高级英语下册张汉熙版词汇及修辞3

高级英语第二册词汇短语Lesson One Face to Face with Hurricane Camile词汇:✓hurricane (n.): a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour,often accompanied by torrential rains,and originating usually in the West Indian region飓风✓lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击;拍打✓pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows,esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打✓course (n.): a way of behaving;mode 0f conduct行为;品行;做法✓demolish (v.): pull down．tear down,or smash to pieces (a building,etc．),destroy:ruin拉倒;打碎;拆毁;破坏;毁灭✓motel (n.):a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆✓gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner or speech;harsh and throaty;hoarse粗暴的,粗鲁的;粗哑的。

嘶哑的✓batten (n.): fasten with battens用压条钉住(或固定)✓methodically (adv.): orderly,systematically有秩序地;有条理地✓main (n.): a principal pipe, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc(自来水,煤气,电等的)总管✓bathtub (n.): a tub,now usually a bathroom fixture,in which to take a bath浴盆,浴缸✓generator (n.): a machine for changing mechanical energy into electrical energy;dynamo发电机,发动机✓scud (v.): run or move swiftly;glide or skim along easily疾行,飞驰;掠过✓mattress (n.): a casing of strong cloth or other fabric filled with cotton,hair,foam rubber,etc．床垫;褥子✓pane (n.):a single division of a window,etc.,consisting of a sheet of glass in a frame;such a sheet of glass窗格;窗玻璃✓disintegrate (v.): separate into parts or fragments; break up;disunite分裂,分解,裂成碎块✓blast (n.): a strong rush of(air or wind)一股(气流);一阵(风)✓douse (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid;drench; pour liquid over把…浸入液体里;使浸透;✓brigade (n.): a group of people organized to function. unit in some work(组织起来执行某种任务的)队✓scramble (v.): climb,crawl,or clamber hurriedly爬行;攀(登)✓litter (n.): the young borne at one time by a dog,cat or other animal which normally bears several young at a delivery(狗、猫等多产动物)一胎生下的小动物✓shudder (n.): shake or tremble suddenly and violently,as in horror or extreme disgust震颤,战栗✓ferocity (n.): wild force or cruelty;ferociousness凶猛;凶恶,残忍;暴行✓swipe (n.):a hard,sweeping blow[口]猛击,重击✓maroon (av.): leave abandoned,isolated,or helpless使处于孤立无援的处境✓devastate (nv.): destroy;lay waste;make desolate毁坏,摧毁;使荒芜✓swath (n.): the space or width covered with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device刈幅(挥动镰刀所及面积)✓huddle (v.): crowd,push,or nestle close together。

张汉熙版《高级英语》第二册 lesson 1 课后练习答案习题全解I.Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )Ⅱ.以下内容需要回复才能看到1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a fewfeet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty waterwas sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs areintroductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by;(American English) pay a visit4.blow in:burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light,fire,generator。

1.Transferred epithet2. Repetition3. Euphemism4. Antithesis5. Alliteration6. Personification7. Metaphor 8. Irony 9. Metonymy 10. Simile。

Lesson 2Metonymy●...little old Japan adrift amid beige concreteskyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt●I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact.Euphemism:●Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthlycares.Alliteration: the repetition of an initial sound that is usu.a consonant in two or more neighbouring words.●slip to a stop●tested and treatedRhetorical Question: a question that needs no answer, but used for emphasis●Was I not at the scene of the crime?Anti-Climax: the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device is usu. aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.●a town known throughout the world for its---oystersIrony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humour or sarcasm.●Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan●Each day of suffering that helps to free my from earthlycares●congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illnesshas brought meLesson 3Metaphor:●...the nerves of both ... were excessivelyfrayed…●his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.●The words spat forth with sudden savagery.●I’ll spell it out....●the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…●his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.●The words spat forth with sudden savagery.●I’ll spell it out.●Her tone ...withered...●...self-assurance...flickered...●The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racingmind.●Her voice was a whiplash.●eyes bored into him●they'll throw the book,...Euphemism:●...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:●won 100 at the tables●lost it at the bar●they'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 4Ironym arching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryOxymoron: formed by conjoining of two contrasting terms.M alone called my conviction a "victorious defeat".b itter sweet memoriesp roud humilityo rderly chaosa damned saintPun:D arwin is right --- inside.Assonance:w hen bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition:T he truth always wins...the truth...the truth...Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldTransferred epithetD arrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm roundmy shoulder.AntithesisT he Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come frombelow.Metaphor:my case would snowball into...o ur town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.T he street ...sprouted with ...… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…Unit 6Alliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained slothsstayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than hispickaxepen associated with writing talent, pickaxassociated with mining,SynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerceAntithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:...men's final release from earthly strugglediligently avoiding contact with the enemyPersonification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever... the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.wealth described as a ladySimile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summerof freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Metaphor:Mark Twain -- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of pioneering spirit...but its flotsam of hustlers, thugs When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Lesson 12Metonymy… silencing thousands of songs …Lesson 14Parallelism:●The past, with its crimes,●its follies,●and its tragedies...●I see,...I see...●the return of the bread-winner,●of their champion,●of their protector●We shall fight him by land,●we shall fight him by sea,●we shall fight him in the air●Any man or state...●Any man or state...●Let us...●Let us...Noun phrases:●I had not the slightest doubt where ...●With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences:●When I awoke on...invasion of Russia.●If Hitler imagines that... woefully mistaken.Repetition:●We have but one aim and one single purpose●nothing will turn us---nothing●We will never parley, we will never negotiate...●This is our policy and this is our declaration●as we shall faithfully and steadfastlyAssonance: the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words●clanking, heel-clicking,…●cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawlinglocusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...●easier and safer preyAlliteration:●dull, drilled, docile...●for his hearth and home●with its clanking, heel-clicking...Metaphor:The essential form of a metaphor is X is Y, and all forms of metaphor can be condensed into this form.●Snow clothes the ground.●Snow (X---tenor) is clothe (Y---vehicle).●Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, weremoving jewels.●Boy (X---tenor) is jewel (Y---vehicle) .●The ship ploughed the sea.●Ship (X --- tenor) is plough (Y ---vehicle)●cataract of horrors●rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from hisyoke●The scene will be clear for the final act.●They will be rounded up in hordes.●I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...●Means of existence is wrung from the soil...Simile●The bus (tenor) went as slowly similarity as a snail(vehicle).●The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.● Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like awaterfall.。

高级英语第二册修辞高英下册部分课中的修辞手法的运用 未注明的句子修辞均为metaphor …no one has any idea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The The fact fact fact that that that their their their marriages marriages marriages may may may be be be on on on the the rocks, rocks, or or or that that that their their their love love love affairs affairs have have been been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side … They They are are are like like like the the the musketeers musketeers musketeers of of of Dumas Dumas Dumas……(simile) …did not delve into each other.. …suddenly suddenly the alchemy of the alchemy of conversation took place,place,……The glow of the conversation burst into flames. The conversation was on wings. ,we should think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasants. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. T he Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, clock, and and and floated floated floated to to to the the the ends ends ends of of of the the the earth. earth. (simile) Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. e W e would would would never never never have have have gone gone gone to to to Australia, Australia, Australia, or or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. Symbolizing Symbolizing an an an end end end as as as well well well as as as a a a beginning, beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition) ..to ..to assist assist assist free free free men men men and and and free free free government government government……（repetition ）.friend and foe (alliteration) Pay any price, bear any burden.. (alliteration) Survival and success of liberty. (alliteration) United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.(antithesis) If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich(antithesis) Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead instead of of of belaboring belaboring belaboring those those those problems problems problems which which divide us. (antithesis) Let Let us us us never never never negotiate negotiate negotiate out out out of of of fear fear fear but but but let let let us us never fear to negotiate.(chiasmus) Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country. (chiasmus) ..in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. But But this this this peaceful peaceful peaceful revolution revolution revolution of of of hope hope hope cannot cannot become the prey of hostile powers. And And let let let every every every other other other power power power know know know that that that this this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house. ..to ..to strengthen strengthen strengthen its its its shield shield shield of of of the the the new new new and and and the the weak. And And if if if a beachhead of a beachhead of cooperation cooperation may may may push push back the jungle of suspicion The The energy, energy, energy, the the the faith, faith, faith, the the the devotion devotion devotion which which which we we bring bring to to to this this this endeavor endeavor endeavor will will will light light light our our our country country and and all all all who who who serve serve serve it, it, it, and and and the the the glow glow glow from from from that that fire can truly light the world. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb ’s frontier. Could Ruskin do more?(rhetorical question) Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony) My My brain brain brain was was was as as as powerful powerful powerful as as as a a a dynamo, dynamo, dynamo, as as precise as a chemist ’s scales, as penetrating as a a scalpel scalpel scalpel (simile, (simile, (simile, hyperbole, hyperbole, hyperbole, and and and parallelism, parallelism, irony) My brain ,…slipped into high gear It It is, is, is, after after after all, all, all, to to to make make make a a a beautiful beautiful beautiful dumb dumb dumb girl girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(antithesis) ,.. desire waxing, resolution waning.(antithesis) If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. It It is is is not not not often often often that that that one one one so so so young young young has has has such such such a a giant intellect (hyperbole) He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole) You are the whole world to me, and the moon and and the the the stars stars stars and and and the the the constellations constellations constellations of of of outer outer space. (hyperbole) ..the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet. (simile) ..logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, discipline, is is a a living, living, living, breathing breathing thing, thing, full full full of of beauty, passion, and trauma. There There is is is a a a limit limit limit to to to what what what flesh flesh flesh and and and blood blood blood can can bear.(synecdoche) He He has has has hamstrung hamstrung his his opponent opponent opponent before before before he he could even start. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein.(Antonomasia) …prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality. The war acted as merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry (metonymy, antonomasia) .. .. to to to add add add their their their own own own little little little matchsticks matchsticks matchsticks to to to the the conflagration of “flaming youth ”, …now now began began began to to to imitate imitate imitate the the the manners manners manners imitate imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. When When it it it did, did, did, I I I like like like many many many a a a writer writer writer before before before me me upon upon the the the discovery discovery discovery that that that his his his props props props have have have all all been knocked out from under him …a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle. It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy ” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been An American writer writer fights fights fights his his his way way way to to to one one one of of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel tunnel and and and found found found himself himself himself beneath beneath beneath the the the open open sky(simile) He needs sustenance for his journey 。

张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphraseUnit11、We’re elevated 23.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2、The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.we can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4、The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out.5、Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars6、The electricity systems had been killed by water.The electricity systems in the car had been put out by water .7、John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8、Get us through this mess, will you?Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.Unit2Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them... They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.At last the taxi trip come to an end, and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the giganticCity Hall.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development...experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in m y socks. 一想到这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长我就感到十分困窘不安。

Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York一、词汇短语1. bush [] adj. belonging to small towns; rustic粗俗的，乡土气的，乡下的2. beget [] vt. to cause to exist or occur; produce产生，引起，招致：Healthand cheerfulness mutually beget each other.健康与欢乐相辅相成。

3. holdout [] n. a place that holds out坚固据点4. deficiency [] n. a lack of something that is necessary缺乏，不足：a deficiency of protein蛋白质不足5. pacesetter [] n. a person or company that is considered to be aleader in a particular area of activity标兵6. sitcom [] n. a situation comedy情景喜剧7. clone [] v. a）to reproduce or propagate asexually无性生殖；b）to makemultiple identical copies of （a DNA sequence）复制，克隆8. preempt [] v. to take the place of; displace占据……的位置，取代：A special news program preempted the scheduled shows.特别的新节目取代预定计划的表演。

9. casino [] n. a public room or building for gambling and otherentertainment娱乐场，赌场10. nightspot [] n. nightclub夜总会11. superdome []n. a large dome-shaped structure, especially a sports stadium超级穹顶12. bilk [] vt. to defraud, cheat, or swindle蒙骗，欺骗：He made millions bybilking wealthy clients on art sales.他在艺术品销售中骗取富有顾客的大量钱财。

张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（修订本...Unit6一、词汇短语1.skyline[]n.a window in a roof or ceiling天窗2.thermodynamics[]n.physics that deals withthe relationships between heat and other forms of energy热力学3.genetics[]n.the study of how the qualities of living things are passed on in their genes遗传学4.mutation[]n.an alteration or change,as in nature,form,or quality（本质、形式上的）变化：genetic mutation基因突变5.discredit[]vt.a）to refuse to believe不相信，怀疑：discreditall rumors不相信所有谣传；b）to damage in reputation;disgrace败坏……声誉，使受辱：an attempt to discredit the government给政府抹黑的可笑企图6.corollary[]n.a deduction or an inference推理，推论：Anotherevident corollary is that the end is the final cause of the effect and not ofthe efficient cause.另外一个明显的推论即：目的是结果的终极因，但不是直接原因。

7.homogeneous[]adj.of the same or similarnature or kind同种的，同类的：They are homogeneous people.他们是同类人。

1.We’re elevated 23 feet. =our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place (house) has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered (caused any damage to it)3.We can batten down and ride it out. =we can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane withoutmuch damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out. =water got into the generator and put it out. It stoppedproducing electricity, so the light also went out.5.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. =as john watched the water inch its way up thesteps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.6.Janis had just one delayed reaction.=Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervoustension caused by the hurricane.1.and it is an activity only of humans =and conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings2.conversation is not for making a point = conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas3.in fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose = in fact, a person who really enjoys and isskilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his viewpoint4.bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’ lives = people who meet each others for a drink in a bar are notintimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each others’ life5.it could still go ignorantly on = the conversation could go without anybody knowing who was right or wrong6.there are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef =these animals are called cattle when they are alive andfeeding in the fields; but when we sit down at table to eat we called their meat beef7.the new ruling class had built a cultural barrier him by building their French against his own lg. = the newruling class by using French instead of eg made it difficult for the eg to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers8.eg had come royally into its own =the eg lg received proper recognition and was used by the king once more9.the phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes = the phrase, theking’s eg, has always disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often made fun of the proper and formal lg of the educational people10.the rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there =there still exists in the working people, as in the earlySaxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class11.there is always a great danger that” words will harden into things for us”= there is always a great danger thatwe might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent12.even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s eg slips and slides in conversation = even themost educated and liberated people use non-standard, informal, rather than standard, formal eg in their conversation 13.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe. =buttoday this issue has not been decided in many countries around the world.14.United, there is little we cannot do in host of cooperative ventures. =bound together we can accomplish a lot ofthings in the variety of joint ventures.15.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. =we will not allow any enemycountry to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.16.Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace.=theUS is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.17.Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidentalself-destruction. = before the terrible forces of destruction which science can now release, overwhelm mankind;before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.18.Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war. =yet bothgroups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from an launching mankind’s final war.19.So let us begin anew (once begin), remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness. = andremember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.20.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to leadthe land we love. = our sure reward will be a good conscience and the history finally will judge whether we have done our task well or not. Let us start leading the country we love.21.By the very of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom. = because of the fact itself that man produces,he has developed to a much higher level than or the other animals22.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. =work also frees man andmakes him into a social being independent of nature23.All are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill. =no matter when it wasdone or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively 24.There is no spilt of work and play, or work and culture. =the worker finds pleasure in his work and through workhe also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.25.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticism,” an answer to man’s sense of alonenessand isolation.=work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life.Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of his ascetic life.26.Work has become alienated from the working person. =work has been separated from the worker and the workeris not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.27.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity. =work helps the worker to earnmoney; except this it is not an activity with much significance28. a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on = just earning some money is not enough for a worker toestablish his self-respect29.most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche= mostindustrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the workers’ mind30.it is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management=better relations with the public will yield largeprofits to management31.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity=the fact that gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.32.He has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it=the businessman gets theknowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces33.the slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged.=at very mention of theTwenties, middle-aged people began to recall it longingly and young people curious and began to ask questions about it34.the rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable= anyway, it was inevitable for America to discardVictorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristics of Victorian eg35.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure=the war onlyhelped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure.36.it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughtyalcoholic sophistication =in America ,at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be wordly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.37.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit=the young peoplefound more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.38.our young men began to enlist under foreign flags=our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.39.They “wanted to get up into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up= they wanted to take part in theadventure of war before it ended.40.they had outgrown towns and families=they couldn’t adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and familiesanymore41.The returning veteran also had to face the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition=the returning veterans alsohad to face the stupid cynicism shown by the Victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did.42.sth in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”=under this pressure sth in the young people, who werealready very tense, had to break down.43.it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and“Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center=it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional culture44.each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality=each town was proud that it has groupof wild unconventional people45.it is a complex fate to be an American=the fate of American is complicated and full of changes and possibilities46.They were no more at home in Europe than I was=all of us felt uneasy in Europe.47.we were both searching for our separate identities= Each of us was trying to find his own set of personalcharacteristics by which his recognizable as a member of some group48.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here=I don’t think I could have accepted my status ofbeing a Negro willingly in America49.Europe can be very crippling too=sometimes things in Europe can also be very frustrating50.it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here=it is easier to contact with people ofdifferent social status and occupations in Europe than in American51. a man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened= inEurope a good waiter and actor is equally proud of their social status and jobs. Neither of them envies the other and is not afraid of losing their position52.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it=I was born in NY, but have lived only in some smallareas of it53.on this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends=the life of a writer wholly depends upon whether or nothe accepts he will always carry the marks of the origins54.American writers do no have a fixed society to describe=American writers do not live in the society wherenothing is changed .instead, everything is unchangeable in their society so they do not have a fixed society to write about55.every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of thepeople= actually, every society is ruled and influence by hidden laws, and by many people deeply felt and taken for granted by its people, though not openly expressed56.this reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable= the reconsideration of many things that onehad always taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable57.nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste=nowadays NY is often in disagreement with taste of theAmerican people58.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends=NY even indulged itself infeeling of satisfaction for it can resist the prevailing trends of America59.sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves fromCalifornia =situation comedy which are similar in content and style are produced in large amounts in Hollywood and the live broadcasting of JC’s talk show dominated the radio and the TV channels of California60.it is making sth of a comeback as a tourist attraction= it is regaining somewhat its status as a tourist attraction61.to win in New York is to be uneasy= to a person who succeeds in NY is disturbed by constant worries that hemight fail someday in the fierce competition62.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York =the chances to enjoy the pleasures of nature are very limitedin NY63.the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens= the city’s bright lights seem haughtily to make the skydim64.but the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated=but a wholehearted dedication to art, which isbohemian style can be overstated65.in both these roles it ratifies more than it creates=in these two roles of banking and communications headquarters,NY originates very few things but gives its approval a lot to many things created by other cities66.the television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype=the generation who grew up watching andenjoying TV was constantly and strongly influenced by exaggerated ads67.those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines=writers who are creatingchallenging novels make their living in the same time by writing articles for popular magazines68.Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.=Broadway,which seemed to give in to the flashy shows put on in the surrounding areas, become active again69.he prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life=he likes the unhealthy turmoil and livelyatmosphere of a city more70.the defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town=the people who failed in thestruggle of life are not hidden away in slums where other people can not see them71.The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.= NY constantly irritates the people living here butoccasionally it stimulates them。