金属粉末冶炼技术的主要流程英文回答：Metal powder metallurgy is a process that involves the production of metal powders and their subsequent consolidation into solid metal components. The main steps in the metal powder metallurgy process include powder production, powder blending, compacting, sintering, and finishing.1. Powder Production:The first step in metal powder metallurgy is the production of metal powders. There are several methods for producing metal powders, including atomization, chemical reduction, and mechanical comminution. Atomization is the most common method, which involves melting the metal and then spraying it with a high-pressure gas to form droplets that solidify into powder particles.2. Powder Blending:After the metal powders are produced, they are often blended with other powders or additives to achieve desired properties or compositions. This step is crucial in achieving the desired characteristics of the final product.3. Compacting:The blended metal powders are then compacted into a desired shape using a variety of techniques, such as cold pressing or isostatic pressing. Cold pressing involves compressing the powders at room temperature, whileisostatic pressing applies pressure from all directions using a fluid medium.4. Sintering:The compacted powders are then subjected to a sintering process. Sintering involves heating the powders in a controlled atmosphere to a temperature below their melting point, causing the particles to bond together. This resultsin a solid, porous structure known as a green compact.5. Finishing:The final step in metal powder metallurgy is finishing, which involves various processes to improve the mechanical properties, surface finish, and dimensional accuracy of the sintered components. Finishing processes may include machining, heat treatment, and surface coating.Metal powder metallurgy offers several advantages over traditional metal processing methods. It allows for the production of complex shapes, reduces material waste, and can achieve a high level of material purity. It is widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics, where lightweight and high-performance components are required.中文回答：金属粉末冶金技术是一种将金属粉末制备并进一步固化成金属零件的工艺过程。
等离子体雾化法工艺流程英文回答：Plasma atomization is a method used to produce fine powders by converting a molten material into droplets through the use of a plasma torch. This process involves several steps that I will explain.First, the material to be atomized is melted using a high-temperature plasma torch. The torch generates a plasma arc that can reach temperatures as high as 15,000 degrees Celsius. This intense heat is necessary to melt the material and create a liquid state.Once the material is in a liquid state, it is then introduced into a high-velocity gas stream. This gas stream can be either an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen, or a reactive gas, depending on the desired properties of the final powder. The gas stream helps to break up the liquid material into small droplets.As the liquid droplets are carried away by the gas stream, they rapidly cool and solidify. This solidification process is crucial for the formation of fine powders. The rapid cooling prevents the formation of large particles and promotes the formation of small, uniform particles.The solidified droplets are then collected and further processed to obtain the desired powder characteristics. This can include processes such as sieving, milling, and heat treatment. These additional steps help to refine the powder and ensure its quality.Plasma atomization has several advantages over other atomization methods. Firstly, it allows for the production of powders with a narrow particle size distribution, meaning that the particles are relatively uniform in size. This is important in applications where consistent powder properties are required.Secondly, plasma atomization can be used to produce powders from a wide range of materials, including metals,ceramics, and even some polymers. This versatility makes it a valuable technique in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and medical.Lastly, plasma atomization offers the possibility to produce powders with unique properties. For example, by using reactive gases, it is possible to introduce specific chemical compositions or surface modifications to the powders. This opens up new opportunities for tailoring the properties of the final product.In conclusion, the process of plasma atomization involves melting a material using a plasma torch, atomizing the molten material into droplets using a high-velocity gas stream, and then collecting and further processing the solidified droplets. This method offers advantages such as narrow particle size distribution, versatility, and the ability to customize powder properties.中文回答：等离子体雾化是一种通过使用等离子火炬将熔融材料转化为液滴，从而产生细粉末的方法。
连杆是柴油机的要紧传动件之一，本文要紧论述了连杆的加工工艺及其夹具设计。
连杆的尺寸精度、形状精度和位置精度的要求都很高，而连杆的刚性比较差，容易产生变形，因此在安排工艺进程时，就需要把各要紧表面的粗精加工工序分开。
慢慢减少加工余量、切削力及内应力的作用，并修正加工后的变形，就能够最后达到零件的技术要求。
连杆零件加工工艺大量生产的工艺特征：零件的互换性：具有广泛的互换性，少数装配精度较高处，采用分组装配法和调整法。
毛坯的制造方法和加工余：广泛采用金属模机器造型，铸或其他商效方法。
毛坯精度高，加工余量小。
机床设备及其布置形式：广泛采用商效专用机床及自动机床，按流水线和自动排列设备。
工艺装备：广泛采用高效夹具，复合刀具，专用量具或自动检验装置，靠调整法达到精度要求。
对工人的技术要求：对调整工的技术水平要求高，对操作工的技术水平要求较低。
工艺文件：有工艺过程卡或工序卡，关键工序要调整卡和检验卡。
成本：较低。
生产率：高。
工人劳动条件：较好。
第二节零件的分析一、零件的分析（1）加工表面的尺寸精度和形状精度。
（2）主要加工表面之间的相互位置精度。
（3）加工表面的粗糙度及其他方面的表面质量要求。
（4）热处理及其他要求。
连杆零件的图样的视图正确，完整，尺寸，公差及技术要求齐全。
但基准孔Φ14H8mm要求μm比较高，需要绞孔。
本零件的两大小头孔的加工并不困难。
根据零件的技术要求，其大小头孔的两中心的平行度要求比较高，达Φ，因此在加工时应设计一夹具来保证两孔中心的平行度要求。
另外就是该零件的油槽加工，分析该小孔是做油孔之用，位置精度不需要太高，只要钻至沟槽之内，即能使油路畅通就行。
再就是铣小头孔上十字形通槽，需要设计一夹具来加工。
二、选择毛坯及毛坯制造方法(1) 根据零件用途确定毛坯类型。
(2)根据批量（生产纲领）确定毛坯制造方法。
(3)根据手册查定表面加工余量及余量公差。
根据技术要求，零件材料为ZG310—570，即铸造碳钢。
收稿日期：２０２１－１２－０３基金项目：金华市科技计划项目（２０１９ ２ ００６）。
作者简介：罗文文（１９８０年－），女，湖北天门人，高级农艺师，主要从事茶叶生产技术推广工作。
Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：１８４８６６０２０＠ｑｑ．ｃｏｍ‘春雨二号’绿茶花香型组分提升工艺优化方案罗文文１ 方奇挺２（１．金华市经济特产技术推广站，浙江金华３２１０１７；２．浙江大学茶叶研究所，浙江杭州３１００５８） 摘 要 ‘春雨二号’，是一种适制高香型绿茶的国家级品种。
本研究设计了‘春雨二号’绿茶加工过程中以温度为变量的五因素三水平的正交试验，采用极差法分析，明确各个工艺对花香物质（芳樟醇及其氧化物、苯乙醇、香叶醇等）组分影响大小及最佳温度组合，从而进一步发挥‘春雨二号’的品种优势。
实验表明，对‘春雨二号’花香型化合物组分占比影响最大的工艺是杀青温度，其次为第一次干燥温度。
并通过正交实验分析得到最佳工艺参数为：杀青温度１１０℃（滚筒空气温度），第一次理条温度设置３１０℃，第二次理条温度设置２３０℃，毛火温度９０℃，足火温度８０℃。
关键词 春雨二号；花香物质；加工温度；正交实验；极差分析 中图分类号：ＴＳ２７２．５＋１ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：０５７７ ８９２１（２０２２）０１ ０２９ ０５Ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ‘ＣｈｕｎｙｕＮｏ．２’ｇｒｅｅｎｔｅａｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｅｒｙｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎＬＵＯＷｅｎｗｅｎ１，ＦＡＮＧＱｉｔｉｎｇ２（１．ＪｉｎｈｕａＣｉｔｙＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＳｐｅｃｉａｌｔｙＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＰｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎ，Ｊｉｎｈｕａ３２１０１７，Ｃｈｉｎａ；２．ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＴｅａＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，Ｈａｎｇｚｈｏｕ３１００５８，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ Ｔｈｅｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｔｅａｃｕｌｔｉｖａｒ‘ＣｈｕｎｙｕＮｏ．２’ｉｓｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｐｒｅｍｉｕｍｇｒｅｅｎｔｅａｗｉｔｈｆｌｏｗｅｒｙａｒｏｍａ．Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｆｕｌｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｔｈｅｆｒａｇｒａｎｔｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆ‘ＣｈｕｎｙｕＮｏ．２’，ａｎｏｒｔｈｏｇｏｎａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｗｉｔｈｆｉｖｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｎｄｔｈｒｅｅｌｅｖｅｌｓ，ｕｓｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｓｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｓ，ｗａｓｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄｔｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｅａｃｈｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｆｌｏｗｅｒｙｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｓ（ｌｉｎａｌｏｏｌａｎｄｉｔｓｏｘｉｄｅｓ，ｐｈｅｎｙｌｅｔｈａｎｏｌ，ｇｅｒａｎｉｏｌ，ｅｔｃ．）ａｎｄａｃｈｉｅｖｅｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｍｕｍｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｌｏｗｅｒｙｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｓｗａｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｍｏｒｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｆｉｘａｔｉｏｎｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ，ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｄｒｙｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｒａｎｇｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｏｒｔｈｏｇｏｎａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ，ｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｍｕｍｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓａｒｅｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄ，ｖｉｚ．ｆｉｘａｔｉｏｎｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ１１０℃（ｄｒｕｍａｉｒｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ），ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｌｉｔｔｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ３１０℃，ｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄｓｌｉｔｔｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ２３０℃，ｔｈｅｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙｄｒｙｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ９０℃ａｎｄｔｈｅｆｉｎａｌｄｒｙｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ８０℃．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ ＣｈｕｎｙｕＮｏ．２；ｆｌｏｗｅｒｙｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｓ；ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ；ｏｒｔｈｏｇｏｎａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ；ｒａｎｇｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ 茶叶中的芳香物质也称为“挥发性香气组分”，虽然香气物质占茶叶干重的比例很低，但是决定茶叶品质的重要因素之一［１］。
