tpo2综合写作

托福写作资料之——综合写作模板The reading and listening passages debate (have a conflict of opinion about) the practice (plan, proposal, policy) of_________. The reading material points out three major benefits (negative effects), which are contradicted (refuted, undermined, weakened) by the following lecture.PS: 黄色阴影部分可以被替换成下面这句，灵活运用。

The theory/hypothesis that _____. To (dis)prove it, the reading material provides three facts.以上为第一段，接下来的蓝色字体要重复写三遍，因为阅读中有三个观点，听力一般分别都有三个观点与之对应，可能同意，可能反驳。

每个观点分别重复以下模板Logical word (例如：firstly, secondly, thirdly….) + the reading material claims (argues, believes, holds) that Topic Sentence（ps:这个主题句必须写，但需要改写，最好不要照抄原阅读中的句子）.It is because (the reason is that/ The reasons are twofold. For one thing …For another thing…). However, the listening material (speaker, lecturer) believe that…(This is not the case/ holds the opposite opinion). It is because (tow opposing arguments are raised. First…Second…).By this way, the speaker contradicts (undermines) the opinion (argument, evidence, fact) of the reading.PS: 蓝色阴影部分，只在最后一次重复蓝色字体部分才加上。

TPO1-10独立写作思路分析（共5篇）第一篇：TPO1-10独立写作思路分析TPO1: A or D: At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support.1p: 先强调大学的功能(miniature of the society)肩负大学生平衡发展的重任，需要保证足够的投资 2p: 学生喜欢运动，运动有利于学生身心健康。

3p: 学生喜欢参加社会活动，参加社会活动能拓展学生的人际网络。

4p: 政府和财政部门应该重视对体育设施和公共设施的建设，为学生创建良好物质条件。

TPO 2: A or D: Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.（参见Steve同学的高分模板范文）1p: 【屈原式《天问》】神啊，我一直在思考一个问题-不扯100+不罢休。

2p: white lie这个词组的存在说明了“转弯抹角”的必要性，因为在某些情况下，说实话会造成A。

麻烦，B。

尴尬，C。

损失。

因此人们为了避免麻烦、尴尬和损失是正常的，在某些情况下，撒谎是人的本能反应。

撒谎之外的一个选择是：保持沉默。

3p: 但人际交往的基本原则是坦诚和诚信。

White lie必须有限度而且有原则。

否则会破坏人际关系。

4p: 结论：Tricky question或open debate取决于：seriousness.【立场决定2p-3p的比重，你们懂的】TPO 3: A or D: It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.1p: As the wheels of globalization roll on...每天都在加新朋友，也有老朋友失去联系。

TPO综合写作范文TPO16The professor explained three aspects of the new guidelines adopted in the United Kingdom, each of which has successfully addressed the problems mentioned in the reading passage concerning the preservation of artifacts, the funding of archaeological research, and career opportunities in archaeology.First, the professor pointed out that according to the new guidelines, any construction project must undergo an evaluation process in order for the archaeological value of the site to be ascertained. If a site is determined to contain precious objects, a panel of experts is convened to draw up a preservation plan. This measure has proven very effective in addressing the first problem mentioned in the reading – careless and irresponsible construction projects being pursued without any regard for archaeological preservation.Second, the lecturer explained that the new guidelines shifted the responsibility for funding archaeological work, from initial examination to future preservation, from the gov ernment to construction companies. As a result of this shift, the second problem highlighted in the reading concerning insufficient government funds for archaeological research has been significantly addressed.The professor’s last point concerned the fi nal problem raised in the reading material – a decline in archaeology-related job opportunities. She argued that thanks to the new guidelines, many skillful, full-time archaeological experts and professionals are now needed to handle work at various stages of archaeological investigation, research, and preservation.TPO15The lecturer argues against the three measures mentioned in the reading passage to reduce the population of the cane toad, a species introduced to the Australian continent.The lecturer argues that the first measure, a national fence, would not prevent the flow of streams or rivers and, therefore, would allow young toads or toad eggs to travel to the other side of the fence. The reading passage, however, argues that such a fence would effectively cut off the route that animals use to establish colonies and expand in population.Regarding the second measure, recruiting a large group of volunteers, the lecturer explains that volunteers often have difficulty distinguishing between cane toads and native frogs, an endangered species; therefore, they might kill members of both species. The reading passage gives the opposite view: Organizing a large group of volunteers to join an extermination campaign would speed the destruction of cane toads.Finally, the lecturer objects to the third measure—using an infectious virus. She points out that a virus intended to eliminate Australia’s cane toad population could be transmitted through animal transportation to other continents where cane toads are an essential part of the ecosystem. This is in direct contradiction with the claim in the reading passage that an infectious virus could be developed to stop the reproduction of cane toads without harming other species.TPO14The lecturer and the reading passage hold completely different views toward the practice of salvage logging, which is the removal of dead trees from a forest after a fire or a storm.First, the lecturer states that removing dead trees is not good for the health of a forest because it deprives it of the nutrients necessary for future tree growth, which dead trees release into the soil as they decompose. In contrast, the reading passage states that removing old trees provides more space in which new generations of fresh trees can grow more healthily.Second, the lecturer argues that some insects and birds that inhabit dead trees are beneficial for tree growth, so salvage logging may cause unwanted damage to the forest in the long run. The reading, however, points out that some of these insects are harmful to trees; thus, because clearing the forest of dead trees also destroys the habitat of these harmful insects, it ensures the healthy recovery of a forest after a fire.Finally, with regard to economic impact, the lecturer argues against salv age logging because the dead trees can only be salvaged at a very high cost, and the employment associated with salvage logging is often temporary and taken by non-native residents. On the other hand, the reading argues that this practice provides many industries with the wood necessary to sustain their production and offer employment opportunities to local people.TPO13The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about the problems involved with the booming business of commercial fossil trading. In her opinion, the benefits of this new development outweigh its negative consequences.The lecturer does not agree with the first point made in the reading-that private collectors will keep their fossil collection away from the public. She contends that the commercial trading of fossils actually makes them available to a wider public, because everyone with a budget, such as private schools and libraries, can purchase them for study and exhibition.The lecturer goes on to refute the claim in the reading that fossil trading business prevents scientists and public museums from benefiting from fossil finds, as these parties cannot compete with wealthy private buyers to acquire important fossils for research purpose. On the contrary, she argues, scientists themselves are the first to evaluate any important fossil before it can be sold in the commercial market at a price, so the academic community does not miss any opportunity to study privately traded fossils.Additionally, the lecturer challenges the final downside of fossil trading mentioned in the reading. The lecturer reminds us that the damages, if any, caused by private collectors in their field operations are more than offset by the effort they have made to increase the number of fossils available to the public that would otherwise remain undiscovered.TPO12The reading passage suggests that three pieces of evidence provide support that a portrait recently put up for sale by a member of Jane Austen’s family is of Jane Austen herself when she was a teenager. However, the lecturer rejects such evidence and argues that the painting could not be a portrait of Jane Austen.First, the lecturer argues that the portrait first appeared 70 years after Jane Austen’s death, suggesting that members of her extended family might have commissioned the portrait without having actually seen her in person. Therefore, the fact that the portrait had been commissioned by her family members does not necessarily prove that it is a portrait of Jane Austen.Second, the lecturer argues that the resemblance between the portrait and an authentic sketch of the adult Jane Austen could be explained by the hypothesis that the portrait is of a relative of Jane Austen when the relative was a teenager.Finally, the lecturer argues that despite the style of the painting, which links it to the exact period when Jane Austen was a teenager, the stamp on the back of the canvas indicates that the portrait was painted at least 27 years after Jane Austen’s birth, indicating that the portrait was of someone else who was much younger than Jane Austen.TPO11The lecturer raises several arguments to counter the reading passage’s strong criticism of the general public’s declining interest in reading literature.The lecturer argues that literature is only one among many forms of reading genres from which the public can benefit intellectually. The public also benefits from reading works of science fiction and historical novels, among other reading genres. Therefore, the reading is woring to claim that the public is suffering great losses by not reading literature.Furthermore, the lecturer explains that even if it is true that the public is reading fewer books and watching more television and films instead, it does not necessarily mean culture is in decline. Television and film are simply modern forms of cultural expression that are also intellectually stimulating and directly relevant to contemporary life.Finally, the lecturer admits a decline in audience and support of literature in today’s soc iety, but she attributes it to the authors themselves, who have alienated themselves from the reading public by using overly complex language. The reading, however, blames the lowering standards of the public for the declining interest in reading great works of literature.TPO10The lecturer and the reading passage suggest two competing theories, the predation theory vs. the pollution theory, to explain why the sea otter population is in rapid decline.The professor reasons that the absence of dead sea otters washed up the coast suggests that their decline is not caused by sea pollution but rather by sea predators who consume their bodies after killing them. In contrast, the reading passage attributes the death of sea otters to pollution, citing evidence of increased sources of ocean contaminants which lead to greater vulnerability to infections.Furthermore, the lecturer argues that orcas are likely factors in the disappearance of sea otters, because the scarcity of whales, their usual prey, has left them with no other choice but to start hunting smaller mammals like the otters for food. The reading passage, on the other hand, rules out this theory based on the orca’s praying habit, and instead approves of the pollution theory as the only explanation for the decline of both large and small sea mammals across the entire ecosystem. Finally, according to the lecturer, the uneven pattern of sea otter decline corresponds to the distribution of the orcas; she argues that the fact that their population has declined most rapidly where orcas are most prevalent further validates the predation theory. However, the reading passage argues that changeable environmental factors, which lead to different concentrations of pollutants, better explains the varying pattern of sea otter decline.TPO9The lecturer points out several problems with the use of hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines in support of her claim that substituting them for internal-combustion engines is technologically unfeasible, environmentally unfriendly, and economically unviable.First, the lecturer argues that it is impractical to replace internal-combustion engines with fuel-cell engines because using the latter requires hydrogen, which is technologically challenging to both obtain and store. However, the reading touts it as an attractive advantage because hydrogen is an infinite source of energy.Second, the lecturer refutes the claim in the reading that hydrogen cells are environmentally friendly. She argues that although engines that use hydrogen cells produce less pollution, the manufacturing of hydrogen cells generates large amounts of harmful by-products due to the burning of fossil fuels in the purification process.Third, although the reading suggests that hydrogen-based engines are more fuel-efficient and thus economically competitive than internal-combustion engines, the professor argues that such an advantage is undermined by the fact that fuel-cell engines are extremely expensive to manufacture because they require the addition of platinum, a very rare and expensive material.TPO8The reading passage raises several doubts about the accuracy of the memoir written by the Chevalier de Seingalt, whereas the professor defends the memoir in the lecture by clarifying the seeming contradictions in the Chevalier’s accounts.The professor argues that because the Chevalier was rich in assets but poor in cash while he was living in Switzerland, he occasionally had to borrow funds to pay for expensive recreational activities. According to the professor, having low am ounts of cash is not the same as being financially poor. The reading, however, holds that as someone who had to borrow large amounts of money from others, the Chevalier must have fabricated stories of his wealthy life in Switzerland.Moreover, the professor challenges the skepticism expressed in the reading regarding the reliability of the conversations with Voltaire that the Chevalier recorded in his memoir. She explains that because the Chevalier had a habit of recording each conversation with Voltaire in a diary immediately afterward, he was able to recall those discussions in detail even years later.Finally, the professor rejects the claim in the reading that the Chevalier bribed his way out of a prison in Venice. She says that the fact that none of the other prisoners, even those with better resources, had been able to do so shows that bribery was unlikely. Furthermore, she points to a government paper that recorded the repair work done to the Chevalier’s prison cell, citing this as strong evidence that the account of his escape from the prison was indeed accurate.TPO7The lecture and the reading passage give contradictory opinions on the topic of ecocertification, a form of accreditation conferred by an international agency in recognition of a company’s ecofriendly practices. The passage explains that it is not necessary for American wood companies to pursue ecocertification while the lecture provides several counterarguments to this view.First, the lecturer argues that the reading passage is too general in its statement that American consumers reject advertising completely. He asserts that Americans do not trust advertising claims for a product only when these claims are made by the company that sells the product. When a claim is made by an independent third party such as a wood certification company, he posits, consumers respond very positively with strong acceptance of the certified product.The lecturer also refutes the second point in the reading – that price-sensitive American consumers are likely to choose cheap wood products without certification. The professor contends that certified wood is only slightly (less than 5%) more expensive than uncertified wood, and therefore, he argues, consumers will tend to ignore the price difference and choose the eco-friendly product.Finally, receiving eco-certification is, according to the professor, an important strategy used by American wood companies to ensure that their products can compete against ecocertified wood products imported into the domestic market from foreign countries. According to the reading, however, this strategy is unnecessary because American consumers are likely to be content with domestically manufactured products, even if they are not ecocertified.TPO6The lecturer addresses each of the three criticisms of communal online encyclopedias mentioned in the reading passage.The lecturer admits that communal online encyclopedias, like any reference book, may contain errors, but she claims that these errors can be corrected much more easily and quickly than those printed in a paper encyclopedia. The reading passage, in contrast, points to the inaccuracy of information in online encyclopedias, presenting the argument that errors in these resources are due to lack of professional knowledge among contributors.The lecturer then gives two strategies that have been proven very effective in protecting online encyclopedias from malicious alteration. She explains that contents that consist of indisputable facts are stored and presented in a read-only format so that nobody can make changes to them. In addition, she says, there are specialists who constantly monitor contents online so that they can quickly remove a suspicious change once it is detected.The lecturer also challenges the final point in the reading regarding the nature of topics covered in online encyclopedias. She says that because of virtually unlimited space on the Internet, there is no need to worry about what is important enough for inclusion in an online encyclopedia. Moreover, the greater variety of topics in online encyclopedias more truly reflects the genuine interests of the general public, even if some of these topics are less serious or academic than those in traditional encyclopedias.TPO5The author of the reading passage proposes three theories as likely explanations of the primary function of Chaco Canyon houses, giant structures built in the 12th century. The lecturer, however, points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories.The lecturer argues that the modest number of fireplaces in these structures is in contradiction with the huge size of these houses, indicating that these structures could not have been used for residential purposes. The reading, however, draws comparisons between the Chaco houses and other similar large residential structures in support of the―residential‖ theory.The second theory, that the houses were used for food storage, is also rejected by the lecturer. He explains that a place that had been used for storing maize would have many traces of scattered maize, which is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the ―food storage theory‖ is unlikely.Finally, regarding the third theory, the ―ceremony theory‖, the lecturer contends that the presence of broken pots close to the great houses does not offer sufficient proof that this was a place for ceremonial activities. He argues that there are other materials such as pieces of construction trash found along with the broken pots, which suggest that these pots were probably not used for ceremonial purposes but instead were discarded by construction workers upon completion of the great houses.TPO4下面这篇作文是针对TPO第四套的综合写作（关于恐龙是否是恒温动物）写的，虽然有一些小错误，但ETS评分为满分。

tpo综合写作范文TPO Integrated Writing Sample。

The passage discusses the decline of honeybee populations and its potential impact on the environment, while the lecture provides an alternative explanation for the decline and its potential consequences. 。

The passage suggests that the decline in honeybee populations could have serious consequences for the environment. It notes that honeybees are important pollinators for many crops, and their decline could lead to a decrease in crop yields. The passage also mentions that honeybees are important for maintaining biodiversity, as they pollinate a wide variety of plants. The passage concludes by stating that the decline in honeybee populations is a serious issue that requires immediate attention.The lecture, however, provides an alternative explanation for the decline in honeybee populations. The lecturer argues that the decline is not due to a decrease in the number of honeybees, but rather to changes in the way that honeybee populations are measured. The lecturer also suggests that the decline in honeybee populations is not as severe as the passage suggests, and that there are other pollinators that can take over the role of honeybees if necessary. 。

托福独立写作范文TPO2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.With some changes of social values nowadays, the importance of always telling the truth is in relationship is questioned among the public. However, as far as I am concerned, I still strongly believe that always telling the truth is the most important consideration in relationships. Generally, telling the truth helps to build up and maintain trust for work and love.First of all, always telling the truth creates trust between clients and companies, between employers and employees, and among colleagues. For instance, when I was an intern at an insurance company, I heard from my manager about an event which caused a lot of loss to our company. There was a client whose car was hit in an accident. According to his contract with our company, he could receive little insurance payment. However, in order to get more money, this client lied to prevent our employees from investigating the scene. He took the pictures of his “broken” car, and he changed some details of the pictures of the pictures on his computer for exaggerating his loss in that accident. As a result, our company paid him a great deal of money. Later, our company realized the scandal and accused him for his crime. He finally got severe punishment and lost support from all insurance companies. Although this client was punished for his misdeeds, our company suffered great loss in the whole case. Therefore, telling the truth is the most important consideration at work, for it not only helps to build us trust between new business partners, but also maintain trust during the cooperation, which brings more benefits and convenience at work, or even make oneself involve in more serious troubles.Secondly, love also requires telling the truth. Love is a kind of fantastic affection which brings two strangers together or even leads them to be a couple. Therefore, telling the truth is the most important consideration in this relationship, because it creates and maintains trust between lovers or couples, which can keep their love or marriage for longer time. It is quite common that one of the lovers tells lies to the other, which destroys their love or even their marriage. If a man meets a female friend by himself in the evening, but he tells his girlfriend or wife that he worked overtime, the result may turns out rather terrible when his girlfriend or wife knows the truth later. This man may tell a white lie to avoid some meaningless quarrel, but this actually triggers more misunderstanding. Therefore, telling the truth at first-time is more appropriate and correct to maintain a relationship, especially the relationship of love. Telling the truth should always be the most important consideration in love. And the worry about its results can be removed by the techniques of telling the truth may hurt people’s feelings. If a doctor tells his patient the truth that he is diagnosed with cancer, the patients may lost his hope and give up his family easily. In this circumstance, telling the truth seems not appropriate. However, if telling the truth more euphemistically, the patient may accept his disease more easily. Nevertheless, telling the truth to the patient’s family is still a right decision. Therefore, telling the truth is still a very important consideration in relationships.All in all, always telling the truth is the most important consideration in relationships, for it creates and maintains trust among people, which brings more harmony and peace to the whole society.。

tpo综合写作范文TPO Integrated Writing SampleThe reading passage discusses the potential benefits of using wind power as a source of energy, while the listening passage casts doubt on the feasibility of wind power due to various limitations. The reading passage argues that wind power is a clean and renewable energy source that can significantly reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. It also points out that the cost of wind power has been decreasing, making it more competitive with traditional energy sources. However, the listening passage challenges these claims by highlighting the intermittent nature of wind power and the need for backup energy sources. It also mentions the negative effects of wind turbines on wildlife and the landscape.The reading passage emphasizes the environmental benefits of wind power, stating that it can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. It also mentions the potential for job creation and economic growth in the wind power industry. However, the listening passage raises concerns about the reliability of wind power, noting that it cannot consistently meet the energy demands of a modern society. It also points out that the construction andmaintenance of wind turbines can have negative impacts on the environment and local communities.In conclusion, while the reading passage presents a positive view of wind power as a sustainable and cost-effective energy source, the listening passage raises valid concerns about its reliability and environmental impact. It is clear that the issue of wind power is complex and requires careful consideration of both its benefits and limitations. Ultimately, a balanced approach that takes into account the economic, environmental, and social implications of wind power is necessary to make informed decisions about its use as a source of energy.。

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.the traditional virtue of telling the truth in all situations is increasingly doubted by many in today‟s world. Many believe that telling the truth is not always the best policy when dealing with people. Moreover, the line of a “truth” is becoming more and more vague. This essay will explore the importance of telling the truth in relationships between people.We all understand that often the truth is offending and may not be a very nice thing to both hear or say. Lies or white lies often have their advantages. The manipulation of white lies is the most obvious the business world. How many times have we heard that some product is “the finest” or “the cheapest”? how many times have we heard that products have such and such “magical functions”? advertising is about persuasion, and many would agree that if a company is to tell the absolute truth about it‟s products, no one would be interested in even having a look at the products.The same logic applies to human relationships. If your friend had worn a newly purchased dress on her birthday and energetically asked you if it was a worthy buy, would you freely express your opinion that you had never seen a dress as the one she‟s currently wearing? And spoil her birthday? Unarguably, hiding (entirely or particially) the truth in some situations can be quite handy indeed. Confrontations and disputes can seemingly be avoided.However, there is always the risk factor of the truth emerging sooner or later when telling an untruth. The basic trust in any relationships (businessman/customer, friends, parents/children) will be blotched, and would have an impact on the future relationship between both parties. The story of the “the boy who cried wolf” fully illustrates the consequences of telling untruths. No one will believe you whenyou‟re telling the truth. Your word will h ave no weighting.In addition, another “bad factor” of telling untruths is that you have absolutely no control over when the truth (of previous untruths) will emerge. Untruths breed pain in both parties: tears when the truth is uncovered after a period of time; fear and the burden of sharing a “secret”. In the long run, it seems that hiding the truth is not beneficial to either party.Everyone hates betrayal. Even if it is the trend to occasionally hide the truth in relationships, it is strongly recommended that not to follow that trend as the risk and the consequences of the truth unfolded overwhelms the minimal advantages one can derive from not telling the truth After all, it is understood that relationships are founded on “trust” which goes hand in hand with “truth”. Indeed telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people. Always.Rater's commentThis lengthy essay presents a clear and very well-developed discussion of the issue. There are occasional insta nces of poor phrasing (“the line of a …truth‟ is becoming more and more vague”), but these are more than offset by the rest of the response, which is fluent, varied, complex, and sophisticated. Again, the only noticeable fault is the failure to capitalize sentence-initial words.。

Although some people still persist that always telling the truth is the most important factor to consider when it comes to dealing with any relationship between people. The traditional virtue of being absolute honest to others in all situations is increasingly doubted by many in today's world. From my own experience, however, always telling the truth directly is not the best policy to maintain a good relationship in most cases, whether it is between husband and wife, parents and children or company and its customers etc. Instead, I think in order to fulfill one's basic goal of keeping a relationship, the specific ways of dealing with people should be varied according to the stituation. Therefore, I don't agree with the statement that always telling the truth is most important consideration in any relationship.First of all, for the sake of any relationship itself, there are always more to consider apart from the way of always telling the truth. Between husband and wife, the husband does not tell anything to his wife and the wife all too often will choose to keep some things to herself. On the one hand, the husband may only try to keep his work problems to himself and doesn't want to bother her mind with upsetting news. On the other hand, the wife normally wants to save her husband the trouble to listen to some minor chores in life. In order to maintain their good relationship, both husband and wife will often select what to say and how to say it to the other. Under such circumstance, not telling the complete story is admirable.Second, between parents and children, telling the absolute truth is not the most desirable thing to do either. Most parents will not reveal their marital problems to their children mainly out of two reasons. They want to protect their children from injury. At the same time, they want to give it time to solve the problems between themselves. Some young kids are slow to learn new things. Most parents will give patience to their kids and come up with different ways to help their kids. If parents directly tell their comparatively dull school kids that they are stupid, which could inhibit the development of children in a long term. Therefore, it is not wise to tell the truth directly between hushand and wife, parents and children. Instead, we should try our best to figure out what we can do for the other side and how to do it well.Third, advertisements that glorify products to some extent are acceptable if only they are not deceptive or misleading. Many people criticize that TV advertisements are always exaggerating the functions of their producst. They also claim that companies should always tell the whole truth about their products. However, most TV advertisements build a magical fantasy for the customers by exaggerating a specifc function of a product. For example, a shampoo ad demonstrates that its product is able to make women’s hair soft, smooth and shiny by presenting a gorgeously shaped super model with amazingly black long hair. In order to compete with similar products, it is nodoubt that many companies would spend large sums of money on a effectively crafted advertisement. Therefore, between a company and its customers, demonstrating its advantages and weakening its drawbacks, it is a promoting sale strategy in the marketplace. I think it is not reasonable to critisize that companies don’t tell the whole truth about its product.To summarize, I believe that always telling the truth is not the best policy in most relationships.。

Topic 1 Answer The reading and listening passages debate the pros and cons of the practice of salvage logging. The reading material outlines (provides) its three major benefits, which are contradicted by the following lecture.

First, the reading passage claims that salvage logging provides spaces for forest growth. However, the speaker claims that salvage logging makes the soil less nutritious because damaged trees can provide nutrition for the soil after they decay. This practically refutes the reading’s claim.

Secondly, the reading passage argues that salvage logging controls harmful insects, for instance, spruce beetles. However, the speaker believes that spruce beetles are not harmful. And he argues that salvage logging reduces the numbers of beneficial species.

Finally, the reading claims that salvage logging provides economical benefits. Two reasons are provided. For one thing, it helps local companies to reduce losses by recycling damaged trees. Second, it provides job opportunities to local people. However, the speaker believes that this is not the case. For one thing, salvage logging needs very expensive transportation, e.g. helicopters. For another thing, salvage logging needs skillful workers, who do not come from the local community. Topic 3 Answer The reading and listening passages have a conflict of opinion about the proposal of a four-day workweek for eighty percent of salary. The reading passage points out its three benefits, which are contradicted by the following lecture.

矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。

如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。

㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。

(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。

如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。

对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。

二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。

2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。

㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。

2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。

三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。

2、矿区矿产资源概况。

3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。

㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。

2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。

tpo综合写作throughout the world ocean
摘要：
1.概述全球海洋的重要性
2.介绍海洋生态系统及其功能
3.分析人类活动对海洋的影响
4.阐述保护海洋的措施和必要性
5.呼吁全社会共同参与海洋保护
正文：
在全球范围内，海洋占据了地球表面的七成以上，是地球上生命和生态系统的基石。

本文将探讨海洋的重要性、人类活动对其的影响以及如何保护这片宝贵的资源。

首先，海洋对于全球气候的调节具有至关重要的作用。

海洋吸收了大量的二氧化碳，缓解了全球气候变暖的速度。

同时，海洋还是地球上的巨大储热器，调节着全球的气温。

此外，海洋还对陆地气候产生影响，如调节沿海地区的湿度、温度等。

其次，海洋生态系统丰富多样，为无数生物提供了生活空间。

海洋中的生物相互依存，形成了一个庞大的食物链。

这些生物还通过光合作用，释放出大量氧气，维持着地球生态平衡。

然而，人类活动对海洋生态系统造成了严重破坏。

过度捕捞、污染、海洋酸化等问题日益严重，导致许多海洋生物种群减少、生态功能受损。

为了解决这些问题，各国政府和国际组织纷纷采取措施保护海洋。

例如，
我国政府提出了“海洋强国”战略，加大海洋资源开发与保护力度。

此外，提倡可持续发展、减少海洋污染、保护海洋生物多样性等措施也在全球范围内得到落实。

保护海洋不仅是政府的责任，更是每个公民的使命。

我们应从日常生活中做起，减少用水、节约资源、支持环保行动，为海洋保护尽一份力。

总之，全球海洋对于地球生态和人类生存具有重要意义。

在人类活动的冲击下，海洋生态系统正面临着严峻挑战。

tpo综合写作范文TPO Integrated Writing Sample。

The reading passage presents the idea that the decline of the Neanderthals was caused by competition with modern humans. The professor, however, refutes this claim and argues that the decline of the Neanderthals was due to environmental factors and not competition with modern humans.Firstly, the reading passage states that the decline of the Neanderthals was a result of competition with modern humans. It mentions that the two species competed for resources and that the modern humans were more advanced and thus outcompeted the Neanderthals. However, the professor challenges this by pointing out that there is no evidence to support the claim that the two species competed for resources. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that the two species coexisted peacefully and even interbred.Secondly, the reading passage suggests that the modern humans' superior technology and hunting skills gave them an advantage over the Neanderthals. It argues that the Neanderthals were not able to adapt to the changing environment and were eventually outcompeted by the modern humans. The professor, on the other hand, disputes this by explaining that the decline of the Neanderthals was not due to competition, but rather due to environmental factors such as climate change and the spread of diseases. He provides evidence to support his claim, citing research that shows that the Neanderthals were actually quite adaptable and were able to survive in various environments.Furthermore, the reading passage mentions that the disappearance of the Neanderthals coincided with the arrival of modern humans in Europe. It suggests that this correlation implies causation, and that the modern humans were responsible for the decline of the Neanderthals. The professor, however, argues that correlation does not imply causation and that there is no evidence to support the claim that the modern humans caused the decline of the Neanderthals. He emphasizes that it is important to consider other factors such as environmental changes and natural disasters.In conclusion, the professor challenges the reading passage's claim that the decline of the Neanderthals was caused by competition with modern humans. He argues that there is no evidence to support this claim and provides alternative explanations for the decline of the Neanderthals, such as environmental factors and natural disasters. Therefore, it is important to consider all factors and not jump to conclusions based on correlation alone.。

托福TPO综合写作满分作⽂范⽂【⾼分必备】智课⽹TOEFL备考资料托福TPO综合写作满分作⽂范⽂【⾼分必备】摘要：托福TPO综合写作满分作⽂范⽂下载啦！这份资料有多给⼒，马叔就不赘述了！总之托考的孩⼦都是⼈⼿必备的！你不想拥有⼀份吗？托福 TPO综合写作满分作⽂范⽂ Topic 5 ReadingDonating part of one’s income to public causes, known as charitable giving, used to be a common practice. But, in the United States charitable giving has declined substantially in recent years, and, for several reasons, it is unlikely to increase in the future.One reason that charitable giving has fallen is simply that there is less need for charitable giving, because the United States government now provides most of the important public services. The government assumes 承担 much of the responsibility for feeding the poor, providing health care, and taking care of the victims of natural disasters—functions that charities used to perform. These government institutions of social welfare are permanent, and so the diminished need for private charitable giving will also be permanent.Another reason people are, and will be, giving less to charities is that in the past few years there have been highly publicized disclosures that the managers of some prominent national charities were receiving huge salaries and other benefits as large or larger than salaries of heads of major for-profit corporations. These salaries and expenses for travel, fancy offices, and advertising significantly reduce the percentage of donated money that went to charitable purposes. Naturally people have been turned off 厌烦by these excesses and inefficiencies.Finally, beyond the shortcomings of legitimate charities, there has been an increasing number of fraudulent solicitations恳求，劝诱 by organizations or individuals who merely pose as charities. As a result, people are now becoming skeptical even about what are in fact legitimate appeals for support. So potential donors are starting to give less and give less frequently. And since the incidence of charity fraud seems to be increasing, we can expect further declines N. in charitable giving as people become more concerned that they are being taken advantage of.托福TPO综合写作满分作⽂范⽂ Topic 5 ListeningThere’s no doubt that giving to charities has declined in recent years, but there are good reasons to think it’ll soon begin to go up.Consider, for example, the fact that the number of elderly and retired people in our society keeps growing. Right now, elderly citizens who can’t afford health care often r ely on government programs to pay for it. But as the elderly population grows, government programs probably won’t be able to cover the health assistance, Americans respond to that need. And since the need will be increasing, we should expect to see charitable giving rise accordingly.There’s another reason to be optimistic about the future of charitable giving. The disclosures of waste and bad management at major charities, and people’s anger at this waste, are producing significant reforms. Overpa id managers have been forced to resign by the bad publicity. Charities are reducing their expenses and are now subject to服从closer public scrutiny. As a result, people are regaining confidence that the money they donate will support the causes they care about.People’s reaction to charity fraud is also evolving正在发展. In the short run, people don’t want to donate because they’re concerned with whether charities are honest. But in the long run, such skepticism makes people careful, not stingy. For exa mple, many people now refuse to give money when they’re asked to do so over the telephone. They insist on receiving proof and documentation before they donate.Just as people learn how to be careful consumers, most people are acquiring the skills needed to guard against charity fraud without stopping their support for worthwhile causes.托福TPO综合写作满分作⽂范⽂： Topic 6 ReadingIt used to be that parents took their children on vacation during the summer, when school was out of session. But today, much more often than in the past, many parents take their children on vacation during the school year. Although these children are away from school, sometimes for several weeks, traveling itself serves a valuable educational function.The most important educational benefit of taking children on vacation is that traveling exposes children to new places and cultures. It is good for children to read about distant countries, but it is even better to take them there. What students learn by meeting the people and absorbing the culture of these places is something they could not learn in their classrooms.Moreover, the benefits to the children who have been away from the classroom for several weeks traveling continue after they have returned to their classes. Students who are in school every day of the school year can easily lose enthusiasm for their studies. But students invigorated by time away return with heightened excitement.The trend of students taking vacations during the school year also has benefits for teachers. When these students return to school, their knowledge and enthusiasm contribute positively to the entire class.Teachers can ask the children to share stories of their travels with their peers and can incorporate what they have learned from traveling into writing and reading projects. This makes lesson development easier for teachers because the returning students’ experiences provide a ready basis for classroom discussions and projects.托福TPO综合写作满分作⽂范⽂ Topic 6 ListeningNow, let’s consider how taking children on vacation when school is in session impacts their education. I believe the impact on children and their teachers can be quite negative.While students have been traveling, their fellow students have been working. What do you think happens when they return to school? Well, they have to spend a lot of time “playing catch-up,” you know, doing work that fellow students have already done. It’s one thing to miss a day or two of s chool, but many parents take their children on vacation for weeks on end, and it’s very difficult for any child to make up that much missed time. So, the missed learning has to be weighed against the benefits of traveling and learning about other cultures. On balance, what is lost is greater than what is gained.When children come back to class after a long trip, they’re excited about their recent adventures. Sounds good, but this enthusiasm can have a downside. Their excitement can make it difficult for them to fit back into the routine of the school day. School seems a little boring to them, so they’re not attentive to their studies, and their restlessness can。

tpo综合写作wellness' program全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：TPO综合写作是托福考试中的重要部分，涉及到综合阅读和听力的结合。

今天我们要讨论的是TPO综合写作中的一个话题：wellness program。

近年来，越来越多的公司和机构开始关注员工的健康和幸福。

为了提高员工的工作效率和生活质量，一些公司推出了wellness program，也就是健康计划。

这个计划涵盖了许多方面，包括健康检查、运动课程、心理辅导，甚至是员工福利等方面。

那么wellness program究竟有什么好处呢？下面我们就来探讨一下。

wellness program可以帮助员工建立健康的生活方式。

在现代社会，许多人因为工作压力大、生活节奏快而忽略了自己的健康。

通过参加公司的wellness program，员工可以学习到如何保持健康的饮食习惯、规律的运动锻炼以及如何有效地减压放松。

这样一来，员工们不仅能够提高自己的健康水平，还可以减少生病的几率，提高工作效率。

wellness program还可以帮助公司提高员工的满意度和忠诚度。

一个公司如果能够关心员工的健康和幸福，那么员工们自然会更加认同和忠诚于这个公司。

通过wellness program，员工们可以感受到公司的关爱和关心，从而更加乐意为公司工作，提高工作效率。

wellness program还可以增强员工之间的团队合作和互助精神，促进公司内部的和谐氛围。

wellness program对于公司和员工都有很多好处。

不仅能提高员工的健康水平和工作效率，还能增强公司的形象和竞争力。

我认为每个公司都应该推出自己的wellness program，并努力营造一个健康、和谐、快乐的工作环境。

第二篇示例：TP0综合写作是雅思考试中非常重要的一部分，对考生的听力和写作能力都提出了很高的要求。

其中wellness' program是一个很常见的话题，考察的是关于健康和保健方面的信息。