年产1000吨青霉素工艺设计

黄石理工学院毕业设计

I 摘 要

青霉素是一种治疗革兰氏阳性菌引起的各种疾病的常用药物，生产方法主要

有化学合成法、半合成法、微生物发酵法。本设计为年产1000吨青霉素工艺设计，

包括以下几部分内容：青霉素的背景知识及发酵生产工艺过程的简介；物料衡算

和热量衡算；发酵主要设备的计算与选型；环境要求及废物处理和利用。设计中

主要对发酵罐、种子罐进行了详细计算与选型，选择公称体积为100m3的机械搅

拌通风发酵罐进行青霉素的生产。另外，此设计还绘制了发酵工艺流程图、发酵

罐结构图和发酵车间布置图以及对生产过程中产生的废水、废气、废渣的处理作

了简单的介绍。

关键词：青霉素；发酵罐；工艺流程；设备选型

黄石理工学院毕业设计

II Abstract

Penicillin is the drug that is commonly used to treat the various diseases caused by

Gram-positive bacteria, and the production methods of it include chemical synthesis,

semi-synthesis, microbial fermentation. This design is the process design of annual

output of 1000 tons penicillin，and it including the following contents：the background

knowledge of penicillin and the introduction of fermentation process ; the calculation of

material balance and heat balance; the calculation and selection of main fermentation

equipment ; the environmental requirements and the disposal and utilization of waste.

The calculation and selection of the fermenter and the seed tank is the main content of

the design; and the nominal volume of 100 m3 mechanically stirred and ventilated fermenter is

chose to produce the penicillin. In addition, this design also draw the figure of the

fermentation process flow, fermenter structure and the layout of fermentation plan and

make a brief introduction for the treatment of the waste produced in the fermentation.

Key words: penicillin ；fermenter；process flow ; selection of the equipment

黄石理工学院毕业设计

III 目 录

1 前言 ........................................................................................................... 1

1.1 青霉素的发现 ..................................................................................... 1

1.2青霉素分子结构及分类 ...................................................................... 1

1.3青霉素的单位 ...................................................................................... 1

1.4作用机理 .............................................................................................. 2

1.5青霉素的应用 ...................................................................................... 2

2 生产工艺总述 ........................................................................................... 3

2.1青霉素生产方法 .................................................................................. 3

2.1.1天然青霉素的生产方法 ................................................................ 3

2.1.2半合成青霉素的生产方法 ............................................................ 3

2.2生产工艺流程图 .................................................................................. 4

2.3 发酵工艺过程介绍 ............................................................................. 4

2.3.1 菌种介绍 ....................................................................................... 4

2.3.2 菌种的保藏 ................................................................................... 5

2.3.3 孢子的制备 ................................................................................... 5

2.3.4 种子制备 ....................................................................................... 5

2.3.5 发酵培养基介绍 ........................................................................... 6

2.3.6 灭菌 ............................................................................................... 7

2.3.7 发酵 ............................................................................................... 7

2.4提炼工艺过程 ...................................................................................... 9

2.4.1发酵液预处理 ................................................................................ 9

2.4.2提取 .............................................................................................. 10

2.4.3精制 .............................................................................................. 11

2.4.4成品鉴定 ...................................................................................... 11

3 生产工艺计算 ......................................................................................... 13

3.1物料衡算 ............................................................................................ 13

3.1.1 每周期所需产品量的计算 ......................................................... 13 黄石理工学院毕业设计

IV 3.1.2 原料消耗计算 ............................................................................. 13

3.1.3物料衡算表 .................................................................................. 15

3.2热量衡算 ............................................................................................ 15

3.2.1发酵热的计算 .............................................................................. 15

3.2.2换热面积的计算 .......................................................................... 16

3.2.3冷却水用量计算 .......................................................................... 17

3.2.4蒸汽消耗量计算 .......................................................................... 17

3.2.5无菌空气消耗计算 ...................................................................... 18

4设备计算与选型 ...................................................................................... 19

4.1 发酵罐 ............................................................................................... 19

4.1.1发酵罐个数的确定 ...................................................................... 19

4.1.2主要尺寸计算 .............................................................................. 19

4.1.3搅拌器相关计算 .......................................................................... 19

4.1.4挡板相关设计 .............................................................................. 21

4.1.5换热器相关计算与选型 .............................................................. 21

4.1.6发酵罐材料选择与壁厚计算 ...................................................... 23

4.1.7支座选择 ...................................................................................... 23

4.1.8接管及空气分布器的设计 .......................................................... 24

4.2 种子罐 ............................................................................................... 24

4.2.1二级种子罐 .................................................................................. 24

4.2.2一级种子罐 .................................................................................. 31

4.3无菌空气制取设备 ............................................................................ 36

4.4过滤设备 ............................................................................................ 37

4.5萃取设备 ............................................................................................ 37

4.6脱色设备 ............................................................................................ 37

4.7结晶设备 ............................................................................................ 37

4.8干燥设备 ............................................................................................ 37

5 厂区洁净要求与污染控制 ..................................................................... 39

5.1生产环境空气洁净度级别的确定 .................................................... 39