。

组织学与胚胎学英文单词表histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学light microscope 光学显微镜electron microscope 电子显微镜hematoxylin 苏木精eosin 伊红basophil 嗜碱性acidophil 嗜酸性neutrophil 中性histochemistry 组织化学immuno histochemistry 免疫组织化学cell membrane 细胞膜cytoplasm 细胞质organelle 细胞器mitochondria 线粒体Golgi complex 高尔基复合体smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER 滑面内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum RER 粗面内质网microtubule 微管nucleus 细胞核chromosome 染色体epithelium 上皮basement membrane 基底膜microvillus 微绒毛cilium 纤毛endothelium 内皮mesothelium 间皮transitional epithelium 变移上皮intercellular substance 细胞间质junctional complex 连接复合体plasma membrane infolding 质膜内褶duct 导管serous cell 浆液细胞mucous cell 黏液细胞endocrine gland 内分泌腺exocrine gland 外分泌腺mesenchyme 间充质fiber 纤维elastic fiber 弹性纤维collagenous fiber 胶原纤维collagenous fibril 胶原原纤维fibroblast 成纤维细胞macrophage 巨噬细胞plasma cell 浆细胞mast cell 肥大细胞fat cell 脂肪细胞adipose tissue 脂肪组织reticular tissue 网状组织blood 血液lymph 淋巴plasma 血浆erythrocyte 红细胞hemoglobin （Hb）血红蛋白reticulocyte 网织红细胞leucocyte 白细胞neutrophilic granulocyle, neutrophil 中性粒细胞monocyte 单核细胞lymphocyte 淋巴细胞blood platelet 血小板cartilage tissue 软骨组织cartilage lacuna 软骨陷窝perichondrium[ 软骨膜osseous tissue 骨组织bone matrix 骨基质bone lamello 骨板osteocyte 骨细胞bone lacuna 骨陷窝bone canaliculi 骨小管osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteoid 类骨质osteon 骨单位interstitial lamella 间骨板muscle tissue 肌组织skeletal muscle 骨骼肌cardiac muscle 心肌smooth muscle 平滑肌sarcomere 肌节triad 三联体intercalated disk 闰盘neuron 神经元dendrite 树突axon 轴突Nissl body 尼氏体neuroglia cell 神经胶质细胞nerve fiber 神经纤维neurofibril 神经原纤维myelin sheath 髓鞘nervous system 神经系统cortex 皮质medlla 髓质blood-brain barrier 血-脑屏障circulatory system 循环系统tunica intima 内膜tunica media 中膜tunica adventitia 外膜internal elastic membrane 内弹性膜external elastic membrane 外弹性膜muscular artery 肌性动脉capillary 毛细血管sinusoid 血窦small vein 小静脉skin 皮肤epidermis 表皮dermis 真皮hair 毛sweat gland 汗腺lymphoid tissue 淋巴组织lymph node 淋巴结spleen 脾脏white pulp 白髓red pulp 红髓hormone 激素follicle 滤泡pituicyte 垂体细胞zona glomerulosa 球状带zona fasciculata 束状带zona reticularis 网状带digestive tract 消化管mucosa 粘膜lamina propria 固有层muscularis mucosa 粘膜肌层submucosa 粘膜下层gastric gland 胃腺parietal cell 壁细胞intestinal villus 小肠绒毛goblet cell 杯状细胞small intestinal gland 小肠腺digestive gland 消化腺pancreas islet 胰岛hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatic sinusoid 肝血窦Kupffer cell 枯否细胞(肝脏内的巨噬细胞) bile canaliculi 胆小管portal area 门管区respiratory system 呼吸系统trachea 气管lung 肺bronchial tree 支气管树pulmonary lobule 肺小叶bronchiole 细支气管terminal bronchiole 终末细支气管respiratory bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管alveolar duct 肺泡管alveolar sac 肺泡囊pulmonary alveoli 肺泡type I alveolar cell I型肺泡细胞type II alveolar cell II型肺泡细胞alveolar septum 肺泡隔alveolar pore 肺泡孔blood-air barrier 气血屏障urinary system 泌尿系统kidney 肾nephron 肾单位medullary loop 髓袢renal corpuscle 肾小体glomerulus 血管球renal capsule 肾小囊podocyte 足细胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtration barrier 滤过屏障renal tubule 肾小管proximal tubule 近端小管distal tubule 远端小管thin segment 细段collecting tubule 集合小管juxtaglomerular complex 球旁复合体urinary bladder 膀胱seminiferous tubule 生精小管spermatogenic epithelium 生精上皮spermatogonium 精原细胞spermatid 精子细胞spermatozoon 精子blood-testis barrier 血-睾屏障spermatogenesis 精子发生spermiogenesis 精子形成primordial follicle 原始卵泡primary follicle 初级卵泡secondary follicle ] 次级卵泡mature follicle 成熟卵泡corpus luteum 黄体endometrium 子宫内膜proliferation phase 增生期secretory phase 分泌期menstrual phase 月经期fertilization 受精fertilized ovum 受精卵胚胎学部分cleavage 卵裂morula 桑椹胚blastocyst 胚泡（囊胚）trophoblast 滋养层inner cell mass 内细胞群implantation 植入embryonic disc 胚盘endoderm 内胚层ectoderm 外胚层mesoderm 中胚层primitive streak 原条notochord 脊索neural tube 神经管placenta 胎盘。