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《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》教师参考作者：杨炳钧复旦大学出版社，2009年第一部分学术论文基本构件及其写法课前准备【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法，对错可以先不判定，本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。
1) The Method s of Improv e your Oral Englis h in Native Chines e-speaki ng School 【解答】首先，这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误，应当修改为The Method s of Improv ing Your Oral Englis h in Native Chines e-speaki ng School；其次，其中的代词your用得不合适，因为它是一种对话口吻，一般不适宜于学术论文；另外，标题中一般尽可能不用功能词，即介词、冠词、连词等。
如果要改进这个标题，可以表达为Method s of Improv ing Colle ge Students’ Oral Englis h in China等。
2) The studyof Chines e Teachi ng in Thaila nd Overse as School【解答】该标题修饰关系不清，大小写有误，study等多余。
可以改进为Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thaila nd等。
3) A New Opport unity to the moraldevelo pment of ruralleft-behind childr en【解答】该标题大小写有误；new的用法值得考虑，因为除非已经有所谓的opportunity，否则就没有什么new；修饰关系也有问题，尤其是to用得不对。
《英语论文写作教程》第三章练习答案Reference Key to Exercises该答案适用于：《英语论文写作教程》操时尧柯军编著湖北科学技术出版社2013.5Chapter 3 Writing ProcessI. Which of the following would be considered as plagiarism?Answer: (a),(b),(d)and(e)are plagiarism.II. Study the topic questions and related information below, and complete an outline in the grid. Title: A comparison of advertising effects between newspapers and TVMain body:i) Benefits of TV advertising (reach large audience, have strong impact)ii) Drawbacks of TV advertising (expensive and can be ignored)iii) Benefits of newspaper advertising (flexible, cheap, focused)iv) Drawbacks of newspaper advertising (static)Conclusion: TV more effective in reaching large numbers but newspapers probably better for specialized marketsIII. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.如果某人在学术论文中直接引用或者转述他人的原话，而未标明文献来源，这就是学术剽窃。
研究生基础综合英语（邱东林版）课文中英对照加课后习题答案Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。
研究生英语写作教程基础级第三版答案1、You can borrow my book, _____ you promise to give it back to me by the end of this month. [单选题] *A.even ifB. as long as(正确答案)C. in caseD. even though2、Don’t talk _______. Your grandmother is sleeping now. [单选题] *A. happilyB. nearlyC. loudly(正确答案)D. hardly3、This year our school is _____ than it was last year. [单选题] *A. much more beautiful(正确答案)B. much beautifulC. the most beautifulD. beautiful4、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant5、_____ yuan a month _____ not enough for a family of three to live on today. [单选题] *A. Five hundred; is(正确答案)B. Five hundreds; areC. Five hundred; areD.Five hundreds; is6、34．My mother usually_______ much time shopping in the supermarkets on weekends. [单选题] *A．spends (正确答案)B．costsC．takesD．pays7、We got up early this morning and took a long walk after breakfast. We walked _____ the business section of the city. [单选题] *A. amongB. betweenC. through(正确答案)D. upon8、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the9、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini10、They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was night began to fall. [单选题] *A. thatB. itC. what(正确答案)D. which11、64．Would you like to drink ________？[单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．anything elseC．else somethingD．else anything12、24．I often ask my English teacher some questions ________ e-mail. [单选题] * A．by(正确答案)B．inC．forD．with13、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few14、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)15、What about _______ there by bike? [单选题] *A. goesB. wentC. goD. going(正确答案)16、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after17、I have only two tickets for TF Boys’concert. ______ you ______ he can go with me.（）[单选题] *A. Either; or(正确答案)B. Either; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but also18、( ) She keeps on learning English all the time. So far, she______three books of New Concept English. [单选题] *A. has learned(正确答案)B. have learnedC. had learnedD. learn19、Mom is making dinner. It _______ so nice! [单选题] *A. smells(正确答案)B. tastesC. feelsD. sounds20、( ) They have_____ useful dictionary. They want to lend it___ us. [单选题] *A. an; forB. a; fromC. an; toD. a; to(正确答案)21、—Is there ______ else I can do for you? —No, thanks. I can manage it myself.（）[单选题] *A. everythingB. anything(正确答案)C. nothingD. some things22、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy23、—Where ______ you ______ for your last winter holiday?—Paris. We had a great time. （）[单选题] *A. did; go(正确答案)B. do; goC. are; goingD. can; go24、Do not _______ me to help you unless you work harder. [单选题] *A. expect(正确答案)B. hopeC. dependD. think25、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's26、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)27、The students _____ outdoors when the visitors arrived. [单选题] *A. were playing(正确答案)B. have playedC. would playD. could play28、Be careful when you _______ the street. [单选题] *A. are crossingB. is crossingC. cross(正确答案)D. is cross29、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her30、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would。
2023研究生英语写译教程（袁锡兴著）课后答案下载2023研究生英语写译教程（袁锡兴著）课后答案下载理论篇第一章课前的共识与准备一、汉译英美文欣赏二、英语美文欣赏第二章翻译的标准一、国内外翻译理论关于翻译标准的讨论二、翻译的基本要求第三章研究生英文写作的'规范和要求一、常见错误二、书写格式三、评价标准四、句型多样化的具体措施第四章研究生英汉/汉英翻译中存在的问题及对策一、语法能力问题及对策二、社会语言能力问题及对策三、篇章能力问题及对策四、策略能力问题及对策第五章从形合和意合看汉英翻译与英语写作一、关于形合和意合二、从形合和意合看汉英翻译三、从形合和意合看英语写作第六章中式英语之鉴一、中式英语与中国英语二、中式英语原因分析三、中式英语表现第七章语料库——有效提升语言能力的宝库一、国内外语料库资源二、学习者语料库的三个个案研究三、研究生英语学习者高频词搭配调查四、语料库方法的具体运用案例实践篇第八章句子的写作与翻译一、英语基本句型二、英语特殊句式三、英语比较结构的翻译第九章翻译基本技巧一、词义的选择二、词义的引申三、增词法四、减词法五、词类的转换六、正说与反说的转换七、语态的转换八、英语从句的汉译九、长句的翻译十、分句与合句法第十章英语修辞及其翻译一、言语修养二、英语常用修辞格及其翻译第十一章段落及篇章的写作一、段落和篇章写作的基本要求二、段落展开的方法三、篇章的写作第十二章文体翻译一、文本类型与翻译策略二、科技翻译三、文学翻译四、新闻文体的翻译五、社科类语篇翻译选录第十三章实用写作与翻译一、简历二、求职信函三、求学信函四、续函五、邀请信六、推荐信七、投诉信八、致编辑的信九、公示语十、广告第十四章学术英语写作一、学术论文的分类、特点及组成部分二、学术英语论文各部分写作要略口译篇第十五章口译基础知识一、口译简介二、口译与笔译的关系三、口译对译员的要求四、口译人才的主要培养模式五、口译的基本操作技能六、口译入门的基础环节——听力七、口译训练的重要方式——视译八、口译实践的关键步骤——笔记九、口译测试第十六章口译英汉互译材料一、礼仪庆典二、文化教育三、经济社会附录I中华人民共和国翻译服务规范(笫二部分、口译) 附录Ⅱ现场口译服务质量标准附录Ⅲ翻译服务译文质量要求附录Ⅳ国际会议口译工作者协会(ATTC)口译职业道德准则参考答案参考文献研究生英语写译教程（袁锡兴著）：内容简介点击此处下载研究生英语写译教程（袁锡兴著）课后答案研究生英语写译教程（袁锡兴著）：目录本着实用有效的原则，巧妙地将翻译和写作糅合在一起，通过英汉两种语言的对比分析，帮助学生进一步认识英语语言的本质特征，以译促写、以写促译，综合提高学生实际运用英语语言的能力，尤其是借助英语进行国际学术交流的能力。
考研英语基础试题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）1. According to the passage, what is the primary reason for the decline in honeybee populations?A) The use of pesticides in agriculture.B) The loss of natural habitats.C) The spread of a new disease.D) The impact of climate change.答案：B2. What does the author suggest about the impact of the decline in honeybee populations?A) It will lead to a significant reduction in crop yields.B) It will have little effect on the food supply.C) It will cause a rise in food prices.D) It will result in a decrease in the variety of food available.答案：A3. What is the main argument of the passage?A) The importance of honeybees in agriculture.B) The causes of honeybee population decline.C) The consequences of the decline in honeybee populations.D) The need for immediate action to protect honeybees.答案：D4. What does the author imply about the current situation regarding honeybee populations?A) It is improving.B) It is stable.C) It is worsening.D) It is uncertain.答案：C5. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to support honeybee conservation efforts.B) To inform readers about the honeybee population decline.C) To argue for more research into the causes of honeybee decline.D) To suggest solutions to the honeybee population decline.答案：A二、完形填空（每题1分，共15分）In recent years, there has been a significant decline in the number of honeybees, which play a crucial role in the pollination of many crops. The loss of these insects could have a profound impact on the food supply. Experts have identified several factors contributing to this decline, including the use of pesticides, habitat loss, and disease. It is essential to take immediate action to protect these vital pollinators.6. In recent years, there has been a significant decline inthe number of honeybees, which play a crucial role in the______ of many crops.A) cultivationB) productionC) pollinationD) harvesting答案：C7. The loss of these insects could have a profound impact on the ______ supply.A) waterB) energyC) foodD) air答案：C8. Experts have identified several factors contributing to this decline, including the use of ______, habitat loss, and disease.A) fertilizersB) pesticidesC) chemicalsD) herbicides答案：B9. It is essential to take immediate action to protect these vital ______.A) pollinatorsB) predatorsC) decomposersD) consumers答案：A三、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）10. The study of honeybees has provided valuable insightsinto their complex social behavior and communication methods.答案：对蜜蜂的研究为我们提供了关于它们复杂社会行为和交流方式的宝贵见解。
研究生基础英语课后答案Unit1-5Unit1II V ocabulary study 词汇学习 第6页A)1、They got there in the late afternoon andwent aroundin search of a place to stay.他们在下午晚些时候到达那里并四处寻找栖身之地。
2、The astronomers were questioned on a wide range of subjects from physics to psychology.宇航员被问到广泛的问题，从物理学到心理学。
3、As people spend more time watching TV and reading the newspapers, the media plays a major role in influencing their opinions. 注意复数加s因为人们花大量的时间看电视、看报纸，媒体在影响他们的观点上发挥了主要作用。
4、There was a strange silence about what was happening, but the details of the murder were finally revealed by the local paper.人们对于关于当时发生的事情表现出奇怪的沉默，但是谋杀的细节最终被当地报纸揭露出来。
5、After another round of negotiations, they finally signed a declaration calling for an immediate ceasefire. 经过又一轮谈判之后，他们终于签署了号召立即停火的宣言。
6、Xiao Ling always seems so self-confident, but in reality she is extremely shy.小玲看起来总是很自信，但实际上她十分害羞。
《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》教师参考作者：杨炳钧复旦大学出版社，2009年第一部分学术论文基本构件及其写法课前准备【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法，对错可以先不判定，本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。
1) The Methods of Improve your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School 【解答】首先，这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误，应当修改为The Methods of Improving Your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School；其次，其中的代词your用得不合适，因为它是一种对话口吻，一般不适宜于学术论文；另外，标题中一般尽可能不用功能词，即介词、冠词、连词等。
如果要改进这个标题，可以表达为Methods of Improving College Students’ Oral English in China等。
2) The study of Chinese Teaching in Thailand Overseas School【解答】该标题修饰关系不清，大小写有误，study等多余。
可以改进为Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thailand等。
3) A New Opportunity to the moral development of rural left-behind children【解答】该标题大小写有误；new的用法值得考虑，因为除非已经有所谓的opportunity，否则就没有什么new；修饰关系也有问题，尤其是to用得不对。
可以改进为Opportunity for the Moral Development of Left-behind Children in Rural Regions等。
4) The H2O2-biosensor based on PVP and Nano-Au【解答】这个标题相对较好，但大小写还有问题，冠词多余，限定不够明确。
可以修改为Developing H2O2-biosensor Based on PVP and Nano-Au等。
5) The identification of PCV2 Gene【解答】该标题主要毛病是冠词多余，限定不够。
如果是研究如何辨别，那么可以修改为How to identify PCV2 Gene?或Identifying PCV2 Gene等。
6) advantages and challenges of electroplating on Magnesium alloys【解答】这个标题的问题是大小写不规范。
应当修改为Advantages and Challenges of Electroplating on Magnesium Alloys等。
7) The impact of threatening information on pain recover time【解答】按照英式大小写，该标题大小写是规范的，但recover的修饰关系不明确；另外，冠词the可以省略。
修改为Impact of threatening information on pain recovery time或Impact of Threatening Information on Pain Recovery Time等。
8) The Issues of Copyright in Cyber-space【解答】这个标题相对较好，没太大问题。
可以把the省略。
9) Research on student’s achievement assessment in mathematics.【解答】这个标题中的research这个词是多余的，而末尾的句点则是一个严重标题错误。
应当修改为Assessment of s tudent’s achievement in mathematics或Assessment of S tudent’s Achievement in Mathematics等。
10) the diet problem in China【解答】这个标题大小写不规范，冠词多余，话题太大、太泛，不像学术论文标题。
可以修改为Causes of the diet problem in China或Causes of the Diet Problem in China等。
【注】标题之首的冠词一般省略，而内部修饰关系中的冠词看情况来定。
标题的基本类别【提示】这部分可以采取让学生合上课本来思考标题类别的形式授课。
拟定论文标题的基本原则【提示】可以问学生哪个原则最为重要。
我们认为，可检索原则是最为重要的，只有充分体现该原则，论文才有生命力。
课后练习练习一：【解答】Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Speech: Oh What a Difference an Oh Makes该标题简练而富有吸引力，其中前半部是主题，后半部是一个典型例证，而且这个例证又从一个侧面说明Oh这个话语标记的重要作用。
Repeating Words in Spontaneous Speech该标题是常见的直接进入核心主题式的标题，简洁清晰。
练习二：【解答】（1）A model of eye movements虽然比较规范，但过于宽泛，应当加以限定。
（2）Elephants hear, elephants do虽然显得很新颖，但可检索性很差。
（3）Beauty is not simply in the eye of the beholder不像个表题，因为一般来说标题不能用句子表达，除非是问句或感叹句，另外没有科学意义上的关键词，可检索性差。
（4）A study of English car magazines published in China中的a study是多余的，另外，English car magazines的意思不清楚。
（5）Reducing air pollution in urban areas: The role of urban planners是一个很不错的标题。
练习三：参见前面的分析第二章如何写姓名、单位以及致谢？课前准备【提示】论文中的致谢不仅可以用来感谢直接对论文做出过贡献、提供过帮助或建议的人，也可以用来感谢提供资助和研究条件的单位，甚至还可以用来感谢间接对论文做出贡献的人，比如自己的亲友等。
当然，学术论文中的主要看重有直接贡献的。
署名与单位的作用【提示】版权转让协议中最为关键的是作者的签名。
在英美国家，没有签名的文件是无效的，没有法律效力。
中国人姓名的英文写法【提示】比较折中的做法是在国际交流中应当采用国际人士看起来一目了然，不至于误解的写法；而在国内采取国家标准规定的写法。
课后练习练习一：【解答】作者一个是Jean E. Fox Tree，另一个是Josef C. Schrock，共两位；其中前一个作者名为Jean E., 姓为Fox Tree，如果姓为Tree, 那么按这里的书写规律，应当写为Jean E. F. Tree；另一个作者名为Josef C., 姓为Schrock。
单位为加州大学Santa Cruz分校。
致谢中作者首先说明了基金资助情况（University of California提供的教师研究基金，University of California社会科学部研究奖，University of California提供的事业奖），之后作者感谢Herbert Clark提供资料和建议，感谢学生帮忙准备和执行实验，特别感谢Jennifer Black, Duane Cleghorn, Duane Cobb, Ben Nisenbaum 和Taylor Norrish等人，最后感谢了三个匿名审稿人，还附带说明录音转述资料可以通过作者获取。
这里要说明的是，感谢匿名审稿人非常重要，因为它可以从侧面说明刊物的严肃性和公正性。
另外，某些刊物在作者姓名下就留下详细的联系地址，而有些则在其他位置留下详细地址。
练习二：【解答】根据自己的情况来写，关键在于符合规范。
【提示】汉语可以不用或少用连接词，英语则必须依赖连接词来进行表达。
第三章摘要的特点及其写法课前准备【提示】英文摘要不是汉语摘要的一对一的译文。
当然，如果汉语摘要和英语摘要都严格按照大多数定量研究所规定规范来写，那么以一对一的翻译也是可以接受的。
【解答】该摘要第一句话实际上是“研究目的”，即研究food habits；第二句话是研究的背景理论或观点；第三和第四句讲的是“研究方法”；第五、六句是“研究结果”；最后两句话是结论。
摘要的基本结构和写法【提示】无论如何写，摘要都不能与引言和结论中的句子完全重复。
它们各自的作用并不同。
【提示】一般少用this paper/article/manuscript等表达，开门见山地直接用所涉及的变量或对象来进行说明。
这里举例子时用得比较多，原因是缺乏上下文而只举些简单的例子。
关键词与概要【提示】有些学位论文每一章结束时都可以进行一个小的总结，也成为summary，目的就是把该章的主要内容加以高度概括。
课后练习练习一：【解答】Acquisition of a Personal Morality: Chinese Educational Perspectives 这个摘要的标题是合适的。
内容包括：背景[Acquisition of a personal morality is one of the most important topics addressed by social and educational theorists.]目的[We review ancient and modern Chinese scholarly perspectives related to the acquisition of personal morality, and present our conclusions, ]结论[that morality is best conveyed through education, and needs to be an essential component of a basic K-12 secular educational curriculum.] 这个摘要中review一词表明了其研究方法是综述或评述。
总体来看内容比较合理。
不过，“结论”部分的语言表达需要作如下改进：We review ancient and modern Chinese scholarly perspectives related to the acquisition of personal morality. It can be concluded that morality is best conveyed through education, and it needs to be an essential component of a basic K-12 secular educational curriculum.The Clone of Upstream Control Sequence of Bombyx mandarina Sericin1 Gene 这个摘要的标题需要改进，根据内容应当修改为Comparing the upstream regulation sequence of silkworm sericin gene内容包括：背景[第1、2句]研究目的和方法[第3、4句]研究结论[第5句]时态和有些表达表达不当，应当修改如下：Abstract: The sericin1 gene is the main expression gene which expresses the sericin protein, and its sequence and structure has been studied in detail. Its upstream regulation sequence has much influence on the expression and regulation of the gene. This research compared the upstream regulation sequence of silkworm sericin gene with that of sericin gene of different Bombyx mandarina from different areas through PCR, analysed the polymoriphyism of Bombyx mandarina sequences by comparing the difference among sequences. The results indicated that the upstream regulation sequence of sericin gene between silkworm and Bombyx mandarina was highly homologous.Keywords:sericin gene; upstream control sequence; polymoriphyism;Bombyx mandarinaStudy of characteristics of DFB laser with optical feedback这个摘要的标题需要改进，根据内容应当修改为Output characteristics of DFB lasers subjected to optical feedback背景[第1、2句]研究目的和方法[in this paper 到the simulation results之前]研究结论[剩余部分]时态、标点有些表达不当，应当修改如下：Abstract: With the development of optical communication, semiconductor lasers become indispensable in long distance communication and information processing, but they are very sensitive to external optical feedback and tend to yield nonlinear dynamic output. Based on the theoretical model of semiconductor lasers with external-cavity optical feedback by Lang-Kobayashi, the output characteristics of DFB lasers subjected to optical feedback are studied in this paper. The simulation results showed that, under the optical feedback, the output of DFB lasers are affected by feedback strength and feedback delay time. When the feedback strength and feedback delay time are increased, DFB lasers exhibit stable period-one oscillation, period-two oscillation, multi-period oscillation, deterministic chaos and many other complex nonlinear instabilities. When the DFB lasers exhibit chaotic characteristics, the output of the semiconductor lasers is complicated, irregular, and noise-like sub-nanosecond pulse waveform.Key words: DFB laser; external-cavity; optical feedback练习二：【解答】引言，背景，目的，假设，方法，结果，讨论，结论。
