A prediction of performance of commercial coal gasifiers

电商运营英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a common e-commerce platform?A. AmazonB. eBayC. AlibabaD. Facebook2. The term "SEO" stands for:A. Search Engine OptimizationB. Social Engine OptimizationC. Sales Engine OptimizationD. Service Excellence Optimization3. What does "CTR" in e-commerce analytics refer to?A. Click-Through RateB. Customer Transaction RateC. Cost to RevenueD. Conversion Through Rate4. The primary goal of email marketing in e-commerce is to:A. Increase website trafficB. Directly sell productsC. Build customer relationshipsD. All of the above5. Which of the following is not a social media platform?A. InstagramB. LinkedInC. TwitterD. Shopify二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The process of increasing the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's unpaid results is known as_________.7. In e-commerce, the term "dropshipping" refers to a retail fulfillment method where a store does not keep the _________ it sells in stock.8. A/B testing is a method used to compare the performance of two versions of a webpage, email, or _________ to determine which one performs better.9. The acronym "ROI" stands for _________, which is a measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment.10. The term "affiliate marketing" refers to a performance-based marketing in which a business rewards one or more_________ for each customer brought about by the affiliate's own marketing efforts.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. Explain the importance of product listing optimization in e-commerce.12. Describe the role of customer reviews in influencing purchasing decisions.13. What are the key components of a successful e-commerce website?14. Discuss the impact of mobile commerce on the e-commerce industry.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）15. Discuss the challenges and opportunities of international e-commerce.16. Analyze the role of data analytics in driving e-commerce business decisions.五、案例分析题（10分）17. Given a scenario where an e-commerce company is experiencing a high bounce rate, suggest possible reasons and solutions to improve the situation.参考答案：一、选择题1. D. Facebook2. A. Search Engine Optimization3. A. Click-Through Rate4. D. All of the above5. D. Shopify二、填空题6. SEO (Search Engine Optimization)7. products8. landing page9. Return on Investment10. affiliates三、简答题11. Product listing optimization is crucial in e-commerce as it helps to improve product visibility, increase search engine rankings, and enhance user experience, thereby driving more traffic and sales.12. Customer reviews play a significant role in influencing purchasing decisions as they provide social proof, build trust, and offer insights into the quality and performance of products.13. Key components of a successful e-commerce website includea user-friendly interface, secure payment options, fast loading speed, clear product descriptions, and effective search and filter functions.14. Mobile commerce has had a profound impact on the e-commerce industry, driving sales, enhancing customer engagement through mobile apps, and necessitating responsive design for a seamless shopping experience across devices.四、论述题15. International e-commerce presents challenges such as cultural differences, varying regulations, and logistics complexities, but also offers opportunities for market expansion, increased revenue, and access to a global customer base.16. Data analytics is instrumental in driving e-commerce business decisions by providing insights into customer behavior, optimizing marketing strategies, personalizing customer experiences, and improving inventory management.五、案例分析题17. High bounce rates could be due to irrelevant traffic, slow page loading, or poor user experience. Solutions include improving SEO to attract relevant visitors, optimizing website speed, and enhancing the site's design and content to engage users.。

［2022春期］3938国开电大专科《管理英语2》期末一体化考试题库说明:题目为随机组合。

第一大题交际用语第一类:首句为空白的试题［首字母E］------- 9一Everything is going smoothly.［答案］How is everything going?［首字母I］------- 9一J have worked for IBM for 3 years.［答案］What is your working experience? ------- 9一In total,it should be about 15,000 RMB for the three-day training J 答案］How much have you budgeted for the training?------- 9一Jt costs us ten thousand dollars* ［答案］How much does the printing of the annual report cost?------- 9一It might be a good idea to read some simplified books first* ［答案］What books would you recommend?------- 9一Jt will be held on the 3rd floor of Shakir at on Hotel.［答案］What is the address of your speech?9一Jt will take at least two weeks.［答案］How soon will you finish our annual report?［首字母M］------- 9—My name is Helen,and I was born in 1980.My major was electrical engineering.［答案］Tell me your name9please.—My name is Helen,and I was born in 1980.My major was electrical engineering.［答案］Tell me a little bit about yourself,please.［首字母N］一Neither do LLook at our communityjt is such a mess* ［答案］I really don*t think our service center is satisfying.［首字母T］------- 9一hat's great!［答案］How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight------- 9—Twice a week* ［答案］How often do you use our company*s product第二类:次句为空白的试题［首字母A］一Any suggestions for the project?一_______________ ［答案］I advise you to put more hands in this project.［首字母c］一Can you go skating with us this afternoon?一Sorry ］ can't.I take care of my little sister at home* ［答案］have to 一Can you stay here longer?一 ,but I have to be back tomorrow.［答案］rd love to一Custome 亡We have ordered for almost one hour.Why is it so hard to get ourdishes ready in your restaurant?一Waiter: •［答案］I, m really sorry about that.［首字母D］' '一Did the medicine make you feel better?一No.The more , I feel.［答案］medicine I take:the worse —Do you mind if I record your lecture?一 Go ahead.［答案］Not at all.［首字母G］—Good morning,Sunshine Community Center! May I help you?一［答案］I need a plumber to repair the water pipe in my kitchen.［首字母H］一Have you ever been to Tokyo?一［答案］No,but I hope to go there next year.ello,is that service center? The elevator of our apartment doesn't work.一［答案JSorryJll have it checked out at once.［i,Helen,Bl have an interview tomorrow. Pm afraid I can't make it. ——［答案］Sure,you can. Take it easy.一How are you feeling now?一［答案］Much better.一How did your talk with the community resident go?He seemed to accept my explanation,but he didn't sign his name here* ［答案］Fm not sure.一low do you like living in Beijing?一［答案］I love it.Beijing is such a beautiful city一low do you think of the theme of our event? 一［答案］If s pretty good.一How long will you be away from Italy?一［答案］About a month.一How's your mother doing?一［答案］She is very well.一I am sorry. Now what were we talking about?一［答案］You were saying that you used to be a teacher.一I was worried about my math,but Mr. White gave mean A.一［答案］Congratulations!一I'm terribly sorry that Pve spilled some coffee on the table.一［答案］It doesift matter.［音季每L］一Let's make plan first for our events,shall we?—_______________ ［答案］OKJefsdoit.［音字母M］一May I ask you why you left the former company?［答案］Because I want to change my workingenvironment and seek new challenges.［首字母o］一()ur company is doing a customer service questionnaire.May I take you a moment?一［答案］By all means［音字母si一Should I leave earlier tomorrow morning?一［答案］Yes,ifs better to leave earlier to avoid the morning traffic.［首字母T］一Thank you very much for answering our questions.lt really helps our market research a lot.一［答案］It, s my pleasure.一This jacket is so good. ?一It's 200 yuan.I can give you special 20% discount on it.［答案］How much is it一What do you think of your mother's advice?一______________ ［答案］It doesift fit us A actually一What kind of event are you going to plan?一［答案］A birthday party for my brother.一What starting salary do you expect?一［答案］rd like to start at Y5000 a month.一What time does the train leave?一［答案］At half past five.一What's the matter with you?—［答案］I feel a bit sick.一What's the weather like in this area?—［答案］Ifs rainy.一What's your view on our questionnaire?一［答案］First of alLWe*d better change our question order.一Whose textbook is this?一It John's.It has his name on it.［答案］must be一Why do you look unhappy.Whats the matter?一［答案］Pm rather disappointed with the poor quality of the radio I've just bought.一Would you like to go to the concert with us?一,but I've promised to help Jim with his Chinese.Thank you all the same.［答案］I wish I could一Would you mind answering some questions about your annual report?一［答案］No,as long as it doesn*t take long一'ould you mind filling the questionnaire for me? ［2019 年7 月试题］［2020 年7月试题、2021年1月试题］一［答案］No problem.一Would you mind filling the questionnaire for me?一［答案］No problem.Just give me your questionnaire.一Your plan is perfect and I believe that it will be a great success.一［答案］Thank you very much.第二大题词汇与结构第一类:空在前面的试题［首字母A］a company really wants is a candidate has the right skills.［答案］What. • • that［首字母F］face-to-face interviews,questionnaires are cheaper for collecting data from a large number of respondents.［答案］Compared to［首字母T］the feedback is very helpful for planning future meetings and events.［答案］Gettingthe fog,we should have reached the annual meeting site on time.［答案］But for［首字母w］［首字母Y］you prepare cross training plans,you need to consider both the company benefits and the employee benefits.［答案］As第二类:空在中间的试题［首字母A］A new food market will in our community next month.［答案］be builtAccording to their feedback sheets,the participants are all with the training* ［答案］satisfiedAmerican young people would rather, advice from strangers.［答案］get Anyone who has worked here for over three years is for sick pay ［答案］eligibleAre you familiar the saying/'ifs not what you know,but who you know M?In event planning,networking is key!［答案］withAt the end of the day,you want all attendees your event to remember this key message that you've spent a long time reinforcing* ［答案］leaving［首字母c］ °Customers refuse to filling the questionnaire are not permitted to buy the product* ［答案］Who［首字母D］-Did the medicine make you feel better?-No.The more , I feel.［答案］medicine I take;the worse Does his absence to your work?［答案］make a difference［首字母H］He investor should be aware of the limitations of the financial statement analysis the annual report.［答案］based onHe is this company.［答案］in charge ofHe keeps on his focus on, money ［答案］makingHe says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, other people's feelings* ［答案］regardless ofHe was always in sharing his enormous knowledge.［答案］generousHer article is in her class.［答案］the bestHiring a good employ may cost much money and time, ,it can win much more for the company in future.［答案］howeverHiring the right employee you a thousand times over in high employee morale* ［答案］pays.* .backHis action is always with his words.［答案］consistentHow many players does a baseball team?［答案］consist of［首字母I］I didn't do last week.［答案］anythingI don't know .1 just arrived here two minutes ago.［答案］whafs going on I forgot my music-book and borrowed one from Lily* ［答案］to bringI have coffee breakfast time.［答案］atI like cooking for my friends in free time・［答案］myI would rather two weeks earlier.［答案］you had come hereFd like to that the staff member who served me didn't really seem to know what he was doing.［答案］point outJf I you,! more attention to the independent auditors1 report and financial statements in the annualreport* ［答案］were;would payIf I younger,! would buy the dress.［答案］wereI'm confident in these as long as we the needs of the community residents and improve our servicequality.［答案］keep an eye onFm writing to a position as a computer engineer in your company.［答案］apply forIt is only by agreeing with their view point and that you will resolve the situation and send the customeraway happy ［答案］suggesting a possible solution［首字母L］Let's our plan.［答案］startLook!［答案］Here comes the bus［首字母M］Melinda w川discuss the matter with John, is the representative of Sunshine Medical Center* ［答案］whoMore than 30 people the position.［答案］applied for［首字母o］One day,our dreams will reality.［答案］turn intoOur company will the customers9 suggestions.［答案］respond toQur workers have been checking the heating system since you calledus.Iyou it will perform wellsoon.［答案］assure［首字母p］Participants have the Productivity Analysis Worksheet.［答案］completed People find useful information from the annual report* ［答案］could ［首字母Q］Questionnaires are easy to .［答案］analyzeQuestionnaires are not suitable some people.［答案］for［首字母T］The candidate should dress in a manner that is appropriate to the position he is applying.［答案］for whichThe enemy has strengthened their position* ［答案］defensiveThe heating system of our apartment broke down so I made a call to the community service center.［答案］complaintThe investor should be aware of the limitations of the financial statement analysisthe annual report.［答案］based onThe Jiahe Community Service Center is about to service for residents.［答案］provideThe moment I got home,! found I my jacket on the playground* ［答案］had leftThe more information you can get, in your field* ［答案］the more competitive you will beThe music like the singing of a bird.［答案］soundsThe new year is just .［答案］around the cornerThe quality of questionnaire will how much information we know from our customers* ［答案］affectThe success of our event is to the sponsor* ［答案］relatedThe training is positive results on the job they are presently .［答案］bringing about,doingThese tips may help you avoid bad employees for your company.［答案］hiringThey have disagreement the plan of celebrating the founding of the community ［答案］onThey have learned about in recent years •［答案］hundreds of English wordsThey promised the car for us •［答案］to repaired［hey since last night.They are about to finish the wo 永.［答案］have been cleaning the system［his involves the high-level reasoning behind your intentions for the event* ［答案］identifyingUnder no circumstance to tell lies to the public.［答案］are the companies allowed［首字母w］We are under to finish the task within such limited time* ［答案］pressure We feel with the inconvenience the service center brought us* ［答案］disappointedWe have to our annual work report to the manager next week.［答案］hand inWe need to carry out a proper of the new system* ［答案］evaluationWe should keep in mind the feedback is very helpful for planning future meetings and events.［答案］thatWe should take the degree account when we recruit a new secretary •［答案］intoWe think that Smith should be told about his condition as soon as possible.［答案］physicalWe 300 copies,and 240 were returned in the end.［答案］handed outWe it very much that you f ve come to give us a timely ride.Otherwise we would miss the train.［答案］appreciateWhen reading the annual report,we should look out the areas where the company did not comply with the regulations.［答案］forWhen stating problems,we can make a with those from last year* ［答案］comparisonWhen 一different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities •［答案］comparingWhere are you used to vegetables?［答案］buying-Whose textbook is this?-It John's.It has his name on if ［答案］must beWrite the telephone number down you forget* ［答案］in case［首字母Y］°t ou also should send a resume the employer know more information about you* ［答案］to letYou can try these methods to keep your interview anxiety control.［答案］underYou had better a doctor as soon as possible.［答案］seeYou must the annual certification of employment online within 15 days.［答案］submitVou need to those questionnaire papers for your company.［答案］hand out You'd better have your hair before going to your friend's wedding* ［答案］cutYour long-term success in event planning will be based the experience you had* ［答案］on第三大题阅读理解选择题［首字母A］An annual report provides} 1 jinformation about an organization.People read annual reports in different ways.Some even{2}to start at the back and work their way to the beginning.lt makes (3 ［difference how L ［答案］eful & ［答案］A.prefer 为答案］C.no& ［答案］B.both 丢［答案］B.without［首字母 A ］Angry customers tend to aim their dissatisfaction and complaints at staff members.If this happens to you,you should remember that they are actually expressing their dissatisfaction about the company21.At whom do angry customers tend to aim their dissatisfaction and complaints? ［答案］A.Staff members.22.When a customer shouts rudely at you,you should.［答案］C.keep calm and listen carefully to the customer23.The underlined sentence A Use your ears more than your mouth^means ［答案］B.You should listen more than you speak24.When dealing with an angry customer,which is NOT the right attitude?［答案］C.Be am used.25.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?［答案］C.You should relax yourself and try to understand the angry customers.［首字母E］Everyone wants to healthy and happy.When illness does come,the whole family is{1}.Many adjustments （调整）have to be made{2}the family routine （日常工作）needn't be disturbed completely .Often it canU 答案］B.affected答案］C.but勿答案］A.strain虫［答案］C.assumed金［答案］A.consequently［首字母F］If you take the following steps,you can make a satisfactory annual report. And your boss and other supporters w川be impressed.l.Do you have to gather all the information since you entered the company before writing the annual report?［答案］B.No.2.1s it reasonable to include everything of the company in order to make the annual report informative?［答案］B.No.3.What does the underlined phrase Less is more mean?［答案］ ing fewer words A making fewer parts A and so on,is simpler A and more efficient than the opposite.4.Which is NOT TURE for the functions of the visuals and charts?［答案］C.They can make the report harder to be understood.5.How many steps should you take to make your report impressive?［答案］C.Four ［首字母I J Imagine this situation:you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take(l}back to complain.You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem.They say they cannot help you,也makes you angrier,to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant.RESULT:ThisU答案］B.it% ［答案］A.which为答案］C.favours£ ［答案］A.as［［答案］B.with［首字母M ］Mary began playing the violin when she was only six.Her father came across a really old instrument at his aunt's house,and he brought it back home with him.Mary loved it and immediately tried to1 .Mary's father •［答案］C.got the violin from his aunt2.Mary began to need a better violin when she was about .［答案］B.ll3.The man at the concert told Mary's parents that •［答案］A .she had real talent4.Mary .when she was 16.［答案］B.set up her own group5.Eric Sound was the name of •［答案］B.Mary's music group［首字母P］PPHC and Goose neck are two organizations that do similar community work.Each has hired a new staff member to make contact with and provide services to new parents.1.What are PPHC and Goose neck?［答案］C.They are two organizations that do similar community work.2.Which degree does Elaine have?［答案］A.Psychology degree.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?［答案］B.Mark has a clear idea of his job after the training.4.How is Mark trained to be prepared for his work?［答案］C.Both A and B.5.What is the main idea of the passage?［答案］ A.The importance of training. ［首字母Q ］Questionnaires can be a simple way to get to knowyour audience's opinions.Though it isl.T he questionnaire contains following elements except?［答案］C.Address 2.1n order to keep your questionnaire visually attractive,you should •［答案］C.Leave enough spacebetween questions and sections.3.You should start your questionnaire with questions and then move to ones.［答M ］ A.general,specific4.What could be the best title for this passage?［答案］A.Designing an Effective Questionnaire.5.Which of the following statements is NOT correct?［答案］B.Open • ended questions cannot provide more detailed information,so you'd better not use too many open-ended questions in one questionnaire.［首字母S］ Stress around interviews is often influenced by our assumptions we make to ourselves about the process.Countering anxiety-provoking thoughts can help to lower levels of anxiety.I just messed up that1 .What often influences the stress around interviews according to the passage?［答案］B.Anxiety-provoking thoughts2.Does one poor answer in an interview influence a candidate to get a job?［答案］B.No.3.Can imagining success help a candidate to lower levels of anxiety?［答案］A • Yes.4.How can we reduce our stress around interviews?［答案］A.Breathe deeply5.When should we go to see a doctor according the author?［答案］C.When we have too much stress around interview.［首字母S］ Successful and memorable events don!t just anizing and holding an event takes planning.Whether it's an anniversary,a sporting event or a retirement party,and no matter how much time you have,your event f s success is in the details.1 .Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?［答案］C.Know the limitation means you should know the audience's limitation.2.Which is not the factor of holding a successful event?［答案］C.A invitation3.According to the passage,what is the key factor to make your event successful? ［答案］B.Details.4.What is the best title for this passage?［答案］C.How to plan successful events.5.What is the purpose of making list of details?［答案］A.Make sure not overlook things［首字母s］ Successful events don f t just happen - they're the resultof{l}.The{2}the event,the bigger theU 答案］B.planningW ［答案JA.bigge为答案］C.miss虫［答案］C. Whether9 ［答案］B.appeal to［首字母T ］The qualities of a good questionnaire It should be noted that one does not start by( 1 jquestions.Firstly.we have to decide1 what are the things one needs to know from the respondent in order toL ［答案］A.writing& ［答案］A.Secondly［答案］C.In order to& ［答案］B.In a word丢［答案］A.help［首字母T］ There are more ants than any other kinds of land animals in the world.They range from 0.1 to1 inch long and are usually yellow,brown,red,or black.Ants live in societies in which they depend on one 1 .Which kind of ants is not regarded as the main types of ants in general?［答案］Soldier ants.2.According to the passage,what do we learn about the ants' enemies?［答案］They are of many kinds.3.The red ants attack the black ants1 home because.［答案］they don*t have workers of their own4.According the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?［答案］Ants are useful to human on some conditions.5.The main purpose of the passage is to* ［答案］explain some information about ants［首字母T］ The houses we live in are very important.They keep us from being cold in the winter and hot in the summer.In the winter they keep out the snow.They also keep out the wind.Even if it is blowing outside,we21.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?［答案］B.Families and friends live in the same house.22.According to the passage,the house can keep out ［答案］C.the wind and the snow23.Houses are in sizes and many ways ［答案］C.different24.Which of the following is probably NOT the thing used to build houses?［答案］B.cotton25.From the passage we can infer that people ［答案］A • in hot places like to live the lightly-built houses to get heat［首字母T］ The houses we live in are veryJjJ.They keep us from being cold in the winter and hot in the summer.In the winter they keep out of the snow.They also keep out the wind.Even if it is blowing outside,weL ［答案］B.important & ［答案］C. where d ［答案］A.care for £ ［答案］B.sizes答案］C.built［首字母T ］The old saying practice makes perfect applies to interviewing too.Conduct practice interviews with a friend or family member,and ask for their feedback.You can also record or videotape your responses(l}you can review your answers and check your body language.Prepare answers to commonly (2j interview questions.Doing so will help you analyze your background and qualifications for the position.L ［答案］A.so& ［答案］C.asked［答案］B.simply虫［答案］C. whether9 ［答案］B.confidence［首字母W ］Want to keep your staff motivated about learning new concepts? The quality and variety of the employee training you provide are keys for motivation.Reasons to(l}employee training are many,from new-hire顼答案］A.offer答案］C. Whatever［答案］B.ultimately £［答案］B.needed I ［答案］C.continuing第三大题阅读理解判断题［首字母A］ An annual report of a company provides information about its business performance for certain people.These people include the investors,potential investors and other stakeholders .From the report,people can understand the company's business scope,recent situation and future development.The main parts of an annual report usually include chairman's letter,financial statements and operation analysis.1.An annual report of a company provides some information about its business performance for certain people.［答案］T2.People can know everything of the company from the annual report* ［答案］F3.An annual report usually includes chairman's letter,financial statements andoperation analysis* ［答案］T4. A chairman's letter should include the strategic direction moving forward* ［答案］T5.This passage is mainly about the main parts of an annual report* ［答案］T ［首字母C］ Cross training is training an employee to do a different part of the organization's work. Training worker A to do the task that worker B does and training B to do A's task is cross training. Cross training is good26.Cross training is training an employee to do a different job in a different company ［答案］F27.Cross training is beneficial not only for managers but also for employees* ［答案］T28.Cross training can apply to almost any position and almost any industry.［答案］T29.Not all employees are suitable to be cross trained* ［答案］T30.You can decide which employees to be cross trained according to their age* ［答案］F［首字母C］ Cross training is training an employee to do a different part of the organization's work.Training worker A to do the task that worker B does and training B to do A's task is cross training.Cross training is good for managers because it provides more flexibility in managing the workforce to get the job done.On the other26.Cross training is training an employee to do a different job in a different company ［答案］F27.Cross training is beneficial not only for managers but also for employees.［答案］T28.Cross training can apply to almost any position and almost any industry ［答案］T29.When you prepare cross training plans,the only consideration is the company benefits •［答案］F30.You can decide which employees to be cross trained according to their age*［答案］F［首字母F］ Feedback from your customers is very important.The more information you have from them, the more competitive you will be in your field.The following techniques will help you know what the customers think of your business.26.Hotel customers and hotel staff think the same about breakfast* ［答案］F27.A good or bad experience of a customer in a wheelchair in your shop shows whether your service is good or not.［答案］T28.1t f s not necessary to know about the customers' needs and preferences* ［答案］F29.Questionnaires are useful in getting feedback from customers.［答案］T30.Front-line staff have nothing to do with improving customer service* ［答案］F［首字母G］ Good communication skills are the key to success in life,work and relationships,Without effective communication7^ message can turn into error,misunderstanding,frustration,or even disaster by being misinterpreted or poorly delivered.26.A message must be understood,interpreted or delivered correctly with communication* ［答案］F27.When you talk with others you can pay little attention to your body language* ［答案］F28.The better you are able to understand others,the better your ability to communicate* ［答案］F29.Before stating your opinions,you*d better let the speaker finish his or her talking first J 答案］T30.Don’t argue or debate with others if you feel angry or displeased.［答案］T ［首字母H］ Hiring the right employee is a challenging process for a company. A bad hire not just wastes your time and money, but also impacts the team spirit and company morale.A good hire, however, pays you26.Hiring the wrong employee is expensive,costly to a company,and time consuming* ［答案］T27.A company has to spend a lot of money hiring a right employee* ［答案］F28.An advertisement with a clear target will make all candidates lose courage* ［答案］F29.Well designed interview questions can help you know more about the candidates,［答案］T30.Work experience is one of the primary things for an employer to verify in background checking.［答案］T ［首字母l］ If you take the following steps,you can make a satisfactory annual report.And your boss and other supporters will be impressed.26.Before writing the report,you should gather all the work you have done over the past year* ［答案］T27.The contents of the report should be selective.［答案］T28.The idiom"a picture is worth a thousand words A is appropriate here* ［答案］T29.The application of visuals and charts can make the report more boring* ［答案］F30.Ending the report with a strong call to action will offend he readers.［答案］F ［首字母O ］One morning,Wu Liang discovered that her classroom hadchanged.She found that the desks were no longer in rows,but pushed together to make eight bigger desks.She was so excited about it for the first 26.lt was easier for Wu Liang to discuss with other students in class after the new classroom arrangement.［答案］T27.The school made the reform in order to offer students more seats to study ［答案］F28.The reform has demanded more from teachers•［答案］T29.Wu Liang and her classmates like the new classroom arrangement* ［答案］F30.The best title of this passage maybe New Look in Class ［答案］T［首字母Q 或E］QUESTIONNAIRES: AD VANTAGES &amp: DIS ADVANTAGESEvery coin has two sides and questionnaires are no different.With questionnaires,the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.1.The advantages of questionnaire are more than disadvantages •［答案］T2.Questionnaire is the cheapest way for collecting data from respondents J 答案］F3.Questionnaires have the advantage of being analyzed easily through the computer software* ［答案］T4.Questionnaire is suitable for everyone* ［答案］F5.The respondent is usually the same person you sent the questionnaire to.［答案］T［首字母S ］Sixteen years ago I learned this lesson in the back of a New York City taxicab.Here f s what happened.I hopped in a taxi,and we took off for Grand Central Station,We were driving in the right lane26.0ne day the taxi almost hit another car* ［答案］T27.The author dumped some garbage in front of his car.［答案］F28.Many people like to drive garbage trucks.［答案］T29.The author used to have a lot of money ［答案］F3O.If people'Mump garbage A on you,try your best to persuade them not to do that again.［答案］F［首字母U 或S］ USE THESE 5 (OF 10) TIPS TO START YOUR EVENT PLANNING CAREER STEP 1 -Get experience and volunteer your time in different event services.There are so many aspects of events including,working for a graduation event,a sports competition,volunteering for nonprofits,and working for an established event planner. Your long-term success in event。

GMAT作文题库Argument71-80ARGU71The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store:“Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy productsfor their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU72The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a regional newspaper:“In response to petitions from the many farmers and rural landowners throughout our region, the legislature has spent valuable time and effort enacting severe laws to deter motorists from picking fruit off the trees, trampling through the fields, and stealing samples of foliage. But how can our local lawmakers occupy themselves with such petty vandalism whencrime and violence plague the natio n’s cities? The fate of apples and leavesis simply too trivial to merit their attenti on.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU73The following appeared as part of an editorial in a campus newspaper:“With an increasing demand for highly skilled workers, this nation will soon face a serious labor shortage. New positions in technical and professional occupations are increasing rapidly, while at the same time the total labor force is growing slowly. Moreover, the government is proposing to cut funds for aid to education in the near future.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU74The following appeared as part of a memorandum from a government agency:“Given the limited funding available for the building and repair of roadsand bridges, the government should not spend any money this year onfixing the bridge that crosses the Styx River. This bridge is located near acity with a weakening economy, so it is not as important as other bridges; moreover, the city population is small and thus unlikely to contribute a significant enough tax revenue to justify the effort of fixing the bridge.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU75The following appeared as part of an article in an entertainment magazine:“A series of books based on the characters from a popular movie are consistently best sellers in local bookstores. Seeking to capitalize on the books’ success, Vista Studios is planning to produce a movie sequel basedon the books. Due to the success of the books and the original movie, the sequel will undoubtedly be profitable.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. Forexample, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU76The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a popular science and technology magazine:“It is a popular myth that consumers are really benefiting from advances in agricultural technology. Granted, consumers are, on the average, spending a decreasing proportion of their income on food. But consider that the demand for food does not rise in proportion with real income. As real income rises, therefore, consumers can be expected to spend a decreasing proportion of their income on food. Yet agricultural technology is credited with having made our lives better.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU77The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“Th is city should be able to improve existing services and provide n ewo n es without periodically raising the taxes of the residents. Instead, thecity should require that the costs of services be paid for by developers who seek approval for their large new building projects. After all, theseprojects can be highly profitable to the developers, but they can also raisea cit y’s expenses and increase the demand for its services.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU78The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“In or der to avoid the serious health threats associated with many landfills, our municipality should build a plant for burning trash. An incineratorcould offer economic as well as ecological advantages over the typicalold-fashioned type of landfill: incinerators can be adapted to generate moderate amounts of electricity, and ash residue from some types of trash can be used to condition garden soil.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples mightweaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU79The following appeared in the editorial section of a monthly business newsmagazine:“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Henceit makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save mone y.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.ARGU80The following appeared as part of a company memorandum:“A dopting an official code of ethics regarding business practices may in the long run do our company more harm than good in the public eye. W henone of our competitors received unfavorable publicity for violating its owncode of ethics, it got more attention from the media than it would have if it had had no such code. Rather than adopt an official code of ethics, therefore, we should instead conduct a publicity campaign that stresses the importance of protecting the environment and assisting charitable organizati ons.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.。

2020年ACCA考试F1管理学术语英汉对照解释(1) Foundations of Control：1、Control：控制The process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and of correcting any significant deviations.是对各项活动的监视，从而保证各项行动按计划实行并纠正各种显著偏差的过程。

2、Market control：市场控制An approach to control that emphasizes the use ofexternal market mechanisms to establish the standards used in the control system.是一种强调使用外在市场机制，在系统中建立使用标准来达到控制的方法。

3、Bureaucratic control：官僚控制An approach to control that emphasizes organizational authority and relies on administrative rules， regulations，procedures， and policies.是一种强调组织的，依靠管理规章、制度、过程及政策来实现控制系统的方法。

4、Clan control：小集团控制An approach to control in which employee behavior is regulated by the shared values， norms， traditions， rituals，beliefs，and other aspects of the organization‘s culture.在小集团控制下，员工的行为靠共同的价值、规范、传统、仪式、信念及其他组织文化方面的东西来调节。

CFA考试《CFA一级》历年真题和解析答案0302-931、An analyst does research about trade restriction.A primary reason for a countryto adopt restrictions on international trade is that restrictions typically:【单选题】A.improve short-run economic efficiency.B.benefit consumers at the expense of producers.C.provide concentrated benefits to a small group of people.正确答案:C答案解析:限制国际贸易并不能促进短期的经济有效性，而是有利于生产厂商，并且会牺牲消费者的利益。

但是，限制国际贸易为一小部分人提供了利益，如本地的生产厂商受到国外产品的竞争会减少，从而能够获得更多的利润。

2、An analyst does research about deferred tax asset and liability and gathers thefollowing information about a company:Assuming there are no other differences between accounting and tax profit, thecompany most likely records:【单选题】A.A deferred tax asset of $ 315.B.A deferred tax liability of $ 315.C.A deferred tax liability of $ 585.正确答案:B答案解析:财务报表与税单上的折旧差异造成了递延所得税负债(DTL)，DTL在数值上等于折旧之差再乘以税率。

题目：1. Material, human, financial, and informational are combined to be________.选项A：foundations of business选项B：a service business选项C：marketing research report答案：foundations of business题目：2. By studying business, you can become ________ and investor and be a better employee.选项A：more informed a consumer选项B：a more informing consumers选项C：a more informed consumer答案：a more informed consumer题目：3. ________ has been based on private ownership of property and freedom of enterprise since the 17th century.选项A：Businesses in America选项B：American business选项C：American government答案：American business题目：4. One criterion for evaluating the performance of an economic system is to ________ changes in productivity.选项A：assess选项B：assessing选项C：access答案：assess题目：5. The factors of supply and demand generally ________ the price that consumers pay producers for goods and services.选项A：add to选项B：influence选项C：cut down答案：add to题目：The three general types of businesses are manufacturers, service businesses, and marketing middlemen.Profit is what remains after all business expenses are deducted from sales revenue.Since its beginnings in the seventeenth century, American business has been based on private ownership of property and freedom of enterprise.Economics is the study of how wealth is created and distributed.Government collects taxes from businesses and households and uses tax revenues to purchase the resources and products with which to provide its services.答案：Key1.企业的三种一般类型是制造商、服务商和营销中介。

1Introduction to strategic management accounting1.1I ntroduction to planning, control and decision making☞Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the resource to attain these objectives, and on the policies that are to govern the acquisition, use and disposition of these resources.☞Characteristics of strategic information⏹Long term and wide scope⏹Generally formulated in writing⏹Widely circulated广泛流传⏹Doesn’t trigger direct action, but series of lesser plans⏹Includes selection of products, purchase of non-current assets, required levels ofcompany profit☞Management control: the process by which management ensure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organisation’s objectives. It is sometimes called tactics ad tactical planning.☞Characteristics of management accounting information⏹Short-term and non-strategic⏹Management control planning activities include preparing annual sales budget⏹Management control activities include ensuring budget targets are reached⏹Carried out in a series of routine and regular planning and comparison procedures⏹Management control information covers the whole organisation, is routinely collected,is often quantitative and commonly expressed in money terms (cash flow forecasts, variance analysis reports, staffing levels⏹Source of information likely to be endogenous内生的☞Characteristics of operational control⏹Short-term and non-strategic⏹Occurs in all aspects of an organisations activities and need for day to dayimplementation of plans⏹Often carried out at short notice⏹Information likely to have an endogenous source, to be detailed transaction data,quantitative and expressed in terms of units/hours⏹Includes customer orders and cash receipts.1.2Management accounting information for strategic planning and control☞Strategic management accounting is a form of management accounting in which emphasis is placed on information about factors which are external to the organisation, as well as non-financial and internally-generated information.⏹External orientation: competitive advantage is relative; customer determination⏹Future orientation: forward- and outward looking; concern with values.⏹Goal congruence: translates the consequences of different strategies into a commonaccounting language for comparison; relates business operations to financial performance.1.3Planning and control at strategic and operational levels☞Linking strategy and operations, if not: unrealistic plans, inconsistent goals, poor communication, inadequate performance measurement.1.3.1Strategic control systems☞Formal systems of strategic control:⏹strategy review;⏹identify milestones of performance( outline critical success factors, short-term stepstowards long-term goals, enables managers to monitor actions)⏹Set target achievement levels (targets must be reasonably precise, suggest strategiesand tactics, relative to competition)⏹Formal monitoring of the strategic process⏹Reward.☞Desired features of strategic performance measures⏹Focus on what matters in the long term⏹Identify and communicate drivers of success⏹Support organisational learning⏹Provide a basis for reward⏹Measurable; meaningful; acceptable;⏹Described by strategy and relevant to it⏹Consistently measured⏹Re-evaluated regularly1.4Benchmarking1.4.1Types of benchmarking☞Internal benchmarking: easy; no innovative or best-practice.☞Industry benchmarking:⏹Competitor benchmarking: difficult to obtain information⏹Non-competitor benchmarking: motivate☞Functional benchmarking: find new, innovative ways to create competitive advantage1.4.2Stages of benchmarking☞Set objectives and determine the area to benchmark☞Establish key performance measures.☞Select organizations to study☞Measure own and others performance☞Compare performance☞Design and implement improvement prgoramme☞Monitor improvements1.4.3Reasons for benchmarking☞Assess current strategic position☞Assess generic competitive strategy☞Spur to innovation☞Setting objectives and targets☞Cross comparisons☞Implementing change☞Identifies the process to improve☞Helps with cost reduction, or identifying areas where improvement is required☞Improves the effectiveness of operations☞Delivers services to a defined standard☞Provide early warning of competitive disadvantage1.4.4Disadvantages of benchmarking☞Implies there is one best way of doing business☞Yesterday’s solution to tomorrow’s problem☞Catching-up exercise rather than the development of anything distinctive☞Depends on accurate information about comparator companies☞Potential negative side effects of ‘what gets measured gets done’.2Performance management and control of the organization2.1Strengths and weaknesses of alternative budget models2.1.1Incremental budgeting☞Is the traditional approach to setting a budget and involves basing next year’s budget on the current year’s results plus an extra amount for estimated growth of inflation next year. ☞Strengths: easy to prepare; can be flexed to actual levels to provide more meaningful control information☞Weaknesses: does not take account of alternative options; does not look for ways of improving performance; only works if current operations are as effective, efficient and economical as they can be; encourage slack in the budget setting process.2.1.2Zero based budgeting☞Preparing a budget for each cost centre from scratch.☞Strengths:⏹Provides a budgeting and planning tool for management that responds to changes inthe business environment.⏹Requires the organization to look very closely at its cost behavior patterns, andimproves understanding of cost-behaviour patterns.⏹Should help identify inefficient or obsolete processes, and thereby also help reducecosts.⏹Results in a more efficient allocation of resources⏹Be particularly useful in not-for-profit organizations which have a focus on achievingvalue for money.☞Weaknesses:⏹Requires a lot of management time and effort⏹Requires training in the use of ZBB techniques so that these are applied properly⏹Questioning current practices and processes can be seen as threatening2.1.3Rolling budgets☞Continuously updated by adding a further period when the earliest period has expired.☞Strengths:⏹Reduce the uncertainty of budgeting for business operating in an unstableenvironment. It is easier to predict what will happen in the short-term.⏹Most suitable form of budgeting for organizations in uncertain environments, wherefuture activity levels, costs or revenues cannot be accurately foreseen.⏹Planning and control is based on a more recent plan which is likely to be morerealistic an more relevant than a fixed annual budget drawn up several months ago.⏹The process of updating the budget means that managers identify current changes( and so can respond to these changes more quickly)⏹More realistic targets provide a better basis on which to appraise managers’performance⏹Realistic budgets are likely to have a better motivational effect on managers.☞Weaknesses:⏹Require time, effort and money to prepare and keep updating. If managers spend toolong preparing/revising budgets, they will have less time to control and manage actual results⏹Managers may not see the value in the continuous updating of budgets⏹May be demotivating if targets are constantly changing⏹It may not be necessary to update budgets so regularly in a stable operatingenvironment.2.1.4Flexible budgets☞Recognizing the potential uncertainty, budgets designed to adjust costs levels according to changes in the actual levels of activity and output.☞Strengths:⏹Finding out well in advance the costs of idle time and so on if the output falls belowbudget.⏹Being able to plan for the alternative use of spare capacity if output falls short ofbudget☞Weaknesses:⏹As many errors in modern industry are fixed costs, the value of flexible budgets as aplanning tool are limited.⏹Where there is a high degree of stability, the administrative effort in flexiblebudgeting produces little extra benefit. Fixed budgets can be perfectly adequate in these circumstances.2.1.5Activity based budgeting☞Involves defining the activities that underlie the financial figures in each function and usingthe level of activity to decide how much resources should be allocated, how well it is being managed and to explain variance from budget.☞Strengths:⏹Ensures that the organisation’s overall strategy and any changes to that strategy willbe taken into account.⏹Identifies critical success factors which are activities that a business must perform wellif it is to succeed⏹Recognizes that activities drive costs; so encourages a focus on controlling andmanaging cost drivers rather than just the costs⏹Concentrate on the whole activities so that there is more likelihood of getting it rightfirst time.☞Weaknesses:⏹Requires time and effort to prepare so suited to a more complex organization withmultiple cost drivers.⏹May be difficult to identify clear individual responsibilities for activities⏹Only suitable for organization which have adopted an activity-based costing system⏹ABBs are not suitable for all organization, especially with significant proportions offixed overheads.2.1.6The future of budgeting☞Criticisms of traditional budgeting⏹Time consuming and costly⏹Major barrier to responsiveness, flexibility and change⏹Adds little value given the amount of management time required⏹Rarely strategically focused⏹Makes people feel undervalued⏹Reinforces department barriers rather than encouraging knowledge sharing⏹Based on unsupported assumptions and guesswork as opposed to sound,well-constructed performance data⏹Development and updated infrequently2.2Budgeting in not-for-profit organizations☞Special issues: the budget process inevitably has considerable influence on organizational processes, and represents the financial expression of policies resulting from politically motivated goals and objectives. The reality of life for many public sector managers is an subjected to(受---支配) growing competition.⏹Be prevented from borrowing funds⏹Prevent the transfer of funds from one budget head to another without compliancewith various rules and regulations⏹Plan one financial year.⏹Incremental budgeting and the bid system are widely used.2.3Evaluating the organisation’s move beyond budgeting2.3.1Conventional budgeting in a changing environment☞Weaknesses of traditional budgets:⏹Adds little value, requires far too much valuable management time⏹Too heavy a reliance on the ‘agreed’ budget has an adverse impact on managementbehavior, which can become dysfunctional(功能失调的) with regard to(关于) the objectives of the organization as a whole⏹The use of budgeting as a base for communicating corporate goals, is contrary to theoriginal purpose of budgeting as a financial control mechanism⏹Most budgets are not based on a rational, causal(因果关系的) model of resourceconsumption, but are often the result of protracted internal bargaining processes.⏹Conformance to budget is not seen as compatible with a drive towards continuousimprovement⏹Traditional budgeting processes have insufficient external focus.2.3.2The beyond budgeting model☞Rolling budgets focus management attention on current and likely future realities within the organizational context, it is seen as an attempt to keep ahead of change, or strictly speaking to be more in control of the response to the challenges facing the organization. ☞Benefits:⏹Creates and fosters a performance climate based on competitive success. Managerialfocus shifts from beating other managers for a slice(部分) of resources to beating the competition.⏹It motivates properly by giving them challenges, responsibilities and clear values asguidelines. Rewards are team-based⏹It empowers operational managers to act by removing resource constraints. Speedingup the response to environmental threats and enabling quick exploitation of new opportunities.⏹It devolves performance responsibilities to operational management who are closer tothe action.⏹It establishes customer-orientated teams that are accountable for profitable customeroutcomes.⏹Creates transparent and open information systems throughout the organization,provides fast, open and distributed information to facilitate control at all levels.3Business structure, IT development and other environmental and ethical issues3.1Business structure and information needs3.1.1Functional departmentation☞Information characteristics and needs: information flows vertically; functions tend to be isolated☞Implications for performance management⏹Structure is based on work specialism⏹Economies of scale⏹Does not reflect the actual business processes by which values is created⏹Hard to identify where profits and losses are made on individual products or inindividual markets⏹People do not have an understanding of how the whole business works⏹Problems of co-ordinating the work of different specialisms.3.1.2The divisional form☞Information characteristics and needs⏹Divisionalisation is the division of a business into autonomous regions⏹Communication between divisions and head office is restricted, formal and related toperformance standards⏹Headquarters management influence prices and therefore profitability when it setstransfer prices between divisions.⏹Divisionalisation is a function of organisation size, in numbers and in product-marketactivities.☞Implications for performance management⏹Divisional management should be free to use their authority to do what they think isright, but must be held accountable to head office⏹ A division must be large enough to support the quantity and quality of managementit needs⏹Each division must have a potential for growth in its own area of operations⏹There should be scope and challenge in the job for the management of the division☞Advantages:⏹Focuses the attention of subordinate(下级) management on business performanceand results⏹Management by objectives can be applied more easily⏹Gives more authority to junior managers, more senior positions⏹Tests junior managers in independent command early in their careers and at areasonably low level in the management hierarchy.⏹Provides an organisation structure which reduces the number of levels ofmanagement.☞Problems:⏹Partly insulated from shareholders and capital markets⏹The economic advantages it offers over independent organisations ‘reflectfundamental inefficiencies in capital markets’⏹The divisions are more bureaucratic than they would be as independent corporation⏹Headquarters management usurp divisional profits by management charges,cross-subsidies, unfair transfer pricing systems.⏹Sometime, it is impossible to identify completely independent products or markets⏹Divisionalisation is only possible at a fairly senior management level⏹Halfway house(中途地点)⏹Divisional performance is not directly assessed by the market⏹Conglomerate diversification3.1.3Network organisations☞Information characteristics and needs: achieve innovative response in a changingcircumstances; communication tends to be lateral(侧面的), information and advice are given rather than instructions(指令) and decisions.☞Virtual teams: share information and tasks; make joint decision; fulfil the collaborative function of a team)☞Implications for performance management⏹Staffing: shamrock organisation⏹Leasing of facilities such as IT, machinery and accommodation(住房)⏹Production itself might be outsourced⏹Interdependence of organisations☞Benefits: cost reduction; increased market penetration; experience curve effects.3.2Business process re-engineering3.2.1Business processes and the technological interdependence betweendepartments☞Pooled interdependence(联营式相互依赖): each department works independently to the others, subjects to achieve the overall goals☞Sequential interdependence(序列式相互依存): a sequence with a start and end point.Management effort is required to ensure than the transfer of resources between departments is smooth.☞Reciprocal interdependence(互惠式相互依存): a number of departments acquire inputs from and offer outputs to each other.3.2.2Key characteristics of organisations which have adopted BPR☞Work units change from functional departments to process teams, which replace the old functional structure☞Jobs change. Job enlargement and job enrichment☞People’s roles change. Make decisions relevant to the process☞Performance measures concentrate on results rather than activities.☞Organisation structures change from hierarchical to flat3.3Business integration3.3.1Mckinsey 7S model☞Hard elements of business behaviour⏹Structure: formal division of tasks; hierarchy of authority⏹Strategy: plans to outperform胜过its competitors.⏹Systems: technical systems of accounting, personnel, management information☞‘soft’ elements⏹Style: shared assumptions, ways of working, attitudes and beliefs⏹Shared values: guiding beliefs of people in the organisation as to why it exists⏹Staff: people⏹Skills: those things the organisation does well3.3.2Teamwork and empowerment☞Aspects of teams:⏹Work organisation: combine the skills of different individuals and avoid complexcommunication⏹Control: control the behaviour and performance of individuals, resolve conflict⏹Knowledge generation: generate ideas⏹Decision making: investigate new developments, evaluate new decisions☞Multi-disciplinary teams:⏹Increases workers‘ awareness of their overall objectives and targets⏹Aids co-ordination⏹Helps to generate solutions to problems, suggestions for improvements☞Changes to management accounting systems⏹Source of input information: sources of data, methods used to record data⏹Processing involved: cost/benefit calculation⏹Output required: level of detail and accuracy of output, timescales involved⏹Response required:⏹When the output is required:3.4Information needs of manufacturing and service businesses3.4.1Information needs of manufacturing businesses☞Cost behaviour:⏹Planning: standard costs, actual costs compared with⏹Decision making: estimates of future costs to assess the likely profitability of a product⏹Control: monitor total cost information☞Quality: the customer satisfaction is built into the manufacturing system and its outputs☞Time: production bottlenecks, delivery times, deadlines, machine speed☞Innovation: product development, speed to market, new process. Experience curve, economies of scale, technological improvements.☞Valuation:☞Strategic, tactical and operational information⏹Strategic: future demand estimates, new product development plans, competitoranalysis⏹Tactical: variance analysis, departmental accounts, inventory turnover⏹Operational: production reject rates, materials and labour used, inventory levels3.4.2Service businesses☞Characteristics distinguish from manufacturing:⏹Intangibility: no substance⏹Inseparability/simultaneity: created at the same time as they are consumed⏹Variability/heterogeneity异质性: problem of maintaining consistency in the standardof output⏹Perishability非持久性:⏹No transfer of ownership:☞Strategic, tactical and operational information⏹Strategic: forecast sales growth and market share, profitability, capital structure⏹Tactical: resource utilisation, customer satisfaction rating⏹Operational: staff timesheets, customer waiting time, individual customer feedback3.5Developing management accounting systems3.5.1Setting up a management accounting system☞The output required: identify the information needs of managers☞When the output is required:☞The sources of input information: the output required dictate the input made3.6Stakeholders’ goals and objectives3.6.1The stakeholder view☞Organisations are rarely controlled effectively by shareholders☞Large corporations can manipulate markets. Social responsibility☞Business receive a lot of government support☞Strategic decisions by businesses always have wider social consequences.3.6.2Stakeholder theory☞Strong stakeholder view: each stakeholder in the business has a legitimate claim on management attention. Management’s job is to balance stakeholder demands:⏹Managers who are accountable to everyone are accountable to none⏹Danger of the managers favour their own interests⏹Confuses a stakeholder’s interest in a firm with a person citizenship of a state⏹People have interest, but this does not give them rights.3.7Ethics and organisation3.7.1Short-term shareholder interest(laissez-faire自由主义stance)☞Accept a duty of obedience to the demands of the law, but would not undertake to comply with any less substantial rules of conduct.3.7.2Long-term shareholder interest (enlightened self-interest开明自利)☞The organisation’s corporate image may be enhanced by an assumption of wider responsibilities.☞The responsible exercise of corporate power may prevent a built-up of social and political pressure for legal regulation.3.7.3Multiple stakeholder obligations☞Accept the legitimacy of the expectations of stakeholders other than shareholders. It is important to take account of the views of stakeholders with interests relating to social and environmental matters.☞Shape of society: society is more important than financial and other stakeholder interests.3.7.4Ethical dilemmas☞Extortion: foreign officials have been known to threaten companies with the complete closure of their local operations unless suitable payments are made☞Bribery: payments for service to which a company is not legally entitled☞Grease money: cash payments to the right people to oil the machinery of bureaucracy.☞Gifts: are regard as an essential part of civilised negotiation.4Changing business environment and external factors4.1The changing business environment4.1.1The changing competitive environment☞Manufacturing organisations:⏹Before 1970s, domestic markets because of barriers of communication andgeographical distance, few efforts to maximise efficiency and improve management practices.⏹After 1970s, overseas competitors, global networks for acquiring raw materials anddistributing high-quality, low-priced goods.☞Service organisations:⏹Prior to the 1980s: service organisations were government-owned monopolies, wereprotected by a highly-regulated, non-competitive environment.⏹After 1980s: privatisation of government-owned monopolies and deregulation, intensecompetition, led to the requirement of cost management and management accounting information systems.☞Changing product life cycles: competitive environment, technological innovation, increasingly discriminating and sophisticated customer demands.☞Changing customer requirements: Cost efficiency, quality (TQM), time (speedier response to customer requests), innovation☞New management approaches: continuous improvement, employee empowerment; total value-chain analysis☞Advanced manufacturing technology(AMT): encompasses automatic production technology, computer-aided design and manufacturing, flexible manufacturing systems and a wide array of innovative computer equipment.4.1.2The limitation of traditional management accounting techniques in achanging environment☞Cost reporting: costs are generally on a functional basis, the things that businesses do are “process es’ that cut across functional boundaries☞Absorption costing(归纳成本计算法)☞Standard costing: ignores the impact of changing cost structures; doesn’t provide any incentive to try to reduce costs further, is inconsistent with the philosophy of continuous improvement.☞Short-term financial measures: narrowly focused☞Cost accounting methods: trace raw materials to various production stages via WIP. With JIT systems, near-zero inventories, very low batch sizes, cost accounting and recording systems are greatly simplified.☞Performance measures: product the wrong type of response☞Timing: cost of a product is substantially determined when it is being designed, however, management accountants continue to direct their efforts to the production stage.☞Controllability: only a small proportion of ‘direct costs’are genuinely controllable in the short term.☞Customers: many costs are driven by customers, but conventional cost accounting does not recognise this.☞The solution: changes are taking place in management accounting in order to meet the challenge of modern developments.4.2Risk and uncertainty4.2.1Types of risk and uncertainty☞Physical: earthquake, fire, blooding, and equipment breakdown. Climatic changes: global warming, drought;☞Economic: economic environment turn out to be wrong☞Business: lowering of entry barriers; changes in customer/supplier industries; new competitors and factors internal to the firm; management misunderstanding of core competences; volatile cash flows; uncertain returns☞Product life cycle:☞Political: nationalisation, sanctions, civil war, political instability☞Financial:4.2.2Accounting for risk☞Quantify the risk:⏹Rule of thumb methods: express a range of values from worst possible result to bestpossible result with a best estimate lying between these two extremes.⏹Basic probability theory: expresses the likelihood of a forecast result occurring⏹Dispersion or spread values with different possible outcomes: standard deviation.4.2.3Basic probability theory and expected valuesEV=ΣpxP=the probability of an outcome occurringX=the value(profit or loss) of that outcome4.2.4Risk preference☞Risk seeker: is a decision maker who is interested trying to secure the best outcomes no matter how small the chance they may occur☞Risk neutral: a decision maker is concerned with what will be the most likely outcome☞Risk averse: a decision maker acts on the assumption that the worst outcome might occur ☞Risk appetite is the amount of risk an organisation is willing to take on or is prepared to accept in pursuing its strategic objectives.4.2.5Decision rules☞Maximin decision rule: select the alternative that offers the least unattractive worst outcome. Maximise the minimum achievable profit.⏹Problems: risk-averse approach, lead to defensive and conservative, without takinginto account opportunities for maximising profits⏹Ignores the probability of each different outcome taking place☞Maximax: looking for the best outcome. Maximise the maximum achievable profit⏹It ignores probabilities;⏹It is over-optimistic☞Minimax regret rule: minimise the regret from making the wrong decision. Regret is the opportunity lost through making the wrong decision⏹Regret for any combination of action and circumstances=profit for best action in shoescircumstances – profit for the action actually chosen in those circumstances4.3Factors to consider when assessing performance4.3.1Political factors☞Government policy; government plans for divestment(剥夺)/rationalisation; quotas, tariffs, restricting investment or competition; regulate on new products.☞Government policy affecting competition: purchasing decisions; regulations and control;policies to prevent the concentration of too much market share in the hands of one or two producers4.3.2Economic environment☞Gross domestic product: grown or fallen? Affection on the demand of goods/services☞Local economic trends: businesses rationalising or expanding? Rents increasing/falling?The direction of house prices moving? Labour rates☞Inflation: too high to making a plan, uncertain of future financial returns; too low to depressing consumer demand; encouraging investment in domestic industries; high rate leading employees to demand higher money wages to compensate for a fall in the value of their wages☞Interest rates: affect consumer confidence and liquidity, demand; cost of borrowing increasing, reducing profitability;☞Exchange rates: impact on the cost of overseas imports; prices affect overseas customers ☞Government fiscal policy: increasing/decreasing demands; corporate tax policy affecting on the organisation; sales tax(VAT) affecting demand.☞Government spending:☞Business cycle: economic booming or in recession; counter-cyclical industry; the forecast state of the economic4.3.3Funding☞Reasons for being reluctant to obtain further debt finance:⏹Fear the company can’t service the debt, make the required capital and interestpayments on time⏹Can’t use the tax shield, to obtain any tax benefit from interest payments⏹Lacks the asset base to generate additional cash if needed or provide sufficientsecurity⏹Maintain access to the capital markets on good terms.4.3.4Socio-cultural factors☞Class: different social classes have different values。

第一章测试1【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicofaperfectcompetitivemarket?A.Itishighlyregulated.B.Price,cost,andqualityinformationareequallydistributed.C.Anearlyinfinitesetofsupplierscompeteagainstoneanother.D.Customershaveaccesstoallrelevantinformationworldwide.2【单选题】(2分)Allofthefollowingwerevisionsofe-commerceexpressedduringtheearlyyearsofe-commerc eexcept:A.disintermediation.B.anearlyperfectinformationmarketspace.C.friction-freecommerce.D.fastfolloweradvantage.3【多选题】(2分)TheReinventionperiodischaracterizedby_________.A.viralmarketingB.disintermediationC.user-generatedcontentD.localeconomy4【单选题】(2分)Theearlyyearsofe-commerceareconsidered:A.aneconomist'sdreamcometrue,whereforabrieftime,consumershadaccesstoallrelevantmarketinformationa ndtransactioncostsplummeted.B. astunningtechnologicalsuccessastheInternetandtheWebincreasedfromafewthousandtobillionsofe-comm ercetransactionsperyear.C.adramaticbusinesssuccessas85%ofdot-comsformedsince1995becameflourishingbusinesses.D. themostpromisingtimeinhistoryforthesuccessfulimplementationoffirstmoveradvantages.5【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingreferstoanydisparityinrelevantmarketinformationamongpartiesinatr ansaction?A.imperfectcompetitionB.dynamicpricingC.informationasymmetryD.unfaircompetitiveadvantage6【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthetraditionaltradeoffbetweentherichnessan dreachofamarketingmessagepriortothedevelopmentoftheWeb?A.Thesmallertheaudiencereached,thelessrichthemessage.B.Marketingmessageshadlittlerichness.C.Richnesswasunrelatedtoreach.D.Thelargertheaudiencereached,thelessrichthemessage.7【单选题】(2分)Whichofthefollowingisnotauniquefeatureofe-commercetechnology?A.socialtechnologyB.informationasymmetryC.interactivityD.richness8【单选题】(2分)E-commerceisavailablejustabouteverywhereandanytime.Thisisknownas:A.ubiquity.B.reach.C.richness.D.informationdensity.9【判断题】(2分) Interactivitythatenablesproductcustomizationaltersindustrystructurebydecreasingthethr eatofsubstitutes.A.对B.错10【判断题】(2分) Costtransparencyreferstotheeasewithwhichconsumerscanfindoutthevarietyofpricesina marketA.对B.错11【多选题】(2分)Theuniquefeaturesofe-commercetechnologyinclude:A.UbiquityB.SpecificstandardsC.GlobalReachD.Richness12【多选题】(2分)Thegrowthofsociale-commerceisdrivenby_________.A.sharingofproducts,services,andcontentonsocialaccountsB.networknotificationC.integratedsocialcommercetoolsD.socialsign-on13【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisaleadingplatformforsociale-commerce?A.AmazonB.WikipediaC.FacebookD.eBay14【单选题】(2分)Whichtypeofe-commercegeneratedthelargestrevenue？A.M-commerceB.B2CC.B2BD.C2C15【多选题】(2分)Economistsearlyvisionsaboute-commerceinclude_________A.ConsumersarenotpricesensitiveB.InformationasymmetrywouldbegreatlyreducedC.anearlyperfectcompetitiveD.disintermediation第二章测试1【判断题】(2分)Ane-commercebusinessmodelaimstouseandleveragetheuniquequalitiesoftheInternet,th eWeb,andthemobileplatform.A.对B.错2【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisanexampleoftheaffiliaterevenuemodel?A.JDB.QQmusicC.eBayD.Amazon3【单选题】(2分) Assumeyouareanalyzingthemarketopportunityofadistancelearningcompany,Learnmore. com,thatcreateseducationcoursesdeliveredovertheInternetfortheFortune1000corporate market.Assumethattheoverallsizeofthedistancelearningmarketis$25billion.Theoverallm arketcanbebrokendownintothreemajormarketsegments:Corporate,College,andElement ary/HighSchool,eachofwhichaccountsforathirdofthemarket.WithintheCorporatemarket,t herearetwomarketniches:Fortune1000,whichaccountsfor60%ofthemarket,andallothers, whichtogetheraccountfor40%'srealisticmarketoppor tunity,approximately?A.$5billionB.$6.6billionC.$165billionD.$25billion4【单选题】(2分) AllofthefollowingcanbeconsideredadirectorindirectcompetitorofAmazonexcept:A.Priceline.B.eBay.C.Apple'siTunesStore.D.Walmart.5【单选题】(2分) Allofthefollowingmayleadtoacompetitiveadvantageexcept:A.fewerproducts.B.lessexpensivesuppliers.C.betteremployees.D.superiorproducts.6【判断题】(2分) Thesinglemostimportantelementofabusinessmodelisthemanagementteamresponsiblefo rmakingthemodelwork.A.错B.对7【判断题】(2分)Cooperationwithkeyopinionleaders(KOL)hasbecomethemostpopularmarketingstrategyf orsocialmediaplatformsandadvertisersinChina.A.错B.对8【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofacompanyusingthecontentprovidermodel?A.DellB.eBayC.NetflixD.Priceline9【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisnotavariationofthee-tailerbusinessmodel?A.bricks-and-clicksB.virtualmerchantC.manufacturer-directD.marketcreator10【多选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingbelongtomajortypesofe-tailers?A.virtualmerchantB.bricks-and-clicksC.CommunityprovidersD.manufacturer-direct11【多选题】(2分)Serviceproviderstrade_________forrevenue.A.CapabilitiesB.KnowledgeC.ExpertiseD.Products12【判断题】(2分)On-demandservicecompaniesarecharacterizedbythefreesharingofresourcesbetweenth ecompanyandconsumers.A.错B.对13【单选题】(2分)A______isadigitalnetworkdesignedtocoordinatetheflowofcommunicationsamongfirmse ngagedinbusinesstogether.A.industryconsortiaB.privateindustrialnetworkC.exchangeD.e-distributor14【多选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingcompaniesareexamplesofindustryconsortia?A.GraingerB.BoschC.AribaD.Schaeffler15【多选题】(2分)WhichofthefollowingaretrueforWalmart’snetwork?A.monitorthesalesoftheirgoodsB.monitortheactualinventoryleveloftheirgoodsC.ItisoneofthelargestprivateindustrialnetworksintheworldD.Noneoftheabove第三章测试1【判断题】(2分) AroughlyequalpercentageofmenandwomenusetheInternettoday.A.对B.错2【多选题】(2分)Consumerbehavioristhestudyofhowindividuals,groups,andorganizations_______goods, services,ideas,orexperiencestosatisfytheirneedsandwants.A.BuyB.UseC.SelectD.Disposeof3【判断题】(2分)ChineseSingles’DayshoppingfestivalisasuccessfulapplicationofFOMO.A.错B.对4【多选题】(2分)Aconsumer’sbuyingbehaviorisinfluencedbyindependentdemographicvariableswhichincl ude__________.A.CulturalfactorsB.MarketingcampaignsC.SocialfactorsD.Psychologicalfactors5【单选题】(2分)______occurswhenacompetitorclicksonsearchengineresultsandads,forcingtheadvertis ertopayfortheclickeventhoughtheclickisnotjustified.A.BiddingprocessB.LinkfarmC.AdBlockingD.Clickfraud6【多选题】(2分)Howcanabusinessoptimizeitswebsite?A.updatecontentfrequentlyB.makeahighbidintheSEMauctionC.designthesitetobeeasilyrecognizedandreadbythesearchengineD.CarefullychoosekeywordsusedontheWebpages7【多选题】(2分)Both________and_________arethemainthingsthatdetermineyourperformanceintheauc tion.A.TopicofyourwebsiteB.ThemaximumCPCC.QualityscoreD.Brand8【判断题】(2分)Organicsearchresultsdependsonabiasedalgorithm.A.对B.错9【判断题】(2分)AmazonAssociatesProgramisaprivateindustrialnetworks.A.错B.对10【判断题】(2分)Contextadvertisingisbasedonapay-per-clickbasis.A.错B.对11【单选题】(2分) Advertisingnetworksallowadvertiserstargetspecificcustomersbasedontheprofileoftheau dienceviewingthecontent.Thisiscalled__________.A.contextadvertisingB.personalizedadvertisingC.viraladvertisingD.seachengineoptimization12【单选题】(2分) WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofadvertisingnetworks’functions?A.Designadvertisement.B.Handlethemoneyinvolved.C.Createanetworkofbothpublishersandadvertisersandplacerelevant/personalizedadsonpublishers.D.Collectandsharedatawithbusinesses.13【判断题】(2分) RichMediaAdsarealsotheleasteffectiveandthelowestcostformofonlinemarketing.A.对B.错14【判断题】(2分) RichMediaAdsarefarmoreeffectivethansimplebannerads.A.对B.错15【判断题】(2分)Comparedwithotheradformats,sponsorshipsarenotinanovertlycommercialmanner.A.错B.对第四章测试1【多选题】(2分)Whichofthefollowingaresocialmarketingplayers?A.TikTok(抖音)B.TaobaoC.PinterestD.RED（小红书）2【判断题】(2分) Socialmarketingstrengthensthebrandanddrivessalesbyhavingconversationwithcustome rs.A.对B.错3【多选题】(2分)Whichofthefollowingistheonlineversionofword-of-mouthadvertising?A.LocalmarketingB.SearchenginemarketingC.MobilemarketingD.Viralmarketing4【多选题】(2分)Themovie NeZha appliedthefollowingviralmarketingstrategies:______.A.ManystarsalsoforwardedpostsaboutthemovieandevencosplayedNeZha.B.therearenumerousmomentsinthemoviethatweredeeplyresonant.C.GoodqualityofthemovieledtopositivecommentsonDoubanD.createdpostsonWeibowithkeyswordssuchas“国漫崛起”，“东方神话IP”whicharousedaudience’spatriotics entiment.5【单选题】(2分)________referstoamoreorlessstablegroupoffanswhoareengagedandcommunicatingwit honeanotheroverasubstantialperiodoftime.A.fanacquisitionB.communityC.amplificationD.barndstrength6【多选题】(2分) Marketershaveanumberoftacticstobuildcommunities,includingA.insideinformationonnewproductsB.freegiftsforbringinginnewmembers.C.pricediscountforloyaltyD.guidanceandrecommendationsforcustomers7【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopularuseformobiledevices?A.performingtasks,suchasfinancesB.shoppingC.socializingD.entertainment8【单选题】(2分)Whichofthefollowingisthesecond-mostpopularmobilemarketingformat?A.mobilemessagingB.displayadvertisingC.searchengineadvertisingD.videoadvertising9【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingaccountsforthemostmobileadspending?A.SMStextmessagesB.searchengineadvertisingC.displayadsD.videoads10【判断题】(2分) Chinesepeopleprimarilyusemobiledevicesforshoppingorbuying.A.对B.错11【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopularmobilemarketingformat?A.displayadvertisingB.searchengineadvertisingC.videoadvertisingD.mobilemessaging12【判断题】(2分) Displayadvertisinghasthelargestsizeofmobilemarketingexpenditures.A.对B.错13【单选题】(2分)Friend-finderservices答案thequestionof__________.A.Whereareyou?Where’sthecrowd?B.Whereismychild?C.What'sthebestrestaurantintheneighborhood?D.HowamIdoinginjogging?14【判断题】(2分) Localmarketingisbasedonthemarketingtheory—demographicsegmentation.A.错B.对15【多选题】(2分) TheGPSreceiversinthesmartphonesalongwithothertechniques,meantthatauser’slocatio ncouldbefairlywellknownby_________.A.MarketersB.serviceprovidersC.telecomcarriersD.cellphonemanufacturers第五章测试1【单选题】(2分) Virtualmerchantsfacepotentiallylargecostsforallofthefollowingexcept:A.buildingandmaintainingawebsite.B.buildinganorderfulfillmentinfrastructure.C.developingabrandname.D.buildingandmaintainingphysicalstores.2【判断题】(2分)Manufacturer-directfirmsaresingle-channelmanufacturers.A.对B.错3【多选题】(2分)Manufacturer-directmodelhasfollowingadvantages___________.A.createchannelconflictsB. eliminatetheneedtosupportawholesaleandretailsalesnetwork,C.givethefirmcompletecontroloveritscustomerdatabase.D.simplifythecompany’soperations4【多选题】(2分)__________haveanetworkofphysicalstoresastheirprimaryretailchannel,butalsohaveonli neofferings.A.virtualmerchantsB.bricks-and-clickscompaniesC.manufacture-directcompaniesD.omini-channelmerchants5【多选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingaretrueforbigdataandpowerfulanalyticsprograms?A.recommendproductsbeforetheyaskB.IntendtomakeconsumersallintobigspendersC.makepossiblepredictivemarketingD.tosendpersonalizedmessagestocustomers6【判断题】(2分) StitchFixonlyreliesonbigdatatoclothingitemsandaccessoriesforcusomers.A.错B.对7【判断题】(2分) MassiveandwellservedSMEmarketisonedrivingforceofFintechinChina.A.对B.错8【判断题】(2分)Antchecklater(花呗)givescreditratingstousersbyleveragingusers’merchantdataontheplat form.A.错B.对9【判断题】(2分)Payment/remittanceshasthelargestsizeofFintechservices.A.错B.对10【判断题】(2分)Antchecklater(花呗)isavirtualcreditcardtypeofproductthatfacilitatescreditpayments.A.对B.错11【单选题】(2分)Purchaseofalltravelelementsare_________offeredbyonlinetravelsites.A.commerceB.customerserviceC.contentD.community12【多选题】(2分)Consumers’travelrequirementsinclude_________.A.paymentB.comparisonshoppingC.researchingD.planningE.reserving13【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisnotamajortrendintheonlinerecruitmentservicesindustry?A.socialrecruitingB.MillennialsandGenXprimarilyusemobiledevicestosearchforjobsC.disintermediationD.useofbigdatatechnologiesinthehiringprocess14【判断题】(2分)“Passivetalent”referstopeoplewhoarenotactivelylookingforanewjob.A.错B.对15【判断题】(2分) Sharingeconomybusinessmodelhasnonegativeoutcomes.A.对B.错第六章测试1【单选题】(2分)WhatdoesALaCartemean?A.payandacquireallthecontentB.payforwhatyouuseC.allyoucaneatD. basicservicesarefreebutmoreadvancedfeaturesmustbepaidfor.2【多选题】(2分) WhichoneistrueforFreemium?A.payandacquireallthecontentB.moreadvancedfeaturesmustbepaidfor.C.payforwhatyouuseD.basicservicesareprovidedfreeofcharge3【判断题】(2分)There’snothingcontradictoryaboutallthreemodels:subscription,ALaCarteandfreemium.A.对B.错4【单选题】(2分)__________referstotheconvergenceofdesign,production,anddistributionofthecontent.A.contentconvergenceB.mediaconvergenceC.technologicalconvergenceD.industrystructureconvergence5【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofindustrystructureconvergence?A.Apple’sdevelopmentoftheiPadB.Amazon’screationofAmazonBooksPublishingC.AT&T’sacquisitionofTimeWarnerD.Verizon’sacquisitionofYahoo6【单选题】(2分) WhichofthefollowingtypesofonlinecontentisconsumedbythelowestpercentageofInternet users?A.e-booksB.digitalaudioC.videoD.magazines7【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantagethatpuredigitalnewssiteshaveoverprintnewspape rs?A.Theycantakeadvantageofnewertechnologiesforproducingthenews.B.Theyhavealowercoststructure.C.Theyofferhigherqualityjournalism.D. Theycancreatenewworkflowsandbusinessprocessesthataremoretimelyandefficient.8【多选题】(2分)WhichofthefollowingaretrueforPrint-centricperiod?A.Thetechnologyplatformwasthedesktoporlaptopplatform.B.Thetoppriorityisproducingthemostengaging,continuallyupdateddigitaleditionC.TherewerenochanceforthemtohaveanyinteractionsD.Newspapersadoptedmultimediaelementssuchasvideo,addedmoreinteractiveelementslikecrosswordpuzzl esandcontests9【判断题】(2分)“Contentisking”meansowninghigh-qualitycontentprovidesagoldenopportunitytogenerate revenue.A.对B.错10【判断题】(2分)Inthetraditionalprocess,pricesdeterminedlargelybytheauthor.A.对B.错11【多选题】(2分)Amazon’sdigitalecosystemsbroughtunprecedentedchangetoonlinebookintermsof_____ ______.A.MarketingB.ContentC.PublishingD.AuthorshipE.Readership12【单选题】(2分)________wassuedbytheJusticeDepartmentforviolatingantitrustlawsinconnectionwithe-books.A.AmazonB.Barnes&NobleC.AppleD.Google13【单选题】(2分)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutOTT?A.TouseOTTservices,consumersmustpurchaseabundleofchannels.B.OTTentertainmentservicesareathreattocable/satellitetelevisiondeliverysystems.C.OTTservicesincludetheabilitytodownloadcontentafterpurchaseorrental,aswellassubscriptionstreamingan d“live”TVservic es.D.OTTenablesautomaticadvertisingtransactions.14【判断题】(2分) Streaminghasreplaceddownloadingasthepreferredconsumerviewingplatformforhomeen tertainmentcontent.A.对B.错15【多选题】(2分)WhichofthefollowingaretrueforOTTadvertising?A.ItallowstheadvertiserstoreachtherightaudienceattherighttimeB.Commercialsarebasedonherlocation,interestanddemographicsC.ItputsmoreattentiononthecontentD.OTTadvertisingisoftenboughtandsoldprogrammatically第七章测试1【多选题】(2分) Socialnetworksattractpeoplewithsharedinterests,suchas________.A.sportsB.vacationsC.hobbiesD.religion2【单选题】(2分)Doubanisanexampleofa(n)________socialnetwork.A.affinity-basedB.practice-basedC.generalD.interest-based3【判断题】(2分)WithAPItechnology,Facebookopensupitsplatformandgivesotherappsorwebsitestheacce sstoitsdata.A.错B.对4【多选题】(2分)Whichofthefollowingaretrueforgeneralcommunity?A.Facebookisworld’smostpopularonlinesocialnetworkwiththelargestnumberofmonthlyactiveusers.B.Typicalexamplesincludefacebook,QQzone,Douban.C. Thebusinessmodelofgeneralcommunitiesistypicallyadvertisingsupportedbysellinggoods.D.Thepurposeofthegeneralcommunityistoattractlargeenoughaudience.5【单选题】(2分)Awebsitedesignedaroundacommunityofmemberswhoself-identifywithademographicorg eographiccategoryisclassifiedasa(n):A.sponsoredcommunity.B.interest-basedsocialnetwork.C.practicenetwork.D.affinitycommunity.6【单选题】(2分)爸妈网is____________designedtoattractparentsbyofferingdiscussionandservicesthatf ocusonEnglisheducationforearlychildhood.A.PracticenetworkB.Interest-basedsocialnetworkC.GeneralcommunityD.Affinitycommunity7【判断题】(2分)Sponsoredcommunitiesareallnon-profitonlinecommunitiesforthepurposeofpursuingorga nizationalgoals.A.对B.错8【单选题】(2分) Whichofthefollowingistheexampleofsponsoredcommunity?A.B.水木社区C.ResearchGateD.Douban9【单选题】(2分)ResearchGateisa__________forscientistsandresearcherstosharepapers,askand答案q uestions,andfindcollaborators.A.PracticenetworkB.Interest-basedsocialnetworkC.AffinitycommunityD.Generalcommunity10【多选题】(2分)Whichofthefollowingaregoalsofsponsoredcommunities?A.TodevelopinternalsocialnetworksB.ToshareknowledgeC.TosellgoodsD.Toincreasetheinformationavailabletoitsmembers11【判断题】(2分) SocialmediainfluencerisalsocalledInternetcelebrity.A.对B.错12【多选题】(2分) Inwhatwayscaninfluencersturnthetrafficintorealcash?A.showingadvertisementsB.postingviralvideosonvideohostingcommunitiesC.directingtheirfanstoonlineshopsD.receivingvirtualgifts13【多选题】(2分) WhichofthefollowingaretrueforthesocialmediainfluencerLiJiaqi(李佳琦)?A.Themediahasdubbedhimthe"LipstickKing".B.Hehasnotcooperatedwithcelebrities.C.HeisaChinesefoodandcountry-lifeblogger.D.Hegivesasubjectivecommentontheproducts,notjustbragging.Hisfansreallyappreciatehissincerity.14【判断题】(2分)Socialnetworksalsopresentenormousrisksforindividuals,communities,firms,andevenfors ocietyasawhole.A.错B.对15【多选题】(2分)WhichofthefollowingaretrueforFacebook’sCambridgeAnalyticadatascandal?A.Facebookpaidarecord-breaking5billiondollarsfine,byfarthelargestpenaltyeverimposedonacompanyforviol atingconsumers'privacyrights.B.FacebookhadeverdemandedthattheydeleteallofthedatathattheyhadobtainedinviolationofFacebook'srules.C.CambridgeAnalyticawasabletogetaccesstoinformationofasmanyas50millionpeople.D. CambridgeAnalyticaonlycollectedthepersonalinformationofpeoplewhoagreedtotakethesurvey.第八章测试1【单选题】(2分)WhatarethebenefitsforB2BE-commerceA.VisibilitycanbefullyrealizedB.IncreaseproductionflexibilityC.DecreaseproductcycletimeD.Increaseopportunitiesforcollaboratingwithsuppliersanddistributors2【多选题】(2分)WhichofthefollowingaretrueforB2BE-commerce?A.CreategreaterpricetransparencyB.LowersearchcostsforbuyersC.manyFortune1000supplychainsarerisky,vulnerable,andsociallyandenvironmentallyunsustainableD.Lowertransactioncosts3【单选题】(2分)________purchasinginvolvesthepurchaseofgoodsbasedonimmediateneedsinlargermar ketplacesthatinvolvemanysuppliers.A.VerticalB.SpotC.BulkD.Indirect4【判断题】(2分)MROgoodsarealsoknownasdirectgoods.A.错。

跨境电子商务汉译英题目VI. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English.(20points)1、重视消费者的未来购买行为，这样现有消费者将获得适当的资源和信息。

2、通过直邮、网站、免费电话及顾客服务部与消费者保持沟通。

3.就出口贸易而言，出口单证是出口货物推定交付的凭证，是结汇工具。

4.这是一个非常简单的概念:卖家销售，亚马逊发货。

5.亚马逊开始试行“管理客户参与度”的新功能，即通过电子邮件向客户进行新产品营销和促销。

答案：六、将以下段落从中文翻译成英文。

（20分）1. Value consumers' future purchasing behavior, so that existing consumers will get appropriate resources and information.2. Keep communication with consumers through direct mail, website, free phone number and customer service department.3. As far as export trade is concerned, export documents are the proof of constructive delivery of export goods and a means of foreign exchange settlement.4. This is a very simple concept: seller sales, Amazon delivery.5. Amazon is experimenting with new features to "managing customer engagement," which markets and promotes new products to customers via email.。