同位语从句及练习

同位语从句

一、同位语从句的定义和特点

在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句和前面的名词在内容上是同一关系。

同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how等词引导，常放在

advice，announcement, answer, belief ，chance, conclusion, clue, demand, doubt, decision,

evidence ，explanation, fact , feeling, hope, idea, information, impression, message , news, order,

opinion,

problem , promise , proposal , possibility, question ,request , report , rumor,suggestion, thought ,

truth, wish , word , warning等抽象名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容进一步英语。

1) The news that we won the game is exciting.

2) None of us thought of the possibility that the car might run out of petrol during our trip.

3) We had to face the fact that the nearest petrol station was 15 miles away.

4) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.

5) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.

二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句

引导同位语从句的连接词

功能 例词

从属 连词 只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。 that, whether

连接 代词 既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语、表语或定语）。 who, what ，whose, which

连接 副词 既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（状语）。 when, where, why, how

复合代词

& 复合副词 既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语、表语或定语、状语）。 whoever, whatever, whichever,

whenever, wherever, however

1. that引导同位语从句。（在that引导同位语从句中，that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）

例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.

将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。

[提示：] 在名词recommendation, suggestion, proposal, demand, order, requirement, desire,

commend等名词后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分应为“should+动词原形”。

如：The teacher conveyed the students’ recommendation that George (should) be appointed

monitor.

老师传达了学生们得推荐意见，选乔治为班长。

The order came that we (should) evacuate at once. 命令传来，要我们立刻撤退。

Anyone who applies for the position must meet the requirement that he or she (should) have a

good command of English. 任何申请这一职位的人都必须符合精通英语这一要求。

The people expressed their desire that the war (should) come to an end.

人们表达了希望战争马上结束的愿望。

2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when,

where, how等词引导同位语从句。即：wh-疑问词引导的同位语从句。在名词question, idea,

doubt, problem等后的同位语从句需用疑问词做连词，如：what, who, how, when, where,

whether等。需注意的是：同位语从句不能用if引导。出了宾语从句可用if引导外，主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句都不可用if引导。

例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.

我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

例1：I have no idea whether it is true/ what happened to him/when the meeting will begin/where

we should go/ who he is/ how he made it.

我不知道这是否是真的/他发生了什么/会议什么时候开始/我们应该去哪里/他是谁/他是如何办成的。

例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.

The question whether he should tell him the truth troubled him.

The question who should host the meeting has not yet been decided. The problem where we should set up our camp is solved.

3.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。

如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city

三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别.

连接that引导同位语从句，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连词that只起到引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。

1. 从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。

e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.

（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）

The news that you told us is really encouraging.

（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）

2. 引导从句的关联词that功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；二引导定于从句的that是关系代词，既指先行词又必须在从句中充当成分。

如：Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. (that不充当任何成分)

Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise, 又在从句中充当主语。）

3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定于从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。

e.g. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me. （that不可换为which）

The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese.

（第一个that可换为which，第二个不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）

4、引导同位语从句关连词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。

e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next.

There is no proof whether he was killed by others.

一、选择。

1. They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.

A. which B. that C. whom D. when

2. The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.

A. that B. which C. when D. what

3. I have no idea ____he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that

4. The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

5. One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.

A. what that B. that which

C. that what D. which that

6. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.

A. what B. whether C. that D. which

7. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into