人教新课标版语文高二-海南省国科园实验学校2015至2016学年高二下学期期末考试语文

海南国科园实验学校2015—2016学年第二学期期中考试高二年级英语试题I. 词汇（30）①英汉互译（每小题1分，共15分）1.intellectual2.qualified3.感激的(adj.) g_________4.个性 (n) p________5. shelter __________6. reputation __________7.警告 w__________ 8.打扰 d__________9. 使人放松的 (adj.) r_________ 10. 自由 (n) f________11. 躲藏 (v) h____________ 12. 贸易 (n.) t____________13.外向的(adj.) o_________ 14. 坚决的 d__________15. transport ____________②. 短语：在空白处填上适当的词（每小题1分，共15分）16. 平均 ____ average 17. 尤其，特别 ____ particular18. 遭受…痛苦 suffer _____ 19.注意到 take notice _____20.以为…当然 take …___ granted 21. . see..._____ 把...看做22. 使某人吃惊的是__ one’s astonishment 23. 编造；组成 make ____ 24. 捉弄某人 play a trick ___ sb. 25. 以…为背景 be set ___26. 首先 to start _____ 27.consist ______ 由...组成28. come to _____ end 完结 29. the key ____ ...的关键30. pay attention ______ 注意Ⅱ.阅读理解：（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）AYoung people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates.Li Wen，a junior 2 student from No.2 Middle School，could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife.Another student,16­year­old Yang Fang from No.1 Middle School，was afraid of exams. She got very worried in one，and when she looked at the exam paper，she couldn't think of anything to write.A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental problems. Their troubles include being worried and very unhappy，and having problems in learning and getting on with people. Many students who have problems won't go for advice or help. Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others don't want to talk about their secrets.Liang Yuezhu，an expert on teenagers from Beijing Anding Hospital has the followingadvice for teenagers：·Talk to your parents or teachers often.·Take part in group activities and play sports.·Go t o see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell.31．The students who often become worried or have trouble getting on with others may have________.A．no parents B．a headacheC．knife with them D．mental problems32．Li Wen cut his finger with a knife because________.A．he was afraid of his teacher B．he was so worried about his studies C．he wanted to frighten his parents D．his finger was badly hurt33．Yang Fang's problem happened when________.A．she had exams B．she studied very hardC．she talked with her parents D．she thought of something34．Liang Yuezhu's advice tells us that ________.A．it's unnecessary for them to be with others B．only group activities and sports can help themC．it's better for the students who have mental problems to join othersD．teachers and parents can't do anything about mental problemsBMany years ago，when I was working as a volunteer at a hospital，I got to know a little girl named Lisa．The poor little girl had a very serious disease and was dying．The doctor had done his best but no medicine really worked．The only chance to save her seemed to be a blood transfusion from her five-year-old brother．The little boy had the same disease before and had developed the antibodies to fight the illness．The doctor talked to the little boy about what they planned to do，and asked him if he wouldbe willing to give his blood to his sister．I saw him hesitate for a moment．He took a deep breath and said，“Yes，I’ll do it if it can save Lisa．”As the transfusion was going on，the little boy lay quietly in bed next to his sister．He 1ookedat her and smiled all the time．When everything was done and the colour returned to his sister’sface，his smile disappeared and he looked a little afraid．He 1ooked up at the doctorand asked，“Will I start to die now?”He was too young to understand the doctor．He thought he would have to give all his blood tohis sister，but he agreed．35．What happened to the 1ittle girl named Lisa?A．She died of a very serious disease．B．She got better with the antibodies from her brother．C．She lost her little brother．D．The transfusion failed and her illness got worse．36．How did the five-ye ar-o1d boy understand the doctor’s plan?A．He thought he was going to lose all his blood．B．He thought he was going to be killed．C．He thought he was going to die together with his sister．D．He thought he was going to die when he grew up．·37. What did the boy feel when the doctor talked to him about the transfusion?A．He was unhappy to help his sister．B．He was so afraid that he refused to do anything．C．He was worried about his sister．D．He was willing to give his blood．38. The writer still remember the story many years later_________.A. because the little girl had a very strange diseaseB. because the sister and brother had the same diseaseC. because the doctor saved the little girl’s lifeD. because of what the boy did for his sisterCIf you've often been told that you need to build up y our self­confidence, but didn't know exactly how, the following is a guide that will help you get there.Understand your weak points. Everyone has weaknesses. Once you discover your weaknesses, work to overcome them. If, for example, you are a shy person, attend a social event and force yourself to speak to at least one or two people first. You'll discover that others appreciate your friendliness, and your nervousness will slowly disappear.Spend time with positive people. People influence our lives. Spend time withsuccessful, confident people at school and work. Please observe their behavior, their verbal and nonverbal language, and their ways of handling difficult situations. Remember, even these people have had to deal with a lack of confidence at one time or another.Set personal goals for yourself. If you have a fear you need to overcome, challenge yourself to face that fear head on. Set goals for yourself. With each goal you meet, your self­confidence will increase. If you're afraid of trying new things because you might “fail，” give yourself a chance.Greet each day with a sense of opportunity. Start your mornings by reading something inspirational. Think positively about yourself, and greet each day with enthusiasm and a renewed energy for living.Don't fear refuse. All of us have experienced and will continue to experience refuse in our lives. Try not to take refuse personally. Sometimes constructive criticism can be perceived as a form of rejection to a personal suffering from low self­esteem. Remind yourself that you are an excellent person and that you are not afraid to take risks. 39．If you're afraid to communicate with people, you should________.A．Understand your weak pointsB．spend time with talkable peopleC．attend social events and speak to peopleD．have others appreciate your friendness40．The underlined word probably means________.A．encouraging B．educational C．impressive D．meaningful41．From the passage we can learn________.A．positive people are always self­confidentB．self­co nfidence can't be gained easilyC．a faraway goal can be helpful to a person's self­confidenceD．cheerful mood can bring people opportunity42．The BEST title of this passage is________.A．why people want to develop self­confidenceB．tips to develop self­con fidenceC．how to overcome one's weaknessesD．how to challenge yourself to face fearDI have a new hero. It is G. M. Hennen. I found him in the old newspapers as I was doing my research for the column A Look Back in History.In 1958, he retired as a newspaper carrier from the Sherman Herald Democrat. He was 77 years old and had delivered four million copies of the Democrat. He had gone through 17 automobiles and had thrown on average 400 newspapers a day, six days a week. He drove 100 miles a day, including the day he collected.Before he was a newspaper carrier, he was also a teacher and a construction worker.He opened the first motor delivery route in the newspaper’s history. Driving a Model T Ford, his route consisted of Pottsboro, Gordonville, Sadler and Southmayd. Before he started in delivery, he solicited(征求) subscriptions(订阅) riding horseback over the county.Mr. Henne n had only one wreck in 30 years. The car spun(疾驶) out of control and flipped on its top. That didn’t stop him. A man with a tru ck used a tow rope to flip the car back over and tied the doors shut, leaving Mr. Hennen to continue on his way. Now that was determination!Mr. Hennen told of the time his headlights went out as he was delivering newspapers. He borrowed a kerosene lantern(煤油灯) from a farmer to light the way and continued his route.What a story! I complain when I have to drive to work when it is snowing, and I only have to travel three miles. I could never be that tough.43. What does the underlined word “wreck” mean a ccording to the fifth paragraph?A. Luck.B. Success.C. Failure.D. Accident.44. What do we learn from the underlined sentence?A. Mr. Hennen was a successful worker.B. Mr. Hennen was devoted to his job.C. Mr. Hennen was not afraid of death.D. Mr. Hennen was silly.45. What is the main idea of the text?A. Mr. Hennen had several jobs.B. Mr. Hennen was once faced with a wreck.C. Mr. Hennen loved his newspaper carrying work.D. Mr. Hennen had delivered four million copies of the Democrat.E七选五Ways to Save TimeWe all wish we had just a bit more time. Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or spring-clean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar and so on.46 But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.1. Get Out of Bed EarlierIf you normally get up at 7: 30 a. m. , try getting up at 7: 00 a. m. That half-hour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book you’ve been meaning to finish. 472. Do the Important Tasks FirstOnce you get to work, get the important ones done first(not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones). You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones.48 The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won’t miss the important ones.3. Reduce InterruptionsIf colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing, you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter. Constant interruptions don’t just eat up time, they also break your concentration.When you’ve got a big task t o focus on, let your calls go to voicemail. 49 Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.4. 50A few minutes chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time over the course of a day.When you’re working, work. If your concentration is slipp ing, take a proper break: go and get a glass of water, or stretch your legs a bit. And if you’re facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it’s easier to deal with.A. Stay Focused on Your WorkB. Take Breaks When NecessaryC. If you have an office door, close it.D. If you work like this, you’ll usually save time.E. Would you want me to make your day longer?F. I can’t magically make all your days 25 hours long.G. Or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start.Ⅲ.完形填空(30)I will never forget that day when I was involved in a serious car accident. I became lame (瘸的) in both legs in my childhood, so I can't 51 without the support of two sticks. Only in my wheelchair can I "walk", I felt very self-abased（自卑的）and lonely.I still remember the first day at 52 . When I appeared at the door, 53 in the classroom stared at me in 54 . At that moment my face turned 55 . I was so shy that I couldn't help 56 back. However, it was the 57 and sympathy in the ir eyes that 58 me doing so. I went shyly towards a seat.Being lame, I didn't dare to 59 in front of my classmates. I was afraid thatI might be 60 at. In those days I was very sad to see others walking 61 .One day, a few students came up to me and asked me to go outside. I was really 62 . They encouraged me with a（n） 63 smile and they were even happy to 64 me in my wheelchair from place to place. I was 65 to them for giving me a chance to see the 66 of our lovely school with my own eyes.After that we often read, played and talked together. My friends were always 67 to help me. It made me 68 I am handicapped（残疾的）.Once they asked me," 69 is the most beautiful thing in our school?" Without thinking, I said, "It is the 70 ."51. A. fly B. jump C. sit D. stand52. A. school B. wheelchair C. home D. hospital53. A. he B. she C. everyone D. nobody54. A. thought B. interest C. anger D. surprise55. A. red B. brown C. white D. black56. A. calling B. hiding C. coming D.turning57. A. pain B. kindness C. confidence D. sadness58. A. enjoyed B. suggested C. prevented D.forbade59. A. walk B. study C. practice D. speak60. A. laughed B. smiled C. run D. rushed61. A. quietly B. slowly C. happily D. shyly62. A. brave B. mad C. proud D. excited63. A. cruel B. friendly C. lonely D. handsome64. A. push B. lift C. press D. pull65. A. satisfied B. sorry C. rude D. grateful66. A. signs B. sights C. buildings D. students67. A. ready B. modest C. bored D. confident68. A. forget B. remember C. imagine D. think69. A. When B. Where C. What D. Why70. A. teachers B. schoolyard C. classmates D. friendshipⅣ.语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

海南国科园实验学校2015—2016学年度第二学期、
期中考试高二年级数学（理科）试卷
考试时间：120分钟满分：150分
＋(
3．3科老师都布置了作业，在同一时刻4名学生都做作业的可能情况有（）
（A）43种（B）34种（C）4×3×2种（D） 1×2×3种
＝7
9．已知集合M={l，－2，3}，N={－4， 5，6，7}，从两个集合中各取一个元素作为点的坐标，则这样的坐标在直角坐标系中可表示第一、二象限内不同的点的个数是（）（A）18 （B）17 （C）16 （D）10
上的单调增函数，则
)，
__________. 本小题满分
≥2
22．(本小题满分12分)
已知函数f(x)＝x2－m ln x，h(x)＝x2－x＋a.
(1)当a＝0时，f(x)≥h(x)在(1，＋∞)上恒成立，求实数m的取值范围；
(2)当m＝2时，若函数k(x)＝f(x)－h(x)在区间(1,3)上恰有两个不同零点，求实数a的取值范围．
海南国科园实验学校2015-2016学年度第二学期
期中考试高二理科数学答案
一、
选择题
CBBCA CAABD DC
，y ∴a ＝49
.
1,1)
1,0)
(x
为增函数，而
a＋cos C
2＋
c＋cos A
2
＋c cos
b2＋
－2ln3.。

海南国科园实验学校2015-2016学年度第二学期期中考试高二年级生物学科试题时间：90分钟满分：100分单项选择（本题包括15小题，每小题2分，共30分）1．在利用葡萄自然发酵产生果酒的过程中，未经杀菌，但其他杂菌不能生长的原因是（）A．经冲洗后的葡萄上只有野生型酵母菌无其他杂菌B．其他杂菌不能利用葡萄汁中的糖作碳源C．在缺氧和呈酸性的发酵液中，酵母菌能大量繁殖，其他杂菌不适应环境而被抑制D．酵母菌发酵产生大量酒精，杀死了其他杂菌2．下列关于果酒和果醋的制作原理、发酵过程的叙述中，错误的是（）A．果酒和果醋的发酵菌种不同，但代谢类型相同B．制作果酒和果醋时都应用体积分数为70%的酒精对发酵瓶消毒C．变酸果酒的表面观察到的菌膜可能是醋酸菌的菌落D．果酒和果醋的制作可用同一装置，但需控制不同发酵条件3．下列关于腐乳制作的叙述，错误的是（）A．毛霉可利用其体内的酶将豆腐中的蛋白质分解成小分子肽和氨基酸B．卤汤中酒的含量越高，杂菌繁殖越快，豆腐越易腐败C．用盐腌制腐乳的过程中，要控制盐用量，过低则难以抵制杂菌生长，导致豆腐腐败D．其制作过程可以表示为让豆腐上长出毛霉→加盐腌制→加卤汤装瓶→密封腌制4．关于“腐乳的制作”实验,下列叙述错误的是A．将腐乳坯堆积起来会导致堆内温度升高,影响毛霉生长B．腐乳坯若被细菌污染,则腐乳坯表面会出现黏性物C．勤向腐乳坯表面喷水,有利于毛霉菌丝的生长D．装坛阶段加入料酒,可有效防止杂菌污染5．家庭中制作泡菜的方法：新鲜的蔬菜经过整理、清洁后，放入彻底清洗并用白酒擦拭过的泡菜坛中，然后向坛中加入盐水、香辛料及一些“陈泡菜水”，密封后置于温度适宜的地方．下列与此过程相关的叙述，不正确的是（）A．用白酒擦拭泡菜坛的目的是消毒B．加入“陈泡菜水”的作用是提供乳酸菌菌种C．制作泡菜过程中，有机物的干重和种类将减少D．若制作的泡菜咸而不酸最可能的原因是大量的食盐抑制了乳酸菌的发酵过程6．下列有关泡菜的制作和亚硝酸盐含量的测定的实验叙述中，正确的是（）A．将新鲜蔬菜与煮沸冷却的盐水（盐和清水的质量比为4：1）混匀装瓶B．发酵过程始终要保持密封状态，泡菜坛盖边缘的水槽中要始终装满水C．在酸化条件下，亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酸发生重氮化反应形成玫瑰红色沉淀D．随发酵进行，亚硝酸盐含量逐渐增加，用比色法可进行亚硝酸盐含量的测定7．下列叙述错误的是A．醋酸菌可在有氧条件下利用乙醇产生醋酸B．酵母菌在无氧条件下利用葡萄汁产生酒精C．泡菜腌制利用了乳酸菌的乳酸发酵D．腐乳制作利用毛霉等微生物直接对蛋白质等的分解8．关于植物组织培养及其应用的叙述，正确的是（）A．以植物芽尖为材料通过组织培养可以获得植物新品种B．生长素、细胞分裂素的共同调节作用在组织培养中非常重要C．离体的植物组织、器官必须经过灭菌才能接种到组织培养基中D．在组织培养中，可将未分化状态的细胞诱导形成高度分化的愈伤组织9．将菊花外植体接种到MS培养基，可以培育出菊花试管苗。

海南国科园实验学校2015-2016学年度第二学期期末考试高二物理试卷一、单项选择题：（下列各题所供选项中只有一个是正确的，请将正确选项的序号填在答题卷上指定位置，每题3分，共18分。

）1、如图所示，一个闭合导体圆环固定在水平桌面上，一根条形磁铁沿圆环的轴线运动，使圆环内产生了感应电流。

下列四幅图中，产生的感应电流方向与条形磁铁的运动情况相吻合的是（）2、如图所示，条形磁铁放在水平地面上，两个完全相同的线圈a和b在等高处水平放置，a线圈在N极的正上方，b线圈位于磁铁的正中央，关于它们的磁通量Φa和Φb，下列判断正确的是（）A.Φa＞Φb B．Φa=Φb C．Φa＜Φb D．无法判定3、在如图所示的电路中，L1、L2是两个相同的小灯泡，A、B处的虚线框内各接有一个电学元件。

a、b两端分别与直流电源和交流电源相连接，且直流电源的电压与交流电源电压的有效值相等。

观察两种情况下灯泡的亮度。

当接直流电源时，L1不发光，L2正常发光；当接交流电源时，L1发光，L2明显变暗。

则下列说法正确的是（）A．A中接的是电阻，B中接的是电容器B．A中接的是电感线圈，B中接的是电阻C．A中接的是电感线圈，B中接的是电容器D．A中接的是电容器，B中接的是电感线圈4、一弹簧振子在一条直线上做简谐运动，第一次先后经过M、N两点时速度v（v≠0）相同，那么，下列说法正确的是（）A．振子在M、N两点受回复力相同B．振子在M、N两点对平衡位置的位移相同C．振子在M、N两点加速度大小相等D．从M点到N点，振子先做匀加速运动，后做匀减速运动5．如图所示是一个单摆做受迫振动时的共振曲线，表示振幅A与驱动力的频率f的关系，下列说法正确的是（）A．若增大摆长，共振曲线的“峰”将向右移动B．若增大摆长，共振曲线的“峰”将向左移动C．摆长约为10 cmD．发生共振时单摆的周期为1 s6.一列沿x轴负方向传播的简谐机械横波，波速为2m/s。

某时刻波形如图所示，下列说法中正确的是( )A．这列波的振幅为4cmB．这列波的周期为2sC．此时x = 4m处质点沿y轴正方向运动D．此时x = 4m处质点的速度为0二、多项选择题（下列各题所供选项中，有多个选项是正确的，全选对得5分，部分选对得3分，有错选或者没选得0分，共20分）7.两列频率相同声波，在空气中相遇发生干涉现象时（）A．振动加强质点的位移总是最大，不随时间改变TB π1=B ．在某一时刻，振动加强质点的位移可能小于振动减弱点的位移C ．振动加强质点的位移随时间不断变化D ．振动减弱质点的振幅一定小于振动加强质点的振幅8.如图所示，平行金属导轨MN 和PQ ，他们的电阻可以忽略不计，在M 和P 之间接有阻值 为R=3.0Ω的定值电阻，导体棒ab 长l=0.5m ，其电阻不计，且与导轨接触良好，整个 装置处于方向竖直向上的匀强磁场中，磁感应强度B=0.4T ，现使ab 以v=10m/s 的速度 向右做匀速运动，则以下判断正确的是( ) A ．导体棒ab 中的感应电动势E=2.0v B ．电路中的电流I=0.5AC ．导体棒ab 所受安培力方向向右D ．导体棒ab 所受合力做功为零9.一列横波在t=0时刻的波形如图中实线所示，在t=1s 时刻 的波形如图中虚线所示，由此可以判定此波的（ ） A ．波长一定是4cm B ．周期一定是4sC ．振幅一定是2cmD ．传播速度一定是1cm/s10.如图所示，先后以速度v 1和v 2匀速把一矩形线圈水平拉出有界匀强磁场区域，且v 1=2v 2，则在先后两种情况下（ ） A 线圈中的感应电动势之比为E 1：E 2=2：1 B 线圈中的感应电流之比为I 1：I 2=1：2 C 线圈中产生的焦耳热之比Q 1：Q 2=1：4 D 通过线圈某截面的电荷量之比q 1：q 2=1：1 三、实验题（8+6=14分）11.（1）如图所示为放大的水波照片，两图比例不同，但水波波长相同，则实际孔的尺寸较大的是 图，而 图中有明显的衍射现象．（2）.如图所示是两个相干波源发出的水波，实线表示波峰，虚线表示波谷．已知两列波的振幅都为10cm ，C 点为AB 连线的中点．图中A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个点中，振动减弱的点是 ，从图示时刻起经过半个周期后，A 点的位移为 cm ．（规定竖直向上为位移的正方向）12.如图所示，L 1和L 2是远距离输电的两根高压线，在靠近用户端的某处用电压互感器和电流互感器监测输电参数．在用电高峰期，用户接入电路的用电器逐渐增多的时候．甲 （填增大、减小或不变）；乙 （填增大、减小或不变）．四、计算题（10+12+12+14）13.如图所示，线圈abcd 的面积是0.05m 2，共100匝，线圈电阻为r=1Ω，外接电阻R=4Ω，匀强磁场的磁感应强度为 错误！未找到引用源。

2015-2016学年海南省海口市国科园实验学校高二（下）期末数学试卷（文科）一、选择题（本大题有12小题，每题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．复数在复平面内对应的点位于（）A．第一象限 B．第二象限 C．第三象限 D．第四象限2．两个量y与x的回归模型中，分别选择了4个不同模型，它们的相关指数R2如下，其中拟合效果最好的模型是（）A．模型1的相关指数R2为0.99 B．模型2的相关指数R2为0.88C．模型3的相关指数R2为0.50 D．模型4的相关指数R2为0.203．已知变量x与y线性相关，且由观测数据算得样本平均数分别为=4，=3，则由该观测数据算得的线性回归方程不可能是（）A．=0.2x+2.2 B．=0.3x+1.8 C．=0.4x+1.4 D．=0.5x+1.24．用反证法证明命题“三角形中最多只有一个内角是钝角”时，则假设的内容是（）A．三角形中有两个内角是钝角B．三角形中有三个内角是钝角C．三角形中至少有两个内角是钝角D．三角形中没有一个内角是钝角5．在△ABC中，E，F分别为AB，AC的中点，则有EF∥BC．这个命题的大前提为（）A．三角形的中位线平行于第三边B．三角形的中位线等于第三边的一半C．EF为中位线D．EF∥CB6．运行图所示的程度框图，若输出结果为，则判断框中应该填的条件是（）A．k＞5 B．k＞6 C．k＞7 D．k＞87．观察下列各式：a+b=1，a2+b2=3，a3+b3=4，a4+b4=7，a5+b5=11，…，则a10+b10=（）A．28 B．76 C．123 D．1998．极坐标方程ρcos2θ=4sin θ所表示的曲线是（）A．一条直线 B．一个圆C．一条抛物线D．一条双曲线9．在极坐标系中，圆ρ=﹣2sinθ的圆心的极坐标系是（）A．B．C．（1，0）D．（1，π）10．直线和圆x2+y2=16交于A，B两点，则AB的中点坐标为（）A．（3，﹣3）B．C．D．11．给出下面类比推理命题（其中Q为有理数集，R为实数集，C为复数集）①“若a，b∈R，则a﹣b=0⇒a=b”类比推出“若a，b∈C，则a﹣b=0⇒a=b”②“若a，b，c，d∈R，则复数a+bi=c+di⇒a=c，b=d”类比推出“若a，b，c，d∈Q，则a+b=c+d⇐a=c，b=d”；其中类比结论正确的情况是（）A．①②全错B．①对②错C．①错②对D．①②全对12．设a，b∈R，定义运算“⊗”和“⊕”如下：，．若m⊗n≥2，p⊕q≤2，则（）A．mn≥4且p+q≤4 B．m+n≥4且pq≤4 C．mn≤4且p+q≥4 D．m+n≤4且pq≤4二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）13．已知复数z=（1+i）（2﹣i），则|z|=．14．将极坐标（2，）化为直角坐标为．15．与参数方程为（t为参数）等价的普通方程为．16．观察下列等式：1﹣=1﹣+﹣=+1﹣+﹣+﹣=++…据此规律，第n个等式可为．三、解答题：（本大题共6小题，计60分．解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）17．已知复数z=．（1）求z的共轭复数；（2）若az+b=1﹣i，求实数a，b的值．18．在中学生综合素质评价某个维度的测评中，分“优秀、合格、尚待改进”三个等级进行学生互评，某校高二年级有男生500人，女生400人，为了了解性别对维度测评结果的影响，采用分层抽样方法从高二年级抽取了45名学生的测评结果，并作出频率统计表如表：（2）由表一表二中统计数据完成2×2列联表，并判断是否有90%的把握认为“测评结果优（参考公式：，其中n=a+b+c+d）．19．求解下列关于x的不等式：（1）|2x﹣1|≥3；（2）|x﹣3|+|x+1|＜6．20．在平面直角坐标系xoy中，已知曲线C：（s为参数），直线l：（t为参数）．设曲线C与直线l交于A，B两点，求线段AB的长度．21．在直角坐标系中，以坐标原点为极点，x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，圆C的参数方程为（θ是参数），直线l的极坐标方程为（ρ∈R）（Ⅰ）求C的普通方程与极坐标方程；（Ⅱ）设直线l与圆C相交于A，B两点，求|AB|的值．22．某大学餐饮中心为了了解新生的饮食习惯，在全校一年级学生中进行了抽样调查，调查方面有差异”；（2）已知在被调查的北方学生中有5名数学系的学生，其中2名喜欢甜品，现在从这5名312015-2016学年海南省海口市国科园实验学校高二（下）期末数学试卷（文科）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本大题有12小题，每题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．复数在复平面内对应的点位于（）A．第一象限 B．第二象限 C．第三象限 D．第四象限【考点】复数代数形式的乘除运算；复数的代数表示法及其几何意义．【分析】分子分母同乘以i+2，化简即可．【解答】解：====﹣2﹣i，故复数在复平面内对应的点位于第三象限，故选C2．两个量y与x的回归模型中，分别选择了4个不同模型，它们的相关指数R2如下，其中拟合效果最好的模型是（）A．模型1的相关指数R2为0.99 B．模型2的相关指数R2为0.88C．模型3的相关指数R2为0.50 D．模型4的相关指数R2为0.20【考点】相关系数．【分析】两个变量y与x的回归模型中，它们的相关指数R2，越接近于1，这个模型的拟合效果越好，在所给的四个选项中0.99是相关指数最大的值，得到结果．【解答】解：两个变量y与x的回归模型中，它们的相关指数R2，越接近于1，这个模型的拟合效果越好，在所给的四个选项中0.99是相关指数最大的值，∴拟合效果最好的模型是模型1．故选A．3．已知变量x与y线性相关，且由观测数据算得样本平均数分别为=4，=3，则由该观测数据算得的线性回归方程不可能是（）A．=0.2x+2.2 B．=0.3x+1.8 C．=0.4x+1.4 D．=0.5x+1.2【考点】线性回归方程．【分析】将样本平均数代入回归方程逐一验证．【解答】解：由最小二乘法原理可知样本平均数（4，3）在线性回归方程上．对于A，当x=4时，y=0.8+2.2=3，对于B，当x=4时，y=1.2+1.8=3，对于C，当x=4时，y=1.6+1.4=3，对于D，当x=4时，y=2+1.2=3.2≠3．故选：D．4．用反证法证明命题“三角形中最多只有一个内角是钝角”时，则假设的内容是（）A．三角形中有两个内角是钝角B．三角形中有三个内角是钝角C．三角形中至少有两个内角是钝角D．三角形中没有一个内角是钝角【考点】反证法与放缩法．【分析】用反证法证明数学命题时，应先假设命题的否定成立，而命题“三角形中最多只有一个内角是钝角”的否定为：“三角形中至少有两个内角是钝角”，由此得出结论．【解答】解：用反证法证明数学命题时，应先假设命题的否定成立，而命题“三角形中最多只有一个内角是钝角”的否定为：“三角形中至少有两个内角是钝角”，故应假设的内容是：三角形中至少有两个内角是钝角．故选C．5．在△ABC中，E，F分别为AB，AC的中点，则有EF∥BC．这个命题的大前提为（）A．三角形的中位线平行于第三边B．三角形的中位线等于第三边的一半C．EF为中位线D．EF∥CB【考点】演绎推理的基本方法．【分析】三段论是由两个含有一个共同项的性质判断作前提得出一个新的性质判断为结论的演绎推理．在三段论中，含有大项的前提叫大前提，如本例中的“三角形的中位线平行于第三边”．【解答】解：本题的推理过程形式是三段论，其大前提是一个一般的结论，即三角形中位线定理，故选：A．6．运行图所示的程度框图，若输出结果为，则判断框中应该填的条件是（）A．k＞5 B．k＞6 C．k＞7 D．k＞8【考点】程序框图．【分析】本题根据当型循环结构输出的结果求判断框中的条件，由框图知算法执行的是求1+的和，列项求和后，求出对应的k值．【解答】解：由分析知，算法是求1+的和，由数列中的拆项求和得，1+=1+1﹣=2﹣，由2﹣=，得k=6，从判断框下面的执行框看，k=6还是要执行的，k＞6时结束循环，输出s．故选B．7．观察下列各式：a+b=1，a2+b2=3，a3+b3=4，a4+b4=7，a5+b5=11，…，则a10+b10=（）A．28 B．76 C．123 D．199【考点】归纳推理．【分析】观察可得各式的值构成数列1，3，4，7，11，…，所求值为数列中的第十项．根据数列的递推规律求解．【解答】解：观察可得各式的值构成数列1，3，4，7，11，…，其规律为从第三项起，每项等于其前相邻两项的和，所求值为数列中的第十项．继续写出此数列为1，3，4，7，11，18，29，47，76，123，…，第十项为123，即a10+b10=123，．故选C．8．极坐标方程ρcos2θ=4sin θ所表示的曲线是（）A．一条直线 B．一个圆C．一条抛物线D．一条双曲线【考点】简单曲线的极坐标方程．【分析】利用即可把极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程，即可判断出．【解答】解：极坐标方程ρcos2θ=4sinθ化为ρ2cos2θ=4ρsinθ，∴x2=4y．因此极坐标方程ρcos2θ=4sin θ所表示的曲线是一条抛物线．故选：C．9．在极坐标系中，圆ρ=﹣2sinθ的圆心的极坐标系是（）A．B．C．（1，0）D．（1，π）【考点】简单曲线的极坐标方程．【分析】先在极坐标方程ρ=﹣2sinθ的两边同乘以ρ，再利用直角坐标与极坐标间的关系，即利用ρcosθ=x，ρsinθ=y，ρ2=x2+y2，进行代换即得直角坐标系，再利用直角坐标方程求解即可．【解答】解：将方程ρ=﹣2sinθ两边都乘以p得：ρ2=﹣2ρsinθ，化成直角坐标方程为x2+y2+2y=0．圆心的坐标（0，﹣1）．∴圆心的极坐标故选B．10．直线和圆x2+y2=16交于A，B两点，则AB的中点坐标为（）A．（3，﹣3）B．C．D．【考点】中点坐标公式；直线的参数方程．【分析】把直线的参数方程化为普通方程后代入圆x2+y2=16化简可得x2﹣6x+8=0，可得x1+x2=6，即AB的中点的横坐标为3，代入直线的方程求得AB的中点的纵坐标．【解答】解：直线即y=，代入圆x2+y2=16化简可得x2﹣6x+8=0，∴x1+x2=6，即AB的中点的横坐标为3，∴AB的中点的纵坐标为3﹣4=﹣，故AB的中点坐标为，故选D．11．给出下面类比推理命题（其中Q为有理数集，R为实数集，C为复数集）①“若a，b∈R，则a﹣b=0⇒a=b”类比推出“若a，b∈C，则a﹣b=0⇒a=b”②“若a，b，c，d∈R，则复数a+bi=c+di⇒a=c，b=d”类比推出“若a，b，c，d∈Q，则a+b=c+d⇐a=c，b=d”；其中类比结论正确的情况是（）A．①②全错B．①对②错C．①错②对D．①②全对【考点】类比推理．【分析】在数集的扩展过程中，有些性质是可以传递的，但有些性质不能传递，因此，要判断类比的结果是否正确，关键是要在新的数集里进行论证，当然要想证明一个结论是错误的，也可直接举一个反例，要想得到本题的正确答案，可对2个结论逐一进行分析，不难解答．【解答】解：①在复数集C中，若两个复数满足a﹣b=0，则它们的实部和虚部均相等，则a，b相等．故①正确；②在有理数集Q中，若a+b=c+d，则（a﹣c）+（b﹣d）=0，易得：a=c，b=d．故②正确；故选：D．12．设a，b∈R，定义运算“⊗”和“⊕”如下：，．若m⊗n≥2，p⊕q≤2，则（）A．mn≥4且p+q≤4 B．m+n≥4且pq≤4 C．mn≤4且p+q≥4 D．m+n≤4且pq≤4【考点】进行简单的合情推理．【分析】利用，，将m⊗n≥2，p⊕q≤2，转化为不等式组，即可得出结论．【解答】解：由题意，∵m⊗n≥2，∴或，∴mn≥4，∵p⊕q≤2，∴或，∴p+q≤4，∴mn≥4且p+q≤4．故选：A．二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）13．已知复数z=（1+i）（2﹣i），则|z|=．【考点】复数求模．【分析】利用复数的运算法则、模的计算公式即可得出．【解答】解：复数z=（1+i）（2﹣i）=3+i，则|z|==，故答案为：．14．将极坐标（2，）化为直角坐标为（0，﹣2）．【考点】简单曲线的极坐标方程．【分析】利用x=ρcosθ，y=ρsinθ即可得出直角坐标．【解答】解：由x=2=0，y=2=﹣2．∴极坐标（2，）化为直角坐标为（0，﹣2）．故答案为：（0，﹣2）．15．与参数方程为（t为参数）等价的普通方程为y=2x2（x≥0）．【考点】参数方程化成普通方程．【分析】消参数可得y=2x2，由得x≥0．【解答】解：由可得y=2x2，由得x≥0．故答案为y=2x2（x≥0）．16．观察下列等式：1﹣=1﹣+﹣=+1﹣+﹣+﹣=++…据此规律，第n个等式可为+…+=+…+．【考点】归纳推理；数列的概念及简单表示法．【分析】由已知可得：第n个等式含有2n项，其中奇数项为，偶数项为﹣．其等式右边为后n项的绝对值之和．即可得出．【解答】解：由已知可得：第n个等式含有2n项，其中奇数项为，偶数项为﹣．其等式右边为后n项的绝对值之和．∴第n个等式为： +…+=+…+．三、解答题：（本大题共6小题，计60分．解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）17．已知复数z=．（1）求z的共轭复数；（2）若az+b=1﹣i，求实数a，b的值．【考点】复数代数形式的乘除运算．【分析】（1）先化简复数z，由共轭复数对应可求；（2）代入复数z，由复数相等的充要条件可得a，b方程组，解出即可；【解答】解：（1）．∴=1﹣i．（2）a（1+i）+b=1﹣i，即a+b+ai=1﹣i，∴，解得a=﹣1，b=2．18．在中学生综合素质评价某个维度的测评中，分“优秀、合格、尚待改进”三个等级进行学生互评，某校高二年级有男生500人，女生400人，为了了解性别对维度测评结果的影响，采用分层抽样方法从高二年级抽取了45名学生的测评结果，并作出频率统计表如表：（2）由表一表二中统计数据完成2×2列联表，并判断是否有90%的把握认为“测评结果优（参考公式：，其中n=a+b+c+d）．【考点】独立性检验的应用．【分析】（1）根据分层抽样的定义和男生所占的比例列出方程，求出m的值，再由条件求出x、y的值；（2）由（1）列出列联表，根据数据和公式求出K2的观测值，由表格和独立性检验即可得到答案．【解答】解：（1）设从高一年级男生中抽出m人，则，解得m=25，∴x=25﹣20=5，y=20﹣18=2．（2）2×2列联表如下：∵，∴没有90%的把握认为“测评结果优秀与性别有关”．19．求解下列关于x的不等式：（1）|2x﹣1|≥3；（2）|x﹣3|+|x+1|＜6．【考点】绝对值不等式的解法．【分析】（1）由题意可得2x﹣1≥3，或2x﹣1≤﹣3，从而求得x的范围．（2）构造函数y=|x﹣3|+|x+1|=，令y=6，求得x的值，可得不等式的解集．【解答】（1）解：∵|2x﹣1|≥3，∴2x﹣1≥，或2x﹣1≤﹣3，求得x≤﹣1或x≥2，故不等式的解集为{x|x≤﹣1或x≥2}．（2）解：构造函数y=|x﹣3|+|x+1|=，令y=6，求得x=4或x=﹣2，故|x﹣3|+|x+1|＜6的解集为（﹣2，4）．20．在平面直角坐标系xoy中，已知曲线C：（s为参数），直线l：（t为参数）．设曲线C与直线l交于A，B两点，求线段AB的长度．【考点】参数方程化成普通方程．【分析】由曲线C：（s为参数），消去参数s可得：y=x2．由直线l代入抛物线方程可得=0，解得t即可得出．【解答】解：由曲线C：（s为参数），消去参数s可得：y=x2．由直线l代入抛物线方程可得=0，解得t=0或﹣．∴|AB|=．21．在直角坐标系中，以坐标原点为极点，x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，圆C的参数方程为（θ是参数），直线l的极坐标方程为（ρ∈R）（Ⅰ）求C的普通方程与极坐标方程；（Ⅱ）设直线l与圆C相交于A，B两点，求|AB|的值．【考点】参数方程化成普通方程；简单曲线的极坐标方程．【分析】（Ⅰ）由sin 2θ+cos 2θ=1，可得圆C 的普通方程，再由x=ρcos θ，y=ρsin θ，x 2+y 2=ρ2，即可得到圆的极坐标方程；（Ⅱ）由于圆经过原点，由圆的极坐标方程，代入，计算即可得到弦长．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）由sin 2θ+cos 2θ=1，可得圆C 的普通方程是（x ﹣）2+（y ﹣）2=1， 由x=ρcos θ，y=ρsin θ，x 2+y 2=ρ2，又x 2+y 2﹣x=0，即有ρ2=ρ（cos θ+sin θ）， 即有圆的极坐标方程是ρ=2cos （θ﹣）；（Ⅱ）由圆的极坐标方程可得，当时， ρ=2cos （﹣）=2×=， 故|AB |=．22．某大学餐饮中心为了了解新生的饮食习惯，在全校一年级学生中进行了抽样调查，调查方面有差异”；（2）已知在被调查的北方学生中有5名数学系的学生，其中2名喜欢甜品，现在从这5名31【分析】（1）利用2×2列联表中的数据计算观测值x 2，对照表中数据即可得出结论； （2）利用列举法求出从这5名学生中任取3人的基本事件数，计算对应的概率即可．【解答】解：（1）将2×2列联表中的数据代入公式，计算得x 2==≈4.762，因为4.762＞3.841，所以有95%的把握认为南方学生和北方学生在选用甜品的饮食习惯方面有差异；（2）这5名数学系学生中，2名喜欢甜品的记为A、B，其余3名不喜欢甜品的学生记为c、d、e，则从这5名学生中任取3人的结果所组成的基本事件为ABc，ABd，ABe，Acd，Ace，Ade，Bcd，Bce，Bde，cde，共10种；3人中至多有1人喜欢甜品的基本事件是Acd，Ace，Ade，Bcd，Bce，Bde，cde，共7种；所以，至多有1人喜欢甜品的概率为P=．2016年8月27日。

海南省海南中学2015-2016学年高二语文下学期期末考试试题不分版本海南省海南中学2015-2016学年高二语文下学期期末考试试题不分版本海南中学2015年—2016学年第二学期期末考试高二语文〔《先秦诸子选读》〕试题〔1-20班用〕一、语言文字运用〔12分，每题3分〕1.以下各成语中加点成语的使用，全部正确的一项为哪一项〔〕〔3分〕①官窑瓷器存世量相当少，在民间更是凤毛麟角．．．．，这些藏家却动辄说自己收到了“官窑〞。

②行业的开展日新月异，如果墨守成规．．．．，固守传统习惯和传统商业模式在日益剧烈的竞争中只能勉强果腹，甚至会逐步被市场所淘汰。

③博物馆内有巧夺天工的青铜器、美轮美奂．．．．的陶瓷器、工艺精湛的马具等精美文物。

④电视评论的犀利和深刻是主持人思想创造性的外化，主持人只有具备思想的创造性，才能将观点转化为鞭辟入里．．．．、发人深省的评论。

⑤这是国家级出版社，近几年出版了很多深受读者喜爱的精品图书，不少作者都对它趋之假设鹜．．．．．。

⑥这次会谈并没有其他人员参加，他们两个人都一直讳莫如深．．．．，所以会谈内容就成为一个难解之谜。

A．②④⑤ B．①③④ C．②③⑤ D．①④⑥2.以下各句中，没有语病的一句是〔〕〔3分〕A、改革后的考试评价，要依据每个学生三年的期末考试为根底，结合学生平时表现和高考成绩，对每个学生进行相对公平的评价。

B、尼泊尔灾难管理高级官员丹格尔称，目前救援行动仍在进行中，在很多地方，倒塌的建筑物里可能有被困的人员，这将会增加遇难的人数。

C、无论张大千怎么模仿石涛，都会或多或少带有一两分自己的味道，这种味道仅从局部观察是很难体会到的，必须从大局品味，即“远观其气〞。

D、全家老小参与腐败——父子上阵、夫妻串通、兄弟勾结，接连发生的“家族式腐败〞说明，领导干部的家风，不是个人小事，家庭私事，而是关系到作风是否端正、廉洁能否守住。

3.根据以下成语的出处，归类正确的一项为哪一项〔〕 (3分〕①安时处顺②循循善诱③目无全牛④独善其身⑤安贫乐道⑥一箪一瓢⑦鹏程万里⑧地利人和⑨见义勇为⑩任重道远A.⑤⑥⑩／④⑧⑨／①②③⑦B.①③⑧／②④／⑥⑤⑦／⑨⑩C.①③④／②⑤⑨／⑥⑦／⑧⑩D.②⑤⑥⑨⑩／④⑧／①③⑦4. 以下对文化常识的表述正确的一项为哪一项〔〕 (3分〕A、孔子是春秋晚期鲁国人，儒家学派的创始人，是我国最伟大的思想家、教育家和学者。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Cl 35.5 S 32一、选择题（本题共6小题，每小题2分共12分。

只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．有关化学用语表达错误的是（）A．乙酸乙酯的化学式为：C4H8O2 BC．四氯化碳的电子式为：D【答案】C【解析】试题分析：A、乙酸乙酯的化学式为C4H8O2，故正确；B C、四氯化碳中氯原子周围应有8个电子，故错误；D考点：基本化学用语2．下列说法不正确．．．的是（）A．植物油能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色B．蛋白质、纤维素、油脂、淀粉都是高分子化合物C．石油裂化、煤的干馏、铝热反应都属于化学变化D．乙烯常用作水果催熟剂，乙酸常用作调味剂，乙醇常用于杀菌消毒【答案】B【解析】试题分析：A、植物油含有不饱和键，能使溴水褪色，故正确；B、油脂不是高分子化合物，故错误；C、石油裂化是物理变化，故错误；D、乙烯是果实催熟剂，乙酸可以做调味剂，乙醇能杀菌消毒，故正确。

考点：常见有机物的性质3．下列各项中的两种物质无论以何种比例混合，只要混合物的总物质的量一定．则完全燃烧时生成水的物质的量和消耗O2的质量均不变的是（）A．CH4O、C2H4O3B．C3H6、C2H6O C．C2H2、C6H6D．C3H6、C3H8O【答案】A【解析】试题分析：混合物的总物质的量一定，完全燃烧生成水的质量和消耗O2的质量均不变，则1mol各组分消耗氧气的量相等，分子中含有的氢原子数目相等。

A．C2H4O3改写为CH2·CO2·H2O，1mol时消耗的氧气都是1.5mol，1mol甲烷燃烧耗氧2摩尔氧气，所以只要混合物的总物质的量一定，则完全燃烧时生成水的质量一定，但消耗O2的量不同，故A错误；B．1molC3H6完全反应消耗4.5mol氧气，而1molC2H6O 完全反应消耗3mol氧气，所以1molC3H6与1molC2H6O耗氧量不相同，不符合题意，故B错误；C．C2H2、C6H6最简式相同，1molC6H6的耗氧量为1molC2H2耗氧量的3倍，且分子中含有的H数目不同，物质的量一定时二者比例不同，生成水的量不同，故C错误；D．C3H6、C3H8O分子中含有的氢原子分别为6、8，二者含有的氢原子数不同，则不同比例混合后生成水的量不同故D正确。

海南国科园实验学校2015—2016学年度高二第二学期期末考试（理科）(数学)学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、选择题(本大题共12小题，共60.0分)1.1．复数()A.－3－4iB.－3＋4iC.3－4iD.3＋4i【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题主要考查复数的除法和乘方运算，是一个基础题；首先进行复数的除法运算，分子和分母同乘以分母的共轭复数，把复数整理成整式形式，再进行复数的乘方运算，合并同类项，得到结果．解：（）2=[]2=（1-2i）2=-3-4i．故选A．2.若x，y∈N*，且1≤x≤3，x＋y<7，则满足条件的不同的有序数对( x，y)的个数是()A.15B.12C.5D.4【答案】B【解析】【分析】本题考查分类计数原理，根据题意x的取值可分三类：x=1，x=2，x=3分别得到y的取值，进而即可得到结果. 【解答】解：由x的取值可分三类：x=1时，y有1，2，3，4，5五个可取的数，x=2时,y有1，2，3，4四个可取的数，x=3时，y有1，2，3三个可取的数，由分类计数原理可知共有N=5+4+3=12(个). 故选B.3.若随机变量X～B( n,0.6)，且E( X)＝3，则P( X＝1)的值是()A.2×0.44B.2×0.45C.3×0.44D.3×0.64【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查二项分布，本题解题的关键是写出变量对应的概率的表示式和期望的表示式，根据期望值做出n的值，本题是一个基础题.根据随机变量符合二项分布，根据期望值求出n的值，写出对应的自变量的概率的计算公式，代入自变量等于1时的值. 【解答】解：∵随机变量X服从X～B(n,0.6)，∵E（X）=3，∴0.6n=3，∴n=5，∴. 故选C.4.下面几种推理中是演绎推理的为()A.由金、银、铜、铁可导电，猜想：金属都可导电B.猜想数列的通项公式为C.半径为r的圆的面积S＝πr2，则单位圆的面积S＝πD.由平面直角坐标系中圆的方程为( x－a)2＋( y－b)2＝r2，推测空间直角坐标系中球的方程为( x－a)2＋( y－b)2＋( z－c)2＝r2【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查演绎推理，根据题意利用演绎推理的定义即可得到结果. 【解答】解：选项A是由特殊到一般的推理过程，为归纳推理，选项B是由特殊的n的值：1，2，3，…到一般的值n的推理过程，为归纳推理，对于C：半径为r圆的面积S=πr2，因为单位圆的半径为1，则单位圆的面积S=π中，半径为r圆的面积S=πr2，是大前提，单位圆的半径为1，是小前提单位圆的面积S=π为结论，C是演绎推理；选项D是由特殊到与它类似的另一个特殊的推理过程.故选C.5.观察下列等式，13＋23＝32,13＋23＋33＝62,13＋23＋33＋43＝102，根据上述规律，13＋23＋33＋43＋53＋63＝()A.192B.202C.212D.222【答案】C【解析】【分析】解答此类的方法是从特殊的前几个式子进行分析找出规律．观察前几个式子的变化规律，发现每一个等式左边为立方和，右边为平方的形式，且左边的底数在增加，右边的底数也在增加．从中找规律性即可．【解答】解：∵所给等式左边的底数依次分别为1，2；1，2，3；1，2，3，4；右边的底数依次分别为3，6，10，（注意：这里3+3=6，6+4=10），∴由底数内在规律可知：第五个等式左边的底数为1，2，3，4，5，6，右边的底数为10+5+6=21．又左边为立方和，右边为平方的形式，故有13+23+33+43+53+63=212．故选C．6.如图所示，A，B，C表示3种开关，若在某段时间内它们正常工作的概率分别为0.9，0.8,0.7，那么此系统的可靠性为()A.0.504B.0.994C.0.496D.0.06【解析】【分析】本题考查互斥事件的概率及相互独立事件同时发生的概率，由题意知本题是一个相互独立事件同时发生的概率，A，B，C3种开关中至少有1个开关能正常工作的对立事件是3种开关都不能工作，根据相互独立事件同时发生的概率得到结果. 【解答】解：由题意知本题是一个相互独立事件同时发生的概率，A，B，C3种开关中至少有1个开关能正常工作的对立事件是3种开关都不能工作，分别记A，B，C开关能正常工作分别为事件A1，A2，A3，=1-0.1×0.2×0.3 =0.994故选B.7.若，0＜a＜b＜e，则有()A. f( a)＞f( b)B. f( a)＝f( b)C. f( a)＜f( b)D. f( a)·f( b)＞1【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题主要是考查了利用导数研究函数的单调性；先求出导函数，先后判断出函数f（x），在区间（0，e）上的单调性，根据单调性即可解答本题. 【解答】解：∵f(x)=，∴其导数f′(x)=′′=，令f′(x)＞0，解得0＜x＜e，即f(x)=在区间(0，e)上单调递增，∵0＜a＜b＜e，∴f(a)＜f(b) .故选C.8.一名篮球运动员投篮一次得3分的概率为a，得2分的概率为b，不得分的概率为c( a，b，c∈(0,1))，已知他投篮一次得分的均值为2(不计其他得分情况)，则ab的最大值为()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题考查数学期望及利用基本不等式求最值，利用数学期望的概念，建立等式，再利用基本不等式，即可求得结果. 【解答】解：由题意，投篮一次得3分的概率为a，得2分的概率为b，不得分的概率为c（a、b、c∈（0，1）），∴3a+2b=2，∴，∴（当且仅当时取等号），∴ab的最大值为.9.设a为函数y＝2sin x ( x∈R)的最大值，则二项式的展开式中含x2项的系数是()A.192B.182C.－192D.－182【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题主要是考查二项式展开式的特定项的系数，首先根据三角函数性质，可得a=2，进而可得二项展开式的通项公式，令3-r=2，得r=1，将r=1代入二项展开式可得答案. 【解答】解：由已知可得a=2，则二项展开式的通项公式为，令3-r=2，得r=1，所以含x2项的系数是(-1)×C61•25=-192.故选C.10.某次联欢会要安排3个歌舞类节目、2个小品类节目和1个相声类节目的演出顺序，则同类节目不相邻的排法种数是()A.72B.120C.144D.168【答案】B【解析】【分析】本题考查计数原理及排列的运用，根据题意分歌舞类节目中间不穿插相声节目及歌舞类节目中间穿插相声节目两类分别计算排法种数，然后利用分类加法计数原理即可得到结果. 【解答】解：将所有的安排方法分成两类，第一类：歌舞类节目中间不穿插相声节目，有(种)；第二类：歌舞类节目中间穿插相声节目，有(种)；根据分类加法计数原理，共有96+24=120种不同的排法.故选B.11.已知函数f( x)＝x3－px2－qx的图象与x轴相切于点(1,0)，则f( x)的()A.极大值为，极小值为0B.极大值为0，极小值为－C.极小值为－，极大值为0D.极小值为0，极大值为【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了导数在求解函数的单调性、函数的极值中的应用，属于导数基本方法的应用；对函数求导可得，f′（x）=3x2-2px-q，由f′（1）=0，f（1）=0可求p，q，进而可求函数的导数，然后由导数判断函数的单调性，进而可求函数的极值. 【解答】解：由题意，，即∴∴f( x)＝x3－2x2+ x，进而求得f( x)极小值＝f(1)＝0，f( x)极大值＝. 故选A.12.将三颗骰子各掷一次，设事件A＝“三个点数都不相同”，B＝“至少出现一个6点”，则概率P( A| B)等于()A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查条件概率，根据题意求出事件AB同时发生的概率及事件B发生的概率，进而即可求得结果. 【解答】解：，，因此.故选A.二、填空题(本大题共4小题，共20.0分)13.一台机器生产某种产品，如果生产出一件甲等品可获利50元，生产出一件乙等品可获利30元，生产出一件次品，要赔20元，已知这台机器生产出甲等品、乙等品和次品的概率分别为0.6,0.3和0.1，则这台机器每生产一件产品平均预期可获利________元．【答案】37【解析】【分析】本题主要是考查离散型随机变量的分布列，以及利用公式求期望与方差；设这台机器每生产一件产品可获利X，则X可能取的数值为50，30，-20，列出分布列进而利用公式求出这台机器每生产一件产品平均预期获利. 【解答】解：由题意可得：设这台机器每生产一件产品可获利X，则X可能取的数值为50，30，-20，所以X服从的分布列为：P（X=50）=0.6，P（X=30）=0.3，P（X=-20）=0.1，所以这台机器每生产一件产品平均预期可获利为：50×0.6+30×0.3-20×0.1=37（元）．故答案为37.14. 设共轭复数, 且z1＝1＋5 i，z2＝－3＋2 i，则共轭复数的值是__________．【答案】4+3i【解析】【分析】本题考查复数的运算及共轭复数，由题意可得：z1-z2=4+3i，进而即可求得结果. 【解答】解：，∴，∵，∴. 故答案为4+3i.15.在某项测量中，测量结果服从正态分布N(1，σ2)( σ>0)，若ξ在(0,1)内取值的概率为0.4，则ξ在(0,2)内取值的概率为________．【答案】0.8【解析】【分析】本题考查正态分布曲线的特点及曲线所表示的意义，主要考查正态曲线的对称性；根据ξ服从正态分布N（1，σ2），得到曲线的对称轴是直线x=1，根据所给的ξ在（0，1）内取值的概率为0.4，根据正态曲线的对称性知在（0，2）内取值的概率为0.8. 【解答】解：∵ξ服从正态分布N（1，σ2）∴曲线的对称轴是直线x=1，∵ξ在（0，1）内取值的概率为0.4，∴根据正态曲线的性质知在（0，2）内取值的概率为0.8. 故答案为0.8.16.从0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9中任取七个不同的数，则这七个数的中位数是6的概率为________．【答案】【解析】【分析】本题考查古典概率，根据题意任取七个不同的数有种方法，根据条件确定当中位数为6时，有种方法，进而即可求得结果. 【解答】解：从0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9中任取七个不同的数，有种方法，若七个数的中位数是6，则只需从0，1，2，3，4，5，选3个，从7，8，9中选3个不同的数即可，有种方法，则这七个数的中位数是6的概率．故答案为.三、解答题(本大题共6小题，共72.0分)试分析新药对治疗小白兔是否有99%的把握有效？【答案】解:由公式χ2=≈8.658＞6.635,故有99%的把握可以判断新药对治疗小白鼠是有效的.【解析】本题主要考查独立性检验的应用；根据列联表，看出各种情况的数据，代入求临界值的公式，做出观测值，拿观测值同临界值表进行比较，得到有99%的把握认为药物有效.18.6男4女站成一排，求满足下列条件的排法共有多少种？(1)任何2名女生都不相邻有多少种排法？(2)男甲不在首位，男乙不在末位，有多少种排法？(3)男生甲、乙、丙排序一定，有多少种排法？(4)男甲在男乙的左边(不一定相邻)有多少种不同的排法？【答案】解：（1）任何两个女生都不得相邻，利用插空法，故有种；（2）男甲不在首位，男乙不在末位，利用间接法，故有种；（3）男生甲、乙、丙顺序一定，利用定序法，故有种；（4）由于男甲要么在男乙的左边，要么在男乙的右边，所以男甲在男乙的左边（不一定相邻）有种．【解析】本题考查排列、组合知识的运用，考查了学生的计算能力，培养了学生分析问题与解决问题的能力.（1）任何两个女生都不得相邻，利用插空法，问题得以解决，（2）男甲不在首位，男乙不在末位，利用间接法，问题得以解决，（3）男生甲、乙、丙顺序一定，利用定序法，问题得以解决．（4）由于男甲要么在男乙的左边，要么在男乙的右边，即可得到结果.(2)求数学成绩对总成绩的回归方程；(3)如果一个学生的总成绩为450分，试预测这个学生的数学成绩(参考数据：4822＋3832＋4212＋3642＋3622＝819 794,482×78＋383×65＋421×71＋364×64＋362×61＝137 760)．【答案】解：（1）散点图如下：（2）设回归方程为，，，∴回归直线方程为. （3）当x=450时，，即数学成绩大约为74分.【解析】本题考查线性回归方程的求法和应用，本题解题的关键是利用最小二乘法求出线性回归方程的系数，这是解答正确的主要环节. （1）根据表中所给的五组数据，得到五个点的坐标，在平面直角坐标系中画出散点图.（2）先求出横标和纵标的平均数，得到这组数据的样本中心点，利用最小二乘法求出线性回归方程的系数，代入样本中心点求出a的值，写出线性回归方程.（3）将x=450代入回归直线方程求出y的值即可.20.20．甲乙两人进行围棋比赛，约定先连胜两局者直接赢得比赛，若赛完5局仍未出现连胜，则判定获胜局数多者赢得比赛.假设每局甲获胜的概率为，乙获胜的概率为各局比赛结果相互独立．(1)求甲在4局以内(含4局)赢得比赛的概率；(2)记X为比赛决出胜负时的总局数，求X的分布列和均值(数学期望)．【答案】解：用表示“甲在4局以内（含4局）赢得比赛”，表示“第局甲获胜”，表示“第局乙获胜”，则，.（1）；（2）的可能取值为，，，，，2所以.【解析】本题考查概率的计算、离散型分布列的计算及离散型随机变量的均值，考查了学生的计算能力，培养了学生分析问题与解决问题的能力. （1）根据概率的乘法公式，求出对应的概率，即可得到结果．（2）利用离散型随机变量分别求出对应的概率，即可求X的分布列及均值.21.一家面包房根据以往某种面包的销售记录，绘制了日销售量的频率分布直方图，如图所示．将日销售量落入各组的频率视为概率，并假设每天的销售量相互独立．(1)求在未来连续3天里，有连续2天的日销售量都不低于100个且另1天的日销售量低于50个的概率；(2)用X表示在未来3天里日销售量不低于100个的天数，求随机变量X的分布列，期望E(X)及方差D(X)．【答案】解：（1）设A1表示事件“日销售量不低于100个”，A2表示事件“日销售量低于50个”B表示事件“在未来连续3天里，有连续2天的日销售量都不低于100个且另1天的日销售量低于50个”，因此P（A1）=（0.006+0.004+0.002）×50=0.6，P（A2）=0.003×50=0.15，P（B）=0.6×0.6×0.15×2=0.108.（2）X可能取的值为0，1，2，3，相应的概率为：，．，．，随机变量X的分布列为因为X～B（3，0.6），所以期望E（X）=3×0.6=1.8，方差D（X）=3×0.6×（1-0.6）=0.72．【解析】本题考查频率分布直方图的应用，离散型随机变量的分布列、期望与方差，考查分析问题解决问题的能力.（1）由频率分布直方图求出事件A1，A2的概率，利用相互独立事件的概率公式求出事件“在未来连续3天里，有连续2天的日销售量都不低于100个且另1天的日销售量低于50个”的概率；（2）写出X可取得值，利用相互独立事件的概率公式求出X取每一个值的概率；列出分布列．根据服从二项分布的随机变量的期望与方差公式求出期望E（X）及方差D（X）．22.22．(本小题满分12分)已知函数f( x)＝ln( x2＋1)，(1)若f(x)的一个极值点到直线l：2 x＋y＋a＋5＝0的距离为1，求a的值；(2)求方程f(x)＝g(x)的根的个数．【答案】解：(1)由′得x=0，故f(x)仅有一个极小值点x=0，根据题意得：，∴a=-2或a=-8；(2)令h(x)=f(x)-g(x) ，则，当x∈[0，1]∪(1，+∞)时，h′(x)≥0，当x∈(-∞，-1)∪(-1，0)时，h′(x)＜0，因此，h(x)在(-∞，-1)、(-1，0)时，h(x)单调递减，在(0，1)、(1，+∞)时，h(x)单调递增，又h(x)为偶函数，当x∈[-1，1]时，h(x)极小值为h(0)=1-a，当x→-1-时，h(x)→-∞，当x→-1+时，h(x)→+∞，当x→-∞时，h(x)→+∞，当x→+∞时，h(x)→+∞，故f(x)=g(x)的根的情况为：当1-a＞0，即a＜1时，原方程有2个根，当1-a=0，即a=1时，原方程有3个根，当1-a＜0，即a＞1时，原方程有4个根.【解析】本题考查导数知识的运用、函数的极值及分类讨论的数学思想，培养了学生分析问题与解决问题的能力. (1)求导数，确定极值点，利用f(x)的一个极值点到直线l的距离为1，可求a的值；(2)构建新函数h(x)=f(x)-g(x)，求导函数，确定函数的单调性，进而分类讨论，可得方程f(x)=g(x)的根的个数.。

2015-2016学年海南省国科园实验学校中学部高二上学期期中考试语文试题请考生仔细阅读注意事项：1、本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第II卷（表达题）两部分，考生作答前，务必将自己的班级、姓名及座号填写在答题卡上。

2、作答时，请将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3、考试结束后，仅将答题卡交回。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题（70分）甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

梁思成先生在世的时候，曾经感慨：城市里到处是房子，而没有建筑。

的确，在城市现代化的进程中，我们首先发现，和世界那么多号称国际化大都市相比，我们似乎最缺少的就是高楼大厦，于是，人配衣服马配鞍一般，我们越来越重视城市的外观，于是便越来越倾心倾力地盖房子。

城市建设仅仅沦为梁思成先生批评的住人的房子，恰恰淹没了人本身在现代化城市建设中的主体性位置。

楼房可以是城市最为直接醒目的外观，重视它，也没什么错。

但城市的本质从来都是人精神的外化。

有多少不同的精神风貌，就会有多少不同的城市景观，并不只是豪华的外观所能够呈现的。

人们经常称赞城市的建筑是凝固的音乐，正是对这种美的理想追求，使得城市成为了人的精神的载体，并得以艺术性的外化和升华。

在现代化的行进途中，城市精神，或曰城市文化的体现，首先需要面对在城市建设中如此低劣而拥挤在一起的房子说不，而多建设一些富于艺术气质的建筑，如北京的“鸟巢”、上海的“东方明珠”、苏州贝聿铭新设计的博物馆等。

城市精神，或曰城市文化的另一方面体现，还应该在于城市管理的大气，它的眼界，它的以人为本，尤其对于下一代的关怀方面。

毋庸讳言，我们许多城市的公共设施、公共交通和公共天地，并没有真正充分地为公众服务，不少公园的门票一涨再涨，博物馆更是绝少对儿童免费开放。

城市之所以不能够完全听凭经济的管理，还需要文化的领引，就在于文化更有益于世道人心以及对下一代心灵的滋润。

城市管理中所体现的公共关怀丰富细致，是一座城市精神与文化品质的提升与彰显。

2015-2016学年海南省海口市国科园实验学校高二（下）期末英语试卷I. 词汇（30）①英汉互译（每小题1分，共15分）1．感激的（adj．）g．2．志愿者（n）v．3．外向的（adj．）o．4．shelter．5．使人放松的（adj．）r．6．celebration．7．漫步，闲逛（v）w．8．表现（vi．）p．9．background．10．guarantee．11．保护（v）p．12．retire．13．理想的i．14．force．15．打扰d．②. 短语：在空白处填上适当的词（每小题1分，共15分）16．平均average．17．申请apply．18．与…有联系have connection．19． a result 结果是．20．编造；组成make．21．consist由…组成．22．pay attention注意．23．give放弃．24．把某人扶起pick sb．．25．由某人决定up sb．26．毕竟；终归after．27．the key…的关键．28．danger 在危险中．29．stand代表．30．使某人吃惊的是one's astonishment．Ⅱ.阅读理解：（共4小题；每小题8分，满分30分）31．Tracey Webb and her husband Keith were driving friends home to Tavistock late on 11May when they saw two cars that had just crashed badly．The couple had only completed their first aid training on the previous day，but they didn't hesitate（犹豫）to act．Tracey said，"We stopped our car，and our friend Drew called 999．I ran to the cars first and check the people．Both drivers were very shocked，but they were up and walking around．However，there was a front seat passenger trapped in one car so I asked Drew to also call for a fire truck．"I shouted to Keith to help the drivers，then climbed into the back seat of the car and sat holding the head of the trapped passenger，a 17﹣year﹣old boy．Both his legs were caught under the dashboard（仪表盘）．The car was full of broken glass．The passenger's head was covered in glass and tiny cuts．"Tracey added，"He was crying in pain，so I kept talking to him to calm him down．Following my first aid training，I checked for signs of injury and asked some of the boy's medical history to pass on to the doctors．"An ambulance（救护车）came first，and the doctors said I was doing exactly the right thing．I sat holding the injured passenger's head upright and still for another 20minutes and finally handed over to a doctor just before the firemen cut off the roof of the car．" Throughout the process，the couple both stayed calm and focused on what they had learned during their first aid course．"If I had not taken my first aid training，the situation could have been very differentthat night．We saved a life，"said Tracey．31．On seeing the car accident，Tracey immediately．A．called for an ambulanceB．asked the firemen for helpC．checked the men in the car accidentD．climbed into the car to save the injured boy32．What was wrong with the 17﹣year﹣old boy？A．He was seriously injured and couldn't see．B．He got trapped in the car and couldn't get out．C．His head hit the dashboard and was covered in cuts．D．His legs were cut by pieces of glass and losing blood．33．When the doctors said Tracey did the right thing，they meant that Tracey．A．chose to take first aid courseB．waited for the doctors to comeC．was kind enough to save a strangerD．kept the boy calm and protect his head34．Which words can best describe Tracey and her husband？A．Calm and warm﹣heartedB．Quick and creative．C．Patient and clever．D．Kind and honest．35．Babysitter WantedI am seeking a babysitter for my 6﹣month﹣old son．A few hours on Saturdays and Sundays to help me and then additional times as needed．Applicant should be over 18，responsible，loving，warm，drug﹣free，and have experience caring for babies．A college student looking for a part﹣time job is also OK．The pay is 10an hour．If this sounds like a good fit for you，please reply to：rebecharv@aol．com or call 800﹣4964．It is urgent!Office Manager wantedA company is looking for a full﹣time manager to be in charge of the business aspects．Strong skills are needed in organization and business management．The office manager is responsible for keeping financial records，so he/she should be familiar with computer．Please send your resume to jim@californiaaquatics．com or call 800﹣6978．Waiter/Waitress wantedSpecialty Restaurant is looking for an experienced and well seasoned waiter/waitress．A knowledge of wines and fine dining experience are necessary．Must work well under pressure and understand the basics of fine dining and customer service．If you're interested，please reply to job﹣tkupe 1329358152@craigslist．org．This is a part﹣time job．Please，no phone calls about this job!Office Cleaner WantedLooking for Part﹣time work？Position available in the Mississauga area!Part﹣time 4hours per day from 10：00a．m．﹣2：00p．m．Duties include：﹣﹣Clean Washrooms﹣﹣Dust Furniture﹣﹣Mopping floors﹣﹣Other general cleaningSome experience is necessaryPay：15per hourReply to：job﹣p3b7u﹣1365632206@craigslist．org or call 800﹣819735．The position of a（n）is full﹣time job．A．babysitterB．office managerC．waiter/waitressD．office cleaner36．Where can you send e﹣mail as a college girl？A．job﹣p3b7u﹣1365632206@craigslist．orgB．job﹣tkupe 1329358152@craigslist．org．C．jim@californiaaquatics．ComD．rebecharv@aol．com37．Which of the following is the most important for waiter/waitress job？A．Being familiar with computers．B．Having a knowledge of wines．C．Knowing more about menus．D．Working well under pressure．38．It was on her 14th birthday that her first book，In the Forest of the Night，was accepted for publication．It was a huge success gaining the attention of millions of young readers．At 16，her second novel，Demon in My View，also reached the bookstores．Several books later，the teenage author still works away in her room，surrounded by shelves full of dark tales about vampires （吸血鬼）and witches．Amelia Atwater﹣Rhodes is widely seen as America's finest teen writer and was named one of Teen People's"20Teens Who Will Change the World．"Born in 1984，she began making up stories when she was about three years old．"I never stopped and said，‘I want to write'，"Amelia remembers．"I loved stories and created stories before I was old enough to know how to write them down．"In her family，reading was basic and fun．"My parents encouraged me to read﹣﹣﹣﹣and to read anything I wanted，so long as I was reading，"she said．"They never restricted what I read．Later，when I started writing，they never criticized what I did or said I was‘too young'．They never said it was impossible for me to achieve what I have．"In her short but successful career，Amelia has tried different styles．But vampires were the first characters to really come alive in her work．From them she has developed a whole world，one which she always enjoys learning more about．As a published teen writer，Amelia's advice to other teens who dream of being authors is：just do it!"I believe anything is possible．Don't give up your dreams just because youfear failure．Getting a book published is difficult，but if I can do it，others can too．" 38．What can we learn about Amelia Atwater﹣Rhodes？A．Reading widely helped her a lot in her career．B．She found getting a book published was easy．C．Vampires have been the only characters in her books．D．Her parents began to teach her to make up stories when she was 3．39．What do we know about Amelia's parents？A．They helped her with writing stories．B．They fully supported her．C．They thought she was too young to read．D．They chose what she read．40．The underlined word"them"in Paragraph 4refers to．A．VampiresB．different stylesC．TeenagersD．characters in her novel41．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？A．Good News for Teen WritersB．Is It Possible for a Teen Writer to Be Published？C．Advice on Being Teen WritersD．A Top﹣selling Teen Writer Pens Vampire Tales．42．Cell phones：Is there a cancer link？Could your cell phone give you cancer？Whether it could or not，some people are worrying about the possibility that phones，power lines and Wi﹣Fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses，from rashes to brain tumors．Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties．David Carpenter，a professor of environmental health sciences at the university at Albany，in New York，thinks there's a greater than 95percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia （白血病）．Also there's a greater than 90percent chance that cell phones cancause brain tumors．"It's apparent now that there's a real risk，"said Carpenter．But others believe these concerns are not justified．Dr Martha Linet，head of radiation epidemiology （流行病学）at the US National Cancer Institute，has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion．"I don't support warning labels for cell phones，"said Linet．"We don't have the evidence that there's much danger．"Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs （电磁场）and illness﹣so weak that it might not exist at all．A multinational investigation of cell phones and brain cancer，in 13countries outside the US，has been underway for several years．It's funded in part by the European Union，in part by a cell phone industry group．The final report should come out later this year，but data so far don't suggest a strong link between cell phone use and cancer risk．42．From the passage we can learn that some people are worried because．A．they have evidence that the use of cell phones can lead to cancerB．they feel surprised and alarmed about cell phone useC．some experts have given a warningD．cell phones are responsible for brain tumors43．By saying"I don't support warning labels for cell phones，"Dr Martha Linet has the idea that．A．the worrying is unnecessaryB．cancer﹣warning labels should be on cell phonesC．there is a link between cell phones and cancerD．cell phones have nothing to do with cancer44．Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards the debate？A．Optimistic．B．Objective．C．Opposite．D．Casual．45．The underlined word"justified"in Paragraph 3is closest in meaning to．A．explainedB．confirmed （证实、确认）C．classifiedD．restricted （限制）七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．46．It's normal to wake briefly during the night．（46）But if you're waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep，the following tips may help．Stay out of your head．The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep，so remain in bed in a relaxed position．Hard as it may be，try not to stress over the fact that you're awake，because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake．（47）（48）If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep，try a relaxation technique such as visualization（想象），or deep breathing，which can be done without even getting out of bed．Remind yourself that although they're not a replacement for sleep，rest and relaxation still help refresh your body．Do a quiet，non﹣stimulating activity．If you've been awake for more than 15minutes，try getting out of bed and doing a quiet，non﹣stimulating activity，such as reading a book．Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up．（49） A light snack might relax you，but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that of the day．（50）If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something，make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve．A．Make relaxation your goal，not sleep．B．Put off worries and troubles．C．Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night．D．In fact，a good sleeper won't even remember it．E．Also avoid screens of any kind﹣computers，TVs，cell phones，iPads．F．You'll be much more productive and creative after a good night's rest．G．A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body．Ⅲ.完形填空（30）51．The town I live in is about to put cameras at all traffic lights to catch people who run red lights．It （51）me of how many people I've seen who take the yellow light as a signal to go faster．I also can't（52）why people don't move when the traffic light has turned green．Above all，there are those （53）situations in which someone doesn't even（54）that the light is red，and just keeps going．That is why so many accidents happen!All these situations make me （55）about the purpose of traffic lights．However，it's even more （56）to imagine letting people make their own （57）at crowded crossroads．Do the biggest cars get to go first？Who decides who goes next？（58）I guess I do like the idea of a system to （59）traffic．And I'll do my best to（60）the traffic rules：to go，to be（61），and to stop when I'm supposed to．It occurs to me that my （62）have done much the same for me in （63）teaching me how to live．They have given me many （64）lights：to get along well with others，to listen and talk to them，to help others，and to live with（65）and purpose．They have also given me some red lights so that my （66）doesn't go astray （误入歧途）：not to be greedy，to keep my temper，and to control my desires．And there also have been some yellow caution lights：to watch how much I drink，to keep control of my behavior，and to （67）school regularly and work hard．If I obey these rules，my life will be as（68）as it can be．Just as I'm wise to pay attention to the traffic lights when I'm walking （69）the street，I'm wise to payattention to the"life （70）"given to me by my parents．51．A．informs B．reminds C．suggests D．indicates 52．A．realize B．understand C．clarify D．remember 53．A．surprising B．competitive C．dangerous D．exciting 54．A．feel B．stand C．receive D．notice55．A．dare B．worry C．complain D．wonder 56．A．frightening B．relaxing C．confusing D．interesting 57．A．attempts B．efforts C．decisions D．preparations58．A．Since B．But C．So D．As59．A．affect B．control C．serve D．improve 60．A．obey B．recognize C．reflect D．analyze 61．A．sensitive B．annoyed C．cautious D．concerned 62．A．teachers B．relatives C．parents D．friends 63．A．case B．honor C．place D．terms 64．A．yellow B．red C．colorful D．green 65．A．adventure B．joy C．panic D．chance 66．A．confidence B．life C．dream D．belief 67．A．attend B．start C．leave D．join68．A．good B．convenient C．special D．simple 69．A．through B．across C．beyond D．above 70．A．purposes B．features C．qualities D．signals．Ⅳ.语法填空（共1小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式．71．A little boy had a bad temper．His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost（71）temper，he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence．The first day，the boy hammered 37nails into the fence．Over the next few weeks，ashe learned to control his anger，the number of nails hammered daily（72）（gradual）dwindled down．He discovered it was（73）（easy）to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence．Finally the day came （74）the boy didn't lose his temper at all．He told his father （75）it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper．The days passed and the boy was finally able to tell his father （76）all the nails were（77）（go）．The father took his son（78）the hand and led him to the fence．He said，"You （79）（do）well，my son，but look at the holes in the fence．The fence will never be the same．When you say things in anger，（80）leave a scar just like this one．A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one．"Ⅴ. 短文改错（共1小题每小题1分，满分10分）81．增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下写出修改后的词注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分I went shopping yesterday afternoon．It is seven o'clock when I was going home by bus．The bus was full of passengers，all of which kept silent．A mother with her little son was sitting nearby．All of sudden，the son cried loud．The mother tried to do what she could to make him stop crying．Thus，the son went on crying．After a long time，a man sitting next of the mother said angrily，"Why don't you give the child what he wants it．"The mother answered quietly，"I would if I could，and what he wants is your hat．"Heard this，all the passenger burst into laughter．Ⅵ.书面表达（满分25分）91．心理健康对我们非常重要，决定着我们的生活质量．请写一篇题为How to keep Mental health的文章，向校报英文版Mental Health投稿．文章应包含以下内容：1．心理健康的重要性．2．保持心理健康的建议：了解自我，接纳自我；善于与他人相处；热爱生活，学习和工作．注意：1．词数为100左右．2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．How to keep mental health2015-2016学年海南省海口市国科园实验学校高二（下）期末英语试卷参考答案与试题解析I. 词汇（30）①英汉互译（每小题1分，共15分）1．感激的（adj．）g rateful．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】"感激的"为grateful，形容词，常用于短语be grateful to sb．for sth．"因某事而对某人感激"，例句：She was grateful to him for being so good to her．他对她这么好，令她很感激．【解答】3．感激的（adj．）grateful2．志愿者（n）v olunteer．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】志愿者【解答】2．志愿者（n）volunteer，它是一个名词，意为"志愿者；义务工作者"，例如：She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week．目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天．3．外向的（adj．）o utgoing．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】outgoing：外向的；开朗的；乐于助人的【解答】13．外向的（adj．）outgoing 这是一个形容词，意思是"外向的；开朗的；乐于助人的"，例如：Underneath his outgoing behaviour Luke was shy．在外向活泼的外表下，卢克其实很害羞．4．shelter庇护；避难所．【考点】单词、词组．【分析】shelter 庇护；避难所【解答】答案：庇护；避难所；保护．考查单词翻译．shelter作动词，意为"保护；使掩蔽；躲避，避难"．作名词，意为"庇护；避难所"．5．使人放松的（adj．）r elaxing．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】"使人放松的"是形容词relaxing，用来修饰事物的，例句：I find cooking very relaxing．我发现烹饪可以令人非常放松．【解答】9．使人放松的（adj．）relaxing6．celebration庆典．【考点】单词、词组．【分析】celebration 庆典，庆祝会；庆祝；颂扬【解答】答案：庆典，庆祝会；庆祝；颂扬．考查单词翻译．celebration为名词，庆典，庆祝会．其动词形式为celebrate．7．漫步，闲逛（v）w ander．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】漫步，闲逛【解答】7．漫步，闲逛（v）wander8．表现（vi．）p erform．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】表现【解答】答案：perform．本题考查动词的识记能力．表现（vi．）perform9．background背景．【考点】单词、词组．【分析】background 背景【解答】答案：背景．考查单词翻译．background作名词，意为"背景，隐蔽的位置"；作动词，意为"作…的背景"；作形容词，意为"背景的；发布背景材料的"．background information背景信息．10．guarantee保证．【考点】单词、词组．【分析】guarantee 保证【解答】答案：保证．考查单词翻译．guarantee作名词时，意为"保证；担保；保证人；保证书；抵押品"，作动词，意为"保证；担保"．guarantee period保质期．11．保护（v）p rotect．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】包护【解答】答案：protect．本题考查动词的识记能力．保护（v）protect12．retire退休．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】退休【解答】答案：退休．本题考查动词的识记能力和英汉互译能力．retire 退休13．理想的i deal．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】理想的【解答】答案：ideal．本题考查形容词的识记能力．理想的ideal．14．force逼迫．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】逼迫【解答】答案：逼迫．本题考查词汇的英汉互译能力．15．打扰d isturb．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】"打扰"为disturb，及物动词，后接宾语．例句，I hope I'm not disturbing you．我希望我没有打扰到你．【解答】8．打扰disturb②. 短语：在空白处填上适当的词（每小题1分，共15分）16．平均on average．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】on average：平均【解答】16．平均__on __ average 这是一个介词短语，可在句子中作状语，例如：He watches three films a week on average．他一个星期平均看三部电影．17．申请apply for．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】申请【解答】答案：for．本题考查动词短语，申请：apply for．apply表示"申请"，注意以下用法：①可用及物或不及物动词，表示"申请得到…"，要用介词for；表示"申请做某事"，其后接不定式：You may apply in person or by letter．你亲自或通过书信申请均可．More than 30 people applied for the position．有30多个人申请这个职位．He applied to stay there．他申请留在那儿．②表示"向…申请（得到）…"，通常用apply to…for…：They applied to the government for financial help．他们向政府申请经济援助．18．与…有联系have connection with．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】与…有联系【解答】答案：with．本题考查动词短语与…有联系：have connection with．These young people were born in the cities，barely have connection with the rural areas．这些人出生在城市，与农村几乎毫无联系．19．as a result 结果是．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】结果是【解答】答案：as．本题考查短语as a result 结果是，用作连词，用来引导一个结果状语从句；故答案为as．而as a result of则为一个介词短语，用来引导一个原因状语，后面需要跟名词、代词或者名词短语，表示起因于，由于．As a result of his historic flight he became an international hero and legend．由于他这次历史性的飞行，他成为了一个国际英雄和传奇．20．编造；组成make up．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】make up：编造；组成【解答】23．编造；组成make _up___ 这是一个动词词组，意思是"编造；组成；弥补；化妆"，例如：I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him．我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道．21．consist of由…组成．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】consist of：由…组成【解答】27．consist ___of ___ 由…组成这是一个动词词组，意思是"由…组成"，需注意这个词组没有被动语态．例如：The class consists of four groups．这个班由四个小组组成．22．pay attention to注意．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】注意…【解答】30．pay attention ___to ___ 注意这是一个动词词组，这里的to是介词，后面必须接名词或者动名词，例如：You must pay attention to the book when you have a class．当你在上课时必须注意书本．23．give up放弃．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】放弃【解答】答案：up．本题考查动词短语：give up放弃．24．把某人扶起pick sb．up．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】把某人扶起【解答】答案：up．本题考查动词短语：把某人扶起pick sb．up，另外该短语还表示开车接某人．25．由某人决定up to sb．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】由某人决定【解答】答案：to．本题考查短语：由某人决定up to sb．up to sb．取决于某人eg．It's up to you to decide where to go this time这次由你决定去哪里．26．毕竟；终归after all．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】毕竟；终归【解答】答案：all．本题考查短语：毕竟；终归after all．27．the key to…的关键．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】…的关键【解答】29．the key _to ___…的关键这里的to是介词，后面必须加名词或者动名词，例如：The key to success is to be ready from the start．成功的关键在于从一开始就要准备充分．28．in danger 在危险中．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】在危险中【解答】答案：in．本题考查短语in danger 在危险中．29．stand for代表．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】代表【解答】答案：for．本题考查动词短语：stand for代表．30．使某人吃惊的是to one's astonishment．【考点】翻译填空．【分析】to one's astonishmet：令某人吃惊的是【解答】22．使某人吃惊的是_to _ one's astonishment 这里的astonishment是名词，意思是"吃惊"，整个词组相当于副词的作用，可以修饰整个句子，例如：To our astonishment，he passed all the exams．使我们吃惊的是，他通过了所有的考试．Ⅱ.阅读理解：（共4小题；每小题8分，满分30分）31．Tracey Webb and her husband Keith were driving friends home to Tavistock late on 11May when they saw two cars that had just crashed badly．The couple had only completed their first aid training on the previous day，but they didn't hesitate（犹豫）to act．Tracey said，"We stopped our car，and our friend Drew called 999．I ran to the cars first and check the people．Both drivers were very shocked，but they were up and walking around．However，there was a front seat passenger trapped in one car so I asked Drew to also call for a fire truck．"I shouted to Keith to help the drivers，then climbed into the back seat of the car and sat holding the head of the trapped passenger，a 17﹣year﹣old boy．Both his legs were caught under the dashboard（仪表盘）．The car was full of broken glass．The passenger's head was covered in glass and tiny cuts．"Tracey added，"He was crying in pain，so I kept talking to him to calm him down．Following my first aid training，I checked for signs of injury and asked some of the boy's medical history to pass on to the doctors．"An ambulance（救护车）came first，and the doctors said I was doing exactly the right thing．I sat holding the injured passenger's head upright and still for another 20minutes and finally handed over to a doctor just before the firemen cut off the roof of the car．"Throughout the process，the couple both stayed calm and focused on what they had learned during their first aid course．"If I had not taken my first aid training，the situation could have been very different that night．We saved a life，"said Tracey．31．On seeing the car accident，Tracey immediately C．A．called for an ambulanceB．asked the firemen for helpC．checked the men in the car accidentD．climbed into the car to save the injured boy32．What was wrong with the 17﹣year﹣old boy？BA．He was seriously injured and couldn't see．B．He got trapped in the car and couldn't get out．C．His head hit the dashboard and was covered in cuts．D．His legs were cut by pieces of glass and losing blood．33．When the doctors said Tracey did the right thing，they meant that Tracey D．A．chose to take first aid courseB．waited for the doctors to comeC．was kind enough to save a strangerD．kept the boy calm and protect his head34．Which words can best describe Tracey and her husband？AA．Calm and warm﹣heartedB．Quick and creative．C．Patient and clever．D．Kind and honest．【考点】人物故事类．【分析】本文讲述了基斯特蕾西韦伯和她的丈夫开车送朋友回家途中遇到一起车祸，然后他们夫妇参与救援的一个故事．【解答】31．C细节理解题．根据第一段第四句"I ran to the cars first and check the people"可知，Tracey Webb 立即去检查事故中的人们．故选C．32．B细节理解题．根据第二段第二句"Both his legs were caught under the dashboard"可知，他被困在车中出不来．故选B．33．D细节理解题．根据第五段第二句"so I kept talking to him to calm him down．"和第六段第二句"the doctors said I was doing exactly the right thing"可知医生所得是我让男孩保持平静、保护头部．故选D．34．A推理判断题．Tracey Webb和丈夫Keith 在送朋友回家路上，偶遇交通事故，毫不犹豫去救人，表现出了热心；文章倒数第二段最后一句说明了夫妇二人的沉着．故选A．35．Babysitter WantedI am seeking a babysitter for my 6﹣month﹣old son．A few hours on Saturdays and Sundays to help me and then additional times as needed．Applicant should be over 18，responsible，loving，warm，drug﹣free，and have experience caring for babies．A college student looking for a part﹣time job is also OK．The pay is 10an hour．If this sounds like a good fit for you，please reply to：rebecharv@aol．com or call 800﹣4964．It is urgent!Office Manager wantedA company is looking for a full﹣time manager to be in charge of the business aspects．Strong skills are needed in organization and business management．The office manager is responsible for keeping financial records，so he/she should be familiar with computer．Please send your resume to jim@californiaaquatics．com or call 800﹣6978．Waiter/Waitress wantedSpecialty Restaurant is looking for an experienced and well seasoned waiter/waitress．A knowledge of wines and fine dining experience are necessary．Must work well under pressure and understand the basics of fine dining and customer service．If you're interested，please reply to job﹣tkupe 1329358152@craigslist．org．This is a part﹣time job．Please，no phone calls about this job!Office Cleaner WantedLooking for Part﹣time work？Position available in the Mississauga area!Part﹣time 4hours per day from 10：00a．m．﹣2：00p．m．Duties include：﹣﹣Clean Washrooms﹣﹣Dust Furniture﹣﹣Mopping floors﹣﹣Other general cleaningSome experience is necessaryPay：15per hourReply to：job﹣p3b7u﹣1365632206@craigslist．org or call 800﹣819735．The position of a（n）B is full﹣time job．A．babysitterB．office managerC．waiter/waitressD．office cleaner36．Where can you send e﹣mail as a college girl？DA．job﹣p3b7u﹣1365632206@craigslist．orgB．job﹣tkupe 1329358152@craigslist．org．C．jim@californiaaquatics．ComD．rebecharv@aol．com37．Which of the following is the most important for waiter/waitress job？D A．Being familiar with computers．B．Having a knowledge of wines．C．Knowing more about menus．D．Working well under pressure．【考点】广告布告类阅读．【分析】本文是四则招聘广告，招聘保姆，办公室经理，服务员，办公室清洁工．具体说明了相关的要求和条件．【解答】35﹣37BDD35B：细节题．根据第二则广告第一行Our company is looking for a full﹣time experienced manager说明办公室经理是全职工作，故B正确．36D：细节题．根据第一则广告Babysitter（保姆）Wanted中A few hours on Saturdays and Sundays to help me and then additional times as needed和A college student looking for a part﹣time job is also OK，大学生寻找兼职工作的也行，以及最后一行please reply to rebecharv@aol．com or call 800﹣4964．说明D正确．37D：细节题；根据第三则广告：Knowledge of wines and experience in dining are necessary．Must work well under pressure and understand the basics of fine dining and customer service．可知做服务员需要菜单方面的知识，但必须可以在压力下很好的工作，了解良好的餐饮基础知识．故选D38．It was on her 14th birthday that her first book，In the Forest of the Night，was accepted for publication．It was a huge success gaining the attention of millions of young readers．At 16，her second novel，Demon in My View，also reached the bookstores．Several books later，the teenage author still works away in her room，surrounded by shelves full of dark tales about vampires （吸血鬼）and witches．Amelia Atwater﹣Rhodes is widely seen as America's finest teen writer and was named one of Teen People's"20Teens Who Will Change the World．"Born in 1984，she began making up stories when she was about three years old．"I never stopped and said，‘I want to write'，"Amelia remembers．"I loved stories and created stories before I was old enough to know how to write them down．"In her family，reading was basic and fun．"My parents encouraged me to read﹣﹣﹣﹣and to read anything I wanted，so long as I was reading，"she said．"They never restricted what I read．Later，when I started writing，they never criticized what I did or said I was‘too young'．They never said it was impossible for me to achieve what I have．"In her short but successful career，Amelia has tried different styles．But vampires were the first characters to really come alive in her work．From them she has developed a。

海南国科园实验学校2015-2016学年度第二学期期中考试高二年级语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题（70分）甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

信息时代更需经典阅读信息时代为我们提供了获取信息的便利，世界变得既立体又平面。

所谓立体，是指信息的丰富性使我们很容易较为全面地了解事物，使我们处在一个与世界的立体联系之中；所谓平面，是指大家处于同一个平面上，凌驾于人们之上的权威似乎在逐渐消逝。

对于年轻人来讲，这似乎是一个无所不能的时代，也应该是一个幸福的时代。

然而，事实似乎并非如此，普遍的焦虑弥漫在年轻人中间：我想知道一切，我也似乎能够知道一切，但却不知道我应该知道什么——选择的自由，使年轻的朋友们感受到了前辈们从未有过的恐慌。

网络信息与传统出版业最大的不同，是前者较少受到社会理性的约束和过滤。

网络上，越具有个人色彩的东西就越具有吸引力，越容易受到追捧，这样的东西有很大几率是“脾气”，而不是具有深厚时代文化内容的个性。

阅读上的羊群效应使人产生从众心理，很多青年人在潜意识里以为通过这种“海量”阅读就可以产生知识和智慧，就可以建立“三观”，但最终，他们得到的却只有空虚和焦虑。

这时候，基础阅读或者叫经典阅读的重要性就显现出来了。

经典是什么，经典就是永不过时的东西，它是人类按照自己的根本利益共同选择下来的文明成果，是建立正确的价值观和人生观的文化基础。

经典阅读，会在潜移默化中让人习得珍贵的思维方式和价值观念，尤其是在童年、少年和青年时期。

比如读四大名著，孩子首先会为故事所吸引，而这些故事本身，都深深镌刻着中国人在漫长历史过程中总结出来的思维模式和价值观念。

故事的演进，会帮助孩子们辨别正邪、建立是非观念，也使他们从中感受到扶危济困、除暴安良的快乐和坚忍不拔的精神，燃起追求正义的热情等等，而这些，都是生活的精神原动力。

如果说小说主要作用于人的思维方式，诗词则直接作用于人的情感模式。

比如小儿皆可诵的《春晓》：“春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。

海南省海南二中2015—2016学年高二下学期4月检测试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

自闭症是一种发育紊乱，这种情况有时候在孩子几个月大的时候就能观察出来，但常常要到孩子三四岁的时候才会确诊。

其特点是交流障碍、不能与人交往和缺乏想象力。

由于不能对自闭症进行生化或基因检测，因此不得不通过对行为的观察来进行诊断。

自闭症儿童通常在医学上还伴随着其他的症状，如多动症，焦虑症或抑郁症等。

结果是，“一个人的自闭症会完全不同于另一个人的自闭症”，明尼苏达大学的流行病学家吉姆·格尼说。

人们在意识到这种模糊性后，便通常将自闭症看成是一系列更笼统的被称为“普遍性发育障碍”的疾患的一部分。

基本上当一个孩子出现任何一种严重的发育异常时都可以被诊断为“普遍性发育障碍”。

而自闭症本身又分为三类：自闭性自闭症、高功能性自闭症和非典型性自闭症。

这三种自闭症一起形成了自闭性紊乱的各种模式。

由于很难将存在发育问题的儿童与这些病症对号入座，在过去30年中，对自闭症的诊断发生过3次重大改变。

在上个世纪70年代末期，只有那些存在“广泛的语言缺陷”和“普遍反应缺乏”等严重问题的孩子才被诊断为患有自闭症。

但自上个世纪80年代开始，对自闭症的诊断标准修改了5次。

自闭症的定义范围放宽是自闭症患者人数大幅上升的主要原因。

伦敦大学学院的托尼·查尔曼说：“判断谁是自闭症患者，谁不是，没有任何检测可以确认。

”除诊断标准的变化外，人们相信还有其他原因使得今天被诊断为自闭症的人数较过去大幅上升，其中一个原因是所谓的“雨人效应”——1988年的电影《雨人》使得公众对自闭症的认识大幅加深。

医疗保健人员对自闭症的认识也逐步深化。

泰勒说：“20年前，英国可能只有10名自闭症专家，但今天，英国有两千多名自闭症专家。

”另—个原因是，有关自闭症的一种令人不快的说法已不太常见。

直到约10年前，人们的一种普遍的想法还是，引起自闭症的主要原因是母亲缺乏爱心，总是依赖冰箱给孩子喂食。

海南国科园实验学校2015～2016学年度第二学期期中考试高一年级语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必做题一．论述类文本阅读（每小题3分，共9分）宋代的农业、手工业、商业在唐代的基础上又有了新的发展，特别是商品经济出现了空前的繁荣，在此背景下，宋代的货巾流通和信用进入迅速发展时期，开创了古代金融的新篇章。

宋代在信用形式和信用工具方面都呈现出新的特点。

信用形式有借贷、质、押、典、赊买赊卖等多种形式。

借贷分为政府借贷和私人借贷。

政府借贷主要表现为赈贷的形式，在紧急情况下通过贷给百姓粮食或种子的方式，帮助他们度过困境。

私人借贷多为高利贷，它可以解决社会分化和“钱荒”带来的平民百姓资金严重不足的问题，满足特殊支付和燃眉之急的需要。

质、押是借贷的担保形式，由质库、解库等机构经营。

质属于动产担保，它必须转移动产的占有；押属于不动产担保，通常将抵押物的契约交付债权人即可。

债务人违约时，债权人可用变卖价款优先受偿。

典作为不动产转移的一种形式是在宋代形成和发展起来的。

其特点是典权人向出典人支付典价后，在典期内就占有了出典人典产的使用权和收益支配权，出典人也不必向典权人支付利息。

宋代的商业贸易非常发达，但存在着通货紧缩现象，故赊买赊卖行为也很普遍，几乎生产、流通、消费领域的所有物品都能进行赊买赊卖。

从实际效果看，它解决了军需、加强了流通，更重要的一点，它对束缚生产流通扩大和发展的高利贷构成了冲击。

随着社会经济的发展，宋代商业贸易对货币的要求越来越高，但是社会中货币供给和流通状况不尽理想，表现为货币流通区域的割据性、货币供给数量的有限性，以及大量流通的铜铁钱细碎和不便携带的特性，其结果是抑制了经济发展。

为了解决这类问题，在高度发达的造纸和印刷技术保障下，通过民间自发力量的作用和官府的强制推行，宋代社会陆续出如现了诸茶引、盐引、交子、关子和会子等新型纸质信用工具。

茶引、盐引要求相关人员先用粮草或现钱的付出作为取得的条件，然后凭此类纸质信用工具异地兑取现钱或政府专卖货物。