英语修辞简介
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:149.95 KB
- 文档页数:6
一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格,首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同,然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
英语修辞格种类很多,但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。
(一)音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)顾名思义,音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance。
Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法,与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
如:She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节(或其他重读音节)具有同样的字母或声音。
如:Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration)皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。
Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间,有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
前者与汉语的双声(汉语中两个或多个音节,声母相同,叫做双声,它不是辞格)相似,后者与汉语的叠韵(两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同)非常相似。
如:With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.怀着这个信念,我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。
英语中的45种修辞(1)alliteration(押头韵):一组单词的第一个辅音相同,比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。
▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.(2)anacoluthon(错格):句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构,比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。
▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science?(3)anadiplosis(联珠):将一个或一组单词重复多遍,比如例句中的servants。
▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.(4)anaphora(首语重复):将一个句子的开头单词或短语,在随后的句子中重复多遍,比如例句中的we shall fight。
▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.(5)anastrophe(词序倒装): 改变正常词序,比如例句中最后一部分,正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。
▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.(6)antistrophe(逆反复):在每个句子的结尾,重复相同的单词或短语,比如例句中的without warning。
英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存有于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
修辞格是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。
)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如:He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.借代(metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似,但有密切关系时,可以利用这种关系,以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物,这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”;而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻,借喻或借代。
The buses in America are on strike now.(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。
The pen is mightier than the sword.(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。
She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。
He always keeps a good table, and one gets plenty to eat and drink in his house. (table代替wine&food) 提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...” 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。
19种英语修辞手法简单介绍19种英语修辞手法简单介绍除了最常见的明喻、暗喻、拟人,英语中还有很多修辞手法。
有一些可能是你经常见到却没有意识到的。
下面是店铺带来的19种英语修辞手法简单介绍,希望对你有帮助。
英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
雨水节气的农耕智慧中国农民的雨水利用方法雨水节气的农耕智慧:中国农民的雨水利用方法雨水是农业生产的重要水源之一,尤其对于中国这样一个农耕大国来说,如何合理利用雨水资源对于农民们来说是至关重要的。
在中国的大部分地区,雨水节气是一个重要的农事节点,决定了农民们的田间管理和种植策略。
本文将介绍中国农民历经千年积累的雨水利用方法,展示他们智慧而实用的农耕技巧。
1. 水田灌溉系统水稻是中国的主要粮食作物之一,而对于水稻来说,充足的水源是保证其正常生长的关键。
中国农民采用了一套精细的水田灌溉系统,通过合理的水位控制和水流导向,实现了对水稻田的科学灌溉。
他们利用雨水季节的降雨量,实现多级灌溉,将水分合理地供应到每一块田地上,从而保证了水稻的正常生长。
2. 雨水收集池在雨季来临之前,中国农民会准备好雨水收集池,将雨水有序地储存起来。
这些收集池通常是由土坯或砖石修筑而成,具备良好的防渗透性能。
雨季来临时,农民们将这些池塘打开,及时收集雨水,用以灌溉农田或者家庭生活用水。
这种雨水收集池的利用可以有效利用雨水资源,减少水资源的浪费。
3. 雨水利用于饮水中国的一些地区缺水问题比较突出,而雨季是保证饮水的重要时期。
中国农民会利用各种方式将雨水收集起来,用于日常饮水。
他们可以设置雨水收集罐,将雨水储存起来,并经过简单的过滤处理后进行饮用。
这种利用雨水的智慧帮助农民们解决了饮水困难问题,提高了生活质量。
4. 收集雨水用于灌溉果树和蔬菜中国农民还采用雨水灌溉果树和蔬菜的方法,确保农作物在雨季期间得到充足的水源供应。
他们会利用土坡和沟渠,将雨水引导至果树和蔬菜周围的土壤中,实现灌溉。
同时,他们还会选择适宜的果树和蔬菜品种,以适应雨季的降雨量和湿度,提高产量和质量。
5. 雨水合理种植周期在雨季到来的时候,中国农民会合理调整种植周期,尽可能利用雨水增加作物的生长量。
例如,他们会选择在雨季之前播种,并在雨季期间接收雨水灌溉,以提高作物生长速度和产量。
英语修辞法18种1. 明喻(Simile)明喻是指为了鲜明地刻画某一事,将具有某种共同特征的两种事物加以对比。
它由本体、喻体和比喻词组成。
常用的比喻词有as、like、as if、as though、as... as、similar to、to bear a resemblance to等等。
明喻能使深奥的哲理变得浅显易懂。
A man without religion is like a horse without a bridle.人无信仰,犹如马无缰绳。
Fire is as hurtful as healthful.火能成灾,也能造福。
Use a book as a bee does flowers.读书如蜜蜂采蜜。
Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.没有学识的机智犹如没有果实的树。
Beauty without virtue is like a rose without scent.美而无德犹如花无香味。
2. 暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻亦称为“隐喻”,它同明喻一样,也是在两个不同类对象之间进行比喻,区别在于:明喻把本体和喻体说成是相似的,而暗喻则把两者说成是一致的;明喻中有比喻词,而暗喻中不用比喻词。
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.好书如相伴终生的挚友。
A dwarf on a giant’s shoulders sees the farther of the two.侏儒站在巨人的肩上,会看得更远。
Fire is a good servant but a bad master.火是忠仆,用之不慎成灾主。
A word spoken is an arrow let fly.出口的话如同离弦的箭。
A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime.一日为师,终身为父。
英语常见8种修辞手法说明修辞手法是英语写作中常用的表达技巧,通过运用恰当的修辞手法,可以使文章更加生动、有趣,增强表达的效果和吸引读者的注意力。
下面是英语常见的8种修辞手法的说明:1. 比喻(Metaphor)比喻是将一个事物与另一个事物进行类比,以便更好地揭示事物的特点或隐含含义。
通过比喻,可以使描述更具有形象感和感染力。
例如:"She is a shining star in the world of art."(她是艺术界的一颗闪亮之星)2. 暗示(Allusion)暗示是通过间接提及某个事物或引用某个文学、历史、文化的代表性人物或事件来达到某种目的,常常用于表达或暗示作者的观点或态度。
例如:"His words had a biblical ring to them."(他的话带有的语气)3. 排比(Parallelism)排比是通过重复使用类似的词、短语或句子结构,使文章的句子齐整有序,增强表达的力度和冲击力。
例如:"We came, we saw, we conquered." (我们来了,我们看到了,我们战胜了)4. 反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是在文章或演讲中提出一个问题,但并不期待对方回答,而是用问句来引导读者或听众思考某个问题或强调某个观点。
例如:"Isn't it a beautiful day?"(今天是不是个美好的一天呢?)5. 夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是通过夸大的描述方式来强调某个事物或情感,以达到增强效果的目的。
夸张常用于幽默、夸张或强调的场合。
例如:"I've told you a million times."(我已经告诉过你一百万次了)比较是通过将两个或多个事物进行对比,以突出它们的差异或相似之处,使表达更具有说服力和可信度。
英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如:●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。
)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。
例如:●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
18种重要修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:His friend has become a thorn in his side.他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺You are your mother’s glass.你是你母亲的翻版由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。
谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。
(1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。
比如:There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpent and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。
)(2)延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释,延喻即make an initial comparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s idea(作出初次比较再扩展,以延伸作者的意图)。
A General Survey of English RhetoricsSimile and metaphorNew China is like a red sun rising in the east.Subject/tenor-----reference/vehicle-----indicator of resemblance/simile markerSimile marker:like/as/as if/as though/as….as/similar to etc.Mother was short and plump and pretty.Her eyes were blue,and her brown hair was like a bird’s smooth wings….Avoid to use outdated similes.---fresh as a rose/brave as a lion/cunning as a fox/proud as peacock.Metaphor-------condensed simileThe news is a dagger to his heart.Joe fought like a lion------Joe was a lion in the battle.The gossip was like a net that strangled her.The parks of our city are like human lungs.The parks are the lungs of our city.She was strangled in the net of gossip.Money is the lens in a camera.(J.T.Adams)Notes:Add fuel to the flames A bolt from the blue Castles in the air Constant dropping wears the stoneYou will cross the bridge when you get to it. Carry coals to NewcastleExcises:1)The data processing is going on as slow as a snail.2)Every man has a fool in his sleeve.3)The brains don’t lie in the beard.4)Two heads are better than one.5)An ounce of practice is worth a pound of theory.Analogy类比是就两种本质上不同的事物之间的几个共同的特征或相似点进行平行比较,从中找出两者的相似之处,得出针对性极强的结论。
它比比喻的着眼点更广阔,描述更充分。
Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.An individual human existence should be like a river----small at first,narrowly contained within its banks,and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider,the banks recede,the waters flow more quietly,and in the end,without any visible break,they become merged in the sea,and painlessly lose their individual being._____Bertrand RussellMetonymy(a change of name)借代:“The name of something is used to represent a more general but closely-related thing”主要借代关系;1)A container for its content(The kettle is boiling.)2)A place for the people(The whole town attended the funeral.)3)A location for the institution or organization4)An instrument for its user(the pen is stronger than the sword.)5)A striking feature for the person or thing(a bald slipped out through the back door.)6)An organ for its function(he has a rough tongue.)7)Author for work(Only billionaires are able to collect Picasso.)8)The concrete for the abstract,or the specific for the general(Without sweat,without bread.)9)The abstract for the concrete or the general for the specific(he was an authority on Shakespeare.)The grey hair should be respected.What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.British Lion:England governmentJohn Bull;England/English peopleUncle Sam:the United States of America Hollywood:American film-making industry Fleet Street:the British press The Pentagon:the itary establishment Wall Street:U.S.financial circleRomeo:loverHelen:beautiful womanMilton:poetSynecdoche1)A part for the whole:More hands are needed at harvest time.2)The whole for the part:All the plants in the cold country are turning green in this smiling year.3)Material for the thing made:At dinner,I would have some grape(此处指葡萄酒)Personification实际上是一种比喻。
其形式是通过把原属于人所特有的品质、行为、情感等赋予大自然其他有生命的或无生命的东西,使它们具有类似人的特征,因此,有人把拟人法叫做"静物动化"的一种修辞技巧。
The sun kissed the green field.The thirsty desert drank up the water.利用拟人法借物寓情,把人的喜怒哀乐之情渗透到所描写的客观对象之中,从而起到烘托人物的作用。
The interview was over.Mary Thompson said good-bye to the manager,turned back and stepped out merrily and light-heartedly.The gate smiled after her and the sun stretched out her arms to gree t her.----by J.WootenHearing the lovers tearfully pouring out their hearts,the moon was so moved that she forgot to move.IronyIt's a nice,pleasant sort of weather indeed!They are almost as wise as the wise men of Gotham.(Gotham.是有名的愚人村)反语的三种类型:1.Verbal irony-说话人利用词汇、语法手段表示明显的反意。
It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one's pocket.Barbara,my ex-best friend,came to my house to look after my children.She helped things out and took my things out,she did help!2.Circumstantial Irony/irony of fate----指由于事态的发展同某人原来的意料或期待相反而造成的一种嘲弄。
The Story of an Hour----Kate Chopin3.Dramatic Irony,它同上面第二种密切相关,区别在于它往往指作者对Irony of Fate叙述中带总结性的画龙点睛之笔,突出戏剧性的转变,如上面的故事结尾时写道:When the doctors came,they said she had died of heart disease-----of joy that kills.反语的使用:反语线索主要表现为三个特点:n形式与内容之间不协调,或辞面意义和辞里含义之间形成反差。
n口气与内容之间的反衬。
如Jonathan Swift----A Modest Proposaln词语的异常搭配或突降、双关等辞格的出现都可能是反语的标志。
nIrony的几种变异形式Paradox反论或逆论,即乍听似乎荒唐而实际上却有道理的某种说法。