人教版八年级英语上册单词,短语,句型和语法总结

Unitl Where did you go on vacation?【重点短语】1.go on vacation 去度假2.stay at home 呆在家3.go to the mountains 上山/进山4.go to the beach 到海边去5.visit museums参观博物馆6.go to the summer camp 去夏令营7.quite a few 相当多8.study for 为.. 学习,9.go out 出去10.most of the time大部分时间/绝大多数时间11.taste good尝起来味道好12.have a good time 玩的开心13.of course当然可以14.feel like感觉像 .... /想要15.go shopping 去购物16.in the past 在过去17.wa 1 k around 绕.. 走18.too many太多（可数名词前面）19.because of 因为20.one bowl of 一碗....21.find out查出来/发现22.go on 继续23.take photos 照相24.something important 重要的事情25.up and down 上上下下e up 出来【重点句型】1.--- Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了？--- 1 went to New York City. 我去了纽约城。

2.--- Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗？--- No, No one was herc. Everyone was on vacation. 不，没有人在这儿。

大家度去度假了。

3.--- Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？--- Yes, I bought something for my father.对，我给父亲买了一些东西。

八年级英语上册重点知识汇总Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?【本单元的话题】谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。

【本单元的语法】1复习一般过去时；2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。

【不定代词和不定副词的用法】（1）左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词，some、any、every、no 与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词；（2）一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句；以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义（no one为两个单词）；（3）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。

He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。

（肯定句用something，形容词important放后）Did you buy anything special? （一般疑问句用anything，形容词special放后）Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗？(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting放后)（4）不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。

Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。

【本单元的短语和知识点】1.go on vacation去度假go to the mountains 上山/进山2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营3.study for tests为考试而学习\备考go out出去4.quite a few相当多,不少（后跟可数名词复数）take photos照相most of the time大部分时间5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物6.taste good.尝起来很好taste（尝起来）、look（看起来）、sound（听起来）为感官动词，后跟形容词7.have a good\great\fun time过得高兴，玩得愉快（=enjoy oneself）8.go shopping去购物9.nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。

人教版八年级英语上册知识点总结和复习要点一、词汇与短语1重点词汇熟练掌握课本中的新词汇，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等，并理解其在句子中的用法。

例子：名词：environment（环境）、experience（经历）、relationship（关系）动词：encourage（鼓励）、explain（解释）、expect（期待）形容词：frequent（频繁的）、generous（慷慨的）、responsible（有责任心的）副词：certainly（当然）、fortunately（幸运地）、however （然而）2常用短语记忆并熟练运用课本中的常用短语和固定搭配，提高表达的准确性和流利性。

例子：短语：in the end（最后）、all the time（一直）、as a result （结果）固定搭配：be proud of（以...为傲）、deal with（处理）、pay attention to（注意）二、句型与语法1基本句型熟练掌握五种基本句型，包括主语+谓语、主语+谓语+宾语、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语、主语+系动词+表语。

例子：主语+谓语：She sings.（她唱歌。

）主语+谓语+宾语：I like apples.（我喜欢苹果。

）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书。

）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：I found the book interesting.（我发现这本书很有趣。

）主语+系动词+表语：She is beautiful.（她很漂亮。

）2时态深入学习并掌握现在完成时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时等时态的用法和形式。

例子：现在完成时：I have already seen that movie.（我已经看过那部电影了。

）过去进行时：They were playing football when I called them.（我打电话给他们时，他们正在踢足球。

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?词汇:1. how often: 多久一次7. health: 健康，12. on weekends: 在周末how many: 多少+可数名词healthy：健康的13. once a week：一周一次2. always(100%)- 总是unhealthy: 不健康，twice a week：一周两次usually(80%) –通常keep/stay healthy three times a month: 一月三次often(60%)- 经常= keep/stay in good health: 保持健康14. most: 大部分的，绝大多数的sometimes(40%)- 有时候8. get good grades: 取得好成绩all: 所有的hardly ever(20%)- 几乎不9. the same as: 与…不同15. be good for: 对…有益never(0%) 从不10. a lot of = lots of: 大量，许多+ 可数/不可数名词be bad for: 对…有坏处3. surf the internet: 上网 a lot = very much: 十分,非常，很16. how many: 多少, +可数名词4. as for: 至于，关于11. maybe: 也许，大概how much: 多少，+不可数名词5. junk food: 垃圾食品may be: 也许是，或许是（may是情态动词，be是动词原形）how much 多少钱，（问价格）6. look after = take care of：照顾12. little: 小的，a little boy: 一个小男孩17. of course = sure 当然look for: 寻找little: 少，little少→less更少→least最少（修饰不可数名词）look up: 查找（单词、信息）little: 几乎没有,否定词（修饰不可数名词）look at: 看 a little: 少许，有一点，肯定词（修饰不可数名词）few: 几乎没有，否定词（修饰可数名词）a few少许，有一点，肯定词（修饰可数名词）1 / 10句型：1.How often do you exercise? →I exercise three times a week. How often does she shop? →She shops once a month.2.What do you usually do on weekends? →I usually watch TV. How often does she watch TV? →She watches TV everyday.3.How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡几个小时？→I sleep nine hours every night.How many books do you have? 你有多少本书？→I have 5 books.How much is the sweater? 这件毛衣多少钱？How much water do you have? 你有多少水？(how much: 多少，后面+不可数名词, water是不可数名词)4.What’s your favorite program? 你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？→It’s Animal World.固定搭配：try to do sth.: 尽力做某事，设法做某事try doing sth.: 试着做、尝试做某事help sb. (to) do sth: 帮助某人做某事(to可以省略)want sb. to do sth.: 想要某人做某事2 / 10Unit 2 What’s the matter?词汇:1. have a cold 感冒9. few: 几乎没有，否定词（修饰可数名词）have a fever 发烧 a few少许，有一点，肯定词（修饰不可数名词）have a stomachache 肚子痛little: 几乎没有,否定词（修饰不可数名词）have a headache 头疼 a little: 少许，有一点，肯定词（修饰不可数名词）have a toothache 牙齿疼10. at the moment = now 现在，此刻have a sore throat 喉咙疼11. host family 寄宿家庭have a sore back 背部酸疼12. not…until…直到……时候才……2. lie down and have a good rest 躺下好好休息13. should 应该，情态动词，后+动词原形3. hot tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的热茶should not=shouldn’t4. ill 病了的illness 疾病14. see a doctor 看医生5. advice 建议（不可数名词）see a dentist 看牙医some advice(不能加”s”) 15. too many太多…，修饰可数名词too many students6. be stressed out 有压力的，紧张的too much太多…，修饰不可数名词too much yin7. balance 平衡balanced 平衡的much too 太……，much too big 太大a balanced diet 平衡的饮食16. stay=keep 保持on a diet 节食keep/stay healthy8. get 变得= keep/stay in good health: 保持健康get angry 变得生气get tired 变得劳累3 / 10句型：1. What’s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了？→I have a cold/ have a toothache/ have a sore throat….2. Wha t’s the matter? →She has a cold.3. Does he have a cold? →Yes, he does.4. A: What’s the matter?B: I’m not feeling well.(此处不能用good) I have a cold.A: When did it start?B: About two days ago.A: That’s too bad. You should drink lots of water.B: Yes, I think so.A: I hope you feel / get better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来5. A: I have a coldB: I am sorry to hear that. (当听到对方不好的消息时使用此句)固定搭配：It is + 形容词+ (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是………的例句：It is easy for me to learn (learn) English. 对我来说学英语是容易的It is interesting to watch (watch) Animal World. 看动物世界时有趣的4 / 10Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?→→→本单元用现在进行时态表示将来的事情现在进行时态，即be + doing:词汇:1. go camping 去野营 6. a lot = very much 十分、非常、很2. A: What are you doing for vacation? go fishing 去钓鱼 a lot of = lots of 许多、大量B: I am going camping.go shopping 去购物7. away 向远处、离开A: That sounds nice.go swimming 去游泳go away 离开Who are you going with?go hiking 去远足B: I am going with my parents.go bike riding 去骑单车8. stay: 留、停留、呆go sightseeing 去观光旅游 3. Linda is going to Tibet next summer. (划线提问)2. how long 多久、多长时间句型：→Where is Linda going next summer?3. get back 回来get back to school 1. What are you doing for vacation?4. He’s going on the 12th. (划线提问)4. be famous for…以……而闻名→I am visiting my grandparents. →When is he going?5. leave for…离开去……地方What is your brother doing for vacation?leave →(过去式) left →He is going camping. 5. I’m staying there for a week. (划线提问)left: 左边、离开→How long are you staying?5 / 106.当听到对方提出的建议，如：What about playing basketball? How about taking a walk with me? Why not go to the movie? 为什么不去看电影？I am going camping.等句子时，回答可用以下句型：That sounds nice/ good/ interesting/. That’s a good idea. / Good idea. That sounds like a good idea./ Great等.7.当听到对方要去旅行或是准备出行时，如：I am going to Hongkong for a week. I am going hiking in the mountains.时，回答一般用以下句型：Have a good time!8.询问天气：How is the weather? 或是What’s the weather like?9.询问某人的职业：What do you do? What are you? What’s your job? 你的工作是什么？What does your mother do? What is he? 他是干什么的？10.询问某人的性格：What are you like? →I am outgoing/ shy/ quiet.What is he like? 他是个什么样的人？→He is outgoing/ shy/ quiet. 他很外向/害羞/安静10. 询问某人长的什么样子：What does he look like? 他长的什么样子？→He is of medium build/height. 他中等身材/身高.What does your father look like? →He is tall. 他很高11. 询问某人喜欢什么：What do you like? 你喜欢什么？→I like basketball. 我喜欢篮球固定搭配：1.finish doing sth 完成做某件事例：I finished doing my homework. 我完成了我的家庭作业6 / 10Unit 1-3 单元课本语法知识& 在讲解畅优新课堂时补充的语法知识点与固定搭配：1.情态动词后+动词原形(do)已学情态动词：can 能够, must 必须, should 应该, may 也许. would 想，会help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事2. 介词后若接动词，则接动词的ing形式：常见的：what about + doing sth? 做………怎么样？常接doing的固定搭配：1. like doing sth 喜欢做某事2. enjoy doing sth 享受做某事3. have a good/ have fun in doing sth 做某事玩的很开心4. finish doing sth 完成做某件事5. spend +(时间、金钱、精力) doing sth 花时间、金钱、精力做某事= spend +(时间、金钱、精力) on sth3. 不定式，即：to do常接不定式的固定搭配：want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事would like to do sth 想做某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事plan to do sth 计划做某事decide to do sth 决定做某事need to do sth 需要做某事forget to do sth 忘记做某事try to do sth 尽力做某事4. 不定代词+ 形容词结构例：something interesting 一些有趣的事情7 / 10Unit 4 How do you get to school?词汇:1. get to: 到达arrive at: 到达+ 小地点（学校、医院…）arrive in: 到达+ 大地点（城市、国家、地区…）reach: 到达2. take the bus = by bus：坐公交车8. how long: 多久，how far：多远13. take…to…把…带到…3. take the train = by train：坐火车9. from…to…从…到…14. from: 离…的距离4. take the subway = by subway：坐地铁10. think of: 认为think about: 考虑15. not all: 不是所有5. ride one’s bike = by bike：骑单车11. around the world = all over the world: 全世界6. walk = on foot：走路12. be different from: 与…不同16. more…than…：比…更…，than: 比7. depend on: 视……而定，决定于……，依靠……17.other 其他的，形容词18. than 比others 其他的人或其他的事19. more…than…比……更……，形容词比较级的用法the other 两者中的另一个，单数概念the others 两部分中的另一部分，复数概念another 另外一个，另外的，第三个的8 / 10句型：1. How do you get to school? →I take the bus. / I go to school by bus.How does she get to school? →She takes the bus. / She goes to school by bus.2. How long does it take?→It takes about/around 10 minutes. →It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. How long does it take you to get from home to school? →It takes 25 minutes.3. How far is it from your home to school? →It’s 3 miles./10 kilometers.4. What do you think of………? = how do you like……? 你认为……怎么样？5. How far do you live from school?你住的离学校有多远→I live 10 miles from school.6. Can I help you? May I help you? →Yes, please.固定搭配：1.It takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth. 例句：It takes me 20 minutes to walk (walk)2.need to do sth. 需要做某事3.more…than…比……更……，形容词比较级的用法4 形容词的比较级&最高级：规则变化：比较级：形容词尾+“er”，最高级：+“est ”，例：big →bigger →the biggest不规则变化：三个音节及以上的形容词（比较长的形容词），比较级：前面+ more, 最高级：前面+most，例：popular 流行的→more popular更流行的→the most popular 最流行的最高级前面+“the”例：This classroom is bigger than that one. 这件教室比那间大This classroom is the biggest. 这间教室是最大的9 / 10Unit 5 Can you come to my party?词汇：1. other 其他的The other 另一个(两个中的另一个) 9. have to 不得不，要…The others 另一部分（两部分中的另一部分）10. babysit= look after = take care of = care for 关心，照顾Another 另外的，另一个（三个以上中的另一个）2. the day before yesterday 前天句型：yesterday 昨天 1. Can you come to my party?today 今天Yes, I’d love to.(肯定回答)tomorrow 明天I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to……(否定回答)the day after tomorrow 后天 2. What’s today? 今天星期几，几号？(星期、日期都可以问) 3. on weekends 在周末It’s Monday the 14th. 今天14号星期一。

人教版英语八年级上册unit 1一、重点单词。

1. anyone.- 词性：不定代词，意为“任何人”，用于否定句和疑问句中。

例如：Did you meet anyone interesting at the party?（你在聚会上遇到有趣的人了吗？）2. anywhere?- 词性：副词，意为“在任何地方；无论何处”。

例如：I can't find my keys anywhere.（我到处都找不到我的钥匙。

）3. wonderful.- 词性：形容词，意为“精彩的；绝妙的”。

例如：We had a wonderful timeat the concert.（我们在音乐会上度过了一段美妙的时光。

）4. few.- 词性：形容词，意为“不多；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。

例如：There are few apples on the tree.（树上几乎没有苹果了。

）- 区别：a few表示“一些；几个”，表示肯定意义。

例如：There are a few students in the classroom.（教室里有几个学生。

）5. most.- 词性：形容词，意为“最多的；大多数的”。

例如：Most students like English.（大多数学生喜欢英语。

）- 也可作副词，意为“最；非常”。

例如：This is the most beautiful flower.（这是最漂亮的花。

）6. something.- 词性：不定代词，意为“某事；某物”，用于肯定句中。

例如：I have something important to tell you.（我有重要的事情要告诉你。

）7. nothing.- 词性：不定代词，意为“没有什么；没有一件东西”。

例如：There is nothing in the box.（盒子里什么都没有。

）8. everyone.- 词性：不定代词，意为“每人；人人；所有人”。

新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

用法注意：1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。

some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。

有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。

2. 由some, any, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。

3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting【重点短语】1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来……3. nothing...but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方/ arrive at + 小地方到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事区分：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于……16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事【词语辨析】1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数“许多…”2. seem + 形容词看起来…... You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从句似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you.seem like ... 好像，似乎….. It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名“到达......”arrive at +小地点（注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如：arrive here; get home）4. feel like sth 感觉像…feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder（想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。

人教版英语八年级上册Unit 10 If you go to the party，you'll have a greattime!教材全解【教材内容解析】Section A1.If you go to the party, you'll have a great time。

（P. 73）have a great time意为“过得愉快、玩得开心”，相当于enjoy oneself或者have fun。

They are having a great time in the park.=They are enjoying themselves in the park。

2. The students are talking about when to have a class party/a class meeting/a birthday party. （P。

74）have a class meeting意为“开班会"。

We will have a class meeting next week.3。

What will Mark organize？(P。

74)organize用作及物动词，表示“组织、安排”，后接表示组织、活动类的名词做宾语，名词形式为organization表示“组织”.Last month, we organized a party。

4.。

let’s order food from a restaurant。

(P。

74)order此处表示“订购、点菜”，order sth. from。

.。

表示“从……订购某物"。

I ordered some chicken from that shop。

【拓展】order还可以作及物动词,意为“命令”，表示“命令”时，常用于order sb。

（not) to do sth。

结构中The police ordered him to wait right here。

人教版八年级英语上册短语语法知识点总结初二英语课组2019年[由我校初二英语科组根据最新考纲和近几年中考的趋势加上我校学生的实际情况，结合初二全体英语科组的力量，汇编了这一份重点总结，编好一份学案不易，望同学们能好好利用。

]Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation一、必背单词短语。

Section A1.Where did you go on vacation? (P. 1)on vacation意为“在度假”，结构“on+名词”表示“在某种状态中”。

例句：My family went to Hainan on vacation last year.2....visited my uncle (P. 1)visit此处用作及物动词，后接人或物做宾语，意为“拜访、看望”，后接表示地点的名词，意为“参观、游览”。

例句：I visited my grandmother last week.例句：Do you want to visit Shanghai?3....go with anyone? (P. 2)(1)anyone用作不定代词，意为“有人、任何人”，相当于anybody，用于疑问句和否定句中，在肯定句中用someone或者somebody。

但是anyone也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个人”。

例句：Did you meet anyone friendly in that city?例句：Anyone can be helpful in some way.(2)anyone只能指人，不可以指物，后面不接of短语；any one既可以指人也可以指物，后可接of短语。

例句：You can ask any one of us about this question.4....buy anything special? (P. 2)(1)buy用作双宾语动词，表示“买”，常用的结构为“buy sb. sth.”或者“buy sth. for sb.”，表示“为某人买某物”。

人教版八年级英语上册语法总结一、一般现在时。

1. 概念。

- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或状态；表示客观事实或普遍真理。

- 例如：I often get up at six o'clock.（经常的动作）- The earth goes around the sun.（客观真理）2. 动词形式。

- 当主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it等）时，动词要加 -s或 -es。

- 一般情况加 -s，如：like - likes；以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加 -es，如：go - goes, watch - watches；以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加 -es，如：study - studies。

- 当主语不是第三人称单数时，动词用原形。

例如：They play football every day.3. 句型结构。

- 肯定句：主语+动词（原形/第三人称单数形式）+其他。

- 否定句：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他。

（do not = don't，does not = doesn't）- 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他？回答：Yes, 主语+do/does. No, 主语+don't/doesn't.二、一般过去时。

1. 概念。

- 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

- 例如：I went to the park yesterday.2. 动词形式。

- 一般动词在词尾加 -ed，如：play - played；以不发音的e结尾的动词加 -d，如：live - lived；以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加 -ed，如：stop - stopped；以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，把y变为i再加 -ed，如：study - studied。

还有一些不规则动词，如：go - went, see - saw等。

Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.grow up成长；长大every day每天be sure about对……有把握make sure确信；务必send…to…把……送到…… be able to能the meaning of……的意思different kinds of不同种类的write down写下；记下have to do with关于；与……有关系take up开始做；学着做hardly ever几乎不；很少too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能be going to+动词原形打算做某事practice doing练习做某事keep on doing sth.不断地做某事learn to do sth.学会做某事finish doing sth.做完某事promise to do sth.许诺去做某事help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事remember to do sth.记住做某事agree to do sth.同意做某事love to do sth.喜爱做某事want to do sth.想要做某事be going to 的用法1）be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。

常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。

各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。

肯定句：主语+ be going to + 动词原形+ 其他。

He is going to take the bus there.否定句：主语+ be not going to + 动词原形+ 其他I’m not going to see my friends thisweekend.一般疑问句：Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他？What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用be going to + 地点We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。