学位英语 翻译

美国学校提供的学位有很多种，依所学领域的不同，而有不同的学位。

以下列出的是美国高等教育中较常见的学位:Ph.D.（Doctor of Philosophy）: 博士学位。

而有些领域的博士课程会有不同的学位名称，如D.A.(Doctor of Arts)、Ed.D.(Doctor of Education)M.B.A.（Master of Business Administration）: 商学管理硕士。

M.A.（Master of Arts）硕士；B.A.（Bachelor of Arts）学士: 两者皆属于人文、艺术或社会科学的领域，如文学、教育、艺术、音乐。

M.S.（Master of Science）硕士；B.S.（Bachelor of Science）学士: 两者皆属于理工、科学的领域，如数学、物理、信息等。

Associate Degree（副学士学位）: 读完两年制小区大学或职业技术学校所得到的学位。

Dual Degree（双学位）: 是由两个不同学院分别授与，因此得到的是两个学位。

Joint Degree：为两个不同学院联合给予一个学位，如法律经济硕士。

major 主修 minor 辅修大家要搜索自己的专业, 请按 ctrl + F 打开搜索窗口, 然后输入关键字查询学士Bachelor of Arts B.A. 文学士Bachelor of Arts in Education B.A.Ed., B.A.E. 教育学文学士Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science B.A.CS 计算机文学士Bachelor of Arts in Music B.A.Mus,B.Mus 音乐艺术学士Bachelor of Arts in Social Work B.A.S.W 社会工作学文学士Bachelor of Engineering B.Eng., B.E 工学士Bachelor of Engineering in Social Science B.Eng.Soc 社会工程学士Bachelor of Engineering in Management B.Eng.Mgt 管理工程学士Bachelor of Environmental Science/Studies B.E.Sc., B.E.S 环境科学学士Bachelor of Science B.S 理学士Bachelor of Science in Business B.S.B., B.S.Bus 商学理学士Bachelor of Science in Business Administration B.S.B.A 工商管理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Education B.S.Ed., B.S.E 教育学理学士Bachelor of Science in Engineering B.S.Eng., B.S.E 工程学理学士Bachelor of Science in Forestry B.S.cF 森林理学士Bachelor of Science in Medicine B.S.Med 医学理学士Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology B.S.M.T., B.S.Med.Tech 医技学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nursing B.S.N., B.S.Nurs 护理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nutrition B.SN 营养学理学士Bachelor of Science in Social Work B.S.S.W 社会工作学理学士Bachelor of Science in Technology B.S.T 科技学理学士Bachelor of Computer Science B.CS 计算机理学士Bachelor of Computer Special Science B.CSS 计算机特殊理学士Bachelor of Architecture B. Arch. 建筑学士Bachelor of Administration B.Admin. 管理学士Bachelor of Business Administration B.B.A. 工商管理学士Bachelor of Education B.Ed., B.E 教育学士Bachelor of Fine Arts B.F.A. 艺术学士Bachelor of General Studies B.G.S 通识学士Bachelor of Liberal Studies B.L.S 文理学学士Bachelor of Health Science BHSc 健康科学学士Bachelor of Music B.M., B.Mus 音乐学士Bachelor of Music Education B.M.Ed., B.M.E 音乐教育学士Bachelor of Nursing B.N 护理学士Bachelor of Professional Studies B.P.S 专业进修学士Bachelor of Law LL.B 法学士Bachelor of Commerce ., . 商学士Bachelor in Social Work B.S.W 社会工作学士Bachelor of Technology B.T 科技学士Bachelor of Kinesiology B.K., B.Kin 运动机能学学士Bachelor of Landscape Architecture 景观建筑学士Bachelor of Nursing B.N 护理学士Bachelor of Physical B.PE 体育学士Bachelor of Resource Management B.RM 资源管理学士Bachelor of Theology B.Th 神学士硕士Master of Arts M.A 文学硕士Master of Accounting M.Acc 会计学硕士Master of Arts in Education M.A.Ed 教育学文学硕士Master of Architecture M.Arch 建筑学硕士Master of Arts in Teaching M.A.T 教育文学硕士Master of Business Administration M.B.A 工商管理学硕士Master of Civil Engineering M.C.E 土木工程学硕士Master of Chemical Engineering M.Ch.E., M.C.E 化学工程学硕士Master of Criminal Justice M.C.J 刑事学硕士Master of Divinity M.Div 神学学硕士Master of Engineering M.E 工程学硕士Master of Education M.Ed 教育学硕士Master of Economics M.Ec 经济学硕士Master of Electrical Engineering M.E.E 电机工程学硕士Master of Fine Arts M.F.A 艺术硕士Master of Law M.L 法学硕士Master of Library Science M.L.S 图书馆学硕士Master of Music M.M., M.Mus 音乐硕士Master of Music Education M.M.E., M.M.Ed 音乐教育学硕士Master of Nursing M.N 护理学硕士Master of Public Administration M.P.A 公共行政学硕士Master of Psychology M.Psy 心理学硕士Master of Science M.S 理学硕士Master of Science in Criminal Justice M.S.C.J 刑事理学硕士Master of Science in Education M.S.E., M.S.Ed 教育理学硕士Master of Science in Electrical Engineering M.S.E.E 电机工程理学硕士Master of Science in Library Science M.S.L.S 图书馆理学硕士Master of Science in Medical Technology M.S.M.T 医技理学硕士Master of Science in Nursing M.S.N 护理理学硕士Master of Science in Social Work M.S.S.W 社会工作理学硕士Master of Social Work M.S.W 社会工作学硕士博士Doctor of Arts D.A 文学博士Doctor of Dental Science D.D.S 牙科博士Doctor of Science D.Sc.; Sc.D 科学博士Doctor of Engineering D.E 工程博士Doctor of Education D.Ed 教育学博士Doctor of Musical Arts D.M.A 音乐艺术博士Doctor of Osteopathy D.O 骨科博士Doctor of Social Science D.S.S 社会科学博士Doctor of Veterinary Medicine D.V.M 兽医学博士Doctor of Jurisprudence J.D 法理学博士Doctor of Judicial Science J.S.D 司法学博士Doctor of Business Administration D.B.A 工商管理博士Doctor of Accountancy D.Acc 会计学博士。

一、A Working Community1. I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It does not say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address.This membership comes f rom her hospital work.我有一个朋友,她是医学界的一员。

当然，这在有她家庭住址的信笺上是找不到的。

她的这个成员身份来自她的医院工作。

2. I have another friend who is a member of the computer community. This is a fairl y new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我有另一个朋友，他是电脑圈的一员。

这是我们的经济的一个相当新的分支，但是他在这里找到了自己的归属感。

3. Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic communi ty, or the business community, or the journalistic community.我的其他朋友和熟人是学术界，商界，或新闻社区的成员。

4. Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong。

虽然在任何地图上找不到这些，我们却知道自己的归属。

5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。

2019年学位英语考试翻译试题及答案11. 我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.2. 在建立个人网站前，先问问自己，为什么想要一网站，想要达到的目标是什么。

Before you build a personal site，ask yourself why you want one，and what you want to accomplish.3. 在造访一个提供网站空间服务的网站时，你会看到种类繁多的方案可供选择，哪一种价位可以给你多少网络空间及多大的传输流量。

When you visit the site of a Web host，you’ll see a wide variety of plans-so much space and so much network traffic for so much money.4. 典型的网站包括图像、文字及图片，比较精心制作的网站还有动画、影像、声音和其他额外的内容。

Web site typically contain graphics，texts and pictures，while more elaborate ones include animation，video，audio and other extras.5. 关于网站设计，有许多是很吸引人的，也有许多则令人泄气。

There are many things about Web sites that are appealing and many that are just plain frustrating.6. Pizza came to the U. S. with Italian immigrants; the first U. S. piz zeria opened in 1905，and pizza became one of the nation’s favourite f oods after World War Ⅱ。

学位英语作文及翻译模板Title: The Importance of Continuous Learning。

Introduction:Education is an essential part of personal and professional development. In today's rapidly changing world, continuous learning plays a crucial role in staying competitive and adapting to new challenges. This essay will discuss the importance of lifelong learning and its benefits.Body:1. Enhanced Knowledge and Skills:Continuous learning allows individuals to expandtheir knowledge and acquire new skills. This is especially important in fields that are constantly evolving, such as technology, medicine, and business. By staying updated withthe latest developments, individuals can enhance their expertise and remain relevant in their respective industries.2. Career Advancement:A commitment to continuous learning often leads to career advancement opportunities. Employers value employees who are proactive in upgrading their skills and knowledge. By pursuing additional education or certifications, individuals can improve their job prospects and climb the career ladder more effectively.3. Adaptability and Resilience:Lifelong learners are more adaptable and resilientin the face of change. They embrace new ideas and technologies with enthusiasm rather than resistance. This adaptability is crucial in today's dynamic work environment, where innovations and disruptions occur frequently.4. Personal Growth and Fulfillment:Learning is not just about professional growth but also personal development. Continuous learning challenges individuals to step out of their comfort zones, explore new interests, and broaden their perspectives. This leads to greater fulfillment and a sense of accomplishment.5. Networking and Collaboration:Engaging in continuous learning often involves interacting with peers, instructors, and experts in various fields. This networking can lead to valuable collaborations, mentorship opportunities, and a supportive community oflike-minded individuals. These connections can be instrumental in one's personal and professional journey.Conclusion:In conclusion, continuous learning is indispensable in today's knowledge-driven society. It not only enhances knowledge and skills but also opens doors to new opportunities, fosters adaptability, promotes personalgrowth, and facilitates meaningful connections. Therefore, individuals should embrace lifelong learning as a lifelong pursuit rather than a one-time endeavor.Translation:标题，持续学习的重要性。

各类学士学位英语翻译Bachelor of Arts B. A. 文学士Bachelor of Arts in Education B. A. Ed. , B. A. E. 教育学文学士Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science B. A. CS 计算机文学士Bachelor of Arts in Music B. A. Mus,B. Mus 音乐艺术学士Bachelor of Arts in Social Work B. A. S. W 社会工作学文学士Bachelor of Engineering B. Eng. , B. E 工学士Bachelor of Engineering in Social Science B. Eng. Soc 社会工程学士Bachelor of Engineering in Management B. Eng. Mgt 管理工程学士Bachelor of Environmental Science/Studies B. E. Sc. , B. E. S 环境科学学士Bachelor of Science B. S 理学士Bachelor of Science in Business B. S. B. , B. S. Bus 商学理学士Bachelor of Science in Business Administration B. S. B. A 工商管理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Education B. S. Ed. , B. S. E 教育学理学士Bachelor of Science in Engineering B. S. Eng. , B. S. E 工程学理学士Bachelor of Science in Forestry B. S. cF 森林理学士Bachelor of Science in Medicine B. S. Med 医学理学士Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology B. S. M. T. , B. S. Med. Tech 医技学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nursing B. S. N. , B. S. Nurs 护理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nutrition B. SN 营养学理学士Bachelor of Science in Social Work B. S. S. W 社会工作学理学士Bachelor of Science in Technology B. S. T 科技学理学士Bachelor of Computer Science B. CS 计算机理学士Bachelor of Computer Special Science B. CSS 计算机特殊理学士Bachelor of Architecture B. Arch. 建筑学士Bachelor of Administration B. Admin. 管理学士Bachelor of Business Administration B. B. A. 工商管理学士Bachelor of Education B. Ed. , B. E 教育学士Bachelor of Fine Arts B. F. A. 艺术学士Bachelor of General Studies B. G. S 通识学士Bachelor of Liberal Studies B. L. S 文理学学士Bachelor of Health Science BHSc 健康科学学士Bachelor of Music B. M. , B. Mus 音乐学士Bachelor of Music Education B. M. Ed. , B. M. E 音乐教育学士Bachelor of Nursing B. N 护理学士Bachelor of Professional Studies B. P. S专业进修学士Bachelor of Law LL. B 法学士Bachelor of Commerce B. Com. , B. Com. 商学士Bachelor in Social Work B. S. W 社会工作学士Bachelor of Technology B. T 科技学士Bachelor of Kinesiology B. K. , B. Kin 运动机能学学士Bachelor of Landscape Architecture B. LA 景观建筑学士Bachelor of Nursing B. N 护理学士Bachelor of Physical B. PE 体育学士Bachelor of Resource Management B. RM 资源管理学士Bachelor ofTheology B. Th 神学士。

1.They have agreed that they will stick to the policy and will not change it.他们一致同意，要求坚持这个政策，绝不改变。

2.How can you turn down the offer? I'm afraid she will feel hurt.你怎么能拒绝他的请求呢？恐怕他会伤心的。

3.Each term our professor would write out a list of books for us to read.每学期教授都会列出一系列书目让我们阅读。

4.I believe you have left behind your purse in the living room.我想你是把钱包丢在卧室里了。

5.We have run out of paper and ink. Ask Mrs Edward to lend us some.纸和笔用完了，让爱德华太太借给我们一些吧。

6.English is used by more people than any other language except Chinese.除了汉语以外，英语比其他任何一种语言使用的都多。

7.Take the medicine now, I believe it will relieve your pain.现在就吃药，我相信他会减轻你的痛苦的。

8.The results of the survey are interesting and they bring about more questions than they can answer.调查的结果非常有趣，带来了许多无法回答的问题。

9.The company has to balance the benefits against the coast in the last three months.公司在最后三个月内要达到收支平衡。

学士学位英语-翻译1.There are four major types of education in China：basic education，vocational andtechnical education, higher education and adult education。

2.And adult education includes literacy classes，night school education and other forms ofeducation provided for adults.3.The Chinese government is devoting increasing attention to preschool education。

4.help them express themselves orally and encourage them to get into a good habit oflearning.5.Archaeology is a source of history，not just a humble auxiliary discipline6.Archeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or,more succinctly，the fossilized results of human behavior。

7.They were, as a group，semiliterate，proud，and stubborn，as dogged in theirinsistence on their own way of life as pine roots cracking granite to grow。

Unit6 和自然和睦相处温德尔·伯利1和他们的对手工业经济的保护者一样，大自然的保护者有时也认为自然和人类是完全不同完全不相关联的两个实体。

就像工业家常常明确表明他们致力于对自然的完全占有或者如同他们所说，彻底征服自然一样，他们所说，彻底征服自然一样，大自然的保护者往往反对任何人类对大自然的侵犯。

大自然的保护者往往反对任何人类对大自然的侵犯。

2这两种极端对立的观点是危险的，最好是让人们意识到自然和人类彼此毫无关联的设想只是一种纯粹的理念；而实际情况并非如此。

3纯自然的环境不适合人类生活，人类不愿意也不能在此环境中长期生活，如果我们身处恶劣的气候达几个小时之久，就会渴望得到一些生活的必需品，抵御风寒的衣物、住所、熟食、亲友的陪伴——甚至想洗个热水澡，看看书，听听音乐。

4纯人文的环境同样也不适合人类生活，人类也不想长久地生活于这种环境之中。

很显然人类所处的环境越人造化，“天然”这个词就越被人珍视。

确实，我们可以说，我们当今的自然资源保护运动在很大程度上是工业革命的产物。

然资源保护运动在很大程度上是工业革命的产物。

渴望得到新鲜的空气，渴望得到新鲜的空气，渴望得到新鲜的空气，清澈的溪流，清澈的溪流，看到原始森林，大草原和大沙漠的人是哪些不再享有这些自然资源的人们。

5人们不可能离开自然生活，这是生态环境保护主义者的重要观点，，这是生态环境保护主义者的重要观点，但是人们又不可能在纯但是人们又不可能在纯自然的环境中生活而不对它作丝毫的改造。

这一点也适用于所有的生物。

人和其它生物都依赖于自然并且需要改造自然。

从某种意义上讲，我们所说的自然是各种各样生物和自然的力量在它们错综复杂的活动相互影响和变化的过程中所造成的变化的总和。

因为有了啄木鸟，自然就因此而有所不同，自然也因为有了生活在树干中的穿孔虫和蚂蚁以及在树下土壤里的细菌而有所不同，这些不同的组合就形成了世界。

6有些野生动物制造的变化是有利的，海狸制造水塘是出了名的，这些水塘后来成了肥沃的牧场，树和草原上的草可以防止水土流失。

26.We are getting ready for our English examination.答案：我们正在为英语考试做准备。

27.In the past few days, news of victory has kept coming in.答案：在过去的几天里胜利的消息不断传来。

28.She has only a small room to live in.答案：她只有一个小房间住。

29.I read the local newspapers with great interest every evening.答案：每晚我怀着极大的兴趣读当地报纸。

30.You and your team can discover the answers to problems together.答案：你和你的团队能够一起找到问题的答案。

31.I rang your house last night but your mother answered the phone.答案：我昨夜给你家打电话，但接电话的是你母亲26.The girls are busy making preparations for the weekend party.答案：姑娘们忙着准备周末的晚会。

27.She likes Mike a lot, but she doesn't want to get married so early.答案：她喜欢迈克，但她不想那么早就结婚。

28.In the past few days, news of victory has kept coming in.答案：在过去的几天里胜利的消息不断传来。

29.I hope we can have some snow this winter.答案：我希望今年冬天会下点雪。

30.This box can hold more books than that one.答案：这个箱子比那个箱子能装更多的书。

英译汉A 1. As well as this, there must be wild beasts upon 此外，我呆的地方一定有野兽会把我咬死吃掉。

2.Athough the circumstances were different during my 虽然说现在的环境和我在解放前的情况大不相同，但我知道，突然让人剥夺了一切，生活一夜之间发生了变化是什么滋味。

3.An Italian father may also continue to bankroll his 在意大利，父亲甚至还可以继续从经济上资助他自己成年并已挣工资的儿子，因为作为一家之主，他很乐意去资助他的“孩子们”，不管他们有多大。

4.A speech community ,then ,is any group of people who speak 因此，所谓语言群体是指讲同一种语言的任何人群，与他们居住的地点无关。

5.Although I’ve never worked for a bank before,虽然我以前为在银行工作，但是我在那儿工作很舒服，因为我习惯于和数字打交道。

6.Any machine that can control itself and do things that 任何能够自行控制，能够做通常需要人类的双手和聪明的头脑来进行工作的机器，都可以称为“机器人”。

7.All those who whole-heartedly served the people and 所有那些全心全意为人民服务，把人民的利益放在个人利益之上的人，是伟大的，应当把他们当作学习的榜样。

8.All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow 我们大家的确都知道，人不同于其它动物，设法发出某种声音来表达思想、感情、行动和其他事情，以便能彼此进行交流。

9.“Automation” means, as we know, running a factory almost entirely by 我们知道，“自动化”的意思是指一个工厂几乎完全由自动化的机器来管理，一切工作都由“机器人”来做，而不是由成千上万的熟练工人来做。

Let's Go Veggie!咱们吃素吧! 第二单元 text A如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。

一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。

变化速度之快令人惊叹。

素食品的销售额大大增加，前所未有。

尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。

推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。

一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。

美国饮食学协会指出，“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。

”去年秋天，在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出：“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。

”据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯?霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿（加）元。

肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维，含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇，甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。

牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。

肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。

据加拿大食品检验机构称，十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。

吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，拿你的健康做赌资。

既然如此，政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。

根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。

这并不奇怪。

即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。

健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由，但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。

以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。

PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.世界变平产生一些意外的后果，其一就是不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。

Unit2 家庭企业：下一代的前景美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。

在今后的20年里，估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。

大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。

但是很多情况下，财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。

事实上，多数的交接工作将会失败。

一般来说，只有1／3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。

一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。

在下—个十年里，数以千计的家庭企业，其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。

糟糕的是许多企业只有进行适当的规划才能勉强生存。

然而，很多企业已为时太晚了。

一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年，三年甚至是五年进行的。

确切地说，一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。

无论规模的大小，技术的高低或名气是否响亮，每一个家庭企业都是不一样的。

但是无论怎样不同，在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前，以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。

计划你的交接管理机构业主／企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。

他们往往擅长多种技能。

在很多情况下，他们既是生产专家，又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。

要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。

因此，家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。

参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。

然后，对它们进行比较。

各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。

以朱蒂为例。

朱蒂拥有一家软件公司，她共有三个孩子：一个是电脑天才，一个是赛车手，还有一个拿到了商业方面的文凭但对经营公司却毫无兴趣。

另外，朱蒂有一个强有力的管理队伍。

根据她的情况，她应该考虑把公司的所有权移交给她的孩子们，但是依然让她的管理队伍来经营公司。

在家庭内或家庭外物色适当人选担任这些职位是不容易的，或者说不是一夜之间可以敲定的。

因此，提前制定一个行动计划和时间表是非常重要的，以便职责的过渡井然有序地进行。

学位英语400单词词汇1、differ vi.不同，相异2、pretend vt.假装，装作vi.假装3、tend vi.走向，趋向4、powerful adj.强有力的5、summary adj.简短的，扼要的n.摘要，总结6、academic adj.学院的，学术的7、scan vt.浏览；扫描8、cart n.二轮运货马车9、suitable adj.适宜的；恰当的10、support vt.支持；供养；承受11、fence n.栅栏12、drunk a.醉的，陶醉的13、calm adj.平静的14、destination n.目的地，终点，目标15、gas n.煤气，气体16、anger n.怒，愤怒vt.使发怒17、cycle n.循环18、cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫19、hopeless adj.没有希望的，绝望的20、disagree vi.不同意；不一致21、significance n.意义，意味；重要性22、attract vt.吸引，诱惑23、construction n.建造，建筑物24、combine vt.使结合，兼有25、voyage n.航海vi.航海，航空26、occupy vt.占领，占有；忙碌27、owe vt.欠；归功于28、grocer n.杂货商29、ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的30、focus vi.聚焦，注视n.焦点31、communist n.共产党员32、lecture vi.演讲；讲课n.演讲；讲课33、staff n.全体工作人员34、humour v.纵容，迁就35、oxygen n.氧，氧气36、damage vt.损害，毁坏n.损害37、accurate adj.准确的，正确无误的38、brief adj.简短的vt.作简报39、distance n.距离，远处40、cure vt.医治n.治愈41、mountainous adj.多山的42、credit n.信用，分数43、shot n.射击，发射；投篮44、press vi.压，按vt.压；压榨n.印刷；新闻，报刊；出版社45、tax n.税（款）vt.征税46、onto prep.到…上47、punishment n.惩罚48、root n.根（部）；根源vi.生根，扎根49、production n.产品；产量50、pile n.堆vt.堆叠51、understanding n.理解，理解力52、distant adj.在远处的，疏远的53、prefer vt.宁可，宁愿54、link vt.连接n.联系55、curtain n.帘，窗帘，幕(布)56、digest vt.消化，领会n.文摘57、sheet n.被单；纸张，薄片58、extraordinary adj.非同寻常的，特别的59、favor n.好感，赞同，恩惠60、counter n.柜台，计数器61、graduation n.毕业62、blame vt.责备，把…归咎于63、content adj.满意的，满足的64、guide n.导游vt.指导65、diagram n.图解，图表，简图66、embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难67、annoy vt.使恼怒，打搅68、nowhere adv.任何地方都不69、bleed vi.流血70、flame n.火焰，光辉，热情71、practical adj.实用的72、comb n.梳子vt.梳理73、sponsor n.发起者vt.发起74、motor n.发动机，机动车75、pence n.penny的复数76、nuclear adj.原子核的；核心的77、frequently adv.时常，频繁地78、timetable n.时间表；时刻表79、passer-by n.过路人80、independent adj.独立的，自主的81、panic n.恐慌，惊慌82、accuse vt.指责，归咎于83、instant n.瞬间a.立即的84、evidence n.根据，证据，证人85、forgive vt.原谅，宽恕86、beginning n.开始，开端，起源87、typewriter n.打字机88、decrease vi.n.减少89、means n.方法，手段90、media n.媒体91、comfort n.舒适，安慰vt.安慰92、continent n.大陆，洲93、greatly adv.大大地，非常地；伟大地，崇高地94、seaside n.海边95、later adv.后来96、length n.长度97、especially adv.特别，尤其，格外98、evaluate vt.评价，估…的价99、tradition n.传统，惯例100、chief adj.主要的，首席的101、thus adv.如此，这样；因而102、loaf n.一条面包103、sink vi.下沉，降低n.水槽，水池104、cage n.笼，鸟笼，囚笼105、oral adj.口头的106、upward adj.向上的，上升的ad.向上，往上107、income n.收入，收益108、channel n.海峡，渠道，频道109、musical adj.音乐的110、net adj.净的，纯的n.网，网状物111、effect n.效果，效力112、arrest vt.逮捕，拘留113、self n.自我，自己114、appreciate vt.欣赏，领会，感谢115、typist n.打字员116、librarian n.图书馆馆员117、pain n.痛苦；疼痛118、journey n.旅行，旅程119、native adj.本土的n.本地人120、steady adj.稳固的vt.使稳定121、best adj.最好的122、whistle n.口哨vi.吹口哨123、pin n.别针，钉子vt.钉住124、cream n.奶油125、custom n.习惯，风俗，海关126、seize vt.抓住；夺取，占据127、needle n.针vt.缝补，编织128、eastern adj.东方的，朝东的129、attitude n.态度，看法，姿势130、average n.平均数adj.平均的131、reception adj.接待；接待处132、extra adj.额外的ad.特别地133、false adj.不真实的，伪造的134、interpreter n.翻译135、skyscraper n.摩天大楼136、postcode n.邮递区号137、politics n.政治138、sex n.性别，性139、firm adj.坚定的n.公司，商号140、principle n.原则，原理141、globe n.地球，世界，地球仪142、mild adj.温柔的；温暖的143、pack vt.捆扎，打包；挤满n.包144、medal n.奖章，纪念章145、bite vt.咬，叮，螫146、discriminate vt.vi.区别对待，歧视147、million num.百万148、relevant adj.有关的；中肯的149、greet vt.问候，招呼，反应150、grain n.谷物，谷粒，颗粒151、debate n.vi.争论，辩论152、broadcast n.广播，播音153、diet n.饮食，食物154、load vt.装，装满n.负载；负担155、event n.事件，事变156、diamond n.钻石，菱形157、violent adj.猛烈的，狂暴的158、engine n.发动机，引擎159、benefit n.利益，恩惠，津贴160、ordinary adj.平常的，平凡的161、leak vi.漏；泄露n.漏洞162、architecture n.建筑学，建筑式样163、compete vi.比赛，竞争，对抗164、sincere adj.真诚的，真挚的165、expense n.花费，消费，费用166、precious adj.珍贵的，宝贵的167、suit n.起诉，诉讼vt.适合168、navy n.海军169、casual adj.偶然的，随便的170、finance n.财政，金融，财源171、athlete n.运动员172、butcher n.屠夫，屠户173、actual adj.实际的，现行的174、indeed adv.真正地，确实175、risk n.风险，危险vt.冒险176、balance vt.使平衡，称n.天平177、profit n.利润vi.得益178、policy n.政策，方针179、button n.扣子，按钮vt.扣紧180、trial n.试验；审判181、harmony n.协调，和谐182、beer n.啤酒183、check n.支票184、misunderstand vt.误解，误会185、therefore adv.因此，所以186、ceremony n.典礼，仪式，礼节187、chimney n.烟囱188、sunshine n.阳光189、ladder n.梯子190、possession n.财产191、ignore vt.不顾，不理，忽视192、responsible adj.有责任的；尽责的193、niece n.侄女，外甥女194、soil n.土壤；土地195、infer vt.推论，推断，猜想196、lip n.嘴唇197、material n.材料，原料；素材a.物质的198、delight n.快乐vt.使高兴199、goal n.球门，得分，目的200、worse adj.更坏的ad.更坏201、garbage n.垃圾，污物，废料202、bath n.洗澡，浴缸203、reserve vt.储备，保留；预定204、hunt n.vt.打猎，搜寻205、customer n.顾客，主顾206、worthwhile adj.值得的207、castle n.城堡208、nephew n.侄子，外甥209、movement n.动作；活动；移动210、noisy adj.嘈杂的，喧闹的211、burst vt.使爆裂vi.n.爆炸212、view vt.看待；看n.见解；风景213、publish vt.公布，发表；出版，刊印214、grand adj.宏伟的，重大的215、neat adj.整洁的；简洁的216、fur n.软毛，毛皮，裘皮217、illegal adj.非法的218、pattern n.式样，模型219、poet n.诗人220、due adj.预期的，应给的221、arrival n.到达，到达者222、telegraph n.电报(机)v.发电报223、bend vt.使弯曲vi.弯曲224、darkness n.黑暗225、innocent adj.清白的，幼稚的226、maximum n.最大量a.最大的227、starve vi.饿死vt.使饿死228、major vi.主修，专攻a.主要的，多数的n.专业229、apart adv.相隔，分开，除去230、folk n.人们，家属，亲属231、pot n.锅232、soul n.灵魂，精神；人233、reliable adj.可靠的234、skin vt.剥皮n.皮，皮肤；兽皮235、rate n.比率；速度；价格vt.评价，估价236、vote n.选举，投票237、flour n.面粉，粉末238、league n.同盟，联盟239、lawyer n.律师240、defeat vt.战胜，击败241、section n.切片；部门；章节242、employ vi.雇用243、pollution n.污染244、apartment n.一套公寓房间245、digital adj.数字的246、harm n.伤害，损害vt.损害247、blank adj.空白的n.空白248、confident n.确信的，自信的249、recycle vt.重复利用250、roll vi.滚动，转动n.一卷；名册251、aircraft n.飞机，飞行器252、federal adj.联邦的，联盟的253、universe n.宇宙，世界254、complex adj.结合的，复杂的255、arrange vt.筹备，整理，调解256、ought aux.应该257、judge n.法官，裁判员258、television n.电视，电视机259、tank n.坦克；大容器260、relative adj.有关系的；相对的n.亲戚，亲属261、transport n.运输vt.运输262、justice n.正义，公正，司法263、fist n.拳头264、hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇265、exist vi.存在，生存266、assume vt.假定，承担，呈现267、outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的268、character n.性格，特性，角色269、kindergarten n.幼儿园270、merry adj.欢乐的，愉快的271、obtain vt.获得272、feather n.羽毛，翎毛，羽状物273、respond vi.回答；响应274、beg vt.vi.乞求，请求275、base n.基础，底层，基地276、dust n.灰尘277、rank n.军衔vt.归类于278、demand vt.要求，需要279、range vi.变动，变化n.范围280、stare vi.凝视281、downtown adv.在市区，往市区282、midday n.中午283、revise vt.校订，修改284、drawing n.绘画285、mineral n.矿物a.矿物的286、afterward(s)adv.后来，以后，随后287、advance vi.前进，提高n.进展288、tight adj.紧的；紧身的ad.紧紧地289、shock n.冲击；震惊；电击vi.震动290、forever adv.永远，总是，老是291、contain vt.包含，容纳292、wave n.波，波涛；起伏vi.波动；挥手293、slight adj.细长的；轻微的294、nationality n.国籍，民族295、suddenly adv.突然296、suffer vt.遭受，忍受vi.受害，受损失297、boil vi.沸腾，汽化vt.煮沸298、shortcoming n.短处，缺点299、fluent adj.流利的，流畅的300、reject vt.拒绝；丢掉；驳回301、perform vt.执行；演出302、recognize vt.认出，识别303、quantity n.数量；大量304、disappoint vt.使失望305、attack vt.vi.n.攻击，进攻306、consist vi.由…组成307、roof n.屋顶308、aid n.帮助，救护，助手309、pan n.平底锅310、accordingly adv.因此，依照311、noun n.名词312、jazz n.爵士音乐，爵士舞曲313、broom n.扫帚314、symbol n.象征；符号315、grocery n.杂货店316、familiar adj.熟悉的317、badminton n.羽毛球318、adult n.成年人adj.成年的319、constant adj.经常的，永恒的320、nut n.坚果321、lorry n.卡车322、appointment n.任命，约定，约会323、moral adj.合乎道德的n.道德，品行324、sensitive adj.敏感的，灵敏的325、phrase n.短语，习惯用语326、swallow vt.吞，咽vi.吞，咽n.燕子327、bother vt.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦328、citizen n.公民，市民，居民329、willing adj.心甘情愿的330、overcome vt.战胜，克服331、adapt vt.使适应，改编332、emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件333、recommend vt.推荐334、cash n.现金，现款335、angle n.角，角度336、ahead adv.在前，向前，提前337、orbit n.运行轨道vt.环绕338、living-room n.起居室339、shore n.滨，岸340、fade vi.褪色，逐渐消失341、lately adv.最近342、nation n.民族，国家343、impress vt.给…深刻印象344、occupation n.占领，占据；职业，工作345、degree n.程度，度，学位346、belly n.腹部，胃347、baggage n.行李348、anniversary n.周年纪念日349、female n.a.女性的，雌性的350、bathe vt.给…洗澡，弄湿351、fiction n.小说，虚构，杜撰352、identity n.身分，相同vt.确定身份353、horrible adj.可怕的，极可憎的，极可厌的354、battery n.电池355、spot vt.认出，发现n.点，斑点；地点356、court n.法庭357、defend vt.保卫，防守358、anxious adj.忧虑的，渴望的359、ban n.禁令vt.禁止，取缔360、sneaker n.鬼鬼祟祟做事的人，卑鄙者，运动鞋361、pipe vt.用管道输送n.管子，导管；烟斗362、declare vt.断言，声明363、courtyard n.庭院，院子364、painting n.油画；绘画365、host n.主人，东道主366、destroy vt.破坏，消灭367、jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶368、devote vt.将…奉献，致力于369、entire adj.全部的，彻底的370、fasten vt.扎牢，扣住，使固定371、recover vt.恢复，痊愈372、immigrate v.移民373、retire vi.退休374、deed n.行为，功绩，契约375、available adj.可利用的，通用的376、split vt.劈开377、volunteer n.志愿者vt.志愿378、expert n.专家a.熟练的379、concentrate vt.集中，聚集，浓缩380、splendid adj.壮丽的，显著的381、reading n.阅读；读物382、opinion n.意见，看法383、congratulation n.祝词，贺辞384、various adj.各种各样的385、parrot n.鹦鹉386、operate vi.操作；施行手术387、basis n.基础，根据388、represent vt.描绘；代表，象征389、fountain n.泉水，喷泉390、damp adj.潮湿的391、tin n.锡；罐头392、deadline n.最终期限393、calculate vt.计算，估计，计划394、valuable adj.值钱的，有价值的n.贵重物品395、float vi.漂浮vt.使漂浮396、profession n.职业397、pill n.药丸398、spy n.间谍，特务vt.侦察，监视399、phenomenon n.现象400、menu n.菜单。

阅读理解:Laziness is a sin. everyone knows that2010年下半年河北省学位英语教材第21单元课后阅读理解12010年上半年河北省学位英语教材第21单元课后阅读理解1Laziness is a sin. everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral，that it is wasteful，and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life.懒惰是一种罪过：每个人都知道这个。

我们可能都受过诸如此类的训诫：懒惰是不道德的，是浪费生命，而懒人将一事无成。

But laziness can be more harmful than that，and it is often caused by more complex reasons than the simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of being laughed at or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be deadened by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work：some people are so busy planning，sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements，that they are unable to deal with whatever " lesser " work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work，strictly speaking；they are nearly procrastinating——rescheduling their day.但懒惰的害处却远不止于此；而且人之所以懒，常常不止是简单的怠工，还有更复杂的原因。

1.Greetings 问候2.How are you 你好吗3.How do you do你好！(常用初次见面)4.How are you doing你好吗你过得如何5.How’s everything 一切都好吗6.How’s it going进展的怎么样7.I’ve been looking forward to meeting you.我一直期待着见到你.8.I have heard so much/a lot about you.我听说过很多关于你.9.Glad/Nice to meet/see you!很快乐见到你/很快乐熟悉！10.F ancy meeting you here!真没想到在这儿见到你！11.Long time no see.好久不见.12.You look great today.今天你气色真好.13.Give me a hug.给我一个拥抱.2. Introduction 介绍14.I would like to introduce myself.I'm…我想介绍一下自己.我..15.Mary, let me introduce…玛丽,让我来介绍一下…16.Allow me to introduce...请允许我介绍…17.May I have your name我可以叫你的名字吗18.John, may I introduce Mary to you我可以把玛丽介绍给你吗19.I’d like you to meet Mary.我想让你见见玛丽.20.This is my friend John.这是我的朋友.21.Can I have your business card 能给我你的名片吗22.Here is my business card.这是我的名片.23.Melinda, this is Roger. Roger, this is Melinda.梅林达,这是罗杰.罗杰,这是梅林达.24.Sorry I didn't catch your name.对不起,我没听清你的名字.3.Farewells 辞别25.See you (later).再见26.See you soon.很快见到你.27.See you tomorrow/next year!明天见/明年！28.So long.那么长.29.Hope to see you again.希望再次见到你.30.I am afraid that I must be leaving.恐怕我得离开了.31.I am sorry but I have to go now.我很抱歉,但我现在必须走了.32.I’ve got to go now.我得走了.33.Have a pleasant journey.有一个愉快的旅程.34.Have a good journey, and all the best.有一个好的旅程,和所有的最好的.35.Take care of yourself anddon’t forget to keep in touch.照顾自己,别忘了保持联系.36.I am looking forward to seeing you again.我期待再次见到你.37.Remember the good times we shared!请记住我们共同分享的美好时光！4.Thanks 感谢38.Many thanks.许多感谢.39.I’m much obliged to you.我很感谢你.40.Thanks a lot.非常感谢.41.Thanks ever so much.非常感谢.42.I can never thank you enough.我永远感谢不尽.43.Thank you for all you’ve done for me.谢谢你为我所做的一切.44.Thanks for the trouble you have taken for me.谢谢你给我带来的麻烦.45.I appreciate your help.我感谢你的帮助.46.I’m truly grateful for your help.我真的很感谢你的帮助.47.I couldn’t have done it without you.没有你我不能做的.48.You saved my life.你救了我的命.49.You're one in a million.你是万里挑一.5.Apologies 抱歉50.I’m really sorry.我真的很抱歉.51.I apologize for...我抱歉…52.Please accept my heartfelt apology.请接受我诚挚的歉意.53.I beg your forgiveness.我乞求你的原谅.54.I feel really bad/sorry about.我真的不好/很抱歉…55.I’m really sorry for not keeping my promise.我真的很抱歉没有遵守我的诺言.56.I’m not sure how to put it, but I’m sorry that I have done something wrong to you . 我不知道该怎么说,但我很抱歉,我对你做了一些错事.57.It must have been very embarrassingto...它一定很为难•一58.I’ll never forgive myself.我永远不会原谅自己.59.Will you ever forgive me 你会原谅我吗60.How could I be so thoughtless 我怎么会这么粗心61.It's all my fault.这都是我的错.62.I didn't mean it.我没有别的意思.6.Invitation 邀请63.Would you like tojoin.你想参加…吗64.I was wondering if you’d like to go to the… 我想知道你是否想去…65.I’ll be happy if you can come to the…如果你能来的话,我会很快乐的…66.I’d like to have dinner with you next Tuesday.下个星期二我想和你一起吃晚饭.67.I wonder if you two would like to come to…我不知道你们是否愿意来68.Let’s go and have something.让我们去有什么.69.We should be delighted if you could.如果你能的话,我们会很快乐的…70.Would you be free to a concert on Sunday你星期日能有空去听音乐会吗71.What about going to… 要不我们去…72.Why not join.为什么不参加…73.Why don’t you come on a holiday with us你为什么不跟我们一起去度假呢7. Asking for Permission 请求许可74.Is it all right if I…如果我是我的话,那就行吗75.Do you mind my doing.你介意我做…吗76.Would you mind my doing.你介意我做•一吗77.Can I possibly have the book for a moment 我能借这本书一会儿吗78.Do you have any objection to my doing.你对我的表现有异议吗79.Am I allowed to make a suggestion 我可以提一个建议吗80.Would I be in a position to express my opinion on this 我会有一个位置来表达我的意见吗81.Would it be possible for me to put off the work till a later day 我可以把工作推迟到明天吗82.I wonder whether I could take it away我想知道我是否可以把它带走83.I’d like to make a phone call here, if you permit me.我想在这里打个 ,如果你允许的话.8. Wishes and Congratulations 祝愿和祝贺84.Wish you every success!祝你一切成功！85.Good luck to you.祝你好运.86.Wishing you good luck(forever).祝你好运(永远).87.Wish you peace and happiness(during the holidays).祝你平安快乐(在假期里).88.Let me wish you the best of everything.让我祝愿你一切都好.89.May you succeed at whatever you try.无论你尝试什么都祝你成功.90.May all your wishes come true.愿你所有的愿望都成真.91.I wish you every fortune and every success.恭喜发财,心想事成.92.May you Christmas be filled with joy and warmth!愿你的圣诞充满欢乐和温暖！93.Hope the holidays find you happy and healthy.希望假期找到你的快乐和健康.94.If only I had more time, I could do it.如果我有更多的时间,我可以做它.95.Keep my fingers crossed that I’ll win the first prize.双手合十,希望我能的第一.96.I’m sure you’ll be happy together.我相信你会幸福的.97.You make a great couple.你造就了一对佳偶.98.Congratulation! I knew you’d pass it with flying colors.祝贺,我就知道你会以有意的成绩通过99.I want to congratulate you with all my heart.全心祝贺你！100.I think no one deserves it more than you!我认为没有人比你更值得拥有它！101.Please send him my congratulations.请代我向他说声恭喜102.What marvelous news!多好的消息！9.Offering or Asking for Help 提供或请求帮助103.What can I do for you我能为你做什么104.Is there anything I can do for you 有什么我能为你做的吗105.Let me help you with…让我来帮你…106.Let me give you a hand.让我帮你一把107.Don’t worry. I’ll do it for you.别担忧.我会为你做的.108.Why don't you use my… 你为什么不使用我的…109.I'll give you a lift if you like.如果你喜欢我可以带你一程.110.I'd like to help if I can.如果我能的话,我愿意帮助.111.Would you please...请你112.Could you do me a favor 你能帮我一个忙吗10. Making Appointments 预约113.What time is convenient for you 你什么时候方便114.What’s the best place to meet见面的最正确地点是什么115.What about Saturday evening 星期六晚上怎么样116.Would tomorrow morning suit you 明天早上适合你吗117.May I expect you at five我五点钟等你好吗118.I wa s wondering if you’d like to go to a movie with me.我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去看电影.119.I’m going to see the film with a group of my friends. Would you like to join us我将和一组我的朋友一起去看电影.你想参加我们吗120.I’m afraid I won’t be able to see you today.恐怕我今天不能见你了.121.I’m awfully sorry that I have to postpone my appointment with the dentist on Saturday.我很抱歉,我不得不推迟我与牙医的预约星期六.122.Something urgent happened. I’d like to change our appointment to the day after tomorrow. 发生了一些紧急的事.我想将我们的约会改到后天.123.I really want to, but I have got hundreds of things to do.我真的很想,但我有很多事要做. 124.Count me in if you are to meet on Sunday.如果你在星期日见面,我就把我算上.125.Glad you could make it.真快乐你赶回来11. Making Telephone Calls 打126.May I speakto…我可以和…说话吗127.Speaking.讲话128.Is Roger there 罗杰在吗129.Yes, speaking.说.130.Hi, my hands are tied. I'll get back to you in a minute.你好,我很忙,稍后我会回复你.131.Can I call back Something has come up.我能回吗,发生了什么132.Can I have your name and telephone number我能有你的名字和号吗133.I have to take your number and call you back.我不得不留下你的 ,稍后回复你.134.Can you connect me with…你能帮我联系…135.I’m afraid you’ve got the w rong number.恐怕你的号是错的.136.Can we continue this later My other line is ringing.我们可不可以晚点在继续,我的另一个响了.137.Hang on a second/a moment.稍等一下138.Would you like to hold 请稍候139.Hold the line, please.请不要挂断140.He’s not here right now.他现在不在这里.141.He’s in a meeting now.他现在正在开会.142.He’s out on his lunch break right now. Would you like to leave a message他现在的午餐休息时间了.你想留个口信吗143.He’s not available now. Can I take a message他现在不在.我可以带一个信息吗144.When he comes back, can you have him call me at当他回来的时候,你可以让他给打个吗145.May I leave a message 我可以留个口信吗146.Of course. Hold on for just a second so I can grab a pen and paper.当然,稍等一下,我去拿纸笔.147.Can you put Daisy back on again I forgot to tell her something.黛西回来了吗我忘记告诉她一些事.148.Sure. I’ll go and get her.当然我会去给她.149.Long-distance call from…来自…的长途 .150.Should I tell him you’ll call back, or do you want him to call you我应该告诉他你会打给他,还是想让他打给你151.If you leave your name and number, I’ll have him call you back as soon as he’s available.如果你留下姓名和号,我会让他尽快给你打 .152.Have you got the telephone directory Can you help me get Mr.Li’s telep hone number 你有簿吗你能帮我弄到李先生的号吗153.John is on another line now. Can you hold on约翰在接听别的 ,请稍等.Meals吃饭154.Could you show us the menu你能给我们看看菜单吗155.Would you like to see the menu 你想看菜单吗156.Are you ready to order 你准备好点菜了吗157.What do you recommend 你有什么建议158.Which do you prefer 你更喜欢哪一种159.How would you like that prepared/done 你准备怎么做160.What would you like to drink, tea or coffee 你想喝什么,茶还是咖啡161.I prefer noodles to rice.我更喜欢面条.162.I prefer to drink coffee without sugar.我宁愿喝咖啡而不加糖.163.What is your favorite… 你最喜欢的…是什么164.What about having western food today 今天吃西餐怎么样165.Let’s grab something to eat!让我们吃点东西吃！166.It is very delicious, but I can’t eat any more.它非常美味,但我不能再吃了.167.We will go Dutch.我们将去荷兰168.Tonight’s on me.今晚我请169.I’ll take care of the bill/check.我负责结账.170.Would I have the bill可以给我账单吗171.We'd like the bill, please.请把账单给我172.Bring me the bill/check, please.请把账单给我13. Seeing the Doctor 看医生173.What’s the matter 怎么了174.What’s the trouble with you 你有什么烦恼175.What seems to be the trouble 您遇到什么麻烦了吗176.I don’t feel like eating.我不想吃饭.177.How long have you been like this 你像这样多久了178.I’ve been sick for a day.我病了一天.179.It hurts me when I breathe. 一呼吸就难受180.I feel feverish.我觉得发烧.181.I'd like to run some tests.我应该做些检查/测试.182.I’d like to take a blood sample.我想取血样.183.Have you had this problem before 你以前有过这个问题吗184.How’s your blood pressure 你的血压是多少185.Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises.戒烟并继续锻炼身体.186.I’m going to write a prescription.我要写一个处方.187.What sort of medicine do you take 你吃什么药188.Take the medicine, andyou’ll be better.吃药,你会更好.189.Take these pills every four hours.每四个小时吃这些药.190.He is up and about now.他现在已到了.14. Shopping 购物191.May/Can I help you我能帮你做点什么192.Are you looking for something particular 你在找什么特别的东西吗193.We have a clearance sale today.今天我们有一个减价出售.194.The price will go down.价格将下跌.195.I heard other stores were having great mark-downs on this item.我听说其他商店在这一工程上有很大的降价.196.Please try it on.请尝试一下.197.I’ve seen this cheaper in other places.我在其他地方看到了这种廉价.198.Could you bring the price down 你能把价格降下来吗199.That is a steal.这是盗窃200.I’d buy this if it were cheaper.如果是更廉价的话,我会买这个.201.It’s a little overpriced.有点贵.202.Do you know what size you are你知道自己穿多大号吗203.I'm afraid we're out of that item.恐怕我们已经不在那了.204.I'm afraid we don't have it in stock.恐怕我们没有存货了.205.Where is the men's shop 男人的店在哪里206.Do you have this in stock 你有存货吗207.Do you have this in blue 你有蓝色的吗208.How are you going to pay Cash, check or charge.你准备怎么付款现金,支票或费用. 209.How will you pay for this 你将如何支付210.Cash back 现金211.What a deal!多合算212.Bring your receipt to the customer service, and they will refund you.把你的收据带到客户效劳,他们会给你退款.213.Can you give me the invoice 你能给我发票吗15. Asking the Way 问路214.Excuse me, can you tell me the wayto…打搅一下,你能告诉我去的路吗215.Could you tell me where I can find a hospital你能告诉我在哪里可以找到医院吗216.Sorry to trouble you, but can you direct me out of this building对不起打搅你了,但你能指引我走出这座大楼吗217.Which direction is it to...的方向是什么218.Excuse me, is this the right way to…打搅一下,这是的正确方法吗219.Tell me, please, where is on this street 告诉我,请在这条街上的27 号在哪220.Excuse me, how can I get to…对不起,我怎么去…221.Excuse me, does this bus go to…打搅一下,这辆公共汽车去222.How long does it take to walk there步行到那里需要多长时间223.How can I find…我怎么找到…16. Talking About Weather 谈论天气224.Have you heard the weather forecast 你听到天气预报了吗225.What does the weather forecast say 天气预报说什么226.We'll have fine weather for the next few days.我们将在未来几天有好天气.227.What will it be after the clear weather 晴天以后天气会怎样228.It says a storm may come soon.它说暴风雨可能会很快到来.229.How long will this hot weather last这种炎热的天气会持续多久230.I hope it stays nice for the whole month.我希望整个月都很好.231.It’s wonderful after the rain.美妙的雨后.232.Autumn is the best season here.秋天是最好的季节.233.It’s hot like oven now in this part of the country.这是这个国家的局部地区现在热如火炉了.234.The weather is terribly changeable at this time of the year.在这一年的这个时候,天气是非常多变的.235.We don’t know what’s going to be tomorrow until we listen to the latest weather report.我们不知道明天会是什么,直到我们听最新的天气预报.236.It has turned out to be a nice day.这又是一个美好的一天.237.It seems to be clearing up.似乎要放晴了.17.Advice and Suggestions 建议238.If I were you, I'd phone him now.如果我是你,我会打给他.239.What do you think I should do 你认为我该做什么240.I advise you to see a doctor.我建议你去看医生.241.I would try again if I were you.如果我是你,我会再试一次.242.You'd better go through your test paper again.你最好把考卷再看一遍.243.Should we go now我们现在走吗244.What do you think I should do 你认为我该做什么245.Why don't you go to bed earlier 你为什么不早点睡觉246.Don't you think it might be a good idea to have a picnic this weekend你不认为这个周末去野餐是个好主意吗247.How about going to a concert 去听音乐会怎么样248.I don't think it is very practical.我不认为这是非常实用的.249.I recommend you to give up smoking.我建议你戒烟.250.May I suggest leaving a message with his secretary 我建议你给他秘书留个口信好吗251.Isn't there anything else I could do 还有什么我可以做的吗18. Showing Attitude 显示态度252.It’s cool!/Cool.很酷！/冷.253.It is neat!挺巧妙的254.It is righteous!这是公正的！255.That’s great!太棒了！256.That’s incredible!简直难以置信！257.The house is gorgeous!这房子很漂亮！258.You are brilliant/great/terrific/…！你是灿烂的/伟大的/了不起的/…！259.It is a terrific game.这是一场精彩的比赛.260.I am sick and tired of doing homework.我厌倦了做家庭作业.261.The movie was a turn-off.这部电影让我倒尽胃口！262.You scared me!你吓到我了！263.That’s so stupid!太愚蠢了！264.It’s a piece of cake.这是一件容易的事.265.No ifs, or buts.没有如果,或者但是.19. Expressing Anger 表达愤怒266.What do you think you are doing你们以为你们在干什么267.I simply can’t bear to see her behavior.我简直不能忍受她的行为.268.I’m very annoyed at...我很恼火…269.I’m fed up with…我受够了…270.That’s what gets me down.太让我失望了271.I will not put up with…我再也受不了…272.It makes me sick the way he laughs/speaks.他说话/笑的…让我恶心.273.You're getting on my nerves.你真让我心烦.274.I've had enough of you.我已经受够你了.275.Who do you think you are 你认为你是谁276.It makes me sick!它让我恶心！277.I’ve had enough of your…我受够你…20.Expressing Disappointment 表达失望278.I’d expect it to be more exciting.我希望它更令人兴奋.279.It wasn't as good as I'd expected.这不是我所期望的那样好.280.Her performance could have been better.她可以有更好的表现.281.I don’t think much of the painting/story…我不认为大局部的原因是…282.I was really looking forward to having a good time there.我真的很期待在那里过的很愉快. 283.That’s a real let down.这真叫人失望.284.I must say I had hoped for twelve percent discount at least.我必须说这在我希望的根底上打了折扣.285.I must admit I had expected you to tell me the truth.我必须成认我曾期待你告诉我真相. 286.I wish I'd realized it.我希望我会实现它.287.The story wasn’t up to much.这个故事并不怎么样.288.I've never felt so let down before.我从未感到如此失望过.Complaint表达抱怨289.I want to make a complaint about…我要投诉…290.What’s the point of talking about it 谈论它的意义是什么291.I’ve just had enough of that!我已经受够了！292.She is all talking.她一直再说.293.Couldn’t you speak a bit slowly/turn down the radio a little bit你能不能说得慢一点/把收音机关小声点吗294.I wish you would come here earlier next time.我希望你能早点来这儿.295.You should have seen the mess.你应该看到一团糟.22. Expressing Sympathy 表达同情296.I’m sorry to hear about it.我很抱歉听到这个.297.You must be feeling bad/terrible/awfulabout.你一定感觉不好/糟糕透了…298.Don’t take it too much to heart.别往心里去.299.Don’t let it get you down.不要让你失望.300.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.那是无益的.301.It could have happened to anybody.这种事情谁都会遇到.302.You can’t win them all the time.你不可能赢下所有的时间.303.You must be annoyedabout...你一定很生气•一304.I am deeply sorry to learn/hear about.我很抱歉听到有关的消息…305.I do hope it’s nothing serious.我真的希望它没有什么严重的.306.What bad luck!运气真差！307.Is there any way I can help有什么我可以帮助的吗23.Expressing Encouragement 表达鼓励e on, be a man!来吧,做个男人！309.That’s better than I can do.这比我能做的好.310.I believe you can improve it.我相信你可以提升它.311.I think you should go ahead.我想你应该走了.312.If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, and try again.如果一开始你没有成功,尝试,尝试,再尝试.313.You have my whole-hearted support.我全心全意支持你314.There is no reason to feel discouraged.没有必要感到灰心315.The longest road must have an end.最长的道路必须有一个终点.316.Keep it up! 一直坚持！317.I'll be always there for you!我将永远在你身边！24.Making a Request 提出要求318.I was wondering whether you could…我想知道你是否能,一319.May I trouble you to(do).我可以麻烦你(做)…320.May I have the pleasure of…我能有的乐趣吗321.Do you mind if I.你介意我…吗322.I'd appreciate it if you could help me with.如果你能帮助我的话,我会很感谢的…323.Do you think it would be possible to(do)…你认为这是有可能的(做)…324.Would you be so kind as to…请您高抬贵手,让我们325.It would help me a great deal if you...他可以帮助很多,如果你…326.I'd be feeling grateful to you ifyou.如果你…我会感到感谢25.Expressing Surprise 表达惊奇327.My goodness!我的天！328.That's incredible!这是令人难以置信的！329.What a surprise!真是意外330.I can't believe my eyes.我不敢相信我的眼睛.331.Wow! What a beautiful lake!哇！多么美丽的湖！332.Good heavens!天哪！333.How astonishing/amazing!多么惊人的！334.Who knows God knows!谁知道天晓得！335.It's too good to be true!真的太好了！336.Who could have thought/expected it!谁能想到！Certainty or Uncertainty表达确定性或不确定性337.Are you sure about.你确定关于…338.Is there any doubt about.对.… 有什么疑心吗339.I am sure about.我确定关于…340.I am absolutely positive about...我绝对肯定•一341.I have no doubt about.我对此毫不疑心342.I’m quite convinced of…我完全相信,一343.There is little doubt in my mind about.在我的脑海里有一点疑问…344.There is no question about.毫无疑问的…345.I’m a hundred percent certain about.我百分之一百确定…346.I really can’t tell about.我真的说不出…347.I have no idea about.我不知道•一348.There is surely some doubt about.肯定有一些疑问•一349.It’s not likely that.这是不可能的•一350.It’s hard to say.很难说.351.It’s obvious that.很明显…352.I’m certain/sure that.我肯定/肯定•一353.I couldn’t say for certain, but I suspect that.我不能肯定地说,但我疑心…27.Agreeing and Disagreeing 同意和不同意354.Sure./Absolutely.当然,/绝对.355.You got it.我就是这个意思.356.By all means.尽一切方法.357.That’s true/right.这是正确的.358.That’s for sure.毫无疑问的.359.I couldn’t agree with you more.我非常同意你的看法.360.I don’t think so.我不这么认为.361.That’s not right.那不是正确的.362.I couldn’t disagree with you more.我非常不同意你的看法.363.That’s out of the question.这是不可能的.364.You’ve got it all wrong.你完全搞错了.365.I don’t think you’ve got your facts straight.我不认为你澄清事实.366.Next time get the facts first.下次先把事实搞清楚.367.Don’t jump to conclusions.不要急于下结论.。

研究生学位英语翻译和作文Postgraduate Degree Translation and Composition without TitlesTranslation:A postgraduate degree refers to the academic qualification obtained by students who have completed their undergraduate studies and continue to pursue advanced education in their respective fields. It represents a higher level of specialized knowledge and expertise in a specific subject area.Postgraduate degrees can be categorized into various types, such as Master's degrees and Doctoral degrees. A Master's degree typically involves a combination of coursework and a research project, while a Doctoral degree primarily focuses on original research leading to the completion of a thesis or dissertation.In the process of pursuing a postgraduate degree, students are expected to undertake in-depth research, critically analyze existing literature, and contribute to the academic community by generating new knowledge. This requires a high level of intellectual rigor and independent thinking.Furthermore, postgraduate education plays a crucial role in fostering innovation and advancing scientific knowledge. It provides a platform for aspiring researchers and scholars to delve deeper into their chosen field of study, pushing the boundaries of existing knowledge and exploring new frontiers.In addition to the academic benefits, a postgraduate degree alsoenhances career prospects. Employers highly value the advanced skill set and specialized knowledge acquired through postgraduate education. It demonstrates a commitment to intellectual growth and the ability to undertake complex tasks and challenges. Additionally, postgraduate study often provides opportunities for networking and collaboration with professionals and experts in the field.In conclusion, a postgraduate degree is a significant milestone in one's academic and professional journey. It represents a culmination of years of dedication, hard work, and intellectual growth. With its academic and career-oriented advantages, it is a gateway to greater opportunities and success.Composition:The Importance of Optical Fiber CommunicationIn today's interconnected world, where information technology drives various aspects of our daily lives, the importance of optical fiber communication cannot be overstated. Optical fiber, which is essentially a thin, transparent strand of glass or plastic, has revolutionized the telecommunications industry by providing a high-speed, reliable, and efficient means of transmitting data over long distances.One of the key advantages of optical fiber communication is its ability to carry large volumes of data at extremely high speeds. Unlike traditional copper wires, which have limitations in terms of bandwidth and distance, optical fibers can transmit vast amounts ofinformation with minimal signal loss. This enables the rapid transfer of data, facilitating smooth communication for various applications, such as internet browsing, video streaming, and online gaming.Furthermore, optical fiber communication offers enhanced security due to its inherent nature. Unlike wireless communication or copper-based systems, optical fibers do not emit electrical signals that can be intercepted or compromised by unauthorized individuals. This makes optical fiber communication an ideal choice for transmitting sensitive and confidential information, such as financial transactions or classified government data.Another significant aspect of optical fiber communication is its reliability and durability. Optical fibers are highly resistant to external factors such as electromagnetic interference, corrosion, and physical damage. This ensures uninterrupted and high-quality communication, even in challenging environments or harsh weather conditions. Additionally, given their robustness, optical fibers require minimal maintenance, resulting in cost savings for service providers and end-users.Moreover, optical fiber communication plays a vital role in facilitating global connectivity. Through undersea fiber optic cables, countries across the world are interconnected, enabling seamless international communication and data sharing. This has contributed to the growth of the global economy, fostering collaboration and innovation on a global scale.In conclusion, optical fiber communication has transformed theway we communicate and access information. Its capacity for high-speed data transmission, enhanced security, reliability, and global reach has made it an indispensable technology in a digital age. As the demand for faster and more reliable communication continues to grow, the importance of optical fiber communication will only increase in the years to come.。

Who knows1、There have been no shortage of/缺少/ insane/疯狂/, over ambitious/过于野心勃勃的/ ideas on the Internet. Most of them never make it further/更远的/ than the pub/酒吧/ they are conceived/想出/ in. Some generate hype/产生炒作，红火一时/ but quickly fall flat/完全失败/ on their face/栽了跟头/'. Others survive, but prove/证明/ to be minnows/小鱼/ rather than the giants/巨人/ they set out to be/动身去/. However, every so often, one sneaks/溜/ through/然而，偶有不动声色者却能顺利过关/.2、Wikipedia is one of the rare/罕见/ ones that made it. Even by the admission of its founder, the 38-year-old technology entrepreneur/科技企业家/ Jimmy Wales, it was a "completely insane idea/疯狂透顶的想法/”: a free online encyclopedia/百科全书/ that anyone can contribute/贡献/ to and anyone can edit/任何人都可以添加内容并进行编辑/. There is no editor, no army of proofreaders/校对/ and fact checkers/也没有专人检查内容是否属实/; in fact, no full-time staff at all/没有专职人员/. It is, in other words, about as far from/远远地/ the traditional/传统的/ idea of an encyclopedia/百科全书/ as you can get.3、There are dozens/几十，许多，一打/ of reasons why it shouldn't work/玩不转/, and it is sill far form/差得远/ perfect, but in less than/少于，不到/ four years, it has grown to have more than 1 million/100万/ entries/条目/ in 100 languages from Albanian to Zulu/阿尔巴尼亚祖鲁/.4、To its fans/粉丝/, it is a fantastic/极好的/ research resource-albeit/尽管/ one that you should use with caution/谨慎，注意安全/; and an incredible/简直不可思议/ example of what can be achieved/实现/ by collaboration and cooperation/协作与合作/ over the Internet. To its detractors-mostly/大多批评者/ those from the traditional world of encyclopedias and librarianship/图书管理学界/, it is barely worthy of the label/称谓/ "encyclopedia".*5、To put Wikipedia's achievements/成果/ in numerical context/数值语境/, at the same time it was celebrating the publishing/出版/ of its one millionth entry/第100万个词条发布之际/ in less than four years, the Oxford/牛津/ Dictionary of National Biography/传记，档案/launched its latest edition/推出其最新版本/. It had taken 12 years to complete, yet contained a comparatively/比较的，相当的/ tiddly/微不足道的/ 55,000 biographies/传记/. It also cost some 25m/2500万英镑/ to create. Wikipedia has so far been bankrolled/资助/ by Wales, but the total cost so far is still around f300, 000/30万英镑/.6、The current/最近的，最新的/ Encyclopedia Britannica/大英百科全书/ has 44m words/4400万字/ of text. Wikipedia already has more than 250m/2.5亿/ words in it. Britannica's most recent edition/最新版本/ has 65,000 entries in print and 75,000 entries online. Wikipedia's English site/英文网站/ has some 360,000 entries and is growing every day.7、But numbers mean nothing if the quality is no good. And this is where the arguments start./争论的起因/8、"Theoretically/理论上说/, it's a lovely idea/不错的想法/," says librarian/图书管理员/ and Internet consultant/互联网顾问/ Philip Bradley, "but practically/实际上/, I wouldn’t use it; and I’m not aware of a single librarian who would/我觉得任何图书管理员都不会使用这个网站/. The main problem is the lack of authority/权威性/. With printed publications/对于印刷出版物来说/, the publishers have to ensure that their data is reliable/可靠地/, as their livelihood/生计，饭碗/ depends on it. But with something like this, all that goes out the window./过一阵就完了/"9、Wales responds/回应/ by acknowledging/承认/ that Wikipedia's model leaves it anything but error free/维基百科模式所带来的结果决不会没有错误/ (something they make clear on the site) but he also points to an article in a German technology magazine this month, which compares Wikipedia with two established/已建立的/, traditional digital/数字/ encyclopedias: Brockhaus and Microsoft's/微软的/ Encarta. All three were tested on breadth, depth, and comprehensibility/广度，深度，和可理解性/ of content/内容/, ease of searching, and quality of multimedia content./多媒体内容/ Wikipedia won hands down/轻松胜出/.10、Dan Gillmor, the Silicon Valley commentator/硅谷评论员/ and author of We the Media/我们媒体/, is one of many independent fans/自由迷/:”I don’t think anyone is saying Wikipedia is an absolute replacement/绝对替代品/ for a traditional encyclopedia. But in the topics I know something about/但是就我所了解的题目而言/, I’ve found Wikipedia to be as accurate/准确的/ as any other source I’ve found”11、The truth is that Wikipedia is continuously evolving/不断的发展/. There are now around 3,000 new entries being added each day (about 700-800 of which are in English); and as the site has got bigger/规模扩大/, so has the amount of editing that takes place/发生/ on it. In September this year, there was an average/平均/ of 11 edits per article. The entry on the Israel-Palestinian conflict/巴以冲突/ has been edited more than 250 times this year alone.12、The truth is that Wikipedia reveals/揭示了/ what is normally hidden/鲜为人知，通常隐藏/ in an encyclopedia: the countless/无数的/ decisions that lie/位于/ behind each entry. The only difference is that in Wikipedia, the decision-making never stops and the debates/辩论/ are often robust/精力充沛的，激烈的/ to say the least.13、Wales says an entry in his encyclopedia is "like a sausage/香肠/: you might like the taste of it, but you don't necessarily want to see how it's made".14、It might seem like anarchy/无政府状态/. And, given/鉴于/ the lack of central control/中央控制/, it technically is/严格说来，它确实处于无政府状态/. However, there are three elements/因素/ that make it work.15、The first is its ownership/所有权/, and lack of commercial imperative/没有商业需求的压力/. The site is manned/操控/" by volunteers, and now owned by a foundation/基金会/, which means people willingly give their time and intellectual property/知识财产/ to the venture/事业/. It manages to run on less than $100,000/10万美元/ a year.17、The third-and perhaps most critical/最重要的/-has been the evolution /形成/of an incredibly intricate/令人难以置信的错综复杂/ and democratic/民主/ social order/社会秩序/ to keep this vast sprawling/庞大而复杂/ project in order.18、There are hundreds of thousands of "Wikipedians" who have contributed/贡献/ or edited articles. But the core/核心/ community, according to Wales, is about 200 people who, by now, know each other quite well. Outside this inner-inner circle/内圈/ is a core of about 2,000 people who make more than 100 edits each in the last month. Beyond this/在这个核心之外/, you have around 10,000 people who will have made more than five edits. There are administrators/管理员/, bureaucrats/政府官员/, stewards/行政人员/ and developers/开发人员/ all with different levels of technical and administrative authority./管理权限/19、This entire order/整个体系/ is all there for everyone to see online. Policies and strategies/编辑方针及策略/ are posted online, discussed and voted on/投票和讨论/. While the content/内容/ develops automatically/自动/ and anarchically/无序/, nothing happens to the social structure/社会结构，构成/ of Wikipedia without the consent/准许，应允/ of the core community.20、Wales and his community of volunteers are not resting/静止不动的/ on their laurels/桂冠/. He is in negotiations/协商/ to print part of the content, and distribute it in Africa as part of their ambition/抱负，夙愿，追求的目标/ to "put a free encyclopedia in the hands of every person on the planet/每个地球人/". Insane and overambitious? Definitely./疯狂透顶吗？野心勃勃吗？绝对是/ But after everything they have achieved in the last three-and-a-half years, you would be equally insane/同样疯狂/ to bet/打赌/ against/反对/ them.雄心勃勃的维基百科1. 互联网上从来就不乏疯狂透顶、野心勃勃的主意。