汉英互译学生版-英汉部分

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English-Chinese /English-Chinese TranslationWhat is translation?通俗的定义⏹《辞海》:把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。

⏹《牛津英语词典》:在保留意义的情况下从一种语言转变成另一种语言。

⏹I love you. 我爱你。

⏹Who are you? 你是谁?⏹Today is Monday. 今天是星期一。

⏹One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.⏹一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝。

三个和尚没水喝⏹他见马克思去了。

⏹He passed away.Word has its meaning in context.上课了?⏹Sauna⏹Pizza⏹Nike⏹Maxwell house⏹Jazz⏹Olay⏹The senator picked up his hat and courage.⏹参议员拾起了帽子,也鼓起了勇气文艺学的定义⏹从文艺学的角度解释翻译,认为翻译是艺术创作的一种形式,强调语言的创造功能,讲究译品的艺术效果Translation is art.⏹My dear father has joined the heavenly choir.⏹My dear father has passed away.⏹My father has died.⏹My old man has just kicked the bucket.⏹升天、过世、死了、翘辫子海上升明月,天涯共此时⏹Rising is the bright moon above the sea,Arising harmonious feeling you and me.⏹A round bright moon above the sea, a faraway homesickness you and me⏹Above the sea, the bright moon is hanging.In our hearts, the nostalgia is feeling.⏹Day after day he came to his work-sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.Exercises影视片名的翻译transliteration 音译⏹Titanic⏹Mona Lisa⏹Hamletliteral translation 直译⏹My Fair Lady⏹The Graduate⏹Beauty and the Beast⏹Sleepless in Seattle⏹A Walk in the Clouds⏹Blood and Sand⏹The Silence of LampsFree translation 意译⏹Waterloo Bridge⏹Cloud Dancer⏹The Bathing Beauty⏹Gone with the Wind⏹The Red Shoes译名混乱⏹Ghost⏹Pretty Woman⏹Do the Right Thing⏹The House of the Spirits⏹The Sun Also RisesThe properties of translation⏹One servant, two masters⏹一仆二主Criteria of Translating⏹王佐良⏹一切照原作,雅俗如之,深浅如之,口气如之,文体如之。

⏹钱钟书⏹文学翻译的最高标准是“化”,把一国语言转化为另一国语言,既能不因语言差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完整保存原有的风味,那就算得上“化境”。

换句话说,译本对原作应该忠实得以至于读起来不像译本,因为作品在原文里决不会读起来象经过翻译似的。

⏹严复和他的“信、达、雅”⏹《天演论-译例言》1898⏹译事三难:信、达、雅。

求其信已大难矣,顾信矣不达,虽译由犹不译也,则达尚焉。

⏹过分表达⏹Over-presentation⏹欠表达⏹Under-presentationA Brief Introduction of Chinese Translation HistoryFirst climax of Chinese Translation⏹Starting: 67A.D. White Horse Temple,白马寺Luoyang, 洛阳East Han Dynasty⏹Time: More than 1,600 years (Han-Song)⏹Han (25-220) Tang(618-907) Song(960-1279)⏹Material translated: works of Buddhism⏹Translators: monks, (Xuan Zang)⏹Climax: Tang Dynasty⏹Function: To lull the People (negative)⏹Supports: From top to bottomSecond Climax of Chinese Translation⏹Time: about several hundred years (End of Ming-starting of Qing)⏹Ming(1368-1644) Qing(1644-1912)⏹Material translated: works of western religion and some classical books of natural science(by-products)⏹Books about mathematics, hydraulics and geography (Elements几何原本)⏹Translators: western missionaries, and some Chinese scientists(Xu Guangqi)⏹Climax: around 16th and 17th century⏹Function: To spread the religious belief (negative)⏹Supports: unofficialThird Climax of Chinese Translation⏹Time:More than half century⏹End of Qing (1840-Early Stage of 20th century)⏹First Stage:(1840-1898)⏹Material translated: works of western natural science⏹Translators:Yangwu Pai (Li Hongzhang, Zeng Guofan)⏹Aim: To save the governing of Qing administration⏹Supports: Official左宗棠⏹Second stage: 1898-Early Stage of 20th century)⏹Material translated: works of western new sciences of sociology, economics,logic and law, and literary works⏹Translators: People of different social classes⏹Aim: to save the countryYan Fu (严复) and his Translating⏹Ya n Fu‟s 信(faithfulness) 达(expressiveness) 雅(gracfulness)⏹Yan Fu‟s Masterpiece Evolution and Ethnics(天演论)Lin Shu (林纾) and his Translating⏹Lin Shu‟s Masterpiece La Dame aux Camelias (巴黎茶花女遗事)⏹works translated by Lin Shu :108 in total汉籍外译简史a brief introduction of the translation of Chinese works汉籍外译的开端⏹开端:公元508-534年,南北朝时期⏹译者:1 菩提流支,天竺僧人,将佛教经典著作译为梵文。

2 刘世清,北齐人,将佛教著作译为突厥文。

⏹目的:传教,为统治者利用,麻痹人民唐朝的汉籍外译⏹译者:玄奘和一群道士⏹译作:道德经隋唐以后的汉籍翻译⏹汉籍被译成藏文、西夏文、回鹘文、契丹文、女真文、蒙文和满文。

⏹期间,政府不鼓励外译经典汉籍。

汉籍外译仅是散兵游勇。

晚清民初的汉籍翻译⏹背景:中西交流日益增多,尤其是外译汉的发展。

⏹汉籍外译的三个代表:⏹辜鸿铭⏹张庆桐⏹苏曼殊辜鸿铭⏹英译《论语》、《中庸》张庆桐⏹俄译《李鸿章》苏曼殊⏹精通日、英、法、梵⏹苏曼殊(1884~1918)⏹近代作家、诗人、翻译家。

民国汉籍外译的代表-林语堂⏹林语堂其人⏹(1895年10月3日-1976年3月26日)译作:《墨子》《镜花缘》《老残游记》《古文小品选译》《英译庄子》《中国著名诗文选读》新中国的汉籍外译代表⏹杨宪益,戴乃迭/ 《红楼梦》《楚辞》⏹沙博理(Sidney Shapiro )/ 《春蚕》《家》《李有才板话》⏹许渊冲/ 唐宋诗词,毛泽东诗词⏹翁显良/古诗⏹张培基/ 近现代散文英汉对比研究之一中英思维方式的对比different thinking manner中英思维方式的对比中国人注重伦理(ethics),英美人注重认知(cognition)中国人:儒家学说,关心+人道,而非天道,人生之理,而非自然之性。

⏹英美人自然环境不同,探求天文地理,重自然中国人的伦理思想⏹词汇:⏹顺其自然Let nature takes its course in accordance with its natural tendency⏹听其自然Leave the matter as it is/take the world as it is⏹听天安命accept the situation⏹听天由命be at the mercy of nature/ be left to God‟s mercy/let fate have its way重宗族关系,重辈分尊卑重长幼、大小⏹年月日⏹地名重“群己合一”,突出“群体”⏹“个人主义” / individualismIndividualism: feeling or behavior of a person who likes to do things his/her own way, regardless of what other people do.中国人重整体(integrity)、偏重综合性思维(synthetic),英美人重个体(individuality)、偏重分析性思维(analytic)⏹中国人的整体性思维:男女关系,天地交合,日月交替-天人合一,万物一体中国人重直觉(intuition)英美人重实证(evidence)⏹中国人强调感性认识、灵感和顿悟1 词汇:恍然大悟,豁然贯通,了然于心,悟性好,言外之意2中国人:评价事物重感受和体会,较少理论英美人:重实证,重数据汉语的长句和英语的长句⏹它收敛了它的花纹、图案,隐藏了他的粉墨、色彩,逸出了繁华的花丛、停止了它翱翔的姿态,变成了一张憔悴的、干枯了的,甚至不是枯黄的,而是枯槁的,如同死灰颜色的枯叶。