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2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题现代城市对人类的悲剧性影响在于它扼杀了人类的美感。
一个富足社会的物质利益使人们的注意力从城市和文化的底蕴转移到科技产品上：洗衣机、中央供暖、自动炊具、电视机、电脑和尺寸形状恰好的地毯。
此时此刻，他们沉醉在民主、小康、有车开的幸福中，生活从来没有这么好。
他们不愿意走路。
统计表明：他们把从停车场到购物中心的距离设计得很短，由于没有足够的远离街道的停车设施，城市到处都是在马路随便停靠的汽车和停车计价表。
拥挤成为影响环境的主要因素，从统计中看出：每个家庭拥有两辆车的状况会使事情更糟。
同时，“地价”带来的不仅是伤害，还有侮辱。
土地的价值缘于它的用途，它的收入来自它提供的服务。
当它的用途被加强，它的收入和价值也就增加。
“充分合理利用土地”成为城市发展主要经济标准。
这种投机的方法和人口增长带来的压力导致了城市的“垂直”上升，人们也不得不适应这种拥挤来维持这些相对虚假的土地价值。
荒谬的是试图消除拥挤的良方就是创造更多的拥挤。
部分的分散，或者叫虚假的分散，在远离传统市镇中心的地方大片开发，只是把疾病转移到市镇的周边。
如果没有和市镇交通系统重建相结合起来的话，就无法治愈。
对于这一点，铺设复杂的十字路口的必要性强烈影响工程解决办法，反过来，又被夸张的地价挫败。
【答案】The tragic influence of modern cities on human beings is that they kill the beauty of human beings. The material benefits of an affluent society divert attention from the city and its cultural heritage to technological products: washing machines, central heating, automatic cookers, televisions, computers and floor coverings of the right size and shape. At this moment, they are intoxicated in democracy, well-off, car happiness, life has never been so good.They are unwilling to walk. Statistics show that they have designed a short distance from the parking lot to the center of shopping. Since there are not enough parking facilities far away from the street, the city is full of cars and parking meters randomly parked on the street. Crowding has become a major factor in the environment, and by all accounts, having two cars per family makes things worse.At t he same time, “land price” brings not only hurt, but also insult. Land is valued for its use, and its income comes from the services it provides. When its use is strengthened, its income and value increase. “Make full and reasonable use of land” became the main economic standard of urban development. This speculative approach and the pressures of population growth have led to a “vertical” rise in cities, and people have had to adapt to the crowding to maintain these relatively false land values. Paradoxically, the best way to try to eliminate congestion is to create more.Partial dispersions, or false dispersions, develop large tracts of land far from the traditional town center, merely moving disease to the periphery of the town. There is no cure if it is n ot combined with the reconstruction of the town’s transport system. To this end, the necessity of laying complex intersections strongly influences engineering solutions, which in turn are frustrated by exaggerated land prices.2.单选题Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except （） ? 问题1选项A.ingredientsB.elementsponentspounds【答案】A【解析】近义词辨析。
高中英语科技论文翻译单选题40题1. In the field of artificial intelligence, the term "machine learning" is often used to describe a process of ____ data to make predictions.A. analyzingB. analysedC. analysesD. analysis答案：A。
本题考查动词形式。
“analyzing”是动词“analyze”的现在分词形式，在句中作介词“of”的宾语，用动名词形式。
“analysed”是过去分词形式，不符合此处语法。
“analyses”是第三人称单数形式，也不符合。
“analysis”是名词形式，不能作宾语。
2. The development of new energy sources requires advanced technologies and ____ research.A. extensiveB. intensiveC. expensiveD. expansive答案：B。
“extensive”意为“广泛的”；“intensive”意为“深入的，集中的”；“expensive”意为“昂贵的”；“expansive”意为“广阔的，辽阔的”。
在科技论文中，新能源的发展需要深入集中的研究，所以选B。
3. The concept of "quantum mechanics" is one of the most ____ theories in modern physics.A. complexB. simpleC. easyD. common答案：A。
“complex”表示“复杂的”；“simple”表示“简单的”；“easy”表示“容易的”；“common”表示“常见的”。
量子力学的概念在现代物理学中是非常复杂的，故选A。
阻碍农业发展英语作文Title: Challenges Hindering Agricultural Development。
Agriculture, being the backbone of many economies, faces numerous challenges that hinder its development. In this essay, we will delve into some of these obstacles and explore potential solutions.Firstly, one of the primary impediments to agricultural development is inadequate access to resources. Farmers often lack essential resources such as land, water, seeds, and fertilizers. Limited access to modern farming technologies and machinery further exacerbates the problem. This scarcity hampers productivity and prevents farmers from maximizing their yields. To address this challenge, governments and organizations should invest in infrastructure development, provide subsidies for essential resources, and offer training programs on modern farming techniques.Secondly, erratic weather patterns and climate change pose significant threats to agriculture. Extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms can devastate crops and livestock, leading to substantial losses for farmers. Climate change also alters temperature and precipitation patterns, affecting crop growth cycles and pest dynamics. To mitigate these risks, adaptation strategies such as crop diversification, water management systems, and the promotion of resilient crop varieties should be implemented. Additionally, global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are crucial in addressing the root cause of climate change.Thirdly, pest and disease outbreaks present significant challenges to agricultural productivity. Pests and diseases can ravage crops and livestock, causing massive economic losses for farmers. The overuse of pesticides and antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant strains, further complicating control efforts. Integrated pest management practices, including biological control methods and the use of resistant crop varieties, can help minimize the reliance on chemical inputs and reduce the risk ofresistance development. Furthermore, strengthening veterinary and plant health systems is essential for early detection and rapid response to disease outbreaks.Another obstacle to agricultural development is market access and trade barriers. Small-scale farmers often struggle to access markets due to limited transportation infrastructure and market information. Moreover, trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and sanitary regulations can hinder exports and limit farmers' access to lucrative markets. Enhancing market infrastructure, improving access to market information through technology, and advocating for fair trade policies are essential steps to overcome these challenges.Furthermore, socio-economic factors such as poverty, land tenure systems, and gender inequality also impede agricultural development. Poverty forces many smallholder farmers into subsistence farming, trapping them in a cycle of low productivity and limited access to markets. Inadequate land tenure systems and gender disparities restrict women's access to land, credit, and agriculturalextension services, undermining their contribution to agricultural production. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive policies that promote inclusive rural development, provide secure land rights for smallholder farmers, and empower women through education and access to resources.In conclusion, agricultural development faces numerous challenges ranging from resource constraints and climate change to market access barriers and socio-economic inequalities. Addressing these obstacles requires a multi-dimensional approach involving governments, international organizations, civil society, and the private sector. By investing in infrastructure, promoting sustainable farming practices, enhancing market access, and addressing social inequalities, we can overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of agriculture to alleviate poverty, ensure food security, and promote sustainable development.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题From her conversation I ______ that she had a large family.问题1选项A.estimatedB.suspectedC.predictedD.deduced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项estimated“（对数量、成本等的）估计”；B选项suspected“怀疑；觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）”；C选项predicted“预言”；D选项deduced“推断”。
句意：从和她的谈话中我______她有一个大家庭。
根据语境，通过谈话得出她有一个大家庭，谈话中得出信息和事实，deduced“推断”符合题意。
因此D选项正确。
2.单选题Spies may have a number of ______ names and papers.问题1选项A.artificialB.syntheticC.falseD.pretended【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，an artificial limb“假肢”；B 选项synthetic“（用化学物质人工）合成的”，synthetic drugs“合成药物”；C选项false“伪造的”，a false passport“假护照”；D选项pretended“假装的”。
句意：间谍可能有许多______的名字和文件。
根据语境，间谍为了假冒身份，有许多false“伪造的”文件。
因此C选项正确。
3.单选题______ human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain.问题1选项A.DeliberateB.ConsistentC.AbnormalD.Primitive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
过时的农耕方法英语作文Title: Outdated Agricultural Methods: A Barrier to Progress。
In today's rapidly evolving agricultural landscape, the persistence of outdated farming techniques poses a significant challenge to progress and sustainability. Despite advancements in technology and knowledge, many farmers around the world still cling to traditional methods that are inefficient, environmentally damaging, and often yield subpar results. In this essay, we will explore the detrimental effects of outdated agricultural practices and advocate for their replacement with more modern and sustainable alternatives.Firstly, let's consider the environmental impact of outdated farming methods. Practices such as excessive tilling, monocropping, and overuse of chemical pesticides and fertilizers degrade soil quality, deplete natural resources, and contribute to biodiversity loss. Thesemethods not only harm the environment but also jeopardize the long-term viability of agricultural systems bydegrading the very resources upon which they depend.Moreover, outdated farming techniques often result in lower yields and diminished profitability for farmers. Monocropping, for instance, makes crops more susceptible to pests and diseases, leading to increased reliance on chemical inputs and greater financial risks. Similarly, inefficient irrigation practices waste water and reduce overall productivity. In a world where food security is already a pressing concern, clinging to methods that compromise yield and profitability is simply unsustainable.Furthermore, the social implications of outdated agricultural practices cannot be overlooked. Smallholder farmers, who are disproportionately affected by the adverse effects of climate change and resource depletion, oftenlack access to the knowledge and resources needed to transition to more sustainable practices. This perpetuatesa cycle of poverty and food insecurity in rural communities, exacerbating social inequalities and hindering overalldevelopment.However, the solution to these challenges lies in embracing innovation and adopting modern farming techniques. Sustainable agriculture, which encompasses practices suchas conservation tillage, crop rotation, integrated pest management, and precision farming, offers a way forward. By prioritizing soil health, biodiversity, and resource efficiency, sustainable agriculture not only mitigates environmental impact but also enhances resilience and profitability for farmers.Moreover, the adoption of modern technology, such as precision agriculture tools, drones, and sensor-based irrigation systems, empowers farmers to make data-driven decisions and optimize resource use. This not only improves productivity and profitability but also reduces environmental footprint and enhances resilience to climate change.In addition to technological advancements, promoting knowledge sharing and capacity building among farmers iscrucial for driving the transition to more sustainable practices. Extension services, farmer training programs, and peer-to-peer learning networks can provide farmers with the skills and information they need to adopt new techniques and overcome challenges.Policy interventions are also essential to incentivize the adoption of sustainable farming practices and phase out outdated methods. Subsidies and financial incentives can encourage farmers to invest in sustainable agriculture, while regulations and market incentives can promote the use of environmentally friendly practices and products.In conclusion, outdated agricultural methods represent a barrier to progress and sustainability in the modern world. By embracing innovation, investing in sustainable practices, and promoting knowledge sharing and policy interventions, we can overcome these challenges and build a more resilient, equitable, and environmentally friendly food system for future generations. It is imperative that we act now to ensure a sustainable future for agriculture and the planet.。
大学英语第三册作业题（2014更新版）一、单项选择题1. He is watching TV? He is _____ to be cleaning his room. A) known B) supposed C) regarded D) considered2. The Smiths decided to _____ a boy and a girl though they already had three children. A) adapt B) bring C) receive D) adopt3. The newspaper didn’t mention the ___ of the damage caused by the fire.A) range B) level C) extent D) quantity4. We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty. A) owes B) spoils C) deserts D) neglects5. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production _______. A) facilities B) hens C) votes D) artists6. Free medical service is _______ to nearly all the college students in China. A) favorite B) available C) convenient D) average7. Iron supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to ____ , and may be poisonous in some cases.A) throw away B) throw up C) throw in D) throw out8. Grant Wood instantly ____ to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. A) arise B) rise C) rose D) raised9. James Montgomery is famous for his army ____posters of World Wars I and II. A) recruited B) recruiting C) recruit D) recrutation10. If you had been ____ in your study, you would have passed the examination without any difficulty.A) big-minded B) single-minded C) broad-minded D)narrow-minded11. My English professor told me to____ my vocabulary, to ____ my sentence length and to ____ my tone.A) amplify; justify; enlarge B)enlarge; justify; diversify C) diversify; enlarge; amplify D) enlarge; amplify; diversify12. The Buffalo nickel was ____ in memory of the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.A) descended B) designed C) deprived D) detailed13. The point in ____ by correspondence is not whether we should do it but whether we can do it.A) argument B) debate C) dispute D) controversy14. ____ their difference, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.A) But for B) For all C) Above all D) Except for15. The early pioneers had to ____ many hardships to settle on the new land. A) go into B) go through C) go back on D) go about16. We should keep a ____ eye on the prisoners every moment. A) jealous B) envious C) jealousy D) envy17. I would appreciate ____ it a secret. A) your keeping B) you to keep C) that you keep D) that you will keep18. Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular ____ for 30 million participants of the ages.A) fantasy B) pastime C) symposium D) penalty19. Now the cheers and applause ____ in a single sustained roar. A) mingled B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated20. I couldn’t find ____ , and so I took this one.A) a large enough coat B) an enough large coat C) a large coat enough D) a coat enough large21. ____ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. A) Before B) Until C) From D) Since22. Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to ____ storming into the boss’s office.A) prevent B) prohibit C) turn D) avoid23. They are sure they have all the facts they need to ____ the existence of a black hole. A) obtain B) maintain C) verify D) display24. The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ____.A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity25. It is not ---_______ for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research.A) continuous B) difficult C) convenient D) sufficientHe is the only person who can ____ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.A) testify B) charge C) accuse D) rectify27. This boy was _______ for what he had done in the class. A) scolded B) overcome C) inclined D) displayed28. On weekend my grandpa usually ____ a glass of wine. A) subscribes B) engages in C) hangs on D) indulges in29. The leader of the expedition ____ everyone to follow his example. A) promoted B) reinforced C)sparked D) inspired30. We must look beyond ____ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A) justifications B) illusions C) manifestations D) specifications31. The government is trying to do something to ____ better understanding between the two nations .A) raise B) promote C) heighten D) increase32. The soldier was _____ of running away when the enemy attacked. A) scolded B) charged C) accused D) punished33. People appreciate ____ with him because he has a good sense of humor.A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having worked34. When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s _______.A) surface B) atmosphere C) attitude D) bent35. We are _______ at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester.36. He tried to _______relations with his former wife but he failed. A) measure B) maintain C) shelter D) reply37. It can be said without any ____ that this factory can products 100,000 bikes every month.A) boast B) exaggerate C) boastful D) exaggeration38. An employee told the government official that “US” is short ____ “Uncle Sam”.A) for B) to C) with D) on39. The committee did not ____ of the plan to build a new bridge over the river, for it will cost too much.A) prove B) approve C) disapprove D) disproveA few villagers were ____ of “Lord Williams” but most saw nothing that aroused doubts until later.A) suspicious B) suspicion C) doubtable D) doubted41. Women do not usually eat the recommended daily ____ of iron. A) section B) allowance C) share D) part42. He wasn’t ___ to sit and watch, but he could not stand unaided on the soft sand because of his lameness.A) conceited B) content C) concept D) concentrated43. We ____ Edi son’s success to his intelligence and hard work.A) subject B) attribute C) owe D)refer44. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ____ in the area on the might of the fire.A) to be B) to have been C) having been D) be45. She accused the man _____ breaking into her house. A) at B) of C) for D) with46. Many people like white color as it is a ____ of purity. A) symbol B) sign C) signal D) symptom47. Everyone should be ____ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A) attributed B) entitled C) identified D) justified48. You have nothing to ____ by refusing to listen to our advice. A) gain B) grasp C)seize D) earn49. On weekend my grandpa usually ____ a glass of wine. A) subscribes B) engages in C) hangs on D) indulges in50. Though ____ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A) grown B) raised C) tended D) cultivated51. The manager urged his staff not to ____ the splendid opportunity. A) drop B) miss C) escape D) slide52. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ____. A) mature B) deliberate C) meaningful D) innocent53. This is the nurse who ____ to me when I was ill in hospital A) accompanied B) attended C) entertained D) shielded54. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only ____ to his confusion. A) extended B) amounted C) added D) turned55. This morning in the class, our teacher lost his _______ at last because he could not stand any more.A) temper B) terror C) verse D) contain56.He keeps on with physical training in winter ___________cold it is .A) whatever B) no matter how C) whether or not D) although57. The woman was worried about the side effects of taking aspirins, but her doctor____ her that it is absolutely harmless.A) retrieved B) released C) reassured D) revived58. We should make a clear ____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.A) separation B) discrimination C) deviation D) distinction59. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ____.A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied60. His wife is constantly finding ____ with him, which makes him very angry. A) errors B) shortcomings C) fault D) flaw61. We must look beyond ____ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A) justifications B) illusions C) manifestations D) specifications62. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ____.A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied63. He is watching TV? He is _____ to be cleaning his room. A) known B) supposed C) regarded D) considered64. The Smiths decided to _____ a boy and a girl though they already had three children.A) adapt B) bring C) receive D) adopt65. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ____ I heard voices. A) as B) when C) after D) while66. We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty. A) owes B) spoils C) deserts D) neglects67. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production _______. A) facilities B) hens C) votes D) artists68. Free medical service is ____ to nearly all the college students in China. A) favorite B) available C) convenient D) average69. Iron supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to ____ , and may be poisonous in some cases.A) throw away B) throw up C) throw in D) throw out70. Grant Wood instantly ____ to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. A) arise B) rise C) rose D) raised71. I rub cream into the old woman’s yellow skin, feeling perfectly the ____ of each bone in the back.A) outline B) organization C) structure D) frame72. If you had been ____ in your study, you would have passed the examination without any difficulty.A) big-minded B) single-minded C) broad-minded D)narrow-minded73. My English professor told me to____ my vocabulary, to ____ my sentence length and to ____ my tone.A) amplify; justify; enlarge B)enlarge; justify; diversify C) diversify; enlarge; amplify D) enlarge; amplify; diversif y74. Women do not usually eat the recommended daily ____ of iron。
农业进步但仍有人挨饿雅思作文英文回答：Despite advancements in agriculture, there are still people who suffer from hunger. This issue can be attributed to various factors.Firstly, one reason why people still go hungry is the unequal distribution of resources. While some regions and countries have an abundance of food, others struggle to produce enough to feed their population. This imbalance in resource allocation leads to food insecurity and hunger in certain areas.Secondly, the lack of access to modern agricultural technologies and practices also contributes to hunger. Many developing countries, particularly in Africa and parts of Asia, still heavily rely on traditional farming methodsthat are less efficient and yield lower crop production. The absence of advanced technologies, such as irrigationsystems or improved seeds, hinders agricultural productivity and exacerbates food shortages.Furthermore, climate change poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity and food security. Extreme weather events, such as droughts or floods, can destroy crops and livestock, leading to food scarcity. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns also affect crop growth and reduce yields. As climate change intensifies, the vulnerability of agricultural systems increases, making it harder for farmers to produce enough food to meet the needs of the population.Additionally, poverty and economic inequality play a crucial role in perpetuating hunger. Many individuals and families lack the financial means to purchase nutritious food or invest in agricultural activities. Limited access to credit, land, and markets further restricts their ability to improve their food production and income. As a result, they remain trapped in a cycle of poverty and hunger.In conclusion, although agriculture has madesignificant progress, hunger persists due to unequal resource distribution, limited access to modern technologies, the impact of climate change, and economic inequality. Addressing these underlying issues is crucialto ensure food security for all.中文回答：尽管农业取得了进步，但仍有人挨饿。
农业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common agricultural tool?A. TractorB. ScytheC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. What is the term for the process where plants convert sunlight into energy?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. TranspirationD. Fermentation3. The primary purpose of crop rotation is to:A. Increase yieldB. Prevent soil depletionC. Attract pollinatorsD. Improve soil structure4. What is the main component of fertilizers used to promote plant growth?A. NitrogenB. PhosphorusC. PotassiumD. All of the above5. In agriculture, what does the term "drought" refer to?A. A prolonged period of insufficient rainfallB. A type of irrigation systemC. A method of soil preparationD. A type of crop disease6. Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?A. Carbon dioxideB. MethaneC. Nitrous oxideD. Oxygen7. What is the role of bees in agriculture?A. PollinationB. Pest controlC. Soil aerationD. Crop harvesting8. The practice of organic farming involves:A. The use of synthetic pesticidesB. The use of genetically modified organismsC. The avoidance of chemical fertilizersD. The use of monoculture9. What is the term for the process of selecting and breeding plants to achieve desired traits?A. CroppingB. CultivationC. Plant breedingD. Harvesting10. The term "sustainable agriculture" refers to farming practices that:A. Maximize short-term profitsB. Focus solely on crop yieldC. Are environmentally friendly and economically viableD. Rely on non-renewable resources答案：1. C2. A3. B4. D5. A6. D7. A8. C9. C10. C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The process of _______ is essential for plant growth, where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.(Answer: Photosynthesis)2. In agriculture, a _______ is a machine used for plowing and turning the soil.(Answer: Plow)3. The _______ is a period of the year when the weather is typically warm and dry, which is ideal for growing crops. (Answer: Growing season)4. The use of pesticides can sometimes lead to _______, where pests develop resistance to the chemicals.(Answer: Pesticide resistance)5. _______ farming is a method of farming that does not rely on artificial fertilizers or pesticides.(Answer: Organic)6. _______ is the process of preparing the soil for planting by removing weeds and loosening the soil.(Answer: Tilling)7. A _______ is a structure used in agriculture to protect crops from harsh weather conditions.(Answer: Greenhouse)8. The _______ is the part of a plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.(Answer: Root)9. _______ is the practice of planting different crops in the same field in successive seasons.(Answer: Crop rotation)10. _______ is a type of farming that involves the use of technology and machinery to increase efficiency.(Answer: Industrial)三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the benefits of crop rotation?(Answer: Crop rotation helps to maintain soil fertility by preventing the depletion of certain nutrients, reduces the build-up of pests and diseases specific to certain crops, and can improve soil structure.)2. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.(Answer: Integrated pest management is a strategy that combines biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods to control pests in an environmentally friendly way, aiming to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the impact on non-target organisms.)3. What are the main challenges faced by organic farmers?(Answer: Organic farmers face challenges such as lower yields due to the absence of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, higher labor costs for manual pest control and soil management, and the need to find alternative methods for pest and disease control.)4. Describe the role of genetic modification in modern agriculture.(Answer: Genetic modification allows for the creation of crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, and harsh environmental conditions, can tolerate certain herbicides, and may have improved nutritional content。
农业英语作文题Here is an English essay on the topic of agriculture, with the text content exceeding 1000 words as requested:Agriculture plays a crucial role in the global economy and the well-being of human societies. It encompasses the cultivation of crops, the rearing of livestock, and the management of natural resources to provide food, fiber, and other essential products. As the world's population continues to grow, the importance of a thriving and sustainable agricultural sector has become increasingly paramount.One of the primary functions of agriculture is to ensure food security. By producing a diverse range of crops and livestock, farmers can meet the nutritional needs of communities, both locally and globally. This not only helps to alleviate hunger and malnutrition but also contributes to the overall health and well-being of the population. Agricultural practices such as crop rotation, intercropping, and the integration of livestock can also help to improve soil fertility and promote biodiversity, ensuring the long-term viability of food production.In addition to providing food, agriculture is also a significantcontributor to the global economy. The production, processing, and distribution of agricultural goods generate employment opportunities and income for millions of people worldwide. This economic impact extends beyond the farming sector, as the demand for agricultural inputs, machinery, and transportation services also creates jobs in related industries. Furthermore, the export of agricultural commodities can be a valuable source of foreign exchange for many developing countries, helping to drive economic growth and development.One of the key challenges facing the agricultural sector is the need to balance increased food production with environmental sustainability. The intensification of agricultural practices, such as the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, can have a detrimental impact on the natural environment, leading to soil degradation, water pollution, and a loss of biodiversity. To address these concerns, many farmers and agricultural organizations are exploring more sustainable farming practices, such as organic agriculture, integrated pest management, and precision farming techniques.Another significant challenge is the impact of climate change on agricultural systems. Changing weather patterns, including more frequent and severe droughts, floods, and temperature fluctuations, can disrupt crop yields and livestock production. This can have serious consequences for food security, particularly in regions thatare already vulnerable to food insecurity. Addressing the impacts of climate change on agriculture will require a multi-faceted approach, including the development of drought-resistant crop varieties, the implementation of water-efficient irrigation systems, and the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices.Despite these challenges, the agricultural sector has also been at the forefront of technological innovation. Advancements in areas such as precision farming, biotechnology, and data analytics have the potential to enhance crop yields, improve resource efficiency, and reduce the environmental impact of agricultural practices. For example, the use of GPS-guided tractors and drones can help farmers to optimize the application of fertilizers and pesticides, while the development of genetically modified crops can increase resistance to pests and diseases.The role of education and research in the agricultural sector cannot be overstated. Universities, research institutes, and extension services play a crucial role in developing new technologies, disseminating best practices, and training the next generation of farmers and agricultural professionals. By investing in agricultural research and education, governments and policymakers can help to ensure that the agricultural sector remains responsive to the changing needs of society and the environment.In conclusion, the agricultural sector is a vital component of the global economy and a crucial contributor to human well-being. While the sector faces significant challenges, such as the need to balance increased food production with environmental sustainability and the impacts of climate change, it also holds tremendous potential for innovation and transformation. By embracing sustainable practices, leveraging technological advancements, and investing in education and research, the agricultural sector can continue to play a central role in feeding the world and promoting economic growth and development.。
The Problem of Agricultural Mechanization Development in Our Country The case:With the development of market economy, every industry makes great progress. Agricultural mechanization as the significant symbol of rural social economy and development of agricultural modernization develops very quickly in China under the background of scientific and technological level rapid development. However, in the process of agricultural mechanization development, many problems still be exposed because of the development of rural economy, agricultural machinery industry, as well as the intelligent of the agricultural machinery. Our detailed study and proper treatment measures are needed, so as to promote the healthy development of agricultural mechanization in our country.Analysis:After decades of unremitting efforts, agricultural machinery has large scale in our country, and has many products series which can meet the requirements of agricultural production and the users. But at the same time, under the influence of some disadvantage factors, agricultural mechanization still has some problems in our country. Government has recognized the backwardness of agricultural mechanization in our country and foster vigorously agricultural mechanization factory. The factory should change their management and production to adapt to the needs of the development of agricultural mechanization.Problem 1Lack of funding and research and development ability is weakWhen agricultural mechanization development is at low ebb, some departments of Agricultural Mechanization in agricultural colleges and university of science and technology transform successively. Agricultural mechanization researchers are less and less, so the agricultural machinery technology basic research is too weak. At the same time, national agricultural mechanization research departments are also difficult to make a difference due to restricted by factors such ad lack of funding and the brain drain. Agricultural machinery enterprises, especially small scale farming machinery enterprises because of low profits, most also do not have independent research and development ability. These reasons lead to basic and key technology research is increasingly weakened and lost the foundation. New technology product development lags behind. These factors have a direct effect on agricultural technology promotion. Method:1 The government promotes agricultural mechanization vigorously.Government guidance, service, and control functions should be strengthened. The supporting policies must be implemented and improved. At present, the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy is the most direct and most effective policy to promote the development of agricultural mechanization healthily and rapidly. Government should carry out the macroeconomic regulation and control though the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy. At the same time, government should adjust the structure of the number of agricultural machinery though the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy. Meanwhile the prices of agricultural machinery should be decreased though the centralized bidding. Government should select the subsidyobject to promote agricultural machinery service specialization and support agricultural structure adjustment though adjusting the subsidy scope of implementation way. Above all, government also should strengthen the construction of the set of laws and regulations and perfect the policy such as subsides, fuel tax subsidies and scientific research.2 Providing good services of agricultural machineryThe agricultural mechanization department should advocate actively the healthy and stable development of agricultural machinery market. The agricultural machinery market in each link should be improved which make it convenience to agricultural machinery users to buy and lay a solid foundation for farmers to buy the agricultural machinery. At the same time, mechanical knowledge training of farmers should not be ignored. As we all know the training can improve farmers' sense of learning and arouse the enthusiasm of farmers and improve its operation and maintenance of mechanical ability.3 Increasing government financial support and promoting agricultural mechanization development in an all-round wayIn the production development and innovation, the state should make greater efforts to prop up agricultural mechanization. In our country government should increase its investment in product research and development in order to meet the needs of new development of agriculture. At the same time, our country should give some subsidies to who is engaged in research and development of agricultural machinery, agricultural machinery service as well as the purchase of agricultural machinery users in order to improve the agricultural machinery research and development personnel, service personnel and the user's enthusiasm which can promote the comprehensive development of agricultural mechanization.Problem 2The level of farming machinery technology has obvious gap compared with developed countries.It embodies in the following aspects, firstly, single mechanical technology in China and hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical and electrical integration application abroad have large gap. Secondly, Manual, semiautomatic machine technology in China and foreign automatic, remote control, information technology have large gap. Thirdly, small and medium-sized, single function in China and large, combined with multiple machines working abroad have large gap. Fourthly, preliminary replacement artificial machines working in China and high quality and comfortable operation aboard have large gap. Fifthly, general machinery manufacturing technology and equipment in China and laser cutting and flexible manufacturing and other advanced equipment have large gap. Sixthly, single steel materials in China and metal, plastic, rubber and special steel abroad have large gap. Agricultural machinery research and development is lack of creativity in our country and doesn’t take into account the new dynamic demand of agricultural development which leads to the production efficiency of the enterprise reduction. Above all it restricts the improvement of the level of agricultural mechanization.Method:1 Agricultural machinery enterprises take advantage of its natural and social advantages in the agricultural machinery market and determine their market competition ability.In the process of the agricultural machinery enterprises participating in the activities of the market, if they want to gain the initiative in market competition, they must set an enterprise's development strategy and scientific and reasonable targets based on the present situation, development trend of marketing environment and objective factors of the enterprise itself. Agricultural machinery enterprises should adjust and optimize the industrial structure as soon as possible. They must make efforts to improve the quality of the product, at the same time, accelerate the development of new products and old product improvement. When the government standardizes the market, agricultural machinery enterprises should keep clear risk awareness and improve the overall competitiveness though taking the way of restructuring. Besides, enterprises strengthen international technical cooperation and exchanges to expand the financing channels and accelerate the development of enterprises.2 Promoting agricultural regionalization, standardization, industrialization and marketizationThe key point of the development of the agricultural mechanization is the major staple food crops’ mechaniz ation in order to ensure food production and food security. Agricultural machinery should achieve new breakthrough in grain production mechanization. Now the small piece of land is managed in our country which is not suitable for large agricultural machinery. The state should guide farmers with land reform, such as integration of land which form the farm. It can improve the operation of agricultural machinery that can increase productivity and improve efficiency. Making the most of their advantages, characteristic machinery that adjust the local conditions of economic crops, agricultural facilities, farming and processing industry should be developed. Besides, the operations and services of agricultural mechanization are further developed.3 Enhancing the quality of research and development of agricultural machinery and promoting the development of agricultural machineryGovernment should raise the awareness of agricultural school and improve agricultural students’ subsidies, if necessary can be exempted from students' tuition fees. In the society, the lack of agricultural machinery talents should be propagandized in order to make more people understand the talent gap of agricultural machinery. In the school, the contact between students with enterprises should be increased in order to make the students get more exercise at school so they can directly involved in the agricultural machinery research and development after graduation which can shorten the development cycle of agricultural machinery and promote the development of agricultural machinery in our country.Problem 3Manufacturing and equipment technology is backward and production concentration and product technology content is lowWith the deepening of market economy, the old agricultural machineryenterprises’burden is increasing. Due to the disadvantages which are exposed increasingly, significant changes have taken place in agricultural machinery market pattern. It certainly would limit the size of the enterprise's development, and also restrict the improvement of enterprise equipment and manufacturing technology. Enterprise production, especially agricultural machinery product, technology content is not high which can't form a higher added value; thereby the development of the economy is limited. The overall levels of agricultural machinery products are generally lower in our country and the quality of the product is poorer. Firstly, products’ level of security is low and lots of products do not according to the standard production which lead to many products do not conform to the specifications. Secondly, levels of service of the most of agricultural machinery products are poor and product maintenance or replacement are not in right place. Method:1 Strengthening scientific and technological innovation ability of agricultural mechanizationIn order to solve the problem that agricultural science and technology innovation is far behind, we must improve the new technology and instruments of agriculture and make use of key crops, surrounding the strategy of the development of the great agriculture. In order to strengthen the independent innovation capability and technical reserves, we must focused on solving agricultural machinery and new technology research and development of new machines in general lag which can not meet the needs of structural adjustment and other issues. In order to strengthen the promotion and application of advanced and applicable technologies, we must insist on combine self-innovation and introduction innovation. We should gradually reduce and eliminate backward equipment which is not conducive to environmental protection and sustainable development, according to agricultural production needs and technology trends. In order to give full play to the social forces, we should implement the development and production of a major new agricultural machinery products and ancillary equipment. In order to guide agricultural enterprises intensify research and development of key technologies and products, we should pull the market. We should gradually form to promote sustainable agricultural mechanization system technology innovation system and a virtuous cycle of development through policy support, research and development, demonstration and market mechanisms.2 Advancing the overall development of agricultural mechanizationWe could advance the overall development of agricultural mechanization through the implementation of mechanized food industry works, characteristics of agricultural mechanization projects, conservation tillage and conservation agriculture mechanization engineering technology promotion projects and other projects, in order to enhance China's comprehensive agricultural production capacity and promote agricultural and rural economic development to provide material and technical support.3 Studying the agricultural machinery technology from developed countriesAs we all know, agricultural machinery research and development started very late in China. There must be a big gap compared with the developed countries. Ourcountry should study hardly the developed countries’ advanced technology. We can use the advanced and suitable for our country's technical to develop our agricultural mechanization. When WE introduce the advanced technology, we must pay attention to the applicability of the technology. At the same time, we must innovate. Conclusion:Though the above analysis, I consider that government and enterprises should take measures to reduce the gap between our country and developed country. In my opinion, the government should be dominated in the agricultural mechanization and the enterprises should innovate. There are three methods which is the most important.1 Advancing the technology of product and improving the capacity of self-creationIt is imperative to improve the technological content. Departments should actively develop new technical talent and improve the capacity of self-creation which can commit to research new products. Agricultural enterprises should fully combine the various departments and units of product development work. At the same time, we should make our owe creation by introducing of foreign advanced agricultural theory, combining with China's development and learning a foreign product development and management. Also we should increase research and development investment and improve the technological content of products.2 Area planning and construction of specialized agricultural productionWe could obtain efficient agricultural production in state farm among state farm and grain and commodity cotton base. But in most of our countries, the land management mode is small area of operations, decentralized management and independent operators. Those kinds of management can increase the operating cost and increased the difficulty of agricultural mechanization. In the condition of insufficient land transfer, government and farmers should concentrate into a piece of planting the same crop or even unify to schedule, plant and harvest.Agricultural Area construction should respect the wishes of farmers. Government propaganda and guidance and farmers voluntarily join. Agriculture departments should invest in money, technology and machines firstly and built demonstration area. In the demonstration area, we should uniform planting of agricultural production, management and harvesting. Finally we divide the income according to the proportion of investment size.By this way, the level of agricultural machinery operation can be raised and farmers' income increase in Agricultural Production Professional Area. Finally, we could concentrate of production operation and circulation, implement agricultural mechanization and effectively decentralize land management and mechanization combination through partition according to land location.3 Implementing agricultural machinery subsidiesMechanical replacing artificial improves the working efficiency obviously. The original manual labors are replaced by machinery. The implementation of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy promotes the agricultural mechanization level and greatly reduces the employment of agricultural worker, so rural labor transfer to the second and third industry. The implementation of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy greatly promotes the development of theagricultural machinery industry in China. Under the stimulus of policy, the original part of the potential of farmers' demand for agricultural machinery is transformed into realistic effective purchasing power which makes a lot of agricultural machinery enterprises to expand the farm machinery market. At the same time, agricultural machinery market competition will be more intense. Agricultural machinery industry will be undoubtedly improved fast in the competition.。
