《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit 6

Unit 1Task 1【答案】A.1) She wanted to see St. Paul’s Cathedral.2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike.3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers.4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked as if they were wearing a uniform.5) No, he didn’t.6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world” to prove his opinion.B.If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be!【原文】Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City ofLondon. She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral. She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home she asked Mr clark about these strange creatures. "They must be typical English gentlemen," she said." I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they are wearing a uniform. Does the typical English gentleman still exist?" Mr. Clark laughed. "I've never thought about it," he answered." It's true that many of the men who work in the City of London still wear bowler hate and I suppose they are typical Englishmen. But look at this." Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed at a photo of a young man. "He's just as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no such thing as a 'typical' Englishman. Do you know the English saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world'? That's true of all countries-including England."“Oh, just like the poem ‘If All the SeasWere One Sea’,”Gretel began to hum happily. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the trees were one tree, what a great tree that would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash that would be!”Task 2【答案】A.1) people were much busier2) colder than England; minus thirty degrees; last longer3) much more mountainous; much higher and much more rocky; more beautiful4) tend to be more crowded5) the houses; smallerB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F【原文】John is British but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from Osaka, but she is studying in Britain. In the following passage you are goingto hear, they are comparing life as they see it in the two countries. But before listening to it, think of the two countries and try to answer the following pre-listening questions.John: I found that living in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work the whole day. Etsuko: Yes, that’s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know, summer in Japan is just horrible. It’s very, very humid and hot, and you need to shower three times a day.John: So you find it cooler in England? Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Where I was living in Japan, in the North, it was much colder than England, especially in winter, minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in England?Etsuko: No, I don’t think so. December, January, February, March.John: Yes. It’s a little bit shorter if anything.Etsuko: Ever since I came here, I noticed that the countryside here in England is very beautiful. John: It’s much flatter than in Japan. Etsuko: Yes. Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots of people in a limited flat area.John: Yes, I found Japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. The mountains are much higher and much more rocky. I found it more beautiful than Britain, I think. Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains.John: And therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded.Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Yes. So because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don’t they? Etsuko: Yes, they are very compact, and we don’t have a lot of space. In big cities we have a lot of taller buildings now.John: Is this a problem because there are more earthquakes in Japan?Etsuko: Yes, that’s right and…Task 3【答案】A.1) In the US, people usually dance just to enjoy themselves; they don’t invite other people to watch them.2)Usually eight people dance together.3)Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side of the square.4) He usually makes it into a song.5) They wear old-fashioned clothes.B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TC.1) eight people form a square; on each side of the square2) what they should do; makes it into a song; sings it3) don’t have much time to think4) old-fashioned clothes【原文】Rosa: Why don’t you have folk dances in the United States? Most countries havespecial dances that the people have donefor many years. The dancers wear clothesfrom the old days. Everyone likes to watchthem dance.Steve: We have folk dances, too. A lot of people belong to folk dancing groups. But whenthey dance, they usually do it just toenjoy themselves. They don’t inviteother people to watch them.Rosa: Is there a folk dancing group here? Steve: I think so. There must be. There’s one in almost every city, and some big citieshave several.Rosa: What are the dances like?Steve: Usually eight people dance together, four men and four women. When they start, theyform a square, with a man and a woman oneach side of the square. That’s whyit’s called square dancing. Thenthere’s a man who tells the dancers whatthey should do. He usually makes it intoa song. He sings it while they dance. Rosa: Oh, that should make the dances easy! Steve: Yes, but they are very fast. They don’t have much time to think. I like to watchthem, though. The dancers wearold-fashioned clothes. That makes thedances pretty to watch.Rosa: I’d like to watch a group dance. Steve: I’ll take you sometime.Task 4【答案】1) It was a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) They burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck.3) The custom said the brides must wear“something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue” to bring good luck.4)Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairyproducts during Lent, so they tried to use up these things before Lent began.5)It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.6)People brought their animals to church. And before the animals went into the church people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons.【原文】1) On the evening of February 3rd, people in Japanese families took one dried bean for each year of their age and threw the beans on the floor, shouting "Good luck in! Evil spirits out!" This was known as "Setsubun", a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) Before the Chinese Lunar New Year in the old days, many Chinese families burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day came, they put ancw picture of the kitchen god on the wall.3) When American women got married, they sometimes followed an old custom in choosingwhat to wear on their wedding day. The custom said the bride must wear "something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue". This was to bring good luck.4) Before Lent (a time on the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti, Italy ate an omelet made with 1,000 eggs. People could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried to use up these things before Lent began.5) When winter ended in Czech, the children madea straw man called "Smrt", which was a figure of death. They burned it or threw it in the river. After they destroyed it, they carried flowers home to show the arrival of spring.6) January 17th was St. Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day when people brought their animals to church. But before the animals went into the church, the people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons. This ceremony was to protect people's animals.Task 5【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) TB.【原文】Man: Well, I think life used to be much more fun than it is now. I mean, look at theVictorians. They had lots of servants todo all the work; they never had to do anycooking or cleaning; they just wore thosebeautiful dresses and went to tea parties. Woman: You must be joking! Their clothes were terribly uncomfortable and their teaparties were very formal and boring. Theyused to wear their hats and long gloveseven when they were eating cakes andbiscuits. And men were not usuallyinvited.Man: Really? Weren't they?Woman: And think of the poor servants. What a terrible life —just cleaning and cookingfor other people all the time!Man: But you hate housework!Woman: Yes, I know, but there are lots of machines now to help you with the housework. Peopledon't need servants.Man: Maybe they don't, but life then was much slower than it is now-people nowadays arealways rushing, and they never have timeto stop and enjoy themselves.Woman: Life then was fine for the rich, but it wasdreadful for the poor. There was much moreillness. They didn't have the money to paydoctors, and they often used to die ofillnesses that don't exist in England now. Man: Maybe. But people used to talk to each other, play the piano or play cardstogether. Nowadays people just sit infront of the television for hours andnever talk to each other.Woman: I agree with you about television; but what about their children? They left theirChildren with the servants all day.Children hardly ever saw their parents!And the clothes they had to wear! Horrible,tight, uncomfortable, grown-up clothes.Children have a much better life now thanthey used to, and schools and educationare much better too.Man: I hate school.Woman: And look at opportunities for women. In those days, women used to stay at home,play the piano, change their clothesseveral times a day and have tea parties.What a life! They didn't have any freedomat all. I'm very happy living now. I canwork, have a career, do what I want to. Man: You mean you can work hard all your life like a Victorian servant.Woman: Life isn't all tea parties, you know.Task 6【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) c 4) aB.1) family unit; process; change; used to be; the extended; the nuclear2) job patterns; progressed; agricultural; industrial; forced; job opportunities; split up 3) traditional; family; expanded; other living arrangementsC.1) mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in thesame house or nearby2)only the parents and the children3)previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family【原文】The American family unit is in the process of change. There used to be mainly two types of families: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family most often included mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as job patterns changed and the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people were forced to move to different parts of the country for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family became more prevalent; this consisted of only the parents and the children. Now besides these two types of traditional groupings, the word "family" is being expanded to include a variety of other livingarrangements.Today's family can be made up of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there is an increase in single parent homes: a father or mother living with one or more children. "Blended families" occur when previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, some couples are deciding not to have any children at all, so there is an increase in childless families. There are also more people who live alone: single, widowed, divorced. Now one in five Americans lives alone.Task 7【答案】A.B.1) c 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) c【原文】In Japan both men and women go to university and both men and women study the arts such as history or English. But very few women studyscience, medicine or engineering. In engineering classes of thirty or forty students, there may be only one or two women. Men and women both go to university in order to get good jobs: men want to work for a big company, be successful, earn a lot of money and support a family; women, on the other hand, want to work for a big company because they have a better chance of meeting a successful man and getting married. This is changing, however, as Japanese women begin to think about their own careers. They have began to take jobs which they like rather than jobs in order to find a husband. Men work for their whole lives and usually stay with the same company. A woman may work up to ten years, but after that she usually gets married. Most women are married by the age of twenty seven, then they stay at home and look after the children. A man does not cook or look after the children. When he comes home, his meal must be ready. The woman may go out in the afternoon, shopping with her friends or having a chat, but she must go back home by four o'clockto prepare the meal. Then she may have to wait a long time for her husband to come home. Often he has to go out for a drink after work: if he doesn't he may not rise very high in the company. After her children grow up, a woman can go back to work, but it is not easy. If her former company takes older women back, she might be lucky. But most women find it difficult to find a job when they are older.Task 8【答案】A.1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) b B.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F【原文】Matthew: Geth, how do people set about getting married in England?Geth: I suppose the most common way is still for people to go home. For example,people who live in London now will go backto their homes in the provinces wherethey'll meet all their relatives andtheir parents, and they'll get married ina church, with the bride wearing white,the traditional white. Then they'll gooff and have a booze-up with theirrelatives and friends and a jolly goodtime will be had by all. Otherwise you canget married in a registry office, whichmeans you turn up with your bride-to-beor bridegroom-to-be with two witnessesonly. The ceremony takes about fiveminutes, I suppose. You sign the form andthat's it.Matthew: There are many today who say that marriage is a complete waste of time.What's your view of marriage in thetwentieth century?Goth: Well, I live in London as you know. I think in London, the tendency is to...for a... boy and girl, man or woman tolive together before marriage and oftento live together without any prospect ofmarriage at all. I think this probablyis... is true of London and the other bigcities than elsewhere, because after allpeople in London are living in a big placewhere home ties are obviously lessrestrictive. They can do more or less asthey please and I think this is thepattern.Matthew: But do you think it helps for people to live together before taking their vows?Geth: I think in a sense the habit of living together before marriage may, in astrange sort of way, make marriagestronger, because after all the peoplewill know each other better when they doget married and it might be suggestedthat divorce would be less likely betweensuch a couple.Matthew: Sue, you've been married for two or three years now. How's it working out?Sue: I think it's a successful marriage.It's... I mean, it's difficult to say why,because we basically suit each other verymuch. We have a good friendship, apartfrom anything else, and, you know, wejust go together very well because werespect each other's freedom andindividuality, but on the other hand wereally need each other, you know, it's... Matthew: What about.., have you thought of having children?Sue: Well, obviously, like most young couples, we have thought about it, but, you know,we both feel rather, sort of, loath tolose our freedom just yet. I think we'llprobably wait another few years. Matthew: Is it easy in England today to people to get divorced, or is that quite difficult?Chris: I think technically it's probably fairly easy, I think, because I'm not English but,I think technically it's fairly easy tobe... to get divorced. But it's not justthe technicality of it which is theproblem. Divorce is... is a social stigmawhich people can probably Cope with tovarying degrees, but it's also a loteasier for the man because the woman,after she is divorced is, in fact, frownedupon by... by a lot of people in society.She is... is... at a... a much moredifficult social position in terms of...of meeting other men, or whatever, simplybecause she is a divorcee.Task 9【原文】Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was inthe room.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable —especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.Unit 2Task 1【答案】1)b 2) a 3) d【原文】Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state havevery different kinds of weather.Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visit Laredo is in winter, when it is pleasantly warm.Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool.If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you m ean？”Task 2【答案】A.1)T 2) F 3) FB.1) d 2) c 3) cC.climate, reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet, clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild 【原文】Our friend, Nick, whose English gets betterand better, declared solemnly the other day that he thought that the British climate was wonderful, but the British weather was terrible. He went on to explain by pointing out that the British climate was a temperate one. This meant, he said, "that you could always be certain that the weather would never be extreme —at any rate not for any length of time — never very hot and never very cold." He quite rightly pointed out that the rainfall in Britain, according to the statistics, was not very heavy. "Why then," he asked, "has the British climate such a bad reputation?" He answered by saying it was because of the extraordinary, unreliable weather. There was no part of the year at which you could be certain that the weather would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold as a mild day in January. Indeed you could feel cold at almost any time of the year. Nick blamed drafty British houses for this, but agreed you could also blame the small amount of sunshine and a great amount of dampness. He advised everystudent coming to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understand the meaning of that splendid word "drizzle".Task 3【答案】I.the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steamsII.A.1. concrete, iron, steel2. take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at nightB. Warmer winters, car engines; electrical applianceⅢ.A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earthB.1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt2. to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land【原文】Cities change the climate around you. In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and streams. In hot weather, the trees and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers also cool the area around them.But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete, iron, andsteel. There are few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets and into the sewers.When the summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in the heat; after the sun sets, the streets and buildings throw off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the countryside cools off, but a city may stay hot all night.Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motor running, winter or summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the engine. The heat comes from the gasoline burned by the engine. This heat warms the air and the ground around the car. Thousands ofrunning cars are almost like thousands of small fires burning.Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity creates a lot of heat. This heat from electricity warms the house and the outside air.The heat given off by cities can affect the climate. Some experts even believe that cities can change the climate of the whole world. They think that air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become cooler.Still other experts think the world will get warmer. If the world did get warmer, great changes would occur. Ice near the North and South poles would melt. This would make the oceans rise. Cities near oceans — like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami —would slowly be flooded. People living in these cities would have to move to higher land.Task 4【答案】A.1)b 2) cB. night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, headC.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one of the spectacular and beautiful weather predictors we have in nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve short-range accuracy of the weather as good as, or better than your local weatherman. In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red” when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb based on this passage is:Red sky at night, sailors delight.Red sky at morning, sailors take warning.OrEvening red and morning gray,Sends the traveler on his way.Evening gray, morning red,Brings the rain down on his head.At dusk, a red sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the sun shining through dust particles being pushed ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry air. A red sky in the morning is due to the sun again shining through dust. In this case however, the dust is being pushed on by an approaching low reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't confuse a red sky in the morning with a red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is a normal color, the day will be fair.Task 5【答案】1)c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c【原文】Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on the riverin a raft during lightning storms. Wealways have a debate at these timeson where we are safest —pulling intoshore or staying on the water. SinceI have heard one is safe in a car whenlightning strikes I wonder if theraft floating on the water isinsulated, and therefore the safestplace to be.Meteorologist A: We spoke with some scientistsabout your question, and they allagreed that under nocircumstances should you remainon the water during a lightningstorm. If your raft is made ofrubber, you might feel thatyou're .well insulated, but don'tkid yourself. Typical lightningflashes travel 10 to 15kilometers and can deliver asmuch as 100,000 amps of current.In comparison, a toaster usesabout 10 amps of current. Iflightning strikes the water nearyou, it will have no troubletraveling through a few extracentimeters of rubber. Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the water anda thunderstorm approaches, get tothe shore and seek shelter on land.Try a building or car. If neitheris available, look for a cave,cliff, wall, or a group of trees.Never take shelter under anisolated tree-it's also a goodtarget for lightning.Task 6【答案】A.1)F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) TB.Incredible, one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured【原文】Every spring and summer many inland areas arehit by tornados. A tornado is a kind of storm. It's a revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves through the sky at very high speeds. A tornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The speed of a tornado is very fast-it is believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per hour.Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditions occur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air above wet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster and faster because of centrifugal force. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly around this eye.As the air begins to rotate faster and faster,the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; that is, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone goes down toward the ground.The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer, as the cloud gets closer to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the funnel ofrotating air becomes very dark because of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets longer, it begins to drag along the ground.When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches the ground for only about one minute, and it usually travels along the ground for only about one kilometer, but during that one minute, buildings are destroyed, trees are lifted up out of the ground, small objects are carried away, and sometimes people are injured or killed.Task 7【答案】A.。

Unit 6Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics---- Stress, Intonation and AccentPeter: You've been to Zanada, haven't you?Peter: Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didn't you ?Peter: Now, let's see ... It's er, it's a mainly agricultural country, isn't it?Peter: Well yes, I know, but there's not much industry once you've left the coast, is there?Peter: I see ... Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldn't it?Peter: Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isn't it?Peter: (laughs) Yeah. That's right. Oh and what about transport? It'd be better to hire a car, wouldn't it?Peter: Really? That's cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn't it? Peter: Yeah, well that's fine, Maggie. Thanks a lot. Bye.Part 2 Listening and Note-takingIdentifying CriminalsCan computers help the police to identify criminals? Experts nowthink computers can make it easier for the police to find people they want to question.At the present, the system most widely used by the British police is called Photofit. Witnesses describe a suspect and then a picture is built up like a jigsaw（锯曲线机）, using five different sets of features. These are: hairs, eyes, nose, mouth and chin. This system can be very useful in finding criminals, but only in one case out of twenty. Quite often, almost half the time, in fact, Photofit pictures are misleading. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, the picture may look nothing at all like the suspect. Secondly, likeness may be so general that it is not at all helpful. And unfortunately, a bad likeness can lead to the arrest of an innocent person.Witness’s attitudes can influence their descriptions. In a recent experiment, a group of people was shown a picture of a man and told that he was a mass murderer. When asked to produce Photofit pictures of this man, they made pictures that showed a murderous-looking individual. But at the same time, a second group was shown the same picture and told that the same man was a lifeboat captain who had received a medal for bravery. When the second group produced Photofit pictures, these showed a man who was handsome and well-groomed.The police have another way of identifying criminals. Policerecords contain tens of thousands of photographs of people convicted of crimes. Witnesses can look through these in the hope of recognising suspects; however, it has been discovered that a witness begins to forget the culprit's (criminal) features after spending a long time looking through these photographs.The computer system called FRAME (Face Retrieval and Matching Equipment) combines the best features of both methods. All the photographs on record are put on the computer file. When a witness describes a suspect, the computer searches the file for photographs that fit the description.. The witness is then presented with a small number of photographs to look through.Of course, this system, as it exists at present, will only help to identify people whose photographs are already on police files. So now, experts have to work on the problem of getting accurate descriptions from witnesses. One thing they have discovered is that witnesses give better descriptions when they are encouraged to recall the scene of the crime. They do not need to go there: just imagining the scene works just as well.Exercise A:1. Computers can make it easier for the police to find people theywant to question.2. A bad likeness can lead to the arrest of an innocent person.3. A witness begins to forget the culprit's features after spending a long time looking through these photographs.4. Experts have to work on the problem of getting accurate descriptions from witnesses.5. Witnesses give better descriptions when they are encouraged torecall the scene of the crime.Exercise B:Identifying CriminalsI. The Photofit systemA. Witnesses describe a suspect.B. Then a picture is built up, using five different sets of features.1. Hair.2. Eyes.3. Nose.4. Mouth.5. Chin.C. Advantage1. This system can be very useful in finding criminals.D. Disadvantage1. But only in one case out of twenty the method is accurate.2. Almost half the time Photofit pictures are misleading.3. There are two reasons for misleading.i. Firstly, the picture may look nothing at all like the suspect.ii. Secondly, the likeness may be so general that it is not at all helpful.E. Witnesses' attitudes can influence their descriptions.II. Another way of identifying criminalsA. Police records tens of thousands of photographs of peopleconvicted of crimes.B. Witnesses look through these in the hope of recognisingsuspects.III. FRAME (Face Retrieval and Matching Equipment)A. A computer system combines the best features of bothmethods.B. All the photographs on record are put on the computer file.C. The computer searches the file for photographs that fit thedescription.D. The witness is then presented with a small number ofphotographs to look through.E. Disadvantage1. The system will only help to identify people whosephotographs are already on police files.2. Descriptions from witnesses must be accurate.Section Two Listening ComprehensionDialogue 1 I Don’t Believe It!A: No, I think it’s a load of rubbish myself. I mean, some people believe anything, don’t they? Well, it doesn't make sense, does it?Things flying around in the sky, coming down from another planet and all that? No, I think when the scientists say it's happened and we can explain how it happened -- I mean, when we have some real proof, then I'll believe it.B: There could be some truth in it, but I tend to think it's just a tourist attraction. I can't explain the photographs. And then there are the photographs of "Bigfoot," the erm, er, Abominable Snowman* in the mountains of India. Well, that's the same sort of thing. I suppose it could be true, but it's the same with all these stories, you'd like to see it for yourself before you believe it.C：Oh, yes. They definitely exist. Yes, I believe that some people come back to haunt* us. I mean, we've all had strange feelings about people who are no longer with us, or strange feelings about certain places. I think those feelings are a kind of ghost. We don't always see something, you know, in a long white dress going "whooo-ooo" in the middle of the night, but we can have strong feelings about the past. Some people have very strong feelings so they actually begin to see things, something moving, a shape, alight, I don't know. Scientific facts can't explain everything in this world, you know.ExerciseＡ：１．Probably some photographs of mysterious shapes, footprints or that sort of things.2. The first speaker.Exercise B:1. I only believe things when there is real proof or scientificexplanation.2. People sometimes just duplicate old mysterious stories in a newsetting to attract tourists.3. There do exist ghosts. When people have a very strong feelingabout the past, they begin to see ghosts.Dialogue 2 Unidentified Flying ObjectsInterviewer: Mr Burton, you say that you have seen a UFO. Is that right?Mr Burton: Yes, absolutely right. It happened just over a year ago. Interviewer: And where was this?Mr Burton: Near my home in Aldershot, in the south of England. I live near the big military base in Aldershot. Interviewer: What time of day was it?Mr Burton: It was about one o'clock in the morning. I was out fishing.The weather forecast said it was going to be a warm, clearnight with no clouds, and that's perfect for fishing. Interviewer: And what happened?Mr Burton: Well, I saw a bright light coming towards me at about three hundred feet, and then itstarted to land. It was behind some trees, but I could seeit clearly because there was a full moon. Then I saw twoforms coming towards me, and when they were about fivefeet away, they just stopped and looked at me for a goodten or fifteen seconds.Interviewer: What did they look like?Mr Burton: They were quite small, about four feet tall, dressed in green suits from head to foot, and they had helmets of thesame colour with a red visor*, so I couldn't see their faces.They both carried space guns.Interviewer: Did they speak to you?Mr Burton: Yes. The one on the right said "Come this way, please." Interviewer: Weren't you frightened? ... I mean, weren't you surprised that they spoke English.Mr Burton: They spoke in a funny accent. It sounded more like a machine talking than a person.No, I wasn't frightened. I don't know why. The one whospoke started to walk towards the light, and I followedhim, with the other one behind me. We got to a wall andthe first "form" just walked through it! I couldn't believeit! 1 had to climb over it, and then we got to thespaceship.Interviewer: What did that look like?Mr Burton: It was about forty-five feet across, and silver, very, very shiny, and there were round windows all round the side. Interviewer: Did you go inside?Mr Burton: Yes, I did. There were steps going up, and we went into an octagonal* room. I stood there for about ten minutes.The walls, the floor, and the ceiling were all black, lcouldn't see any controls or instruments, but there was acentral column going up from the floor to the ceiling,about four feel wide, right in the middle of the room. Interviewer: Were there any more of these "forms"?Mr Burton: No, just the two. Suddenly, one of them said "Stand under the red light." I couldn'tsee any red light, but then 1 moved to the right and 1could see it up on the wall, justunder the ceiling. I stood there for about five minutes,and then a voice said "What is your age?" I said"Seventy-four." Then they told me to turn around. Afterabout five more minutes one of them said "You can go.You are too old and ill for our purposes." So I left andwent back, to the river.Interviewer: Did the spaceship take off?Mr Burton: Yes, I heard a very high-pitched noise, like a scream, and the thing took off straight into the sky anddisappeared. I sat by the river and watched it go. Thiswas about two o'clock.Interviewer: Then what did you do'?Mr Burton: Next morning I went to the police, and in the afternoon someone from the Ministry ofDefense came to my house to interview me.He told me to keep quiet about the whole thing, andtell absolutely no one. I thought this was verystrange, but I did as he told me.Interviewer:Why have you decided to tell people about it now?Mr Burton: Because I want people to know what happened to me.I didn't use to believe in UFOs, but now I know theyexist. I think governments are trying to hide something,but people have a right to know.Interviewer：Thank you, Mr Burton, very much. A fascinating story.Passage 1 The Loch Ness MonsterThe Loch Ness is an enormous lake in Northern Scotland. It is about 24 miles long and one mile wide, and has an approximate depth of 1000 feet.One of the strangest and most fascinating things about Scotland* is the Loch* Ness Monster. Some people believe in the monster's existence. Many do not! However, very important bodies of people do believe there is some truth in the famous monster story: experts from Britain's Royal Air Force*, scientists from the Boston Academy of Applied Science* and computer specialists from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S.A.), to mention but a few!Loch Ness is an enormous lake in Northern Scotland. It is about twenty-four miles long and one mile wide, and has an approximate depth of 1,000 feet, which makes it very difficult for anybody to find and examine the highly elusive* monster. In fact the first convincing reports of people seeing the monster date from only about six years before the beginning of the Second World War. Since then here have been other sightings, and photographs of the monster have been taken ! Many of these photographs have later been recognized asfakes（捏造的报道）--silly jokes played on an unsuspecting public! However, other photographs have amazed the most searching scientific minds. In fact, it seems certain that something (and probably several of them) does exist in the deep waters of Loch Ness. The most amazing photographs show a flipper* -- the flipper perhaps of a very large animal (twenty or thirty feet long, it is imagined).From these photos British specialist in animal life, Sir Peter Scott, who is also an artist, has constructed this picture of what he believes the monster might look like.But where did the monster come from? Did it mysteriously climb out of a prehistoric world beneath the earth's crust*? Did it originally swim into the lake from the sea? Before the Ice Age, Loch Ness opened into the sea. Was the young monster's egg frozen into the ice of the Ice Age? And somehow did the monster come alive again when the ice went away? We just do not know! Can we ever find the answers to all the questions surrounding the legend* of the Loch Ness Monster, do you think?Exercise A:Loch Ness is an enormous lake in Northern Scotland. It is about twenty-four miles long and one mile wide, and has an approximate depth of 1,000 feet.Exercise B:l. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D Exercise C:1. One of the strangest and most fascinating things about Scotland is the Loch Ness Monster.2. They are Britain's Royal Air Force, the Boston Academy of Applied Science and NASA.3. Because the most amazing photographs show a flipper -- the flipper perhaps of a very large animal (twenty or thirty feet long, it is imagined).4. Because before the Ice Age, Loch Ness opened into the sea.5. Sir Peter Scott is a British specialist in animal life and also an artist.Passage 2 FossilFossil*, remains or traces of prehistoric plants and animals, buried and preserved in sedimentary* rock, or trapped in organic matter. Fossils representing most living groups have been discovered as well as many fossils representing groups that are now extinct. Fossils range in age from 3.5 billion-year-old traces of microscopic cyanobacteria* (blue-green algae) to lO,O00-year-old remains of animals preserved during the last Ice Age.Fossils are most commonly found in limestone, sandstone, and shale (sedimentary rock). Remains of organisms can also be foundtrapped in natural asphalt, amber, and ice. The hard, indigestible skeletons and shells of animals and the woody material of plants are usually preserved best. Fossils of organisms made of soft tissue that decays readily are more rare. Paleontologists* (scientists who study prehistoric life) use fossils to learn how life has changed and evolved throughout earth's history.Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form. The fossilization of an organism depends on the chemistry of the environment and on the biochemical makeup of the organism. As a result, not all organisms in a community will be preserved.Plants are most commonly fossilized through carbonization. In this process, the mobile oils in the plant's organic matter are leached out* and the remaining matter is reduced to a carbon film. Plants have an inner structure of rigid organic walls that may be preserved in this manner, revealing the framework of the original cells. Animal soft tissue has a less rigid cellular structure and is rarely preserved through carbonization. Although paleontologists have found the carbonized skin of some ichthyosaurs*, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic* Era (240 to 65 million years before present), themicroscopic structure of the skin was not preserved.Different types of fossils are found in different geological formations, depending on the prehistoric environment represented and the age of the rock. Older rocks are found on low, eroded continents near the edges of large oceans. Younger rocks are found more commonly where there is active mountain building and volcanic activity. Old fossils are most commonly found where an old mountain range has eroded, such as in eastern North America and northern Europe, or where two old continents have collided, such as in Russia. Younger fossils are found at the ocean side of young mountains where an ocean plate is colliding with a continental plate, such as in western North and south America and in New Zealand.Exercise A:Plants are most commonly fossilized through carbonization. In this process, the mobile oils in the plant's organic matter are leached out and the remaining matter is reduced to a carbon film.Exercise B:1. A2. B3.C4. B5. D6. A7. C8. DExercise C:1. Fossil, remains or traces of prehistoric plants and animals, buried and preserved in sedimentary rock, or trapped in organic matter.2. Paleontologists use fossils to learn how life has changed andevolved throughout earth's history.3. The remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals or dissolved by an acidic solution.4. Old fossils are most commonly found where an old mountain range had eroded, such as in eastern North America and northern Europe, or where two old continents have collided, such as in Russia.5. Younger fossils are found at the ocean side of young mountains where an ocean plate is colliding with a continental plate, such as in western North and South America and in New Zealand.News Item 1The Philippine government has barred further workers from traveling to Iraq after one of its 5tizens was kidnapped in Baghdad. The group threatened to kill the hostage within 72 hours unless he Philippine government withdraws its troops from Iraq.The Philippine Labor Secretary ordered an immediate halt in the deployment* of any further Filipino workers to Iraq. Some 4,000 Filipino civilians are working in U.S. military bases in Iraq as cooks, mechanics or in other jobs. The government has offered help for any workers who want to come home.EX A: This news item is about the Philippine government’s prohibitionagainst deploying any further workers to Iraq.EX B:The Philippine government has barre d further workers from traveling to Iraq after one of its citizens was kidnapped in Baghdad. The group threatened to kill the hostage within 72 hours unless the Philippine government withdraws its troops from Iraq. The Philippine Labor Secretary ordered an immediate halt in the deployment of any further Filipino workers to Iraq. Some 4,000 Filipino civilians are working in U.S. military bases in Iraq as cooks, mechanics or in other jobs. The government has offered help for any workers who want to come home.│News Item 2A new round of six-nation talks on North Korea's nuclear program will be held next week in Beijing.The talks involving China, Russia, Japan, the United States, and North and South Korea have been scheduled for June 23-26. Working group talks set for June 21-22 will lay the groundwork for discussions later in the week.Beijing has already hosted two rounds of the so-called six-party talks, but both have made little headway into resolving the standoff*. China hopes all sides will deepen their discussions based onpeacefully through dialogue and reaching the final goal of a nuclear freed Korean Peninsula.The United States and its key Asian allies, South Korea and Japan, have been pushing Pyongyang to abandon its nuclear program since the extent of the program became known in December 2002. Exercise A: This news item is about a new round of six-nation talks on North Korea's nuclear programExercise B:1. What kind of talks will be held next week in Beijing?A new round of six-nation talks on North Korea's nuclear program will be held next week in Beijing.2. When have the talks been held?They have been scheduled for June 23-26.3. Which countries are involved?The talks involve China, Russia, Japan, the United States and North and South Korea.4. Has much headway been made into resolving the standoff after two rounds of six-party talks?No. little headway has been made into resolving the standoff.5. What does China hope?China hopes all sides will deepen their discussions based onpeacefully through dialogue and reaching the final goal of nuclear freed Korean Peninsula.News Item 3The Bush administration has claimed victory in a dispute with China over semiconductors. The settlement brought a swift close to the World Trade Organization complaint filed March 18 against China, the first such suit against Beijing since it joined the WTO in 2001.The pact* will help U.S. companies expand what was a $2 billion semiconductor market opportunity last year. A 17-percent value-added tax on U.S. integrated circuits also will be eliminated*.The U.S. semiconductor industry, with about 255,000 domestically based workers, applauded the deal.In April, China and the United States sorted out another semiconductor-related trade dispute that related to a proprietary security technology that China had planned to impose on wireless networking chips.Ex A: This news item is about the semiconductor-related trade dispute between the U.S. and China.Exercise B:1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T。

Unit 1Task 1【答案】A.1) She wanted to see St. Paul’s Cathedral.2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike.3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers.4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked as if they were wearing a uniform.5) No, he didn’t.6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world” to prove his opinion.B.If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be!【原文】Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral. She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home she asked Mr clark about these strange creatures. "They must be typical English gentlemen," she said." I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they are wearing a uniform. Does the typical English gentleman still exist?"Mr. Clark laughed. "I've never thought about it," he answered." It's true that many of the men who work in the City of London still wear bowler hate and I suppose they are typical Englishmen. But look at this." Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed at a photo of a young man. "He's just as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no such thing as a 'typical' Englishman. Do you know the English saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world'? That's true of all countries-including England."“Oh, just like the poem ‘If All the Seas Were One Sea’,” Gretel began to hum happily. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the trees were one tree, what a great tree that would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, w hat a great splash that would be!”Task 2【答案】A.1) people were much busier2) colder than England; minus thirty degrees; last longer3) much more mountainous; much higher and much more rocky; more beautiful4) tend to be more crowded5) the houses; smallerB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F【原文】John is British but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from Osaka, but she is studying in Britain. In the following passage you are going to hear, they are comparing life as they see it inthe two countries. But before listening to it, think of the two countries and try to answer the following pre-listening questions.John: I found that living in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work the whole day. Etsuko: Yes, that’s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know, summer in Japan is just horrible. It’s very, very humid and hot, and you need to shower three times a day.John: So you find it cooler in England?Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Where I was living in Japan, in the North, it was much colder than England, especially in winter, minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in England?Etsuko: No, I don’t think so. December, January, February, March.John: Yes. It’s a little bit shorter if anything.Etsuko: Ever since I came here, I noticed that the countryside here in England is very beautiful. John: It’s much flatter than in Japan.Etsuko: Yes. Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots of people in a limited flat area.John: Yes, I found Japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. The mountains are much higher and much more rocky. I found it more beautiful than Britain, I think. Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains.John: And therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded.Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Yes. So because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don’t they? Etsuko: Yes, they are very compact, and we don’t have a lot of space. In big cities we have a lot of taller buildings now.John: Is this a problem because there are more earthquakes in Japan?Etsuko: Yes, that’s right and…Task 3【答案】A.1) In the US, people usually dance just to enjoy themselves; they don’t invite other people to watch them.2)Usually eight people dance together.3)Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side of the square.4) He usually makes it into a song.5) They wear old-fashioned clothes.B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TC.1) eight people form a square; on each side of the square2) what they should do; makes it into a song; sings it3) don’t have much time to think4) old-fashioned clothes【原文】Rosa: Why don’t you have folk dances in the United States? Most countries have special dances that the people have done for many years. The dancers wear clothes from the old days.Everyone likes to watch them dance.Steve: We have folk dances, too. A lot of people belong to folk dancing groups. But when they dance, they usually do it just to enjoy themselves. They don’t invite other people towatch them.Rosa: Is there a folk dancing group here?Steve: I think so. There must be. There’s one in almost every city, and some big cities have several.Rosa: What are the dances like?Steve: Usually eight people dance together, four men and four women. When they start, they forma square, with a man and a woman on each side of the square. That’s why it’s ca lledsquare dancing. Then there’s a man who tells the dancers what they should do. Heusually makes it into a song. He sings it while they dance.Rosa: Oh, that should make the dances easy!Steve: Yes, but they are very fast. They don’t have much time to think. I like to watch them, though. The dancers wear old-fashioned clothes. That makes the dances pretty to watch. Rosa: I’d like to watch a group dance.Steve: I’ll take you sometime.Task 4【答案】1) It was a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) They burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck.3) The custom said the brides must wear “something old, something new, something borrowed,and something blue” to bring good luck.4)Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried to use upthese things before Lent began.5)It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.6)People brought their animals to church. And before the animals went into the church peopledressed them up in flowers and ribbons.【原文】1) On the evening of February 3rd, people in Japanese families took one dried bean for each year of their age and threw the beans on the floor, shouting "Good luck in! Evil spirits out!" This was known as "Setsubun", a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) Before the Chinese Lunar New Year in the old days, many Chinese families burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day came, they put ancw picture of the kitchen god on the wall.3) When American women got married, they sometimes followed an old custom in choosing what to wear on their wedding day. The custom said the bride must wear "something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue". This was to bring good luck.4) Before Lent (a time on the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti, Italy ate an omelet made with 1,000 eggs. People could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried touse up these things before Lent began.5) When winter ended in Czech, the children made a straw man called "Smrt", which was a figure of death. They burned it or threw it in the river. After they destroyed it, they carried flowers home to show the arrival of spring.6) January 17th was St. Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day when people brought their animals to church. But before the animals went into the church, the people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons. This ceremony was to protect people's animals.Task 5【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) TB.Advantages DisadvantagesLots of servants to do the work Terrible life for servantsbeautiful clothes to wear very uncomfortable clotheslots of tea parties boring and formal tea parties — often no menbeing invitedlife being slower much more illnessplenty of time to talk to each other children left with servants all dayvery poor educationno freedom for women【原文】Man: Well, I think life used to be much more fun than it is now. I mean, look at the Victorians.They had lots of servants to do all the work; they never had to do any cooking or cleaning;they just wore those beautiful dresses and went to tea parties.Woman: You must be joking! Their clothes were terribly uncomfortable and their tea parties were very formal and boring. They used to wear their hats and long gloves even when they were eating cakes and biscuits. And men were not usually invited.Man: Really? Weren't they?Woman: And think of the poor servants. What a terrible life — just cleaning and cooking for other people all the time!Man: But you hate housework!Woman: Yes, I know, but there are lots of machines now to help you with the housework. People don't need servants.Man: Maybe they don't, but life then was much slower than it is now-people nowadays are always rushing, and they never have time to stop and enjoy themselves.Woman: Life then was fine for the rich, but it was dreadful for the poor. There was much more illness. They didn't have the money to pay doctors, and they often used to die of illnesses that don't exist in England now.Man: Maybe. But people used to talk to each other, play the piano or play cards together.Nowadays people just sit in front of the television for hours and never talk to each other. Woman: I agree with you about television; but what about their children? They left their Children with the servants all day. Children hardly ever saw their parents! And the clothes they hadto wear! Horrible, tight, uncomfortable, grown-up clothes. Children have a much better life now than they used to, and schools and education are much better too.Man: I hate school.Woman: And look at opportunities for women. In those days, women used to stay at home, play the piano, change their clothes several times a day and have tea parties. What a life! They didn't have any freedom at all. I'm very happy living now. I can work, have a career, do what I want to.Man: You mean you can work hard all your life like a Victorian servant.Woman: Life isn't all tea parties, you know.Task 6【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) c 4) aB.1) family unit; process; change; used to be; the extended; the nuclear2) job patterns; progressed; agricultural; industrial; forced; job opportunities; split up3) traditional; family; expanded; other living arrangementsC.1) mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby2)only the parents and the children3)previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from formermarriages into a new family【原文】The American family unit is in the process of change. There used to be mainly two types of families: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family most often included mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as job patterns changed and the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people were forced to move to different parts of the country for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family became more prevalent; this consisted of only the parents and the children. Now besides these two types of traditional groupings, the word "family" is being expanded to include a variety of other living arrangements.Today's family can be made up of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there is an increase in single parent homes: a father or mother living with one or more children. "Blended families" occur when previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, some couples are deciding not to have any children at all, so there is an increase in childless families. There are also more people who live alone: single, widowed, divorced. Now one in five Americans lives alone.Task 7【答案】A.Men Women Both Study subjects like history or English √Study engineering √Go to university to get good jobs √Look for a good job because they want a good husband √Look for a good job because they want to be successful √Work for a lifetime √Work up to ten years √Get married by twenty-seven √Cook the meals √Look after the children √Go out for a drink after work √Come home by four o'clock in the afternoon √B.1) c 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) c【原文】In Japan both men and women go to university and both men and women study the arts such as history or English. But very few women study science, medicine or engineering. In engineering classes of thirty or forty students, there may be only one or two women. Men and women both go to university in order to get good jobs: men want to work for a big company, be successful, earn a lot of money and support a family; women, on the other hand, want to work for a big company because they have a better chance of meeting a successful man and getting married. This is changing, however, as Japanese women begin to think about their own careers. They have began to take jobs which they like rather than jobs in order to find a husband.Men work for their whole lives and usually stay with the same company. A woman may work up to ten years, but after that she usually gets married. Most women are married by the age of twenty seven, then they stay at home and look after the children. A man does not cook or look after the children. When he comes home, his meal must be ready. The woman may go out in the afternoon, shopping with her friends or having a chat, but she must go back home by four o'clock to prepare the meal. Then she may have to wait a long time for her husband to come home. Often he has to go out for a drink after work: if he doesn't he may not rise very high in the company. After her children grow up, a woman can go back to work, but it is not easy. If her former company takes older women back, she might be lucky. But most women find it difficult to find a job when they are older.Task 8【答案】A.1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) bB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F【原文】Matthew: Geth, how do people set about getting married in England?Geth: I suppose the most common way is still for people to go home. For example, people who live in London now will go back to their homes in the provinces where they'll meet alltheir relatives and their parents, and they'll get married in a church, with the bridewearing white, the traditional white. Then they'll go off and have a booze-up with theirrelatives and friends and a jolly good time will be had by all. Otherwise you can getmarried in a registry office, which means you turn up with your bride-to-be orbridegroom-to-be with two witnesses only. The ceremony takes about five minutes, Isuppose. You sign the form and that's it.Matthew: There are many today who say that marriage is a complete waste of time. What's your view of marriage in the twentieth century?Goth: Well, I live in London as you know. I think in London, the tendency is to... for a... boy and girl, man or woman to live together before marriage and often to live togetherwithout any prospect of marriage at all. I think this probably is... is true of London andthe other big cities than elsewhere, because after all people in London are living in a bigplace where home ties are obviously less restrictive. They can do more or less as theyplease and I think this is the pattern.Matthew: But do you think it helps for people to live together before taking their vows?Geth: I think in a sense the habit of living together before marriage may, in a strange sort of way, make marriage stronger, because after all the people will know each other betterwhen they do get married and it might be suggested that divorce would be less likelybetween such a couple.Matthew: Sue, you've been married for two or three years now. How's it working out?Sue: I think it's a successful marriage. It's... I mean, it's difficult to say why, because we basically suit each other very much. We have a good friendship, apart from anythingelse, and, you know, we just go together very well because we respect each other'sfreedom and individuality, but on the other hand we really need each other, you know,it's...Matthew: What about.., have you thought of having children?Sue: Well, obviously, like most young couples, we have thought about it, but, you know, we both feel rather, sort of, loath to lose our freedom just yet. I think we'll probably waitanother few years.Matthew: Is it easy in England today to people to get divorced, or is that quite difficult?Chris: I think technically it's probably fairly easy, I think, because I'm not English but, I think technically it's fairly easy to be... to get divorced. But it's not just the technicality of it which is the problem. Divorce is... is a social stigma which people can probably Cope with to varying degrees, but it's also a lot easier for the man because the woman, after she is divorced is, in fact, frowned upon by... by a lot of people in society. She is... is... at a...a much more difficult social position in terms of... of meeting other men, or whatever,simply because she is a divorcee.Task 9【原文】Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable — especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.Unit 2Task 1【答案】1) b 2) a 3) d【原文】Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state have very different kinds of weather.Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visit Laredo is in winter, when it is pleasantly warm.Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool.If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you mean？”Task 2【答案】A.1)T 2) F 3) FB.1) d 2) c 3) cC.climate, reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet, clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild【原文】Our friend, Nick, whose English gets better and better, declared solemnly the other day that he thought that the British climate was wonderful, but the British weather was terrible. He went on to explain by pointing out that the British climate was a temperate one. This meant, he said, "that you could always be certain that the weather would never be extreme — at any rate not for any length of time — never very hot and never very cold." He quite rightly pointed out that the rainfallin Britain, according to the statistics, was not very heavy. "Why then," he asked, "has the British climate such a bad reputation?" He answered by saying it was because of the extraordinary, unreliable weather. There was no part of the year at which you could be certain that the weather would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold as a mild day in January. Indeed you could feel cold at almost any time of the year. Nick blamed drafty British houses for this, but agreed you could also blame the small amount of sunshine and a great amount of dampness. He advised every student coming to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understand the meaning of that splendid word "drizzle".Task 3【答案】I.the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steamsII.A.1. concrete, iron, steel2. take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at nightB. Warmer winters, car engines; electrical applianceⅢ.A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earthB.1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt2. to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land【原文】Cities change the climate around you. In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and streams. In hot weather, the trees and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers also cool the area around them.But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete, iron, and steel. There are few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets and into the sewers.When the summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in the heat; after the sun sets, the streets and buildings throw off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the countryside cools off, but a city may stay hot all night.Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motor running, winter or summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the engine. The heat comes from the gasoline burned by the engine. This heat warms the air and the ground around the car. Thousands of running cars are almost like thousands of small fires burning.Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity creates a lot of heat. This heat from electricity warms the house and the outside air.The heat given off by cities can affect the climate. Some experts even believe that cities can change the climate of the whole world. They think that air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become cooler.Still other experts think the world will get warmer. If the world did get warmer, great changes would occur. Ice near the North and South poles would melt. This would make the oceans rise. Cities near oceans — like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami — would slowly be flooded. Peopleliving in these cities would have to move to higher land.Task 4【答案】A.1) b 2) cB. night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, headC.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one of the spectacular and beautiful weather predictors we have in nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve short-range accuracy of the weather as good as, or better than your local weatherman. In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red” when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb based on this passage is:Red sky at night, sailors delight.Red sky at morning, sailors take warning.OrEvening red and morning gray,Sends the traveler on his way.Evening gray, morning red,Brings the rain down on his head.At dusk, a red sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the sun shining through dust particles being pushed ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry air. A red sky in the morning is due to the sun again shining through dust. In this case however, the dust is being pushed on by an approaching low reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't confuse a red sky in the morning with a red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is a normal color, the day will be fair.Task 5【答案】1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c【原文】Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on the river in a raft during lightning storms. We always have a debate at these times on where weare safest — pulling into shore or staying on the water. Since I have heard oneis safe in a car when lightning strikes I wonder if the raft floating on the wateris insulated, and therefore the safest place to be.Meteorologist A: We spoke with some scientists about your question, and they all agreed that under no circumstances should you remain on the water during a lightningstorm. If your raft is made of rubber, you might feel that you're .well insulated,but don't kid yourself. Typical lightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers andcan deliver as much as 100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster usesabout 10 amps of current. If lightning strikes the water near you, it will have notrouble traveling through a few extra centimeters of rubber.Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to the shore and seek shelter on land. Try a building or car. If neither is available, look for a cave,cliff, wall, or a group of trees. Never take shelter under an isolated tree-it's also agood target for lightning.Task 6【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) TB.Incredible, one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured【原文】Every spring and summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A tornado is a kind of storm. It's a revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves through the sky at very high speeds. A tornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The speed of a tornado is very fast-it is believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per hour.Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditions occur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air above wet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster and faster because of centrifugal for ce. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly around this eye.As the air begins to rotate faster and faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; that is, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone goes down toward the ground.The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer, as the cloud gets closer to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the funnel of rotating air becomes very dark because of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets longer, it begins to drag along the ground.When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches the ground for only about one minute, and it usually travels along the ground for only about one kilometer, but during that one minute, buildings are destroyed, trees are lifted up out of the ground, small objects are carried away, and sometimes people are injured or killed.Task 7【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) bB.1) It has been nice weather during the day, but it is going to change at night.2) Fine weather in southern Europe and not so nice in northern EuropeFor todaySoutheast England---26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoonSouthern Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21 degreesBrighton---15 hours of lovely sunshine。

I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.Unit 6Task 1【答案】A.[d]—[b]—[a]—[e]—[c]B.a【原文】Laura usually leaves the offices of Quest Productions at about 5 o'clock, but last Monday she leftat 5:30. She wanted to get home by 6:30 and she ran to the bus stop but she couldn't get on a bus. There were too many people and not enough buses. Laura was desperate to get home so she decided to go by tube.In the station she went to one of the automatic ticket machines but she didn't have enough change, so she had to join the queue at the ticket window. She bought her ticket and ran to the escalator. Laura went to the platform and waited for the tube. It arrived and the crowd moved forward.Laura was pushed into the train. It was almost full but she was given a seat by a man with a moustache. Laura thanked him and sat down. She started to read her newspaper. In the tunnel the train stopped suddenly and Laura was thrown to the floor together with the man with the moustache. Somebody screamed. The lights went out. It was quarter past 6 on a cold, wet December evening.Task 2【答案】A.1) a 2) b 3) d 4) cB.1) T 2) T 3) FC.wondered; television plays; exciting; every cigarette lighter; tape recorder; held in a certain way;the touch of a gold ring against the hand of; reveal; How wrong they were【原文】X was a secret agent. He had rented a furnished room in a provincial town not far from the public park and had been there two weeks. He was standing at the window looking out at the dull beds of geraniums, the park gates and the cold, uninviting statue of Queen Victoria that stood across the street from him, It was raining hard and the few people who passed by looked wet and miserable. X was miserable, too. How, he wondered, could anybody think there was anything interesting about the life of a secret agent? He knew it was because people had seen so many television plays about glamorous spies that they thought the life of a secret agent was exciting.They were convinced that every cigarette lighter concealed a secret tape recorder; that a fountain pen held in a certain way would open a locked door, that the touch of a gold ring against the handof an enemy would make him reveal all his secrets. How wrong they were! He looked round his room. The wallpaper was in the worst possible taste, the pictures horrible, the carpet worn, dirtyand faded; and he was cold. This was the third Monday he had come to the window to look out.He prayed it would be the last.As if in answer to his prayer, a certain meeting he had been sent to investigate was about to take place. He took out his camera. Just beneath the statue two women had stopped to speak. He knew one of them, and it was she who pointed in his direction. The other woman looked up towards him and in that brief moment he photographed her.Task 3【答案】A.Names Ideal CareersHarry SailorNora Farmer(if she were a man)Robert Civil engineerPeter Racing driver or explorerB.1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) d【原文】Harry: Well, Robert, have you made up your mind yet what you want to do when you leave college?Nora: Oh Harry. Surely he's a bit young to decide on his career. He hasn't even got to college yet. Harry: Not at all, Nora. It's wisest to decide in good time. Look at me, for example. I really wanted to be a sailor, but now I spend my days sitting at a desk in an office. Yes, it's sillyto train for the wrong job. And after all, Robert will be going to college soon.Nora: Now if I were a man I'd be a farmer. To see the crops growing--that's my idea of a good life.Harry: Yes, and to see the money rolling in is more important still.Robert: Well, that's not the way I look at it, Dad. It's the job I care about, not the money.Harry: Maybe not; but you'll learn to care about the money too, when you've got a family to keep.Nora: And of course Peter — well, he's keen to be a racing driver, or else an explorer.Robert: Oh, Peter's not old enough to make up his mind about such things.Harry: You haven't answered my question yet, Robert. What would you like to do?Nora: Are you sure you don't want to be a farmer, Robert? Or a market gardener?Robert: No, I'm sorry Mum, but I don't want to at all. I'd rather be a civil engineer. I want to build roads and bridges.Harry: Not ships? Isn't it better to be a shipbuilding engineer?Robert: Look here, is it my career we're planning, or yours?Harry: All fight, all right, there's no need to lose your temper. But you'd better win that scholarship first.Task 4【答案】I. correspondents; columnistA. may not need eitherB. to go to places where events take place and write stories about themII. first; bigger; better; who will soon leave to work for other peopleIII. working hours; free time; work long hours to begin with【原文】Here are some of the things a young man or woman should not do when he first asks an editor for a job:He should not tell the editor that he wants to be a foreign correspondent or a columnist.Very probably the editor does not need either. He wants a reporter who will go to such places as government offices and police stations and write a true story of what is happening there. Being a foreign correspondent or a columnist will come later.A young person should not tell tile editor that newspaper work is only the first step on the way to bigger and better jobs, such as those in government. The editor must take a lot of time and trouble teaching someone to be a good newspaperman or woman. He does not like the idea of teaching people who are soon going to leave him to work for someone else.A young journalist should accept the working hours and free time the editor gives him. Asa new journalist, it is very probable that he will work longer hours than others and work on weekends. The editor did the same when he was a young newspaperman with no experience. He expects a journalist to understand how things are on a newspaper.Task 5【答案】A.1) acd 2) abeB.1) she is the wrong sex 2) she wears the wrong clothes【原文】SYLVIA: We've got a new manager in our department.LARRY: Oh? You hoped to get that job, didn't you?SYLVIA: Yes, I did.LARRY: I'm sorry. That's too bad. Who is it? Who got the job, I mean?SYLVIA: Someone called Drexler. Carl Drexler. He's been with the company only two years.I've been here longer. And I know more about the job, too!LARRY: Hmm. Why do you think they gave it to him and not to you?SYLVIA: Because I'm the wrong sex, of course !LARRY: You mean you didn't get the job because you're a woman?SYLVIA: Yes, that was probably it! It isn't fair.LARRY: What sort of clothes does he wear?SYLVTA: A dark suit. White shirt. A tie. Why?LARRY: Perhaps that had something to do with it.SYLVIA: You mean you think I didn't get the job because I come to work in jeans and a sweater?LARRY: It's possible, isn't it?SYLVIA: Do you really think I should wear different clothes?LARRY: Well. . . perhaps you should think about it.SYLVTA: Why should I wear a skirt? Or a dress?LARRY: I'm not saying you should. I'm saying you should think about it. That's all!SYLVIA: Why should I do that? I'm good at my job! That's the only important thing!LARRY: Hmm. Perhaps it should be the only important thing. But it isn't. Not inthis company.Task 6【答案】A.Former Jobs When Laid-off Why Laid-off1st man Car salesman Recently Low sales, due to theincrease of interestrates2nd man Worker at a vacuumcleaner plant 10 months ago Plant moved toSingapore whereworkers are paidmuch lessB.1st speaker(bcd) 2nd speaker(ae)C.1) F 2) F【原文】Al: Is this the right line to file a claim?Bob: Yeah. It's the same line for everything. You just stand here and wait.Al: Oh. Is there always such a long line?Bob: Every week. Sometimes longer. Is this your first time here?Al: Yes.Bob: What happened? Your plant closed down?Al: No. I'm a car salesman, or, I was a car salesman. But we just aren't selling cars. It's the interest rates. Two years ago, I averaged ten new cars a month. Do you know how many carsI sold last month? One. One car to a lady who had the cash. But the interest rates are up again.The boss let three of us go. How about you?Bob: I worked at a vacuum cleaner plant with about fifty workers. We put in a good day's work.But the machinery was getting old. As a matter of fact, the whole plant was old. So the management decided to build a new plant. You know where? In Singapore. The workers here made about seven dollars an hour, a couple of people made eight or nine an hour. You know how much they're paying the workers in Singapore? $2.50 an hour! Anyway, all fifty of usgot laid off.Al: How long ago was that?Bob: They closed down ten months ago.Al: Any luck finding another job?Bob: Nothing. I have one, sometimes two, interviews a week. Last week I thought I had something.They liked my experience with machines. But I never heard from them again.Al: At least you know something about machines. All I can do is talk.Bob: Maybe you'll talk yourself into another job. Good luck. I'll see you here next week.Al: I hope not. I hope I'll have something by then.Task 7【答案】A.1) F 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) FB.1) According to the first speaker, it is frustrating because the teacher cannot see clearly the resultsof his efforts.2) According to the second speaker, English language teaching is a good job, because it guaranteesa stable income and regular working hours and means less pressure. He also likes the way elderly teacher are.【原文】Interviewer: Do you prefer what you're doing to teaching?John Smith: Yes, one of the things I found a bit frustrating about teaching was that it was rather, very intangible than um, especially if you're teaching in England and most of the students knowquite a lot of English before they arrive. They learn a lot of English outside the classroom, in pubsor coffee shops or other places, with the families they're living with. It's very difficult to pin downhow much they learn from your actual lesson, whereas in marketing um, again there are lots of areas that are gray rather than black or white, but there are quite a few other areas where one can see quite clearly the results of one's efforts.Interviewer: What did you do after you quit your job in advertising?Second Man: In fact, I became a journalist and I worked as a freelance. I didn't have a full-time job with any newspaper. I just had to contribute things as they came along and 1wrote for magazines, and I did quite a lot of broadcasting for the VOA. Well, thiswas in a way the opposite of advertising because I enjoyed it a lot but I found it veryhard to earn enough money to live on.Interviewer: And then you decided to be a teacher?Second Man: Well, and so I thought. Well, I must do something which produces an income that I can be sure of. While I was working as a journalist I had done an article for amagazine about the English language teaching world and m fact I had come to theschool where I now teach as a journalist and interviewed a lot of the people. And Ithought it seemed a very nice place and I thought that the classes I visited had a very,very nice feeling about them, and so I thought, well, I'll see if they'll have me. Interviewer: Why do you prefer teaching to advertising?Second Man: Well, partly because in teaching you work regular hours. It I advertising you just had to stay at the office until the work was finished [I see.] and it could be three o'clockin the morning. [Oh, dean] Also you were very often made to work at weekends.Often some job would come up that was very important and they said it had to befinished — it had to go into the newspapers next week.Interviewer: So there was a lot mom pressure.Second Man: There was a lot more pressure in advertising. Also, the people I worked with when I was first in advertising were young hopeful people like myself. By the end I wasworking with a lot of old people who quite honestly were awful. And I kept lookingat them and saying, "Am I going to be like that?" And I thought if I am I'd better getout, whereas the English language teachers I saw, who were older people I thought,well, they seemed quite nice. And I wouldn't mind being like that myself.Task 8【答案】The interview with Michale:Does he work? No.Why or why not? The work he used to do was not what interestedhim and what he likes to do cannot earn himenough money to support himself.What are the advantages of not having to work? 1) You do not have to get up it you don’t feellike it.2) You can spend your time on the things youwant to do.Why does he feel justified in not working? He believes he does things which are enjoyablefor him and useful to people and thecommunity.The interview with Chris:What is the value of work in the current society? Very little value other than supporting oneself and ones family.What are the two main aspects of work? 1) It is a bread-winning process.2) The activities in it can be valuable to society.What does he think of the work of a car factory worker? He thinks it harmful to both the environment and the society, for cars add to pollution and consume the scarce resources.What does he think of the work of a doctor? He thinks it a valuable job in any society.What kind of job does he do? He is perhaps a university teacher.What does he think of his work?He regarded his job a “white collar” job, whichhe does with his mind and receives mentalsatisfaction from it.【原文】Matthew: Michael, do you go out to work?Michael: Not regularly, no. I... I used to; I used to have a job in a publishing company, but I decided it wasn't really what I wanted to do and that what I wanted to do wouldn't earn memuch money, so I gave up working and luckily I had a private income from my family tosupport me and now I do the things I want to do. Some of them get paid like lecturing andteaching, and others don't.Matthew: What are the advantages of not having to go to work from nine till five?Michael: Ah... there' re two advantages really. One is that if you feel tired you don't have to getup, and the other is that you can spend your time doing things you want to do rather thanbeing forced to do the same thing all the time.Matthew: But surely that's in a sense very self-indulgent and very lucky because most of us have to go out and earn our livings. Do you feel justified in having this privileged position?Michael: Yes, because I think I use it well. I do things which I think are useful to people and the community and which I enjoy doing.Matthew: Chris, what do you think the value of work is?Chris: Well, I think in our present-day society, for most people, work has very little value at all.Most of us go out to work for about eight to nine hours of our working day. We do thingswhich are either totally futile and totally useless or have very little justification whatsoever,and for most of us the only reason for working is that we need to keep ourselves alive, topay for somewhere to live, to pay to feed our children.Matthew: But surely people wouldn't know what to do if they didn't have to go to work?Chris: Well, again this raises the sort of two main aspects of work. Should we think of 'work only as a sort of bread-winning process, and this is very much the role it has in currentsociety, or should we take a much wider perspective on work and think of all the possiblesort of activities that human beings could be doing during the day? I think the sort of distinction currently is between say, someone who works in a car factory and who produces cars which are just adding to pollution, to over-consumption of vital resources,who is doing something which is very harmful, both to our environment and to, probablysociety, to contrast his work with someone perhaps like a doctor, who I think in any societycould be justified as doing a very valuable job and one which incidentally is satisfying tothe person who is doing it.Matthew: What do you do? Is your job just a breadwinning process or do you get some satisfaction out of doing it?Chris: Well, in the job I do find that most of the satisfaction is a mental one; it's coming to grips with the problems of my subject and with the problems of teaching in the University.Clearly this is the type of satisfaction that most people doing what we call in England "white-collar" jobs. This is quite different from the sort of craftsman, who is either working that his hands or with his skills on a machine, or from people perhaps who areusing artistic skills, which are of a quite different character. Certainly it's becoming a phenomena that people who do "white-collar jobs during the day, who work with their minds to some extent, people who work on computers, people who are office clerks, bankemployees, these people have fairly soul-destroying jobs which nevertheless don't involvemuch physical effort, that they tend to come home and do "do-it-yourself" activities at home. They make cupboard, paint their houses, repair their cars, which somehow providethe sort of physical job satisfaction that they're denied in their working day.Task 9【答案】A.Interviewees Like their jobs(percent)Dislike their jobs(percent)Like jobs in part(percent)Men91 5 4Women84124Men/Women 18-2470 20 6Men/Women 25-2988 9 3Men/Women 30-3992 8 0White-collar workers87 8 4Blue-collar workers91 5 3B.1) No major change. For som e→“less paperwork”Some:→less working hoursOthers:→earn more money.2) Most adults→would go on working.Esp. young adults (18 to 24)→9 out of 10 would go on working【原文】Are most workers today feeling bored and dissatisfied with their jobs? It is often claimedthat they are. Yet a study conducted by Parade magazine more than 20 years ago showed that people at that time felt the opposite.Parade asked questions of a representative sampling of adult Americans from coast to coast. The sampling included different sexes, age groups, and occupations.The interviewees were asked to make a choice from one of the following three to describe their feelings towards their work.A. Like their jobs.B. Dislike their jobs.C. Like their jobs in part,Results showed that 91 percent of the male interviewees and 84 percent of the females chose A, while only 5 percent men and 12 percent women interviewed chose B. The rest said that they liked their jobs in part and they comprised a very tow percentage.In all the three age groups — from 18 to 24, from 25 to 29 and 30 to 39 — those who liked theirjobs made up the majority. 70 percent, 88 percent and 92 percent respectively choose A. Those choosing B accounted for 20 percent, 9 percent and 8 percent of different age groups. And the rest, 6 percent, 3 percent and 0 percent respectively claimed that they only liked their jobs in part.The difference in responses among people with different occupations is small. Among the white-collar employees, those choosing A, B and C are 87 percent, 8 percent and 4 percent of the total. And for the blue-collar employees, 91 percent, 5 percent and 3 percent choose A, B and C respectively.It is interesting to note that there are few differences in attitude between men and women, professionals and factory workers. In each group, the largest number reported that they liked their jobs.Next, Parade asked, "If there were one thing you could change about your job, what wouldit be?" It was expected that many would wish to make their jobs less boring, but very few gavethis reply. No major changes were reported. Some wished for "less paperwork"; many would shorten their working hours, but others would like more hours in order to earn more money. No serious complaints were made.Most people have to work in order to live. But what would happen if someone had enough money to stop working? Parade asked, "If you inherited a million dollars, would you go on working — either at your present job or something you liked better--or would you quit work?" The answers showed that most adults would prefer to work, even if they didn't have to. This is true especially of the younger adults aged 18-24. Of these, nine out often said they would go on working, even if they suddenly became millionaires.Task 10【答案】A.According to Mother Accordingto CathyIntelligence very bright reasonably intelligentInterests music and dancing tennis and swimming, talking topeopleCareer inclination teacher or vet hairdresserB.1) F 2) TC.1) b 2) aD.1. She really enjoyed meeting new people.2. She had good qualifications in English and Maths.3. She did not mind hard work, even if it was not always pleasant.4. She liked living away form home.【原文】Officer: Come in, please take a seat. I'm the careers officer. You're Cathy, aren't you?Mother: That's right. This is Catherine Hunt, and I'm her mother.Officer: How do you do, Mrs. Hunt? Hello, Catherine.Cathy: Hello. Pleased to meet you.Officer: And you'd like some advice about choosing a career?-Mother: Yes, she would. Wouldn't you, Catherine?Cathy: Yes, please.Officer: Well, just let me ask a few questions to begin with. How old are you, Catherine?Mother: She's nineteen. Well, she's almost nineteen.Officer: And what qualifications have you got?Mother: Well, qualifications from school, of course. Very good results she got. And she got certificates for ballet and for playing the piano.Officer: Is that what you're interested in, Catherine, dancing and music?Cathy: Well...Mother: Ever since she was a little girl, she's been very keen on music and dancing. She ought to be a music teacher or something. She's quite willing to train for a few more years to getthe right job, aren't you, Catherine?Cathy: Well, if it's a good idea.Mother: There you are, you see. She's a good girl really, a bit lazy and disorganized sometimes,but she's very bright. I'm sure the careers officer will have lots of jobs for you.Officer: Well, I'm afraid it's not as easy as that. There are many young people these days who can't find the job they want.Mother: I told you, Catherine. I told you, you shouldn't wear that dress. You have to look smart to get a job these days.Officer: I think she looks very nice. Mrs. Hunt, will you come into the other office for a moment and look at some of the information we have there. I'm sure you'd like to see how we canhelp young people.Mother: Yes, I'd love to. Mind you, I think Catherine would be a nice teacher. She could work with young children. She'd like that. Or she could be a vet. She's always looking after sick animals.Officer: I'm afraid there's a lot of competition. You need very good results to be a vet. This way, Mrs. Hunt. Just wait a minute, Catherine.(The mother exits.)Officer: There are just one or two more things, Catherine.Cathy: Do call me Cathy.Officer: OK, Cathy. Are you really interested in being a vet?Cathy: Not really. Anyway, I'm not bright enough. I'm reasonably intelligent, but I'm not brilliant.I'm afraid my mother is a bit over-optimistic.Officer: Yes, I guessed that. She's a bit overpowering, isn't she, your mum?Cathy: A bit. But she's very kind.Officer: I'm sure she is. So, you're interested in ballet and music, are you?Cathy: Not really. My mother sent me to lessons when I was six, so I'm quite good, I suppose. ButI don't think I want to do that for the rest of my life, especially music. It's so lonely.Officer: What do you enjoy doing?Cathy: Well, I like playing tennis, and swimming. Oh, I went to France with the school choir last year. I really enjoyed that. And I like talking to people. But I suppose you mean real interests — things that would help me to get a job?Officer: No. I'm more interested in what you really want to do. You like talking to people, do you? Cathy: Oh yes, I really enjoy meeting new people.Officer: Do you think you would enjoy teaching?Cathy: No, no, I don't really. I was never very interested in school work, and I'd like to do something different. Anyway, there's a teacher training college very near us. It would be just like going to school again.Officer: So you don't want to go on training?Cathy: Oh, I wouldn't mind at all, not for something useful. I wondered about being a hairdresser — you meet lots of people, and you learn to do something properly—but I don't know. It doesn't seem very worthwhile.Officer: What about nursing?Cathy: Nursing? In a hospital? Oh, I couldn't do that, I'm not good enough.Officer: Yes, you are. You've got good qualifications in English and Maths. But it is very hard work.Cathy: Oh, I don't mind that.Officer: And it's not very pleasant sometimes.-Cathy: That doesn't worry me either. Mum's right. I do look after sick animals. I looked after our dog when it was run over by a car. My mother was sick, but I didn't mind. I was too worriedabout the dog. Do you really think I could be a nurse?Officer: I think you could be a very good nurse. You'd have to leave home, of course.Cathy: I rather think I should enjoy that.Officer: Well, don't decide all at once. Here's some information about one or two other things which might suit you. Have a look through it before you make up your mind.Task 11【原文】I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The station’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced himthat she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Youth Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different, so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.欢迎下载11。

I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.Unit 6Task 1【答案】A.[d]—[b]—[a]—[e]—[c]B.a【原文】Laura usually leaves the offices of Quest Productions at about 5 o'clock, but last Monday she left at 5:30. She wanted to get home by 6:30 and she ran to the bus stop but she couldn't get on a bus. There were too many people and not enough buses. Laura was desperate to get home so she decided to go by tube.In the station she went to one of the automatic ticket machines but she didn't have enough change, so she had to join the queue at the ticket window. She bought her ticket and ran to the escalator. Laura went to the platform and waited for the tube. It arrived and the crowd moved forward.Laura was pushed into the train. It was almost full but she was given a seat by a man with a moustache. Laura thanked him and sat down. She started to read her newspaper. In the tunnel the train stopped suddenly and Laura was thrown to the floor together with the man with the moustache. Somebody screamed. The lights went out. It was quarter past 6 on a cold, wet December evening.Task 2【答案】A.1) a 2) b 3) d 4) cB.1) T 2) T 3) FC.wondered; television plays; exciting; every cigarette lighter; tape recorder; held in a certain way; the touch of a gold ring against the hand of; reveal; How wrong they were【原文】X was a secret agent. He had rented a furnished room in a provincial town not far from the public park and had been there two weeks. He was standing at the window looking out at the dull beds of geraniums, the park gates and the cold, uninviting statue of Queen Victoria that stood across the street from him, It was raining hard and the few people who passed by looked wet and miserable. X was miserable, too. How, he wondered, could anybody think there was anything interesting about the life of a secret agent? He knew it was because people had seen so many television plays about glamorous spies that they thought the life of a secret agent was exciting.They were convinced that every cigarette lighter concealed a secret tape recorder; that a fountain pen held in a certain way would open alocked door, that the touch of a gold ring against the hand of an enemy would make him reveal all his secrets. How wrong they were! He looked round his room. The wallpaper was in the worst possible taste, the pictures horrible, the carpet worn, dirty and faded; and he was cold. This was the third Monday he had come to the window to look out. He prayed it would be the last.As if in answer to his prayer, a certain meeting he had been sent to investigate was about to take place. He took out his camera. Just beneath the statue two women had stopped to speak. He knew one of them, and it was she who pointed in his direction. The other woman looked up towards him and in that brief moment he photographed her.Task 3【答案】B.1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) d【原文】Harry: Well, Robert, have you made up your mind yet what you want to do when you leave college?Nora: Oh Harry. Surely he's a bit young to decide on his career. He hasn't even got to college yet.Harry: Not at all, Nora. It's wisest to decide in good time. Look at me, for example.I really wanted to be a sailor, but now I spend my days sitting at a desk inan office. Yes, it's silly to train for the wrong job. And after all, Robert will be going to college soon.Nora: Now if I were a man I'd be a farmer. To see the crops growing--that's my idea of a good life.Harry: Yes, and to see the money rolling in is more important still.Robert: Well, that's not the way I look at it, Dad. It's the job I care about, not the money.Harry: Maybe not; but you'll learn to care about the money too, when you've gota family to keep.Nora: And of course Peter — well, he's keen to be a racing driver, or else an explorer.Robert: Oh, Peter's not old enough to make up his mind about such things.Harry: You haven't answered my question yet, Robert. What would you like to do? Nora: Are you sure you don't want to be a farmer, Robert? Or a market gardener? Robert: No, I'm sorry Mum, but I don't want to at all. I'd rather be a civil engineer.I want to buildroads and bridges.Harry: Not ships? Isn't it better to be a shipbuilding engineer?Robert: Look here, is it my career we're planning, or yours?Harry: All fight, all right, there's no need to lose your temper. But you'd better win that scholarship first.Task 4【答案】I. correspondents; columnistA. may not need eitherB. to go to places where events take place and write stories about themII. first; bigger; better; who will soon leave to work for other peopleIII. working hours; free time; work long hours to begin with【原文】Here are some of the things a young man or woman should not do when he first asks an editor for a job:He should not tell the editor that he wants to be a foreign correspondent or a columnist. Very probably the editor does not need either. He wants a reporter who will go to such places as government offices and police stations and write a true story of what is happening there. Being a foreign correspondent or a columnist will come later.A young person should not tell tile editor that newspaper work is only the first step on the way to bigger and better jobs, such as those in government. The editor must take a lot of time and trouble teaching someone to be a good newspaperman or woman. He does not like the idea of teaching people who are soon going to leave him to work for someone else.A young journalist should accept the working hours and free time the editor gives him. As a new journalist, it is very probable that he will work longer hours than others and work on weekends. The editor did the same when he was a young newspaperman with no experience. He expects a journalist to understand how things are on a newspaper.Task 5【答案】A.1) acd 2) abeB.1) she is the wrong sex 2) she wears the wrong clothes【原文】SYLVIA: We've got a new manager in our department.LARRY: Oh? You hoped to get that job, didn't you?SYLVIA: Yes, I did.LARRY: I'm sorry. That's too bad. Who is it? Who got the job, I mean?SYLVIA: Someone called Drexler. Carl Drexler. He's been with the company onlytwo years. I've been here longer. And I know more about the job, too!LARRY: Hmm. Why do you think they gave it to him and not to you?SYLVIA: Because I'm the wrong sex, of course !LARRY: You mean you didn't get the job because you're a woman?SYLVIA: Yes, that was probably it! It isn't fair.LARRY: What sort of clothes does he wear?SYLVTA: A dark suit. White shirt. A tie. Why?LARRY: Perhaps that had something to do with it.SYLVIA: You mean you think I didn't get the job because I come to work in jeans and a sweater?LARRY: It's possible, isn't it?SYLVIA: Do you really think I should wear different clothes?LARRY: Well. . . perhaps you should think about it.SYLVTA: Why should I wear a skirt? Or a dress?LARRY: I'm not saying you should. I'm saying you should think about it. That's all!SYLVIA: Why should I do that? I'm good at my job! That's the only important thing!LARRY: Hmm. Perhaps it should be the only important thing. But it isn't. Not inthis company.Task 6【答案】B.1st speaker(bcd) 2nd speaker(ae)C.1) F 2) F【原文】Al: Is this the right line to file a claim?Bob: Yeah. It's the same line for everything. You just stand here and wait.Al: Oh. Is there always such a long line?Bob: Every week. Sometimes longer. Is this your first time here?Al: Yes.Bob: What happened? Your plant closed down?Al: No. I'm a car salesman, or, I was a car salesman. But we just aren't selling cars. It's the interest rates. Two years ago, I averaged ten new cars a month.Do you know how many carsI sold last month? One. One car to a lady who had the cash. But the interest ratesare up again. The boss let three of us go. How about you?Bob: I worked at a vacuum cleaner plant with about fifty workers. We put in a good day's work. But the machinery was getting old. As a matter of fact, the whole plant was old. So the management decided to build a new plant. You know where?In Singapore. The workers here made about seven dollars an hour, a couple of people made eight or nine an hour. You know how much they're paying the workers in Singapore? $2.50 an hour! Anyway, all fifty of us got laid off.Al: How long ago was that?Bob: They closed down ten months ago.Al: Any luck finding another job?Bob: Nothing. I have one, sometimes two, interviews a week. Last week I thought I had something. They liked my experience with machines. But I never heard from them again.Al: At least you know something about machines. All I can do is talk.Bob: Maybe you'll talk yourself into another job. Good luck. I'll see you here next week.Al: I hope not. I hope I'll have something by then.Task 7【答案】A.1) F 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) FB.1) According to the first speaker, it is frustrating because the teacher cannot see clearly the results of his efforts.2) According to the second speaker, English language teaching is a good job, because it guarantees a stable income and regular working hours and means less pressure. He also likes the way elderly teacher are.【原文】Interviewer: Do you prefer what you're doing to teaching?John Smith: Yes, one of the things I found a bit frustrating about teaching was that it was rather,very intangible than um, especially if you're teaching in England and most of the students know quite a lot of English before they arrive. They learn a lot of English outside the classroom, in pubs or coffee shops or other places, with the families they're living with. It's very difficult to pin down how much they learn from your actual lesson, whereas in marketing um, again there are lots of areas that are gray rather than black or white, but there are quite a few other areas where one can see quite clearly the results of one's efforts.Interviewer: What did you do after you quit your job in advertising?Second Man: In fact, I became a journalist and I worked as a freelance. I didn't have a full-time job with any newspaper. I just had to contribute thingsas they came along and 1wrote for magazines, and I did quite a lot of broadcasting for the VOA. Well, this was in a way the opposite of advertising because I enjoyed it a lot butI found it very hard to earn enough money to live on.Interviewer: And then you decided to be a teacher?Second Man: Well, and so I thought. Well, I must do something which produces an income that I can be sure of. While I was working as a journalist I had donean article for a magazine about the English language teaching world andm fact I had come to the school where I now teach as a journalist andinterviewed a lot of the people. And I thought it seemed a very nice placeand I thought that the classes I visited had a very, very nice feelingabout them, and so I thought, well, I'll see if they'll have me.Interviewer: Why do you prefer teaching to advertising?Second Man: Well, partly because in teaching you work regular hours. It I advertising you just had to stay at the office until the work was finished [I see.]and it could be three o'clock in the morning. [Oh, dean] Also you werevery often made to work at weekends. Often some job would come up thatwas very important and they said it had to be finished — it had to gointo the newspapers next week.Interviewer: So there was a lot mom pressure.Second Man: There was a lot more pressure in advertising. Also, the people I worked with when I was first in advertising were young hopeful people like myself.By the end I was working with a lot of old people who quite honestly wereawful. And I kept looking at them and saying, "Am I going to be like that?"And I thought if I am I'd better get out, whereas the English languageteachers I saw, who were older people I thought, well, they seemed quitenice. And I wouldn't mind being like that myself.Task 8【答案】The interview with Michale:【原文】Matthew: Michael, do you go out to work?Michael: Not regularly, no. I... I used to; I used to have a job in a publishing company, but Idecided it wasn't really what I wanted to do and that what I wanted to do wouldn't earn me much money, so I gave up working and luckily I had a private income from my family to support me and now I do the things I want to do. Some of them get paid like lecturing and teaching, and others don't.Matthew: What are the advantages of not having to go to work from nine till five? Michael: Ah... there' re two advantages really. One is that if you feel tired you don't have to get up, and the other is that you can spend your time doing things you want to do rather than being forced to do the same thing all the time. Matthew: But surely that's in a sense very self-indulgent and very lucky because most of us have to go out and earn our livings. Do you feel justified in having this privileged position?Michael: Yes, because I think I use it well. I do things which I think are useful to people and the community and which I enjoy doing.Matthew: Chris, what do you think the value of work is?Chris: Well, I think in our present-day society, for most people, work has very little value at all. Most of us go out to work for about eight to nine hours of our working day. We do things which are either totally futile and totally useless or have very little justification whatsoever, and for most of us the only reason for working is that we need to keep ourselves alive, to pay for somewhere to live, to pay to feed our children.Matthew: But surely people wouldn't know what to do if they didn't have to go to work?Chris: Well, again this raises the sort of two main aspects of work. Should we think of 'work only as a sort of bread-winning process, and this is very much the role it has in current society, or should we take a much wider perspective on work and think of all the possible sort of activities that human beingscould be doing during the day? I think the sort of distinction currently is between say, someone who works in a car factory and who produces cars which are just adding to pollution, to over-consumption of vital resources, who is doing something which is very harmful, both to our environment and to, probably society, to contrast his work with someone perhaps like a doctor, who I think in any society could be justified as doing a very valuable job and one which incidentally is satisfying to the person who is doing it.Matthew: What do you do? Is your job just a breadwinning process or do you get some satisfaction out of doing it?Chris: Well, in the job I do find that most of the satisfaction is a mental one;it's coming to grips with the problems of my subject and with the problems of teaching in the University. Clearly this is the type of satisfaction that most people doing what we call in England "white-collar" jobs. This is quite different from the sort of craftsman, who is either working that his hands or with his skills on a machine, or from people perhaps who are using artistic skills, which are of a quite different character. Certainly it's becoming a phenomena that people who do "white-collar jobs during the day, who work with their minds to some extent, people who work on computers, people who are office clerks, bank employees, these people have fairly soul-destroying jobs which nevertheless don't involve much physical effort, that they tend to come home and do "do-it-yourself" activities at home. They make cupboard, paint their houses, repair their cars, which somehow provide the sort of physical job satisfaction that they're denied in their working day.Task 9【答案】A.B.1) No major change. For some→“less paperwork”Some:→less working hoursOthers:→earn more money.2) Most adults→would go on working.Esp. young adults (18 to 24)→9 out of 10 would go on working【原文】Are most workers today feeling bored and dissatisfied with their jobs? It is often claimed that they are. Yet a study conducted by Parade magazine more than 20 years ago showed that people at that time felt the opposite.Parade asked questions of a representative sampling of adult Americans from coast to coast. The sampling included different sexes, age groups, and occupations. The interviewees were asked to make a choice from one of the following three to describe their feelings towards their work.A. Like their jobs.B. Dislike their jobs.C. Like their jobs in part,Results showed that 91 percent of the male interviewees and 84 percent of the females chose A, while only 5 percent men and 12 percent women interviewed chose B. The rest said that they liked their jobs in part and they comprised a very tow percentage.In all the three age groups — from 18 to 24, from 25 to 29 and 30 to 39 —those who liked theirjobs made up the majority. 70 percent, 88 percent and 92 percent respectively choose A. Those choosing B accounted for 20 percent, 9 percent and 8 percent of different age groups. And the rest, 6 percent, 3 percent and 0 percent respectively claimed that they only liked their jobs in part.The difference in responses among people with different occupations is small. Among the white-collar employees, those choosing A, B and C are 87 percent, 8 percent and 4 percent of the total. And for the blue-collar employees, 91 percent, 5 percent and 3 percent choose A, B and C respectively.It is interesting to note that there are few differences in attitude between men and women, professionals and factory workers. In each group, the largest number reported that they liked their jobs.Next, Parade asked, "If there were one thing you could change about your job, what would it be?" It was expected that many would wish to make their jobs less boring, but very few gave this reply. No major changes were reported. Some wished for "less paperwork"; many would shorten their working hours, but others would like more hours in order to earn more money. No serious complaints were made.Most people have to work in order to live. But what would happen if someone had enough money to stop working? Parade asked, "If you inherited a million dollars, would you go on working — either at your present job or something you liked better--or would you quit work?" The answers showed that most adults would prefer to work, even if they didn't have to. This is true especially of the younger adults aged 18-24. Of these, nine out often said they would go on working, even if they suddenly became millionaires.Task 10【答案】B.1) F 2) TC.1) b 2) aD.1. She really enjoyed meeting new people.2. She had good qualifications in English and Maths.3. She did not mind hard work, even if it was not always pleasant.4. She liked living away form home.【原文】Officer: Come in, please take a seat. I'm the careers officer. You're Cathy, aren't you?Mother: That's right. This is Catherine Hunt, and I'm her mother.Officer: How do you do, Mrs. Hunt? Hello, Catherine.Cathy: Hello. Pleased to meet you.Officer: And you'd like some advice about choosing a career?-Mother: Yes, she would. Wouldn't you, Catherine?Cathy: Yes, please.Officer: Well, just let me ask a few questions to begin with. How old are you, Catherine?Mother: She's nineteen. Well, she's almost nineteen.Officer: And what qualifications have you got?Mother: Well, qualifications from school, of course. Very good results she got. And she got certificates for ballet and for playing the piano.Officer: Is that what you're interested in, Catherine, dancing and music? Cathy: Well...Mother: Ever since she was a little girl, she's been very keen on music and dancing. She ought tobe a music teacher or something. She's quite willing to train for a few more years to get the right job, aren't you, Catherine?Cathy: Well, if it's a good idea.Mother: There you are, you see. She's a good girl really, a bit lazy and disorganized sometimes,but she's very bright. I'm sure the careers officer will have lots of jobs for you.Officer: Well, I'm afraid it's not as easy as that. There are many young people these days who can'tfind the job they want.Mother: I told you, Catherine. I told you, you shouldn't wear that dress. You have to look smart toget a job these days.Officer: I think she looks very nice. Mrs. Hunt, will you come into the other office for a momentand look at some of the information we have there. I'm sure you'd like to see how we can help young people.Mother: Yes, I'd love to. Mind you, I think Catherine would be a nice teacher. She could work with young children. She'd like that. Or she could be a vet. She's always looking after sick animals.Officer: I'm afraid there's a lot of competition. You need very good results to bea vet. This way, Mrs. Hunt. Just wait a minute, Catherine.(The mother exits.)Officer: There are just one or two more things, Catherine.Cathy: Do call me Cathy.Officer: OK, Cathy. Are you really interested in being a vet?Cathy: Not really. Anyway, I'm not bright enough. I'm reasonably intelligent, but I'm not brilliant. I'm afraid my mother is a bit over-optimistic.Officer: Yes, I guessed that. She's a bit overpowering, isn't she, your mum? Cathy: A bit. But she's very kind.Officer: I'm sure she is. So, you're interested in ballet and music, are you? Cathy: Not really. My mother sent me to lessons when I was six, so I'm quite good,I suppose. But I don't think I want to do that for the rest of my life, especiallymusic. It's so lonely.Officer: What do you enjoy doing?Cathy: Well, I like playing tennis, and swimming. Oh, I went to France with the school choir last year. I really enjoyed that. And I like talking to people. But I suppose you mean real interests — things that would help me to get a job? Officer: No. I'm more interested in what you really want to do. You like talking to people, do you?Cathy: Oh yes, I really enjoy meeting new people.Officer: Do you think you would enjoy teaching?Cathy: No, no, I don't really. I was never very interested in school work, and I'd like to do something different. Anyway, there's a teacher training college very near us. It would be just like going to school again.Officer: So you don't want to go on training?Cathy: Oh, I wouldn't mind at all, not for something useful. I wondered about beinga hairdresser — you meet lots of people, and you learn to do somethingproperly—but I don't know. It doesn't seem very worthwhile.Officer: What about nursing?Cathy: Nursing? In a hospital? Oh, I couldn't do that, I'm not good enough. Officer: Yes, you are. You've got good qualifications in English and Maths. But it is very hard work.Cathy: Oh, I don't mind that.Officer: And it's not very pleasant sometimes.Cathy: That doesn't worry me either. Mum's right. I do look after sick animals. Ilooked after our dog when it was run over by a car. My mother was sick, but I didn't mind. I was too worried about the dog. Do you really think I could be a nurse?Officer: I think you could be a very good nurse. You'd have to leave home, of course. Cathy: I rather think I should enjoy that.Officer: Well, don't decide all at once. Here's some information about one or two other things which might suit you. Have a look through it before you make up your mind.Task 11【原文】I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The station’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Youth Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different, so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

Unit 1Task 1【答案】A.1) She wanted to see St。

Paul‟s Cathedral.2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike。

3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers.4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them， who all looked as if theywere wearing a uniform.5） No, he didn‟t。

6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world” to prove his opinion。

B。

If all the seas were one sea， what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree,what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash therewould be!【原文】Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City of London。

She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral。

She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suitsand bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home sheasked Mr clark about these strange creatures. ”They must be typical Engl ish gentlemen,” shesaid.” I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they arewearing a uniform。

视听说unit 6Ⅰ.lead in1. After you have finished listening to the whole unit, you may find that opinions are divided on this issue. Some people believe that good girls should never wear a miniskirt because it is too revealing. On the other hand, there are girls who prefer to break with tradition, play a new, independent role in society, and therefore they choose to wear something daring and rebellious such as a miniskirt. As for me, I'm in favor of the former point of view and don't like those who wear a miniskirt. (I support the latter point of view, for we have to advance with the times.)2. Some people are daring and self-confident by nature. They feel proud of themselves when putting on new, fashionable clothes. They always want to be the center of public attention. On the other hand, some others tend to be shy. The last thing they wish to do is to seek the spotlight. Naturally, they may feel ill at ease with stylish clothes. As far as I'm concerned, I would feel confident/uncomfortable in a new dress. This has something to do with my childhood experiences.3. Obviously fashion shows have been around for a long time in various parts of the world. This fact shows that they are an indispensable part of the modern culture. However, I'd like to point out that the pursuit of fashion should not take up the greater part of our lives. After all, work and study are far more important than fashion shows.4. Some people do treat me differently according to what I'm wearing. They are often called snobs. Fortunately, those people do not represent the majority. Most people judge you by your ability, intelligence and moral integrity rather than by the clothes you're wearing.Ⅲ.listening inTask 1.A Woman's Funny DressLily: Mom, look at that woman. Her dress looks funny.Mother: I wouldn't say that, Lily. It looks fine to me.Lily: Are you kidding? She's out of fashion. That's last year's style.Mother: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her.Lily: Wow, you're really as out-dated as she is.Mother: You're right. I'm out of date. So what? What's the point of following the fashion?Lily: No wonder you never buy me new dresses.Task 2.How is fashion decided?Fashion designers design and make fashionable clothes for men and women. They begin trends and create new styles. Paris has been the traditional center of world fashion, though recently British designers have had great influence in setting new styles, and so have certain designers in the United States and Italy. French designers guard the secrets of their new designs until their collections are shown to the public. Then pictures of the styles are published in newspapers and magazines all over the world. People from many countries travel to Paris to buy the clothes and copy the newest ideas. In January they go to see the spring clothes; and in July, to see the autumn designs. Many dress manufacturers from other countries buy the original clothes of the famous French designers. They then take them back to their own sewing rooms, where the clothes are copied and made up in great numbers. That's why you may be able to buy in your town the clothing that is in the latest style without paying a very high price for it. Other manufacturers use the Paris styles simply as a starting point for their own ideas. Still others may adapt only a part of the French design into their own styles.Task 3.Dreaming of Being a Fashion ModelTop fashion models travel all over the world, earn huge salaries and live exciting lives. If you want to be a model, you should know the basic rules. Girls are usually picked to be models when they are between 15 and 22 years old. Ideally, they are tall, long-legged, and thin. The minimum height is about 5'8", and the average weight is 108-125 pounds. A few other important things for a fashion model are clear skin, healthy hair, straight teeth, and a well-shaped body. You'll also need ambition, intelligence, confidence, independence, and will-power.If you've got the right looks but are worried over not being tall enough or fit enough, Kimi is the answer. Kimi is the magic key to developing your fashion model potential. Kimi is a computer-designed height stimulator. It massages your feet to stimulate a part of your brain that produces more growth hormones. This will give you the fashion model kind of height. You should also go in for some sports like running or basketball. These increase the benefits of using Kimi.Make an important decision today. Order Kimi right now! Don't you think having the height and shape of a fashion model would be wonderful? Yes, Kimi helps you realize your dream.Ⅴ.let’s talkMary Quant was a famous dress designer in the 1960s. Her main contribution to fashion history was the miniskirt. During the 1960s many young people were starting to think women could do more in life than be wives and mothers. Clothes became a weapon in the battle between generations. Anything different and daring was soon popular. During this period miniskirts attracted the world's attention. It was teenagers and very young girls who bought short skirts that displayed their legs. Ms. Quant said that at her fashion shop, young women began demanding shorter and shorter skirts. "If I didn't make them short enough, the girls that had wonderful legs would take scissors and shorten the skirts themselves." she said. Eventually, Ms. Quant's skirts, which arrived in the United States in the mid-60's, were reduced to about five inches. In parts of Europe and North America the miniskirt represented loose morals. Members of the older generation believed good girls would never appear in miniskirts. But in Ms. Quant's opinion, short skirts worn with heavy pantyhose would make the girl look childlike. Lately, feminists have come to see mini as a symbol of women's liberation, as a powerful weapon against the traditional stereotype of the woman simply as wife and mother.Ⅵ.further listening and speakingTask 1.Paying for the New ClothesDaughter: Mom, I need some new clothes. Everything I have is out of date. The new semester will be starting soon -- can we go shopping?Mother: You have a closet full of clothes that are still in very good condition. Your father and I already have to pay your university tuition... and there's the books too."Daughter: But everyone else will be wearing the latest Levis. And I will look stupid wearing the same old skirts I wore in high school. They are so long. People will think I came from the middle ages. Mother: But...Daughter: Maybe I could get a part-time job to help pay for the new clothes.Mother: No, you need to study. But university is a new experience... maybe we can look for something -- not too expensive.Daughter: Wonderful, at least we can have a look.Task 2.A Model's Description of Her WorkBefore the fashion show started, we had a rehearsal. In a small room we were each given a space. A dresser got us into the fashion clothes, then an assistant checked that the style was right -- the correct number of buttons undone, the trousers pulled to the right height. Once dressed, we queued up in order by the door. The fashion designer checked that the clothing was as he wanted. The music started, and we went out. We posed for the photographers, turned and walked back. It was a breeze. I walked back into the room, too excited to realize I was meant to hurry. In the few steps from the door you can throw off quite a few layers of clothing. By failing to do so, I almost missed my next turn.At 8:30 p.m., with the audience in place, we were back in the clothes. We went out again, to a full house. The music was loud, but clear. You could hear the talking -- fashion shows are not theatre, and people don't keep quiet. Journalists discuss what to write about; buyers discuss whether they can make a profit from the clothes. And although you have been chosen for your looks that are suitable for certain dresses, as a model, you are just an advertisement for the designer. So you walk through conversations, unable to stop or react. You are not a creative human being, just a smiling doll.。

Unit 9Task 1【答案】1) the campus hero; the women’s track coach2) the class started before I got here3) will develop4) cloudy; the glass is a little dirty5) a symbol of happiness; wear black【原文】1) Man: I had the girls running in circles when I was in college.Woman: I never knew you were the campus hero.Man: I wasn't. I was the women's track coach.2) Instructor: Mr. Jenkins, why are you late?Student: I guess because the class started before I got here.3) Woman: Doctor, you have to come immediately--my baby swallowed some camera film!Doctor: Just calm yourself, nothing will develop.4) Customer: Waiter, this water is cloudy.Waiter: The water's okay, madam. It's just that the glass is a little dirty.5) Woman: The bride wears white on her wedding day as a symbol of happiness, for this is themost joyous day in her entire life.Man: Why does the groom wear black?Task 2【答案】Speakers Preferences Reasonslst speaker French Melodic; easy on the ear; poetic; a rhythm to thelanguage; rounded; no sharp, jagged edges; pleasing2nd speaker Dane speaking English Beautiful, low, sensitive, very soft quality3rd speaker French speaking English Nice pronunciation of "h" and "th"; very nice, steadyrhythms; gentle; lyrical4th speaker Mediterranean accents Mediterranean culture; gives English life; beautifulmixture of the serious Northern European and theSouthern European5th speaker Swedish accent Makes her smile; sing-songy; makes her want toimitate【原文】Catherine: I think firstly I find the French language, very melodic to listen to. It's very easy on the ear, and it almost sounds poetic. No matter what kind of mood the individual is in,who's talking, or what they're talking about, there seems to be a rhythm to the language.And it's rounded; there are no sharp, jagged edges to the language, so it's very pleasingto the ear.Chris: I think the accent I really like is the Dane speaking English. They sound awful when they speak Danish, but when they speak English there's a beautiful, low, sensitive, verysoft quality about it.Donald: I like the way they bring their French pronunciation into English. They can't pronounce "h"s and they can't pronounce "th" properly. And I think that actually sounds very nice.Also I like the rhythm: they bring French rhythms into English--nice, steady rhythmsand I like that too. It's just it, it... whenever I hear a French person speaking English itsounds more gentle and more lyrical.Lesley: I think the most attractive foreign accents for me are Mediterranean accents because they, if you like, import their own culture into the English accent and give it a lot of life that sometimes, that kind of--the gestures and everything that the English people don't have, so you get a beautiful mixture of the serious Northern European and the Southern European together.Susan: I like the Swedish accent because it, it makes me smile and the way it's spoken is so sing-songy that you can't help but smile when other people actually speak it. And it always makes you want to try and put the accent on yourself.Task 3【答案】spelling; meaning; history; a slab of ham; a lump of bread; hunk of something to eat; a strong man;a book of maps; the top bone of the neck; Olympians; holding the sky on his head and hands; Sixteenth; on the cover of a book of maps; blessing; I hope you will have a good night; day’s eye; it has a little golden eye, like a tiny sun; the English daisy closes at night; the English loved their daisies.【原文】The spelling and meaning of words are very interesting. But what's more interesting is the history of a word, or where it came from. Let's examine some of the words and see how they got into our language.LUNCH Lunch perhaps comes from an old Spanish word lonje, a slab of ham. We may also get our word from a form of lump, maybe a lump of bread, but whether lunch comes from ham or bread, it meant a hunk of something to eat.ATLAS An atlas is a strong man, and also a book of maps. The story of this word begins a long time ago in Greece. The ancient Greeks believed that their gods had once been a race of giants called Titans. The Titans fought with another group of gods called Olympians, and the Olympians won. Atlas was a Titan. He was punished for fighting by having to stand at the western edge of the world, holding the sky on his head and hands, so that it would not fall on the world and smash anything.After the ancient Greek religion died out, the idea of Atlas changed. From holding up the sky with his head and hands, he came to be thought of as holding the world on his shoulders. Mercator, a mapmaker of the sixteenth century, used a picture of Atlas on the cover of a book of maps, so a book of maps came to be called an atlas.The word has still another meaning. The top bone of the neck is called atlas because it supports the head.GOOD-BYE Good-bye is a blessing; originally it was God be with ye, and in the course of time it became one word. Many of our greetings are good wishes, but we say them with so little thought that we forget this. When we say good morning, good evening, good night, and so on, what we are really saying is, "I hope you will have a good morning (or evening, or night)."DAISY The daisy has a little golden eye, like a tiny sun. Perhaps this is the reason the English people named it day's eye, or perhaps they chose the name because the English daisy closes at night. The English loved their daisies, which were pink and red, as well as white. Six hundred years or so ago, the English poet Chaucer said:The daisy, or else the eye of the day,The queen, and prettiest flower of all.Task 4【答案】A.1) T2) T3) F4) T5) FB.1) b2) c3) a4) c5) c6) b【原文】MATTHEW: Chris, why is it that there are so many different languages , and that in Europe certainly if you travel more than a hundred miles , you're likely to find peoplespeaking a completely different language to your own?CHRIS: Well, it's true to say that there are er ... hundreds and hundreds of different languages.It's perhaps um . . . however , more interesting and more informative to say that thereare several different groups of languages er . .. Most European languages,with theexception of I think Finnish and er .. . Basque and . . . Hungarian I believe,belong tothe Indo-European group of languages, I'm not very sure myself of the . . . the actualdetails of the history of these languages, but you can be very sure that er ... most ofthese languages , say Latin and Greek nd our own language a and er . . . German ander ... French and ... all the others, are connected. The reason why you can travel fromone Willage to another in Switzerland and er . . . from one area to another in Englandand find different dialects, if not different languages spoken, is that um ... severalhundred years ago communication was by word of mouth. Word of mouth meant thatpeople had to move ; if people were to move they needed roads and there were noroads.MATTHEW: Do you see any chance for a universal language like Esperanto?CHRIS: Not for an artificial er ... language, no ... I suppose the Roman Catholic Church usedLatin. but Latin had a ... a particular religious basis and this is probably why it wastherefore chosen. I don't see very much chance for Esperanto; I think it's an awfullygood idea but I don't believe that language works like that.I think people willprobably er .. . work towards the most convenient language to use.They will not setout to learn a new language. It seems to me that er ... either English,. Russian orChinese, perhaps Japanese, will be the language of the future er . . . My bet's onEnglish.MATTHEW: Maggie, why do you think it is that so few English people speak a second language? MAGGIE: I think when you learn a language at school ...it tends to be rather a dead occupation, and it's very difficult to stimulate any interest among school children. But when youactually go to the country and spend say a month in . . . in an exchange visit whenyou're a schoolgirl, or a schoolboy um ... then you suddenly become more interestedbecause you ... you want to communicate with poeple when you're actually abroad,and it's not safe to rely on the fact that most people speak English when um . . . inforeign countries. Mm . . . I think English people traditionally thought that . . . thatforeigners always spoke English, and a lot of foreigners do, but there are people thatyou meet in the street or you want to take a bus somewhere, then you find that youneed to speak the language and'it's very unnerving to be in a situation where you can'tcommunicate with people when you do want to travel around.MATTHEW: Have you ever been abroad and learnt er ... a language in the country? MAGGIE: Yes , well when I was a secretary I er... went and lived in Geneva for two years, andI learnt French at school but I . . . I really didn't speak it at all. I knew it theoreticallybut I wasn't able to communicate with people. But I was in a situation where if I didn't speak French , then I would not have been able to do my shopping and buy food ,and so I picked the language up and I made friends with French people ... Swiss French people,and I found that if I wanted to communicate with all . . . all the people that I met ,then I had to learn French, and I think it's the best method of learning because you'rein the situation. It's very hard at times —you can sit through dinner parties and notunderstand what ... what's going on and you think everybody thinks you're stupidbecause you can't communicate with them, but it's ... it's the hard way but I think it'sthe best way to learn.MATTHEW: Elfriede, you come from Austria and yet you've been living in England now for the last three years. Has having to learn and speak another language created greatproblems?ELFRIEDE: Um ... At the beginning, yes, it was rather difficult for me to get the right job . . .um. after you've lived here for one or two years you get to know the system and thenthat's quite good. You know how to use libraries and oh .. . you get to know where toum... call in emergencies; um ... you get to know ... er ...trying to get a radio andunderstand the radio and all the . . . programmes they have . . . um and when they'reon and the little stories.MATTHEW: What about English humour on the radio?ELFRIEDE: Um . . . I think that takes a very very long time to understand and I'm sorry to say that I haven't managed yet to understand it completely, but er... I find it veryinteresting to speak other languages um ... because English people have differenter ...have a different mentality, and have a very different character and a differenttemperament and it is fascinating for me to talk to them um... and also for myself tobe able to express myself in a different language and to communicate with them.Task 5【答案】1) A mother is leaving instructions with her babysitter before going out.2) Wake up; give her the dummy; give her a cuddle; sing to her; read her a story; go back to sleep.3) Two friends are taking about their holiday together.4) It reminds.., of... holiday; city; wine; good food; tower; view; walking along the river; paintings;I love...; I like...; I remember...5) Two women are meeting at a doctor’s waiting room.6) It's diagnosed; have another look; do something about...; go away; give.., for...; it's your turn. 【原文】Number 1Fiona: Okay, Deek, I'm off now. [Okay.] Everything's okay, is it?Deek: Yes, I think so. The only thing is... is she likely to wake up?Fiona: No, I don't think so. She doesn't usually, but...Deek: What if she does?Fiona: Well, yes. Don't. worry about it. Her dummy's by the bed, so if you just pick her up, give her the dummy, give her a little bit of a cuddle; [Yes.] sing to her if you like.Deek: Shall I read her a story or something?Fiona: Yes, anything like that. [Yes.] Then she should just go back to sleep again quite happily. Deek: Okay.Fiona: Oh! And I've left stuff for you in the fridge. There's some salad and cold chicken and some beer as well. Okay then?Deek: Right then. Bye.Fiona: Bye-bye.Number 2Lesley: Ah ... it's such a lovely day. It reminds me of last week, doesn't it you?Fiona: Oh don't! I mean that was just so fantastic, that holiday!Lesley: I love that city, you know.Fiona: I do too. Really, it's got something about it, a certain sort of charm ...Lesley: Mm, and all that wine and good food ...Fiona: And so cheap. Right, I mean, compared to here ...Lesley: Yes, although the shops are expensive.Fiona: Mm, yes.Lesley: I mean, really I bought nothing at all. I just ate and ate and drank and drank.Fiona: I know. Wasn't that lovely?Lesley: Yes, and I, I go there. I like listening to the people talking, sitting outside drinking wine. Fiona: Yes. Could you understand what they were saying? When they were speaking quickly, I mean.Lesley: Well, it is difficult, of course. And then I liked that tower, too.Fiona: You liked that tower? I'm not sure about it, really. (No) It's very unusual, right in the centre of the city.Lesley: True, but there's a lovely view from the top.Fiona: Oh, you went right up, didn't you? (Mm, yes) Oh no, I didn't.Lesley: Of course you didn't.Fiona: I remember that day. We weren't together.Lesley: No, that's right. (Mm) You went down by the river, didn't you?Fiona: That's it. Oh, walking along the river and all the couples (Yes) and it's so romantic ... (Is it true) and the paintings too ...Lesley: They do have artists down by the river, do they? (Yes) Oh, how lovely!Fiona: Oh, it really is super.Lesley: Yes. Oh, I think we ought to go back there again next year, don't you?Fiona: I do, yes. (Mm) If only just to sample some more of the wine.Lesley: It'd be lovely, wouldn't it?Fiona: Yes.Number 3Mary: I'm so pleased. What about you then?Jane: Well, he said he wanted to have another look at it.Mary: Yes. What are they doing about it?Jane: Well, I don't think they're going to do anything really. It just sometimes goes away [Well, can't...] something like that.Mary: Well, can't they give you anything for it?Jane: Well, no, they didn't say the9 could. [Really?] No, just got to be patient and wait for it to go away.Mary: Well, that seems a bit stupid, doesn't it?Jane: Yes, it does.Mary: You'd have thought.., you'd have thought they'd have thought of something.Jane: Yes. Ooh it's your mm.Mary: Yes. Certainly.Jane: Good luck!Mary: Thank you!Task 6【答案】A.1) c2) a3) b4) cB.1) T2) F3) F4) T5) F6) T【原文】Learning to SpeakIt is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though they word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their voices. This self imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at say seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply Because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes.Playful and apparently meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.Task 7【答案】Topic: Body language1. Brief introduction"statements"; non-verbal communication; small facial expressions, hand gestures and body movements that we make to express our feelings2.Detailed introductionour facial expressions and gestures are automatic and unconscious most of the time; we paid conscious attention to the hidden messages in body language; facial; body2.1 facial expressionsEyes, eyebrows, lips and facial muscles: capable of “saying” things.Eyes Suggestions NoteWide eyes Surprise, wonder, excitement orsometimes fear (possible) One element alone does not tell us everything. We have to see gesturesWide eyes, a little smile and a Wonderfully pleasedslight tilt of the head in combination.Anger or hostility"Squinty" eyes, tight lips, andthe head pushed forwardHalf-closed eyes Fatigue, boredom or indifference(possible)Half-closed eyes, a lowered tiltCoy and flirtatiousof the head, a fluttering of theeyelids and a slight smileThe size of our pupils Our interest in a subjectEyebrows Signal FlagsOne brow up, one down Doubt, disbelief or uncertaintyBoth up Surprise or mistrustSqueeze them together Frown or scowlLips Both Nonverbal and Verbal MessagesBaring the teeth just on one side or pullSnarl and threat (close to animals)the lips tightly across the teethThe "pout" "I'm not happy because I'm not getting what I want."Anxiety and fearTuck the lower lip into out mouth andbite itLicking the lips: a "dry mouth" gesture Stress or anxietyHand or sign language: highly developed, especially by the deaf.The Routine Hand Language MessagePointing with the index finger To accuse someoneThe clenched fist beating in the air To threaten someoneA clenched fist held close to the body Tension or anxietyThe open hands, palms up "I'm innocent" or "give me" or "forgive me" Both hands raised up and facing the audience "I give up" or "I surrender"Tilt the hand and palm down and extend the arm "I bless" or "I give"Pat on the head Blessing or love and givingClap hands To show approval or call someone or getattentionbring our finger to our lips; scratch or rub our heads; slap our heads; take our head in both hands to sort of clear our minds3. ConclusionA sampling of; we pull an ear; we cross our legs; who don't communicate with body language; writers; frowns, scratches his chin, slaps his head, purses his lips, stares at the ceiling and throws up his arms.【原文】Let's talk about body language. You already "speak" it and "read" it. Body language is all of the small facial expressions, hand gestures and body movements that we make. We may not realize it, but each movement and expression says something about our feelings.In fact, we might say that body language is the clearest and most common way Of communicating our feelings directly to others. We all know the most obvious body "statements": We wave our hands in greeting, we shake hands, pat each other on the back, we hug friends and kiss loved ones. We smile, we laugh, we wink and we frown, and sometimes we cry. All of these gestures are called non-verbal communication (non-verbal means we do not use words to "say" what we feel.)Normally, we don't think very much about our body language. Our facial expressions and gestures are automatic and unconscious most of the time. But researchers tell us we might learn to under-stand each other a little better if we paid conscious attention to the hidden messages in body language. Let's consider a few of the more obvious facial, hand and body gestures.The human face is wonderfully rich in its ability to express feelings. The eyes, the eyebrows, the lips and the facial muscles are all capable of "saying" things.For example, we speak of "wide-eyed wonder". If the eyes open wide, that may mean surprise, wonder, excitement or sometimes fear. And that is an important thing to remember about body language--one element alone does not tell us everything. We have to see gestures in Combination. So wide eyes alone would not tell us whether the person was surprised, pleased or scared, but when we see wide eyes, a little smile and a slight tilt of the head, we understand that the person is "wonderfully pleased"."Squinty" eyes, tight lips, and the head pushed forward probably suggest anger or hostility.Half-closed eyes may suggest fatigue, boredom or indifference. But add a lowered tilt of the head, a fluttering of the eyelids and a slight smile, and we get a coy and flirtatious message.Strangely enough, one of the eye features over which we have very little control--the size of our pupils--says something about our interest in a subject. If we like something, our pupils get larger. Studies show that most men think a woman with large pupils is more "attractive" than the same woman with small pupils. But the men aren't really conscious of the pupils. They just know they like the "looks" better in the samples with large pupils. No wonder eye make-up is so popular.Eyebrows are almost like signal flags: one brow up, one down suggests doubt, disbelief or uncertainty. Both up means surprise or mistrust. Squeeze them together and we get a frown or scowl.The lips shape non-verbal as well as verbal messages. The smile is the most obvious, but try baring the teeth just on one side or pull the lips tightly across the teeth and the smile becomes a snarl and a threat. In this, and in many of our other body gestures, we are close to the animals.The lower lip by itself can say little things. The "pout" is a fat lower lip pushed way out. It means "I'm not happy because I'm not getting what I want." But if we tuck the lower lip into our mouth and bite it, we are conveying anxiety and fear. Licking the lips is a "dry mouth" gesture which usually means stress or anxiety.There are whole books written on hand gestures, and, in fact, hand or sign language has often been highly developed, especially as an aid to the deaf. But the routine hand language, such as pointing with the index finger to accuse someone, or the clenched fist beating in the air to threaten someone, is familiar to us all. But a clenched fist held close to the body usually meanstension or anxiety while the open hands, palms up may mean "I'm innocent" or "give me" or "forgive me".Both hands raised up and facing the audience means "I give up" or "I surrender". But tilt the hands and palm down and extend the arm and it means "I bless" or "I give". The "pat on the head" is a kind of blessing or gesture of love and giving. We clap hands to indicate approval or in some cases to call someone or get attention.When the hands get very busy we say that someone "talks with his hands" and among certain individuals and cultures it is almost impossible to talk without a wild display of hand motions.If we are slightly puzzled by something, we may bring our finger to our lips. If it's a real puzzler, we scratch or rub our heads. If we do something wrong, we slap our heads. To start allover something, we often begin by taking our head in both hands to sort of clear our minds and "set our head on straight".These are only a sampling of the many types of body language. There are books which discuss everything from the way we pull an ear to the way we cross our legs. From the looks of things, the only people who don't communicate with body language are the writers. Readers never get to see how often the writer frowns, scratches his chin, slaps his head, purses his lips, stares at the ceiling and throws up his arms.Task 8In contemporary English, there are many reported differences in the talk of males and females . In same gender pairs having conversations, women generally discuss their personal feelings more than men . Men appear to prefer non-personal topics such as sport and news . Men tend to respond to mention personal experiences that match or connect with the other woman’s . There is a pattern documented in the American English social context of women cooperating and seeking connection via language, whereas men are more competitive and concerned with power via language . In mixed-gender pairs having conversations, the rate of men interrupting women is substantially greater than he reverse. Women are reported to use more expressions associated with tentativeness , such as “hedges”(sort of , kind of ) and “tags”(isn’t it ? , don’t you ?) , when expressing an opinion : Well ,erm , I think that golf is kind of boring , don’t you ?。

Task 1【答案】A.1) She wanted to see St. Paul‟s Cathedral.2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike.3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers.4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked as if theywere wearing a uniform.5) No, he didn‟t.6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world” to prove his opinion.B.If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree,what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash therewould be!【原文】Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral.She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suitsand bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home sheasked Mr clark about these strange creatures. "They must be typical English gentlemen," shesaid." I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they arewearing a uniform. Does the typical English gentleman still exist?"Mr. Clark laughed. "I've never thought about it," he answered." It's true that many of the menwho work in the City of London still wear bowler hate and I suppose they are typical Englishmen.But look at this." Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed at a photo of a young man. "He'sjust as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no such thing as a 'typical' Englishman. Do youknow the English saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world'? That's true of all countries-includingEngland."“Oh, just like the poem …If All the Seas Were One Sea‟,” Gretel began to hum happily.the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the trees were one tree, what a greattree that would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash that would be!”Task 2【答案】A.1) people were much busier2) colder than England; minus thirty degrees; last longer3) much more mountainous; much higher and much more rocky; more beautiful4) tend to be more crowded5) the houses; smallerB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F【原文】John is British but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from Osaka, but she is studyingin Britain. In the following passage you are going to hear, they are comparing life as they see it inthe two countries. But before listening to it, think of the two countries and try to answer thefollowing pre-listening questions.John: I found that living in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work the whole day.Etsuko: Yes, that‟s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know,summer in Japan is just horrible. It‟s very, very humid and hot, and you need to shower three timesa day.John: So you find it cooler in England?Etsuko: Yes, that‟s right.John: Where I was living in Japan, in the North, it was much colder than England, especially inwinter, minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter inEngland?Etsuko: No, I don‟t think so. December, January, February, March.John: Yes. It‟s a little bit shorter if anything.Etsuko: Ever since I came here, I noticed that the countryside here in England is very beautiful.John: It‟s much flatter than in Japan.Etsuko: Yes. Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots ofpeople in a limited flat area.John: Yes, I found Japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. Themountains are much higher and much more rocky. I found it more beautiful than Britain, I think.Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains.John: And therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded.Etsuko: Yes, that‟s right.John: Yes. So because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don‟t they?Etsuko: Yes, they are very compact, and we don‟t have a lot of space. In big cities we have a lot oftaller buildings now.John: Is this a problem because there are more earthquakes in Japan?Etsuko: Yes, that‟s right and…Task 3【答案】A.1) In the US, people usually dance just to enjoy themselves; they don‟t invite other people towatch them.2) Usually eight people dance together.3) Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side of the square.4) He usually makes it into a song.5) They wear old-fashioned clothes.B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TC.1) eight people form a square; on each side of the square2) what they should do; makes it into a song; sings it3) don‟t have much time to think4) old-fashioned clothes【原文】Rosa: Why don‟t you have folk dances in the United States? Most countries have special dancesthat the people have done for many years. The dancers wear clothes from the old days. Everyone likes to watch them dance.Steve: We have folk dances, too. A lot of people belong to folk dancing groups. But when theydance, they usually do it just to enjoy themselves. They don‟t invite other people towatch them.Rosa: Is there a folk dancing group here?Steve: I think so. There must be. There‟s one in almost every city, and some bigcities haveseveral.Rosa: What are the dances like?Steve: Usually eight people dance together, four men and four women. When they start, they forma square, with a man and a woman on each side of the square. That‟s why it‟s called square dancing. Then there‟s a man who tells the dancers what they should do. He usually makes it into a song. He sings it while they dance.Rosa: Oh, that should make the dances easy!Steve: Yes, but they are very fast. They don‟t have much time to think. I like to watch them,though. The dancers wear old-fashioned clothes. That makes the dances pretty to watch.Rosa: I‟d like to watch a group dance.Steve: I‟ll take you sometime.Task 4【答案】1) It was a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) They burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck.3) The custom said the brides must wear “something old, something new, something borrowed,and something b lue” to bring good luck.4) Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried to use upthese things before Lent began.5) It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.6) People brought their animals to church. And before the animals went into the church peopledressed them up in flowers and ribbons.【原文】1) On the evening of February 3rd, people in Japanese families took one dried bean for each yearof their age and threw the beans on the floor, shouting "Good luck in! Evil spirits out!" This wasknown as "Setsubun", a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) Before the Chinese Lunar New Year in the old days, many Chinese families burned the pictureof their kitchen god to bring good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day came, they put ancwpicture of the kitchen god on the wall.3) When American women got married, they sometimes followed an old custom in choosing whatto wear on their wedding day. The custom said the bride must wear "something old,somethingnew, something borrowed, and something blue". This was to bring good luck.4) Before Lent (a time on the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti, Italy ate an omelet madewith 1,000 eggs. People could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried touse up these things before Lent began.5) When winter ended in Czech, the children made a straw man called "Smrt", which was a figureof death. They burned it or threw it in the river. After they destroyed it, they carried flowershome to show the arrival of spring.6) January 17th was St. Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day when people brought their animalsto church. But before the animals went into the church, the people dressed them up in flowersand ribbons. This ceremony was to protect people's animals.Task 5【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) TB.Advantages DisadvantagesLots of servants to do the work Terrible life for servantsbeautiful clothes to wear very uncomfortable clotheslots of tea parties boring and formal tea parties — often no menbeing invitedlife being slower much more illnessplenty of time to talk to each other children left with servants all dayvery poor educationno freedom for women【原文】Man: Well, I think life used to be much more fun than it is now. I mean, look at the Victorians.They had lots of servants to do all the work; they never had to do any cooking or cleaning;they just wore those beautiful dresses and went to tea parties.Woman: You must be joking! Their clothes were terribly uncomfortable and their tea parties werevery formal and boring. They used to wear their hats and long gloves even when they were eating cakes and biscuits. And men were not usually invited.Man: Really? Weren't they?Woman: And think of the poor servants. What a terrible life — just cleaning and cooking for otherpeople all the time!Man: But you hate housework!Woman: Yes, I know, but there are lots of machines now to help you with the housework. Peopledon't need servants.Man: Maybe they don't, but life then was much slower than it is now-people nowadays arealways rushing, and they never have time to stop and enjoy themselves.Woman: Life then was fine for the rich, but it was dreadful for the poor. There was much moreillness. They didn't have the money to pay doctors, and they often used to die of illnessesthat don't exist in England now.Man: Maybe. But people used to talk to each other, play the piano or play cards together.Nowadays people just sit in front of the television for hours and never talk to each other.Woman: I agree with you about television; but what about their children? They left their Childrenwith the servants all day. Children hardly ever saw their parents! And the clothes they hadto wear! Horrible, tight, uncomfortable, grown-up clothes. Children have a much betterlife now than they used to, and schools and education are much better too. Man: I hate school.Woman: And look at opportunities for women. In those days, women used to stay at home, playthe piano, change their clothes several times a day and have tea parties. What a life! Theydidn't have any freedom at all. I'm very happy living now. I can work, have a career, dowhat I want to.Man: You mean you can work hard all your life like a Victorian servant. Woman: Life isn't all tea parties, you know.Task 6【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) c 4) aB.1) family unit; process; change; used to be; the extended; the nuclear2) job patterns; progressed; agricultural; industrial; forced; job opportunities; split up3) traditional; family; expanded; other living arrangementsC.1) mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the samehouse or nearby2) only the parents and the children3) previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family【原文】The American family unit is in the process of change. There used to be mainly two types offamilies: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family most often included mother, father,children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Thenas job patterns changed and the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people wereforced to move to different parts of the country for job opportunities. These moves split up theextended family. The nuclear family became more prevalent; this consisted of only the parents andthe children. Now besides these two types of traditional groupings, the word "family" is beingexpanded to include a variety of other living arrangements.Today's family can be made up of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one intwo, there is an increase in single parent homes: a father or mother living with one or morechildren. "Blended families" occur when previously married men and women marry again andcombine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, some couplesare deciding not to have any children at all, so there is an increase in childless families. There arealso more people who live alone: single, widowed, divorced. Now one in five Americans livesalone.Task 7【答案】A.Men Women BothStudy subjects like history or English√Study engineering √Go to university to get good jobs√Look for a good job because they want a good husband√Look for a good job because they want to be successful √Work for a lifetime √Work up to ten years√Get married by twenty-seven√Cook the meals√Look after the children√Go out for a drink after work √Come home by four o'clock in the afternoon√B.1) c 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) c【原文】In Japan both men and women go to university and both men and women study the arts suchas history or English. But very few women study science, medicine or engineering. In engineeringclasses of thirty or forty students, there may be only one or two women. Men and women both goto university in order to get good jobs: men want to work for a big company, be successful, earn alot of money and support a family; women, on the other hand, want to work for a big companybecause they have a better chance of meeting a successful man and getting married. This ischanging, however, as Japanese women begin to think about their own careers. They have beganto take jobs which they like rather than jobs in order to find a husband.Men work for their whole lives and usually stay with the same company. A woman may workup to ten years, but after that she usually gets married. Most women are married by the age oftwenty seven, then they stay at home and look after the children. A man does not cook or lookafter the children. When he comes home, his meal must be ready. The woman may go out in theafternoon, shopping with her friends or having a chat, but she must go back home by four o'clockto prepare the meal. Then she may have to wait a long time for her husband to comehome. Oftenhe has to go out for a drink after work: if he doesn't he may not rise very high in the company.After her children grow up, a woman can go back to work, but it is not easy. If her formercompany takes older women back, she might be lucky. But most women find it difficult to find ajob when they are older.Task 8【答案】A.1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) bB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F【原文】Matthew: Geth, how do people set about getting married in England?Geth: I suppose the most common way is still for people to go home. For example, people wholive in London now will go back to their homes in the provinces where they'll meet alltheir relatives and their parents, and they'll get married in a church, with the bridewearing white, the traditional white. Then they'll go off and have a booze-up with theirrelatives and friends and a jolly good time will be had by all. Otherwise you can getmarried in a registry office, which means you turn up with your bride-to-be or bridegroom-to-be with two witnesses only. The ceremony takes about five minutes, Isuppose. You sign the form and that's it.Matthew: There are many today who say that marriage is a complete waste of time. What's yourview of marriage in the twentieth century?Goth: Well, I live in London as you know. I think in London, the tendency is to... for a... boyand girl, man or woman to live together before marriage and often to live together without any prospect of marriage at all. I think this probably is... is true of London andthe other big cities than elsewhere, because after all people in London are living in a bigplace where home ties are obviously less restrictive. They can do more or less as theyplease and I think this is the pattern.Matthew: But do you think it helps for people to live together before taking theirvows?Geth: I think in a sense the habit of living together before marriage may, in a strange sort ofway, make marriage stronger, because after all the people will know each other better when they do get married and it might be suggested that divorce would be less likely between such a couple.Matthew: Sue, you've been married for two or three years now. How's it working out? Sue: I think it's a successful marriage. It's... I mean, it's difficult to say why, because webasically suit each other very much. We have a good friendship, apart from anything else, and, you know, we just go together very well because we respect each other's freedom and individuality, but on the other hand we really need each other, you know, it's...Matthew: What about.., have you thought of having children?Sue: Well, obviously, like most young couples, we have thought about it, but, you know, weboth feel rather, sort of, loath to lose our freedom just yet. I think we'll probably waitanother few years.Matthew: Is it easy in England today to people to get divorced, or is that quite difficult?Chris: I think technically it's probably fairly easy, I think, because I'm not English but, I thinktechnically it's fairly easy to be... to get divorced. But it's not just the technicality of itwhich is the problem. Divorce is... is a social stigma which people can probably Copewith to varying degrees, but it's also a lot easier for the man because the woman, after sheis divorced is, in fact, frowned upon by... by a lot of people in society. She is... is... at a...a much more difficult social position in terms of... of meeting other men, or whatever,simply because she is a divorcee.Task 9【原文】Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change forthe better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a fewyears ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man whothought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a ladywas in the room.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might makeother people feel uncomfortable — especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a richnobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests startedto eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmlypicked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to makehis guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.Unit 2Task 1【答案】1) b 2) a 3) d【原文】Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One goodway to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state havevery different kinds of weather.Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visitLaredo is in winter, when it is pleasantly warm.Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in NewYork, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best timeto visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool.If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you mean？”Task 2【答案】A.1) T 2) F 3) FB.1) d 2) c 3) cC.climate, reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet, clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild【原文】Our friend, Nick, whose English gets better and better, declared solemnly the other day thathe thought that the British climate was wonderful, but the British weather was terrible. He went onto explain by pointing out that the British climate was a temperate one. This meant, he said, "thatyou could always be certain that the weather would never be extreme — at any rate not for anylength of time —never very hot and never very cold." He quite rightly pointed out that the rainfallin Britain, according to the statistics, was not very heavy. "Why then," he asked, "has the Britishclimate such a bad reputation?" He answered by saying it was because of the extraordinary,unreliable weather. There was no part of the year at which you could be certain that the weatherwould be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold as a mild day inJanuary. Indeed you could feel cold at almost any time of the year. Nick blamed drafty Britishhouses for this, but agreed you could also blame the small amount of sunshine and a great amountof dampness. He advised every student coming to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understandthe meaning of that splendid word "drizzle".Task 3【答案】I.the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steamsII.A.1. concrete, iron, steel2. take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at nightB. Warmer winters, car engines; electrical applianceⅢ.A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earthB.1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt2. to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land 【原文】Cities change the climate around you. In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and streams.In hot weather, the trees and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers also cool the areaaround them.But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete,iron, andsteel. There are few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets and into thesewers.When the summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in the heat; after the sun sets, thestreets and buildings throw off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the countryside cools off, buta city may stay hot all night.Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motorrunning, winter or summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the engine. The heat comes fromthe gasoline burned by the engine. This heat warms the air and the ground around the car.Thousands of running cars are almost like thousands of small fires burning. Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity createsa lot of heat. This heat from electricity warms the house and the outside air. The heat given off by cities can affect the climate. Some experts even believe that cities canchange the climate of the whole world. They think that air pollution may stop sunlight fromreaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become cooler. Still other experts think the world will get warmer. If the world did get warmer, great changeswould occur. Ice near the North and South poles would melt. This would make the oceans rise.Cities near oceans —like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami —would slowly be flooded. Peopleliving in these cities would have to move to higher land.Task 4【答案】A.1) b 2) cB. night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, headC.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one of the spectacular and beautiful weather predictors wehave in nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve short-range accuracy ofthe weather as good as, or better than your local weatherman. In the Bible, Jesusin Matthew 16,2-3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in themorning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red” when speaking to the Pharisees. An oldEnglish weather proverb based on this passage is:Red sky at night, sailors delight.Red sky at morning, sailors take warning.OrEvening red and morning gray,Sends the traveler on his way.Evening gray, morning red,Brings the rain down on his head.At dusk, a red sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the sun shiningthrough dust particles being pushed ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry air. A red skyin the morning is due to the sun again shining through dust. In this case however, the dust is beingpushed on by an approaching low reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't confuse a red sky inthe morning with a red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is a normal color, theday will be fair.Task 5【答案】1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c【原文】Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on the river in a raft during lightning storms. We always have a debate at these times on where weare safest — pulling into shore or staying on the water. Since I have heard one is safe in a car when lightning strikes I wonder if the raft floating on the water is insulated, and therefore the safest place to be.Meteorologist A: We spoke with some scientists about your question, and they all agreed thatunder no circumstances should you remain on the water during a lightningstorm. If your raft is made of rubber, you might feel that you're .well insulated, but don't kid yourself. Typical lightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers and can deliver as much as 100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster uses about 10 amps of current. If lightning strikes the water near you, it will have no trouble traveling through a few extra centimeters of rubber.Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to the shore andseek shelter on land. Try a building or car. If neither is available, look for acave,cliff, wall, or a group of trees. Never take shelter under an isolated tree-it's also agood target for lightning.Task 6【答案】 A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) TB.Incredible, one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured【原文】Every spring and summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A tornado is a kind of storm.It's a revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves through the sky at very high speeds. Atornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The speed of a tornadois very fast-it is believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per hour. Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditionsoccur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layerof warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air abovewet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises,both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster andfaster because of centrifugal force. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotatesquickly around this eye.As the air begins to rotate faster and faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; thatis, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone goes down toward the ground. The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer,as the cloud gets closer to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the funnel ofrotating air becomes very dark because of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets longer, it beginsto drag along the ground.When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches theground for only about one minute, and it usually travels along the ground for only。

Unit 6 The MindListening and SpeakingAudio Track 2-6-1A: Do you usually remember or forget things?B: I have a bad memory. I sometimes forget people’s birthdays.A: That’s terrible. I think you should get a diary to help you remember.A: Have you ever been shocked or not able to believe how much someone has changed over time? B: Sure! My childhood friend was very shy. Now, he is a TV actor. I don’t believe it. He’s changed so much!Audio Track 2-6-2Manolo: Galina, let’s get some lunch before our next class.Galina: Okay. Wow, that English test was difficult!Manolo: I know.Galina: For me, the hard part is the vocabulary. I just can’t remember it all.Manolo: Well, there are things you can do ...Audio Track 2-6-3Galina: Really?Manolo: Yeah. One thing I do is label things in English.Galina: What do you mean?Manolo: For example, I write the word chair on a small piece of paper. Then I put the paper on a chair in my house.Galina: Hmmm ... Good idea.Manolo: And here’s another idea: When I learn a w ord, I also learn related words.Galina: For example?Manolo: Well, when I learned the word film, I made a note of a similar word ...Galina: Movie!Manolo: Exactly! Then I added related words like actor and movie star , and verbs like rent and see . Here’s another idea ...Audio Track 2-6-4(Audio Track 2-6-2 + Audio Track 2-6-3)Audio Track 2-6-5/Audio Track 2-6-6Conversation 1Woman: Morning, Simon. Wow, you look tired.Man: Oh, I didn’t sleep very well last night. I had a weird dream. I was in a clas sroom at school, but I didn’t have any clothes on! No one looked at me, but I was really embarrassed. Conversation 2Woman: Jesse, Jesse! Wake up! You’re having a nightmare.Mala child: Oh, what a terrible dream! I dreamed I was on a dark street. Suddenly, there was a large dog behind me. It ran toward me, but I couldn’t move.Woman: Don’t worry, Jesse. It was only a dream. Go back to sleep.Conversation 3Man1: Morning Tim.Man2: Morning. Hey, I had an amazing dream last night. I was on a beautiful boat. The sun was warm and the ocean was really blue. I jumped into the water, and I began to swim with the fish. The thing is, I can’t swim! But in the dream, I could. It was pretty cool.Audio Track 2-6-7/Audio Track 2-6-8/Audio Track 2-6-9I had an amazing dream last night. At first, I was standing outside of a strange big house. The house was painted pink, a very unusual color for a house. It had a lot of big windows, both round and rectangular. The house had large square pillars and twisted columns. I remember thinking that there must be a big living room, several bedrooms, a kitchen, and a guest room in such a big house.I was wondering whose house it was when I suddenly heard a voice saying: “welcome home.” Wow, so this dream house was mine!I went inside and walked into my living room. It was spacious. There were sofas, a table, a big-screen TV, and a stereo system. It was pretty cool. All of my best friends were there, too. But for some reason they didn’t speak, didn’t smile, and didn’t even move. And then suddenly they all disappeared. I was scared. This dream was turning into a nightmare.I then went to the kitchen. It was also spacious. There were all kinds of kitchen equipment such asa gas stove and oven. There were also many electric appliances, such as a refrigerator, a microwave oven, an electric mixer, and a food processor. I liked the food processor the most, those certainly make life much easier. There was also a dining table in the middle of the room. The whole family was sitting around the table, waiting for a meal to be served. The kids were hungry and started to cry. But the gas stove didn’t work and there was no electricity for the microwave oven or the food processor.I wanted to help so I looked in the fridge but it was empty. I started to despair, what more could I do? That’s when I suddenly woke up.Audio Track 2-6-10/Audio Track 2-6-11Scientists know that the brain is very active when a person is sleeping. There are five stages, or parts, of sleep. Stage 1 starts after you fall asleep. If there is a noise or a bright light, you wake up very easily. In Stage 2, your brain waves are very slow. In Stage 3 and Stage 4, you are in deep sleep. It’s very difficult to wake up then. Your body rests and grows during these stages.Stage 5 is when you dream. Your eyes move a lot, and your brain waves are fast. This stage ofsleep is very important for your memory. After Stage 5, you wake up a little, and then Stage 1 starts again. We go through the five stages of sleep four or five times every night, so we have many dreams in one night. How much sleep do you need? The answer depends on your age. Babies should sleep fifteen to sixteen hours every day. Children and teenagers need nine or ten hours of sleep, but older people only need six to eight hours. If you sleep for only four hours one night, you may just feel tired the next day. But many nights of bad sleep can be bad for your health. People who don’t get enough sleep get sick more often. And sleep is very important for learning. It’s one reason why students should go to bed early!Audio Track 2-6-12For centuries, people have asked: Why do we dream? What do our dreams mean? Today, science doesn’t have definite answers to these questions, but we do know some things about dreams. First, we all dream, often four to five times a night. Second, we don’t usually remember most of our dreams. And finally, when we dream, our brains are very active.Thousands of years ago, people began to study dreams. In many cultures, people believed dreams were messages from spirits or gods. Later, the ancient Greeks and Romans had a new idea: Dreams come from a person’s mind. Doctors studied dreams to help sick or worried people.Audio Track 2-6-13/Audio Track 2-6-14In the past, some cultures used dreams to predict the future. They thought dreams could help a person choose a husband or wife, guess a baby’s birthday, or start a business. In some places, this practice is still common.Today, scientists think dreams are about our thoughts and feelings. Our minds send us messages about our lives. Unfortunately, many messages are often strange or confusing. People wake up and think: What did that dream mean?So, how can you understand the messages in your dreams? Think about the events in the dream. What do they say about your life? For example, one common dream is about flying. Sometimes this dream means you feel free or want freedom. Other times it means you feel afraid. What do your dreams tell you about your life?Audio Track 2-6-15/t/ /d/ /id/watched studied waitedwished explained handedAudio Track 2-6-161. I liked the movie.2. They moved to Tokyo.3. It started to rain.4. She reminded me of you5. Grandma hugged us.6. We laughed loudly.7. We enjoyed the visit.8. Nobody believed us.9. Dad stopped at a store.10. We asked directions.11. They memorized the song.12. I hated math class.Audio Track 2-6-17Mia: Come on, Justin. Let’s go. The concert starts in an hour.Justin: OK, I’m coming.Mia: Do you have the tickets?Justin: Yes, they’re here in my jacket. Oh, wait a minute.Mia: What’s wrong?Justin: I can’t find the tickets. They’re not in my pocket.Mia: Oh no! Where are they? Are they in the desk?Justin: I don’t think so.Mia: Try to remember. Maybe they’re in your backpack.Justin: Wait … I found them. They were in my other jacket. Let’s go.Audio Track 2-6-18A: Are the people at their ten-year college reunion?B: Definitely, there is a “ten-year reunion” banner in the picture.A: Are you certain? I didn't notice it.B: I am certain.A: Are there six men in the picture?B: I’m not sure.A: Is there a bottle on the table?B: Sure, there IS a bottle on the table.Audio Track 2-6-19A: What did your dream house look like?B: My dream house was light blue. I liked the color. The house was huge, and it had a lot of windows. The windows were all open.A: I think that shows you have a big, outgoing and open personality.A: What did the living room look like?B: It was the most spacious room in the house and my grandma was there. She was sitting on a comfortable sofa watching a big-screen TV.A: I think that means you care about your grandma and you want her to feel comfortable.When I was a small kid I often dreamed that I was a grown-up and that my favorite movie star was in love with me. The weird thing is that I can't remember exactly how we met or what we said to one another.Recently, I had a terrible nightmare. I remember it vividly. A gigantic dinosaur with huge claws was chasing me, and it very nearly caught me. It was unusual because I felt so scared that I screamed and woke up.Video CourseVideo Track 2-6-1Agnes: I have a very good memory when it comes to faces and images and drawings and things like that. I don’t remember numbers very well. I even forget m y ATM code sometimes. Alyssa: I can usually remember people’s names when they tell me. However I can’t remember numbers very well. I need to write down the telephone numbers when people tell them to me. Daniel: I have a good memory for numbers especially phone numbers. I usually only need to hear it once. I have a bad memory for foreign languages.Gian: I have a bad memory for names so I try to use a characteristic to remind me. Such as Becky is blonde — Becky blonde. Tom is tall — Tom tall.Dan: Usually I have a good memory but sometimes I have problems remembering names. Sometimes I have to say to people “Hey Bro. Hey Sis.”Video Track 2-6-2Gian: I have a bad memory for names so I try to use a characteristic to remind me. Such as Becky is blonde — Becky blonde. Tom is tall — Tom tall.Dan: Usually I have a good memory but sometimes I have problems remembering names. Sometimes I have to say to people “Hey Bro. Hey Sis.”Video Track 2-6-3Dave: When I was a small kid I had a dream that I swam to Europe and bought cheese and swam back home. The cheese tasted great.Malinda: Last night I had a nightmare that I was lost in the forest and I forgot where I was and when I woke up I was very afraid and I ran out of my room.Alyssa: Last night I had a dream about a friend who’s living very far away from me. When I woke up I felt sad because I miss her.Woo Sung: After I saw Jurassic Park I had a dream that dinosaurs were chasing me and it was really scary.Dan: I had a strange dream where a bird ate me. It was really weird.Alyssa: Last night I had a dream about a friend who’s living very far away from me. When I woke up I felt sad because I miss her.Video Track 2-6-5Claudia: Hi!Roberto: Hi.Claudia: What’s the matter?Roberto: I had a really strange dream last night.Claudia: Really? Do you remember it?Roberto: I think so … maybe … I don’t know. But it was really weird.Claudia: Come on! Try.Roberto: Well I remember … in my dream it was daytime, and I was in my pajamas … and I saw a man in the street. I stopped and asked him where to buy a ticket.Claudia: A ticket? A ticket for what?Roberto: I don’t know!Claudia: And then what happened?Roberto: I’m not sure … but I remember that I began talking to him, and I really enjoyed it. We laughed a lot. He reminded me of someone …Claudia: Yeah, and then?Roberto: … and then he hugged me! And it was Mike!Claudia: No! Really? Do you remember anything else?Roberto: No, but something else happened. I’m sure of it.Claudia: Oh, think!Roberto: I got i t! We talked some more … and then …he shook my hand … and then … he began to dance … like this!Claudia: Oh, like a ballet dancer?Roberto: Yeah. And then … I woke up.Claudia: This is so scary …Roberto: Why? What are those?Claudia: They were a surprise. I got us two tickets to a show tonight … the New York City Ballet.Video Track 2-6-6Claudia: Hi!Roberto: Hi.Claudia: What’s the matter?Roberto: I had a really strange dream last night.Claudia: Really? Do you remember it?Roberto: I think so … maybe… I don’t know. But it was really weird.Claudia: Come on! Try.Roberto: Well I remember … in my dream it was daytime, and I was in my pajamas … and I sawa man in the street. I stopped and asked him where to buy a ticket.Video Track 2-6-7Claudia: And then what happened?Roberto: I’m not sure … but I remember that I began talking to him, and I really enjoyed it. We laughed a lot. He reminded me of someone …Claudia: Yeah, and then?Roberto: … and then he hugged me! And it was Mike!Claudia: No! Really? Do you remember anything else?Roberto: No, but something else happened. I’m sure of it.Claudia: Oh, think!Video Track 2-6-8Roberto: I got it! We talked some more … and then … he shook my hand … and then … he began to dance …like this!Claudia: Oh, like a ballet dancer?Roberto: Yeah. And then … I woke up.Claudia: This is so scary …Roberto: Why? What are those?Claudia: They were a surprise. I got us two tickets to a show tonight … the New York City Ballet.。

Unit 6 听力原文Part IB1. Tell me about yourself.2. What do you think are your strengths and weaknesses?3. We have a lot of applicants for this job, why should we appoint you?4. What has been your most valuable experience?5. How would you describe your personality?6. When did you last lose your temper? Describe what happened.7. Which is more important to you: status or money?8. How long do you think you’d stay with us if you were appointed?9. Why do you want to leave your present job?10. What makes you think you’d enjoy working for us?11. Are you an ambitious person?12. What would you like to be doing ten years from now?13. What are you most proud of having done in your present job?14. What was the worst problem you have had in your present job and how didyou solve it?15. What is the best idea you’ve had in the past month?16. What is your worst fault and what is your best quality?17. Don’t you think you’re a little young for this job?18. What are your long-range goals?19. Describe your present job — what do you find rewarding about it?20. Now, what do you do in your spare time?21. What excites you about the job you’re doing now?22. What worries you about the job you’re doing now?23. Describe your ideal boss.24. How would you rate your present boss?C1. A person who likes to give or share things with others.2. Someone who always tells the truth.3. A person who is quick at learning new things.4. Someone who is always on time.5. A person who can’t keep a secret.6. Someone who does not think about other people’s feeling.7. A person who speaks in a very direct and honest way.8. Someone who is educated or has good manners.9. A person who comes up with new and original ideas.10. Someone who has a strong desire to succeed.Part II Two girls talking on the phoneClara: That number has been engaged for ages. Nobody can be that popular. I wonder if her number’s been changed. I think I’ll try again (Dialling) Sue: 3346791Clara: Is that you sue?Sue: Who’s callingClara: This is Clara, Clara Fulkson. Don’t you remember me?Sue: Clara! Of course I remember you. How are you? I haven’t heard from you for at least 2 years. What are you doing?Clara: Nothing very exciting. That’s one reason I’m ringing. I need some advice.Sue: Advice? Hm...That’s a good one. I’ve just been sacked (Pips)Clara:There’s (a) pips. Hang on Sue. (Insert a coin) What do you mean you’ve just been sacked? Sue, you are the most successful woman I know.Sue: That’s probably why I’ve been sacked. But let’s talk about you. You said you needed some advice.Clara: I certainly do. I want to ask you about interviews. Have you had (a) lots of them?Sue: Yes, I have. Too manyClara: So could you tell me the sort of questions you are usually asked? Sue: Let me think. The first ten questions are almost always the same. I call them the why’s, how’s and where’s.(pips again)Clara: Not again, Don’t go away, Sue, I’ve got one more coin. (Insert one more coin) Are you there Sue?Sue: Yes, I’m still here?Clara: Sorry, I didn’t understand what you were telling me. Could you repeat it?Sue: It’s very boring. But here you are. I’m always asked: why I want to leave my present job; why I’m interested in the new job; how I intend to get to work; how long I intend to stay at the job; Where I live; where I went to school; how much I ‘m paid in my present job; how much I expect to be paid in the new job. Oh, yes. I’m always asked if I’m married.(pips again)Clara:That is it, Sue. No more coins. I’ll write to you soon. And many thanks.Questions:1. What are the manes of the two speakers?2. Where might the caller make the phone call?3. How many coins did the caller insert?4. How long haven’t the two girls seen each other for?5. How many why’s, how’s and where’s can you remember? Place a tick by all the questions you can remember.Part III A good interviewA.Interviewer: Good morning, Miss ...Miss Jones: Miss Jones.Interviewer: Miss Jones, yes, right. Now, you’d like to join our team, I gather.Miss Jones: Yes, I would.Interviewer: That’s very good. I’d like to know a little bit about you. Perhaps you could tell me a little bit about your education.Miss Jones: Oh yes. I left school at 18 and for the first two years I went to Gibsons. They’re an engineering firm. And after that, I did a one-year full-time PA course and went back to Gibsons. I was PA to the Export Director. I stayed there for two years and then moved on to my present company. That’s Europa Marketing. And I’ve been with them for three years now, first working with the Marketing Director and now I’m with the Sales Director.Interviewer: That’s all very interesting, Miss Jones. I’d like to know what was the course that you enjoyed most at school?Miss Jones: Foreign languages. We did French and German. Interviewer: And are you quite fluent in those languages now or ...?Miss Jones: Yes, a bit rusty now, but obviously the more travel I can do the more I can use my languages and I’d like to learn another language. I’d like to add Italian as well.Interviewer: Italian?Miss Jones: Yes.Interviewer:Very good, that might be very useful. Now tell me a little bit about the work you’re doing at present.Miss Jones:Well Europa Marketing is a marketing and public relationscompany and they do consultancy work for companies operating in the UK and European markets. Our clients come from all over the world. I assist the sales director by arranging these visits, setting up meetings and presentations and I deal with her correspondence. I’ve not been able to go with her on any of her trips abroad, but I’ve been to the firms in this country, several times on my own to make these arrangements. Interviewer: It sounds as if you’re very happy there, Miss Jones. I’m curious why you’d like to leave them and join our company.Miss Jones: Well I know Anglo-European has a very good reputation. And I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. I might be able to travel and use my languages because at the moment most of my work is rather routine secretarial-type work and I like the idea of more challenges in my life really ...B.Interviewer: Good morning, Miss ...Miss Jones: Miss Jones. Good morning.Interviewer: Miss Jones, yes, right. Hi. Um ... now, you’d like to join our team, I gather.Miss Jones: Yes, I would.Interviewer: That’s ... that’s very good. Er ... I’d like to know a little bit about you. Perhaps you could tell me ... perhaps we could start ... if you could tell me a little bit about your education.Miss Jones: Oh yes, right. Well, I left school at 18 and for the first two years I went to Gibsons, you might know them, they’re an engineering firm.(An, yes, right.) Um ... and after that, I wanted to do a course, so I d ... I did a one-year full-time PA course and went back to Gibsons. I was PA to the Export Director. I stayed there for another two years and ... and then I moved on to my present company. Um ... that’s Europa Marketing ... um ... Mr. Adair, the marketing director, offered me a job because Gibsons had ... had worked quite a lot with Europa Marketing. (Oh, yes, Europe’s got big business.) And I’ve been with them for three years now ... um ...first with the Marketing Director and ... and now I’m with the Sales Director.Interviewer:That’s all very interesting, Miss Jones. Um ... I ... I’d like to know, what did you enjoy most at school? What was the course that you enjoyed most?Miss Jones: Ah ... foreign languages I liked best. (Foreign languages.) We did French and German. Yes.Interviewer: Mhm. And are you quite fluent in those now or ... ?Miss Jones: Yes, a bit rusty now, but ... um ... obviously the more travel I can do the more I can use my languages and I’d like to learn another language. I’d like to add Italian as well.Interviewer: Italian?Miss Jones: Yes.Interviewer: Very good, very good, that ... that might be very useful. Now ...er ... tell me a little bit about ... er ... the work you’re doing at present. Miss Jones: Um ... well ... er ... Europa Marketing is a marketing and public ...public relations company and they do ... they do consultancy work for companies operating in the UK and European markets. Er ... our clients come from all over the world ... um ... we deal with some of them by ... by post, but most of them come to our offices and at least once during a project. I assist the sales director by arranging these visits, setting up meetings and presentations and I ... I deal with her correspondence. I’ve not been able to go with her on any ... on any of her trips abroad, but I ...I’ve been to firms in this country, several times on my own ... um ... to make these arrangements.Interviewer: It sounds as if you’re very happy there, Miss Jones. I’m curious why you’d like to leave them and join our company.Miss Jones: Well ... um ... I know the reputation of Anglo-European and it hasa very good reputation. And I feel that I would have more scope andopportunity in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. I might be able to possibly travel and use my languages because at the moment most of my work is ... is rather routine secretarial-type work and I like the idea of more ... um ... challenges in my life really ...Part ⅣAAt interview the first thing that I notice is how the person settles down, and when they sit down. Do they immediately rush into the room, grab a chair without being invited to sit down? Are they nervous? Do they spend a lot of time fiddling with their hands, brushing their hair back, holding their pen, tapping it on the table? Obviously everyone is nervous at interview and you make allowances for that, but if it continues throughout the whole interview then you have to ask yourself what will they be like in a normaljob?Second thing that I look for is: Do they look at you? Do they make eye contact? Because if they won’t look at you in a job which depends on making a good impression, then probably in the job they won’t do very well in terms of making contact and having good relations with other colleagues. The sort of person normally we would look for would be someone who was, open, outgoing, enthusiastic and who could talk intelligently about what they had done and what they hoped to do. That doesn’t mean that they have to have had a lot of experience but that they should be able to reflect on whatever experience they’ve had.The other kinds of things that we might talk about in an interview of course are what the person expects to get from a new job, and I think that it is important because it shows the expectations that the person has-what they want from their job. It’s interesting to hear why people want to change jobs. B... But as important as qualifications are, and you won’t get to an interview or at least people won’t get to an interview without the qualifications, the most important thing in fact is the character and how a person presents themselves at interview. I find it very difficult to define exactly the sort of person I am looking for, but when I meet someone I can tell whether they are the sort of person that I would like to appoint or whether they are not.At interview the first thing that I notice is how the person settles down, when they sit down. Do they immediately rush into the room, grab a chair without being invited to sit down? Are they nervous? Um, do they spend a lot of time fiddling with their hands, brushing their hair back, er holding their pen, tapping it on the table? Obviously everyone is nervous at interview and you make allowances for that, but if it continues throughout the whole interview then of course you have to ask yourself if they’re like this after, say, an hour of interview, what will they be like in a normal job?Second thing that I look for is: Do they look at you? Do they make eye contact? Because if they won’t look at you in a job where in, in a situation where a job depends on, on them making a good impression, then probably in the job they won’t do very well in terms of making, er, good, making contact with other colleagues, making, having good relations with other colleagues. The sort of person normally we would look for would be someone who was, open, outgoing, enthusiastic and who could talk intelligently about what theyhad done and what they hoped to do. That doesn’t mean that they have to have had a lot of experience but that they should be able to reflect on whatever experience they’ve had.The other kinds of, of um things that we might talk about in an interview of course are what, er what the person expects to get from a new job in a new country, and that I think is important because it shows the expectations that the person has — what they want from their job. Um it’s interesting to hear why people want to change jobs, why they want to go to a new country.Part V Who’ll Get the Job?(Jane Langley is being interviewed by Mrs. Grey, the Personnel Manager, and Mr. Toms. )Mr. Toms: Yes, I see. Good. Good.Mrs. Grey: Miss Langley, I see that your last employer, Mr. Carmichaes, described you as “conscientious”. Do you think you are?Jane: Well, I certainly try to be. I have a set routine for the day in the office which means that I know exactly all the jobs that I have to do. And if conscientious means being exrtemely careful and paying attention to detail, then yes, I suppose I’m conscientious.Mr. Toms: But he said too that you could ‘adapt quickly to change’. Did you leave because they were making changes, or what?Jane: No, not at all. They made a lot of changes while I was there. I’m afraid I became unhappy because I wanted something more challenging.Mrs. Grey: I assume you wanted something like the job of Senior Secretary that we’re offering.Jane: Yes, that’s right.(Michael James is being interviewed now by the same two people. ) Mrs. Grey: ...and according to your last employer, Mr. Smith, you ‘tend to bea little impatient at times’.Michael:Well, perhaps I am, perhaps I’m not. Some of the others in the office there were so slow!Mr. Toms: Yes, yes. I like a person who wants to get on with the job. Mrs. Grey: Mr. James, what I’d like to know is ...Mr. Toms: Excuse me, Mrs. Grey, but I wanted to ask Mr. James about his sport. You’re a keen footballer, I understand.Michael: Oh, yes. I play regularly twice a week. And I organised a team at my old place.Mr. Toms: And golf, too, I gather.Michael:Yes. Actually, I like golf better than football really. That’s why I play nearly every morning ...(Mrs. Grey and Mr. Toms are now discussing Jane and Michael after the interviews.)Mrs. Grey: ... so in my view, when you compare the two of them — and this has nothing to do with Jane being a woman — I’d give the job to Jane Langley. She’s obviously a better secretary than he is, she’s a much better typist, she mixes better with people and is clearly far more polite. We don’t even need to discuss Mr. James.Mr. Toms:Well, we do, because I think he’s brighter than Miss Langley. I know he doesn’t dress as well or speak as clearly, and he’s not as experienced as she is, but he’s quicker, more alert. And he’s keen on football and golf. I like that. So he gets the job.Mrs. Grey: No, I’m sorry, Mr. Toms. He doesn’t.Mr. Toms: Yes, he does, Mrs. Grey. He’s the Director’s nephew.。