Cars that see in the dark - Académie de Caen

六年级英语侦探故事阅读理解30题1<背景文章>There was a mystery in the small town. A little boy named Tom had lost his pet dog. Tom was very sad. He asked his friends to help him find the missing dog. They started to look everywhere. They checked the park, the schoolyard, and even the supermarket. But there was no sign of the dog.Tom decided to ask a detective for help. The detective was a very clever man. He asked Tom some questions. "What color is your dog?" Tom answered, "It's brown." "How big is it?" Tom said, "It's not very big. It's a small dog."The detective thought for a while and then said, "Let's look around the neighborhood again." They walked around the streets and looked carefully. Suddenly, they heard a bark. They followed the sound and found the dog in an old house. Tom was very happy to see his pet again.1. What was the name of the little boy?A. JackB. TomC. MikeD. David答案：B。

2023高考英语全国甲卷阅读理解C深度解析含译文CI was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you —and then try to explain them.Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This,more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A. Foucault.B. Eric Weiner.C. Jostein Gaarder.D. A college teacher.29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A. To compare Weiner with them.B. To give examples of great works.C. To praise their writing skills.D. To help readers understand Weiner's book.30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A. Its views on history are well-presented.B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C. It includes comments from readers.D. It leaves an open ending.31. What does the author think of Weiner's book?A. Objective and plain.B. Daring and ambitious.C. Serious and hard to follow.D. Humorous and straightforward.参考答案：CDBD文章主旨：本文是一篇书评。

Unit 5 Canada—“The True North”Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦1．Mary is my former________(校友) and we used to play volleyball together in high school.答案：schoolmate2．Fortunately，there was a hospital________(在附近) so the man was sent there immediately.答案：nearby3．The university held a very________(给人深刻印象的) opening ceremony and all the students were very happy.答案：impressive4．Don’t get too close；the building looks more beautiful from a________(距离)．答案：distance5．According to the________(传统) of this area，the bride’s family org anizes the wedding ceremony.答案：tradition6．You’d better not take Lily going horse riding；she has been________(害怕) of horses since childhood.答案：terrified7．I prefer the peaceful country life to the busy and noisy________(城市的) life. 答案：urban8．Look carefully，and you will see that there’s a________(轻微的) difference between the two pictures.答案：slight9．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，________(富有的) and wise. 答案：wealthy10．People found the little match girl dead in the street at________(黎明)．答案：dawnⅡ.重点短语扫描1．rather 与其；不愿2． to do 设法做3．have a gift 对……有天赋4． the way 一直5．as as 远到；直到6．go 穿过，检查7．settle 定居；平静下来；专心于8．catch sight 看见；瞥见9． the distance 在远处10．dream 梦想11． dawn 在黎明时12．go 去商业区thanmanageforallfarthroughdownofinofatdowntownⅢ.课文原句突破1．它是世界上第二大国家。

高中英语阅读理解练习（19-20）（19）New Zealand's government recently proposed taxing the greenhouse gases from farm animals as part of a plan to fight climate change. The government said the taxes would be a world's first. They said that farmers should be able to get the money back by charging more for climate-friendly products. Farm animals produce gases through natural processes like burping(打嗝) and urinating（排尿）.But farmers quickly criticized the plan. Federated Farmers is the industry's main political support group. It said the plan would "rip(撕破) the guts(肠胃) out of small-town New Zealand" and see farms replaced with trees. Andrew Hoggard, the group's president, said farmers had been trying to work with the government for more than two years. They were working on a plan to reduce greenhouse gas production that would not decrease food production. Hoggard said, "Our plan was to keep farmers farming." But, with the taxes, he said, farmers would be quickly selling their farms.The conservative（保守的） ACT Party is the main opposition group. Members of the party said the plan would increase worldwide greenhouse gas production by moving farming to other countries that were less efficient at making food. New Zealand's farming industry is very important for its economy. Milk products, including those used to make milk for baby food in China, are the nation's largest export earner. There are just 5 million people in New Zealand. But the country has some 26 million sheep and 10 million farm animals producing milk and meat.About half ofNew Zealand's greenhouse gas comes from farms. Farm animals produce gasses that warm the planet like methane（甲烷） and nitrous oxide from burping and urinating.The New Zealand government wants to reduce greenhouse gas production and make the country carbon neutral（碳中和） by 2050.Under the government's proposal（提议）, farmers would start to pay for greenhouse gas production in 2025. The price has yet to be finalized（最后定案）. PrimeMinister（总理） Jacinda Ardern said all the money collected from the proposed tax would be put back into the industry. It would support new technology, research, and payments for farmers. Agriculture Minister Damien O'Connor said New Zealand farmers were already experiencing the impact（影响） of climate change with periods of dry weather and flooding. "Taking the lead on agricultural emissions is both good for the environment and our economy," he said.The proposal is similar to another unsuccessful proposal made in 2003 to tax farm animals for their methane production. Back then, farmers greatly opposed the idea and political opponents(对手) criticized it. And the government dropped the plan.The debate in New Zealand is part of a larger international discussion on the effects of farming on the environment and the steps some say are needed to reduce its impact. In the European nation of the Netherlands, farmers have blocked large, busy roads with farming products and vehicles. They did so to protest government proposals to decrease the production of greenhouse gases.(535 words)根据文章内容，选最佳答案：1.New Zealand’s government advises the farmers to ________.A. cut the number of their farm animals.B. pay more taxes because of the climate change.C. sale their products at higher price.D. stop their animals to produce less greenhouse gases.2. If the tax comes into force, ______________.A. the farmers will make more money from the products.B. the farmers will plant more trees instead of keep animals.C. more farms will disappearD. more food production will be on sale.3. The words of "rip the guts out of small-townNew Zealand" from Federated Farmers infers that _______A. the gases from the farm animals’burping and urinating change the climate.B. people will get hungry because the farmers reduce their food production.C. the plan will increase worldwide greenhouse gas productionD.New Zealand's farming industry is very important for its economy.4. Which is the most important export product in New Zealand?A. Milk productsB. meat from farm animalsC. planting productions from the farms.D. wooding productions from the farm trees5. Which is untrue about the taxing plan?A. It will started in 2025.B. It was first proposed in 2003.C. It is both good for New Zealand’s environment and economy.D. It can collect money to help the farmers.（20）More school systems are making an effort to deal with some of the problems teachers face, including taking care of their mental health. Many schools do not have enough teachers.Current problems facing teachers include behavioral problems and fears of shootings.Some school districts have provided increased mental health training for workers and support in the classroom. They have also provided resources aimed at identifying burned out teachers and getting them connected to help. Being burned out means a person has become very physically and emotionally tired after doing a difficult job for a long time. A recent opinion study by the Rand Corporation found that twice as many principals and teachers reported frequent job-related stress as other working adults.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) noted a similar study that came from a coalition(联合,联盟) of mental health organizations in New Orleans. It found educators working during the COVID-19 pandemic reported rates of emotional difficulties similar to those of health care workers. It found 36 percent showed signs of anxiety, 35 percent had depression, and 19 percent showed signs of post-traumatic(痛苦难忘的) stress disorder.Leigh Mclean is the main investigator at the Teacher Emotions, Characteristics, and Health Lab at the University of Delaware School of Education. She said, "It's all pretty bad. She found levels of depression, anxiety, and emotional tiredness among elementary school teachers that are 100 to 400 percent higher than before the pandemic. She said those problems are increasing the most among less experienced teachers. She said she recognized similarities between teachers and the general population "with underrepresented groups being hit the hardest…"Some districts have or are planning to spend federal COVID-19 aid money on teacher mental health. They hope it mightimprove the classroom environment, keep teachers on the job and help students. Nebraska and Pennsylvania are among the states choosing teacher mental health as a top goal.A Delaware school district hired two social and emotional learning experts who deal with problems teachers are having in the classroom. And an elementary school in Indiana starts the week with Mindful Mondays, where teachers guide their classes in deep breathing. There are also Thoughtful Thursdays, where a student is called on to write a letter to someone working at the school to show that they are thankful. And on Friday Focus students and teachers talk about self-care.A growing number of groups offer training to improve mental health. Methods include breathing exercises, yoga, gentle movements and meditation(冥想). One program aimed at improving mental health is Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education, or CARE. Researchers found improvements, including reductions in mental health problems, in studies of its use among 224 New York City teachers. The studies also found reductions in stress and improvements in quality classroom interactions. Researchers found it helped students show increased engagement(参与).（469 words）根据文章内容，选择最佳答案：1. The following problems teachers are facing are included except ________.A. behavioral problemsB. fears of shootingsC. experience shortageD. overworking2. Which is the correct definition of the underline phrase burned out?A. 心灰意冷的B. 无可奈何的C. 筋疲力尽的D. 无计可施的3. The educators’emotional difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic include the followings except _____.A. anxietyB. depressionC. emotional tirednessD. classroom interactions4. On ________, the teachers will discuss how to take goo care of their emotions.A. Mindful MondaysB. Thoughtful ThursdaysC. Friday FocusD. Relaxing Saturdays5. The program CARE can help to __________.A. reduce mental health problemsB. improve quality classroom interactionsC. take some gentle movements like breathing exercises and yogaD. relax the teachers and students.高中英语阅读理解练习答案及句子精讲（19-20）答案：（19）1C 2C 3D 4A 5B（20）1C 2C 3D 4D 5C句子精讲：（19）1. Milk products, including those used to make milk for baby food inChina, are the nation's largest export earner.乳制品，包括在用于生产婴儿配方奶粉的乳制品，是新西兰最大的出口收入来源。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译Unit1Party PoliticsJudith Martin1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren‟t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody‟s feelings need be considered.3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette‟s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and startsdelivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reaction is not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee‟s guest. He doesn‟t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—and, as a matter of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What this guest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out of the way.10. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furious when their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms by which their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “Ms.,” and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn‟t. This year, the complaints will be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spouses weren‟t invited—but found out otherwise. There won‟t be many complaints. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.11. Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plain romance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still counts as sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to a lower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-ranking one.12. Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time actively promoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communications and all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful to be addressed by anyone at all.13. But they do n‟t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then how about a raise?” They plead for promotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, and advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have been unaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.14. Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informal setting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence?15. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said, “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.16. Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not know what the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy and imaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look like that can‟t really be sent out to represent the company.17. Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just thebehavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one‟s friends. But here, it is not being offered for the delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is a riot.18. It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants to prevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for being too inhibiting: etiquette.19. The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merely counting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have been clearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, to show that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.20. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friend they want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case it should be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distract ion from one‟s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.21. Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.22. This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works: Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able to ask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The host can then scornfully declare: “Of course I know Annette. We couldn‟t run this place without her.” For extra charm, the employee‟s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This always seems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complains that everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.23. It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are used to: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the employees‟ taste, they‟ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.24. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing one who has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charmingly about nonbusiness matters.25. At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuously by the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Even the dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.26. After all, isn‟t that why the office Christmas party is given?27. If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.第一单元晚会之道朱迪丝•马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。

“Yes,Let's, “said Harry.The first week of my life as Jack, the London cab horse was very hard. The noise and the people and the traffic on the streets frightened me, But Jerry was a very good driver, and that helped a lot. Jerry soon found that I was ready to work hard and do my best, and he didn’t whip me.He kept us very clean, and gave us as much food as we wanted. But the best thing was that we had Sundays off.( )1. What did people call the Black Beauty's new master?A.HarryB. JerryC. PollyD. Dolly( )2. How many horses did the master have after he bought Black Beauty?A. 1B.2C.3D.4( )3. What frightened Black Beauty in the first week of his life as Jack?A. The noiseB. The peopleC. The trafficD. All the above( )4. The word "whip"in the pa ragraph means “________”?A.恐吓B.鞭打C.追赶D.喂养( )5. What was the best thing to Black Beauty?A. The master kept him clean.B. He could eat as much food as he wanted.C. He could play with the other horses.D. He had Sundays off.BBDBD。

UNIT3 A PILL TO FORGET(CBS) If there were something you could take after experiencing a painful or traumatic event that would permanently weaken your memory of what had just happened, would you take it? As correspondent Lesley Stahl reports, it’s an id ea that may not be so far off, and that has some critics alarmed, and some trauma victims filled with hope."I couldn't get my body to stop shaking. I was trembling, constantly trembling. Memories of it would just come back, reoccurring over and over and over," subway conductor Beatriz Arguedas recalls.Last Sept. 30, Beatriz was driving her normal route on the Red Line in Boston when one of her worst fears came to pass: "Upon entering one of the busiest stations, a man jumped in front of my train, to commitsuicide," she explains.Beatriz saw the man jump. "We sort of made eye contact and then I felt the thud from him hitting the train and then the crackling sound underneath the train and, then, of course, my heart starts thumping," she recalls."She came into our emergency room afterwards, very upset. No physical injury. Entirely a psychological trauma," says Dr. Roger Pitman, a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School who has studied and treated patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, for 25 years."They're caught up so much with this past event that it's constantly in their mind," Pitman explains. "They're living it over and over and over as if it's happening again. And they just can't get involved in real life."When Beatriz arrived in the emergency room, Pitman enrolled her in an experimental study of a drug called propranolol, a medication commonly used for high blood pressure ... and unofficially for stage fright. Pitman thought it might do something almost magical – trick Beat riz’s brain into making a weaker memory of the event she had just experienced.In the study, which is still under way, half the subjects get propranolol;half get a placebo.Asked whether he knows if Beatriz got the drug or the placebo, Dr. Pitman says he has no idea and neither does she, and that the research team won'tknow for another two years.If Pitman is right, the results could fundamentally change the way accident victims, rape victims, even soldiers are treated after theyexperience trauma.The story begins with some surprising discoveries about memory. It turns out our memories are sort of like Jello – they take time to solidify in our brains. And while they're setting, it's possible to make them stronger or weaker. It all depends on the stress hormone adrenaline.The man who discovered this is James McGaugh, a professor of neurobiology at the University of California, Irvine.McGaugh studies memory in rats, and he invited Stahl to watch the making of a rat memory – in this case how a rat who's never been in this tank of water before learns how to find a clear plastic platform just belowthe surface."He’ll swim around randomly," McGaugh explains. The rat cannot see the platform, since his eyes are on the top of his head.The rat will swim around the edge for a long time, until eventually he ventures out and by chance bumps into the platform. The next day, he'll find the platform a little bit faster.But another rat, who had learned where the platform was the day prior, and then received a shot of adrenaline immediately afterwards, today swaminstantly to the platform.Adrenaline actually made this rat's brain remember better, and McGaugh believes the same thing happens in people. "Suppose I said to you, 'You know, I've watched your programs a lot over the years, and although it pains me to have to tell you this, I think you're one of worst people I've ever seen on … now don't take it, don't take it personally,'" McGaughsays."So, my stress system would go into overdrive, no question," Stahl says."Even with my telling you that it's not true, there's nothing to keep you from blushing, from feeling warm all over," McGaugh points out. "That's the adrenaline. And I dare say that you're gonna remember my having said that long after you've forgotten the other details of our discussion here.I guarantee it."McGaugh says that’s why we remember important and emotional events in our lives more than regular day-to-day experiences. The next step in his research was to see what would happen when adrenaline was blocked; he started experimenting with propranolol."Propranolol sits on that nerve cell and blocks it, so that, think of this as being a key, and this is a lock, the hole in the lock is blocked because of propranolol sitting there. So adrenaline can be present, but it can'tdo its job," McGaugh explains.McGaugh showed Stahl a third rat that had learned where the platform was on the previous day and then received an injection of propranolol. The next day, the rat swam around the edge, as if he had forgotten there everwas a platform out there.Across the country at Harvard, Roger Pitman read McGaugh's studies and a light bulb went on. "When I read about this, I said, 'This has got to be how post-traumatic stress disorder works.' Because think about what happens to a person. First of all, they have a horribly traumatic event, and they have intense fear and helplessness. So that intense fear and helplessness is gonna stimulate adrenaline," Pitman says. "And then what do we find three months or six months or 20 years later? Excessively strongmemories."Pitman figured he could block that cycle by giving trauma victims propranolol right away ... before adrenaline could make the memories too strong. He started recruiting patients for a small pilot study. One of the first was Kathleen Logue, a paralegal who had been knocked down in the middle of a busy Boston street by a bicyclist."He just hit the whole left side of my body. And it seemed like forever that I was laying in the middle of State Street, downtown Boston," Logueremembers.She says she was terrified that she was just going to get run over.As part of the study, Logue took propranolol four times a day for 10 days. Like the others who got the drug, three months later she showed no physiological signs of PTSD, while several subjects who got a placebo did. Those results got Pitman funding for a larger study by the NationalInstitutes of Health.But then the President’s Council on Bioethics condemned the study in a report that said our memories make us who we are and that "re-writing" memories pharmacologically … risks "undermining our true identity.""This is a quote. 'It risks making shameful acts seem less shameful or terrible acts less terrible than they really are,'" Stahl reads to Logue."A terrible act," she replies. "Why should you have to live with it every day of your life? It doesn't erase the fact that it happened. It doesn't erase your memory of it. It makes it easier to remember and function."David Magnu s, director of Stanford University’s Center for Biomedical Ethics, says he worries that it won't be just trauma victims trying todull painful memories."From the point of view of a pharmaceutical industry, they're going to have every interest in having as many people as possible diagnosed with this condition and have it used as broadly as possible. That's the reality of how drugs get introduced and utilized," Magnus argues.He’s concerned it will be used for trivial reasons. "If I embarrass myself at a party Friday night and instead of feeling bad about it I could take a pill then I'm going to avoid –not have to avoid making a fool of myselfat parties," Magnus says."So you think that that embarrassment and all of that is teaching us?"Stahl asks."Absolutely," Magnus says. "Our breakups, our relationships, as painful as they are, we learn from some of those painful experiences. They makeus better people."But while the ethicists debate the issue, the science is moving forward. Researchers have shown in rat studies that propranolol can also blunt oldmemories.Pitman wondered: Could it work in humans? He teamed up with Canadian colleague Alain Brunet, who searched for people with long-standing PTSD, like Rita Magil. She had suffered for three years from nightmares aftera life-threatening car accident.Another study subject is Louise O'Donnell-Jasmin, who was raped by a doctor at the age of 12. "He raped me on his desk, on a chair, and on the floor. It, for me, it was like I was dying inside," she remembers. "Theworld had ended."O'Donnell-Jasmin was haunted by the rape for more than 30 years. She never felt comfortable undressing in front of her husband and suffered from recurrent flashbacks and nightmares.The study was simple: Subjects came in and were asked to think about and write down every detail they could remember about their trauma; in Magil's case, her car accident, reactivating the memory in her brain. She was thengiven propranolol.Rita says she suffered no side effects.A week later, electrodes measured her body’s stress response as she listened to a retelling of her trauma. Asked what happened, Magil says,"No reaction."And she says she had no more nightmares.The patient who made the most dramatic recovery turned out to beO'Donnell-Jasmin, but there's a catch, because she was in a control group and therefore wasn’t supposed to improve at all.O'Donnell-Jasmin was given propranolol, but unlike Magil, she took the drug while watching a pleasant movie, not after telling every detail about her rape. And yet, a week later, she noticed a change. "I wake up. And I find myself undressing. And my husband is there. And I realize I'm undressing, and I'm not feeling as though I need to hide under the bedanymore," she explains.Asked if it is gone, O'Donnell-Jasmin says, "Yes. The link, what held the emotions to the memories, it's like the umbilical cord has been cut. And there is no way I can access the emotions anymore. And furthermore, everyday it gets better.""Louise got a great result. But, scientifically, it confused things,"Pitman says.He speculates that despite the pleasant movie, O'Donnell-Jasmin may have been thinking about the rape when she took the propranolol, and that'swhy it worked. "The only way we're going to know is to study another 10 or a hundred patients like Louise and see how it pans out,” Pitman says.That this drug could actually alter and weaken old memories means we're talking about a potentially revolutionary advance in treating posttraumatic stress disorder."Are you at all concerned that since propranolol is already out there available for doctors to prescribe for heart conditions, for stage fright, that some soldier who’s come back and is having terrible nightmares can go to his doctor and get it right now? Is that a concern for you, or nota concern?" Stahl asks McGaugh."No. Not a concern for me. Not a concern," he replies. "If it helps, whynot.""Let me tell you something that you told us before. I'm quoting you. 'It's like they went in and altered my mind,'" Stahl tells Louise.O'Donnell-Jasmin admits it's very creepy. "This study has taken away a part of me that's been in me for so long, and that I find very weird,"she says."It's not normal to have gone through a rape and feel nothing. Or to have gone through something traumatic … and feel as though it happened to somebody else," Stahl tells Pitman."Let's suppose you have a person who comes in after a physical assault and they've had some bones broken, and they're in intense pain. Should we deprive them of morphine because we might be taking away the full emotional experience? Who would ever argue that?" Pitman replies."No," Stahl says."Why should psychiatry be different? I think that somehow behind this argument lurks the notion that mental disorders are not the same as physical disorders. That treating them or not is more of an optionalthing," Pitman says.The studies are still in their early stages, so O'Donnell-Jasmin's apparent positive result isn't conclusive, though to her, it's absolutelyreal.Asked if there is any sense that she has lost any of her identity, O'Donnell-Jasmin says, "I have regained my identity. What was broken whenI was 12 was fixed. They have given me back myself."And now the U.S. military has taken note: Pitman recently heard from the Army that he will be receiving funding starting next summer to try the same propranolol experiment done with Magil and O'Donnell-Jasmin o treat American soldiers returning from Afghanistan and IraqUnit 4 Brain ManAlmost 25 years ago, 60 Minutes introduced viewers to George Finn, whose talent was immortalized in the movie "Rain Man." George has a condition known as savant syndrome, a mysterious disorder of the brain where someone has a spectacular skill, even genius, in a mind that is otherwise extremely limited.Morley Safer met another savant, Daniel Tammet, who is called "Brain Man" in Britain. But unlike most savants, he has no obvious mental disability, and most important to scientists, he can describe his own thought process. He may very well be a scientific Rosetta stone, a key to understanding the brain.________________________________________Back in 1983, George Finn, blessed or obsessed with calendar calculation, could give you the day if you gave him the date."What day of the week was August 13th, 1911?" Safer quizzed Finn."A Sunday," Finn replied."What day of the week was May 20th, 1921?" Safer asked."Friday," Finn answered.George Finn is a savant. In more politically incorrect times he would have been called an "idiot savant" - a mentally handicapped or autistic person whose brain somehow possesses an island of brilliance.Asked if he knew how he does it, Finn told Safer, "I don't know, but it's just that, that's fantastic I can do that."If this all seems familiar, there?s a reason: five years after the 60 Minutes broadcast, Dustin Hoffman immortalized savants like George in the movie "Rain Man."Which brings us to that other savant we mentioned: Daniel Tammet. He is an Englishman, who is a 27-year-old math and memory wizard."I was born November 8th, 1931," Safer remarks."Uh-huh. That's a prime number. 1931. And you were born on a Sunday. And this year, your birthday will be on a Wednesday. And you'll be 75," Tammet tells Safer.It is estimated there are only 50 true savants living in the world today, and yet none are like Daniel. He is articulate, self-sufficient, blessed with all of the spectacular ability of a savant, but with very little of the disability. Take his math skill, for example.Asked to multiply 31 by 31 by 31 by 31, Tammet quickly - and accurately - responded with "923,521."And it?s not just calculating. His gift of memory is stunning. Briefly show him a long numerical sequence and he?ll recite it right back to you. And he can do it backwards, to boot.That feat is just a warm-up for Daniel Tammet. He first made headlines at Oxford, when he publicly recited the endless sequence of numbers embodied by the Greek letter "Pi." Pi, the numbers we use to calculate the dimensions of a circle, are usually rounded off to 3.14. But its numbers actually go on to infinity.Daniel studied the sequence - a thousand numbers to a page."And I would sit and I would gorge on them. And I would just absorb hundreds and hundreds at a time," he tells Safer.It took him several weeks to prepare and then Daniel headed to Oxford, where with number crunchers checking every digit, he opened the floodgates of his extraordinary memory.Tammet says he was able to recite, in a proper order, 22,514 numbers. It took him over five hours and he did it without a single mistake.Scientists say a memory feat like this is truly extraordinary. Dr. V.S. Ramachandran and his team at the California Center for Brain Study tested Daniel extensively after his Pi achievement.What did he make of him?"I was surprised at how articulate and intelligent he was, and was able to interact socially and introspect on his own-abilities," says Dr. Ramachandran.And while that introspection is extremely rare among savants, Daniel?s ability to describe how his mind works could be invaluable to scientists studying the brain, our least understood organ."Even how you and I do 17 minus nine is a big mystery. You know, how are these little wisps of jelly in your brain doing that computation? We don't know that," Dr. Ramachandran explains.It may seem to defy logic, but Ramachandran believes that a savant?s genius could actually result from brain injury. "One possibility is that many other parts of the brain are functioning abnormally or sub-normally. And this allows the patient to allocate all his attentional resources to the one remaining part," he explains. "And there's a lot of clinical evidence for this. Some patients have a stroke and suddenly, their artistic skills improve."That theory fits well with Daniel. At the age of four, he suffered a massive epileptic seizure. He believes that seizure contributed to his condition. Numbers were no longer simply numbers and he had developed a rare crossing of the senses known as synesthesia."I see numbers in my head as colors and shapes and textures. So when I see a long sequence, the sequence forms landscapes in my mind," Tammet explains. "Every number up to 10,000, I can visualize in this way, has it's own color, has it's own shape, has it's own texture."For example, when Daniel says he sees Pi, he does those instant computations, he is not calculating, but says the answer simply appears to him as a landscape of colorful shapes."The shapes aren't static. They're full of color. They're full of texture. In a sense, they're full of life," he says.Asked if they?re beautiful, Tammet says, "Not all of them. Some of them are ugly. 289 is an ugly number. I don't like it very much. Whereas 333, for example, is beautiful to me. It's round. It's?.""Chubby," Safer remarks.'It's-yes. It's chubby,' Tammet agrees.Yet even with the development of these extraordinary abilities as a child, nobody sensed that Daniel was a prodigy, including his mother, Jennifer. But he was different."He was constantly counting things," Jennifer remembers. "I think, what first attracted him to books, was the actual numbers on each page. And he just loved counting."Asked if she thinks there?s a connection between his epilepsy and his rare talent, she tells Safer, "He was always different from-when he was really a few weeks old, I noticed he was different. So I'm not sure that it's entirely that, but I think it might have escalated it."Daniel was also diagnosed with Asperger?s Syndrome-a mild form of autism. It made for a painful childhood."I would flap my hands sometimes when I was excited, or pull at my fingers, and pull at my lips," Tammet remembers. "And of course, the children saw these things and would repeat them back to me, and tease me about them. And I would put my fingers in my ears and count very quickly in powers of two. Two, four, eight, 16, 32, 64.""Numbers were my friends. And they never changed. So, they were reliable.I could trust them," he says.And yet, Daniel did not retreat fully into that mysterious prison of autism, as many savants do. He believes his large family may have actually forced him to adapt."Because my parents, having nine children, had so much to do, so much to cope with, I realized I had to do for myself," he says.He now runs his own online educational business. He and his partner Neil try to keep a low profile, despite his growing fame.Yet the limits of his autism are always there. "I find it difficult to walk in the street sometimes if there are lots of people around me. If there's lots of noise, I put my fingers in my ears to block it out,' he says.That anxiety keeps him close to home. He can?t drive, rarely goes shopping, and finds the beach a difficult place because of his compulsion to count the grains of sand. And it manifests itself in other ways, like makinga very precise measurement of his cereal each morning: it must be exactly45 grams of porridge, no more, no less.Daniel was recently profiled in a British documentary called ?Brainman.? The producers posed a challenge that he could not pass up: Learn a foreign language in a week - and not just any foreign language, but Icelandic, considered to be one of the most difficult languages to learn.In Iceland, he studied and practiced with a tutor. When the moment of truth came and he appeared on TV live with a host, the host said, "I was amazed. He was responding to our questions. He did understand them very well and I thought that his grammar was very good. We are very proud of our language and that someone is able to speak it after only one week, that?s just great.""Do you think that Daniel, in a certain way, represents a real pathway to further understanding the brain?" Safer asks Dr. Ramachandran."I think one could say that time and again in science, something that looks like a curiosity initially often leads to a completely new direction of research," Ramachandran replies. "Sometimes, they provide the golden key. Doesn't always happen. Sometimes it's just mumbo-jumbo. But that may well be true with savants."Daniel continues to volunteer for scientists who want to understand his amazing brain. But he is reluctant to become what he calls ?a performing seal? and has refused most offers to cash in on his remarkable skills."People all the time asking me to choose numbers for the lottery. Or to invent a time machine. Or to come up with some great discovery," he explains. "But my abilities are not those that mean that I can do at everything."But he has written a book about his experiences, entitled "Born on a Blue Day."He also does motivational speeches for parents of autistic children-yet one more gift of his remarkable brain.But at the end of the day-genius or not-that brain does work a little differently."One hour after we leave today, and I will not remember what you look like. And I will find it difficult to recognize you, if I see you again. I will remember your handkerchief. And I will remember you have four buttons on your sleeve. And I'll remember the type of tie you're wearing. It's the details that I remember," Tammet tells Safer.And it?s the details that make us all so different. One man may see numbers as a tedious necessity of modern life, another sees them as the essence of life."Pi is one of the most beautiful things in all the world and if I can share that joy in numbers, if I can share that in some small measure with the world through my writing and through my speaking, then I feel that I will have done something useful," he says.Unit 5We all know how ships are born, how majestic vessels are nudged into the ocean with a bottle of champagne. But few of us know how they die. And hundreds of ships meet their death every year. From five-star ocean liners, to grubby freighters, literally dumped with all their steel, their asbestos, their toxins on the beaches of some the poorest countries in the world, countries like Bangladesh. You can't really believe how bad it is here, until you see it. It could be as close as you'll get to hell on earth, with the smoke, the fumes, and the heat. The men who labor here are the wretched of the earth, doing dirty, dangerous work, for little more than $1 a day. It's not much of a final resting place, this desolate beach near the city of Chittagong on the Bay of Bengal. Ships are lined up here as at any port, but they'll never leave. Instead, they will be dissected, bolt by bolt, rivet by rivet, every piece of metal destined for the furnaces to be melted down and fashioned into steel rods. The ships don't die easily - they are built to float, not to be ripped apart, spilling toxins, oil and sludge into the surrounding seas. The men who work here are dwarfed by the ships they are destroying. And theydissect the ships by hand. The most sophisticated technology on the beachis a blowtorch. The men carry metal plates, each weighing more than a ton from the shoreline to waiting trucks, walking in step like pallbearers,or like members of a chain gang. They paint images of where they would like to be on the trucks - pictures of paradise far from this wasteland. And when night falls, the work continues and the beach becomes an infernoof smoke and flames and filth. This industry, which employs thousands and supplies Bangladesh with almost all its steel, began with an accident- a cyclone to be precise. In 1965, a violent storm left a giant cargo ship beached on what was then a pristine coastline. It didn't take long before people began ripping the ship apart. They took everything and businessmen took note - perhaps they didn't need a storm to bring ships onto this beach here. Mohammed Mohsin's family has become extremely wealthy bringing ships onto these beaches. He pays millions of dollarsfor each ship and makes his profit from the steel he sells. The name of his company is PHP, which stands for Peace, Happiness and Prosperity. His latest acquisition is a ship weighing in at 4,000 tons but Mohsin tells Simon that's small by comparison to other vessels that have been guttedon the beaches. They have handled ships as large as 68,000 tons. This the first time Mohsin has seen the 4,000 ton ship close up. In fact buyinga ship is not at all like buying a car. He didn't even need to see a picture before he bought itfor $14 million. All he needed to know was its weight and how much the owners were charging for each ton of steel. One of the single most valuable parts of the ship is the propeller. The "small" ships propelleris worth around $35,000 alone, Mohsin estimates. It may be a small ship to Mohsin, but getting onto it from the beach is still a bit delicate. Mohsin's ships don't have seafaring captains anymore - he is the captain now of dying ships and the captain of one of the largest of 30 shipyards on this 10-mile stretch of beach. Some 100 ships are ripped apart on the beach each year, most of them from the west. "It is the west's garbage dump," says Roland Buerk, who lives in Bangladesh. He spent a year in these yards, writing a book about the industry. 60 Minutes hired him to guide Simon through the tangled world of shipbreaking. To do the same work in America or England would be very expensive. "It would be becausein Europe and America when they do this, they do it in dry docks," Buerk explains. "So in actual fact, the owners of these ships are selling them to the yard owners here to break up. If they had to do it in America, they'd have to pay for that process to be carried out. So you see it makes real economic sense to do it here." "So old, out-dated ships that were previously a liability, are now an asset," Simon remarks. "Exactly," Buerk agrees. "And that's why they end up on these shores." They are the shores of the most densely populated nation and one of the poorest nations in the world. Bangladesh desperately needs steel for construction but has no iron ore mines. The shipbreaking yards are its mines, providing 80 percent of the nation's steel. But steel is only part of the deal; there are so many things on a ship which are sold off. It is in fact a gigantic recycling operation. You can find everything, including kitchen sinks, at a sprawling roadside market which goes on for miles. When you're driving down this road, it's not a problem if you need a toilet or a life boat or a light bulb. It is estimated that 97 percent of the ship's contents are recycled. The other three percent, the stuff nobody would buy, including。

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专题能力提升练十七限时30分钟(2015·浙江六校联考) When we asked Oprah to pick the 10 books she had read in the past decade that had mattered to her most, she was momentarily stumped. For someone who describes herself as “inspired, challenged, and sustained” by books, it was almost impossible for Oprah to stay within our limit of 10. Still, she offered up the following, but she emphasized that it was only a sampler of delightful titles that have also managed to teach her—and all of us—a few things.1. Discover the Power Within YouBy Eric Butterworth256 pages; Harper OneAdvice from the internationally known spiritual teacher.2. A New EarthBy Eckhart Tolle316 pages; PlumeThere’s a reason Oprah picked t his for her Book Club in 2008—andthat she gave audience members Post—it pens along with their copies. So much wisdom, so little time! A real-life guide to living your best life.3. The Poisonwood BibleBy Barbara Kingsolver576 pages; Harper PerennialThis novel is about a family involved in the political trouble of postcolonial Africa. It established Kingsolver as one of our wisest observers of history, politics, and human nature.4. NightBy Elie Wiesel120 pages; Hill and WangA memoir(回忆录)of a childhood suffered in concentration camps during the Holocaust. It’s horrific but uplifting. “I gain courage from his courage, ”Oprah says.5. A Fine BalanceBy Rohinton Mistry624 pages; VintageA Dickensian novel about India during the Emergency. Like the aft ermath of September 11, it teaches us about cultures we haven’t understood. “It takes us out of our own little shell and exposes us to a whole other world out there, ”Oprah says.6. East of EdenBy John Steinbeck608 pages; PenguinThis classic is about good and evil as played out in a late-19th-century California ranch family. If you didn’t read it in high school, read it now. If you did, reread it!7. The Story of Edgar SawtelleBy David Wroblewski576 pages; Harper CollinsA kind of Hamlet on the prairie, this is the wrenching(令人痛苦的)story of a mute boy and his dog. Oprah compares it to East of Eden and To Kill a Micking bird.8. The Pillars of the EarthBy Ken Follett973 pages; PenguinAbout the challenges of building cathedrals in 12th-century England. This novel couldn’t be more different in setting, time, and plot from the author’s breakthrough success—Eye of the Needle. Oprah declares it simply “great”.9. The Bluest EyeBy Toni Morrison224 pages; PenguinHow to choose among the great Morrison’s novels? Start with thisone about a girl who thinks she has to have blue eyes to be beautiful. Oprah considered it one of the best in a crowded Morrison field.10. The Known WorldBy Edward P. Jones400 pages, Harper CollinsWhen this book was published in 2003, it shocked everybody with its description of slave-owning blacks before the Civil War. A daring, unusual examination of race.【文章大意】当我们让奥普拉给出一些读书的建议时, 她推荐了10本她读过的书。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码，答卷时，考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

祝各位考生考试顺利！第I 卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome?—______. There were good things and bad things about them.A. It’s hard to sayB. I didn’t get itC. You must be kiddingD. Couldn’t be better2. The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.A. out of controlB. out of dateC. out of sightD. out of reach3. When walking down the street, I came across David, who I _____ for years.A. didn’t seeB. haven’t seenC. hadn’t seenD. wouldn’t see4. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.A. makingB. to makeC. madeD. being made5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t6. —I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.—Sounds great!_____.A. It all dependsB. Go for itC. Never mindD. No wonder7. ______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.A. UnlessB. UntilC. AsD. While8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.A. gave voice toB. kept an eye onC. turned a deaf ear toD. set foot on9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A. effectB. senseC. changeD. chance11. The manager put f orward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whetherB. thatC. whichD. what12. I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A. putB. makeC. takeD. give13. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that14. I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.A. carry onB. break intoC. turn downD. cut off15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16—35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

九年级诗歌欣赏英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Poetry has always been a beautiful form of art that can touch our hearts and souls. One of the most famous poets is William Shakespeare. His sonnets are renowned for their deep themes, vivid imagery, and perfect rhyme schemes.Let's take a closer look at Sonnet 18: 'Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.'The theme of this sonnet is the eternal beauty of the beloved. Shakespeare compares the beloved to a summer's day but then goes on to say that the beloved is even more beautiful and lasting. The imagery of summer, with its warm days and blooming flowers, is vividly portrayed.The rhyme scheme of the sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg, which gives it a musical quality.Now let's analyze some of the elements of this sonnet. The use of personification in 'Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May' makes the winds seem more alive and powerful. The line 'And every fair from fair sometime declines' shows the transient nature of beauty. However, the idea that the beloved's beauty is eternal is a powerful contrast.1. What is the theme of Sonnet 18?A. The power of nature.B. The beauty of summer.C. The eternal beauty of the beloved.D. The sadness of love.答案：C。