人教版高中英语必修三（Book3Unit4）

人教版高中英语必修三（Book3Unit4）

Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars

1. spread vt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸

The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。

Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。

常用结构:

spread sth. with sth. 用……抹/涂/铺……

spread ...on ...把……抹/涂/铺在……

be spread for摆好（桌子）准备

spread oneself\[口\]舒展四肢(躺下)

spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长

单项填空

Paper making began in China and _____________to Europe.

A. Spread B. grew C. Carried D. developed

解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。

2. method n. 方法

He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的教学方法。

What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？

联想拓展

by this means=in this way=with this method 用这种方法

易混辨析 method/means

method侧重'理论方法'，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。

a new teaching method一种新的教学方法

means（单复数同形）侧重'通过手段'或'利用工具'去达到某种目的。

选词填空(method/means)（原创） ①The quickest of travel _____________is by plane.

②She has a very scientific _____________of dealing with

political problems.

答案：①means②method

3. harmful adj. 有害的

常用结构:

do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害

mean no harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意

harm one's image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声

do more harm than good 弊大于利

There is no harm in (sb's) doing sth.

=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处

be harmful to 对……有害

harm n.&v. 损害，伤害

Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。

【活学活用】

(1)As we all know, the polluted water and air are harmful to

people's health. 众所周知,污染了的水和空气对人的健康有害。

(2)The local government decided to close down some

factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment.当地政府决定关闭一些对环境造成重大损害的工厂。

(3)Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noise

do harm to (= ________) ocean animals. 对于危害海洋动物的噪声的强度和种类,科学家们并不了解。

(4)语法填空。

①It never occurred to him that his carelessness could do

such great harm____________himself.

②They may not be able to help but there's no harm in

____________(ask) them.

③Apparently, you were cracking a ____________(harm) joke, but she was terribly scared.

答案：(3)are harmful to (4)①to ②asking ③harmless

单项填空

He is a nice dog. He won't do you any____________ .

A.ill B. bite C. hurt D. harm

解析:选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示'对某人有害'。句意为：这是一条温顺的狗，它不会伤害你。故选D。

4. mass n. 质量；团；块；大量；(前加the) 群众

A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。

She has a mass of things to do.她有一大堆的事情要做。

The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力。

常用结构:

be a mass of 遍体是……; 充满了……

in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地

in the mass 总体上;总的说来

the (great) mass of 大多数, 大部分

masses of sth.大量的东西

单项填空

The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful

clothes that we took _____________pictures of them.

A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount

of

解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。masses of=lots of，后跟复数名词。

5. pull v. 拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；牵(引)力

You push and I'll pull. 你来推，我来拉。

I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

常用结构:

pull ahead (of sb./sth.) 领先于（某人/物）

pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）

pull off (sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）

pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）

pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）

pull together 同心协力；通力合作

【活学活用】

(1)You'll find my mother in the garden as usual, pulling up

weeds.

你会像平时一样在花园里找到我的母亲,她在拔草。(拔出)

(2)I stepped outside and pulled up my collar against the cold

mist.

我走出门,竖起衣领抵御冷雾。(竖起,拉起)

(3)The policeman pulled up the motorist and asked to see his

driving licence.

警察让那个驾驶员停车,要看他的驾照。(停车)

(4)用pull相关短语的适当形式填空。

①The policeman signalled the driver to_____________his car so

that he could check his licence.

②When all passengers were on board, the train

_____________of the station.

③Her family wondered if she could _____________after the

operation.

④Crowds jammed in for seats when the train_____________.

⑤The earthquake_____________most of the buildings in the

city.

⑥The express from Beijing_____________on time.

答案：(4)①pull over ②pulled out ③pull through ④pulled up ⑤pulled down ⑥pulled in

用pull相关短语的适当形式填空

①I arrived as the last train was _____________.

②He _____________a gun and aimed at the criminal.

③So long as we_____________ , there's no mountain top we

can't conquer.

答案：①pulling out②pulled out③pull together

6. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼

The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。

He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。

常用结构:

cheer sb. on为某人加油

cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴；（使）振奋起来

联想拓展

cheerful adj.高兴的

cheerless adj.不高兴的；阴冷的

用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）

①Your visit has greatly _____________him up.

②The crowd _____________the runners _____________as they

started the last lap.

答案：①cheered②cheered ;on

7. puzzle vt.&vi.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思 n.迷；难题

puzzled adj. 无法了解的；困惑的

puzzling adj. 令人费解的

Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。

常用结构：

sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对……感到迷惑