高中英语 unit5《nelsonmandelaamodernhero》完成句子精品测试训练 新人教版必修1

Unit 5Nelson Mandela—a modern heroWritingⅠ.基础写作专练：根据句意完成句子1. But whatever the result is, I will face it ________(calm).但不管结果怎样，我会冷静地面对它。

2. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in ________ hesitation.一个人立刻冲向那个女孩对她实施急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入其中。

3. He is proud ________________ the National College Entrance Examination.(不定式短语)他通过了高考，很自豪。

4．He is in the room ________(make) a model plane.(分词短语)他在房间里制作飞机模型。

5. We should serve the people ________________．(名词)我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。

6．________ you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)一旦你开始，你就必须继续下去。

7．Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and ________ (soft)．慢慢屈膝，像树枝一样自然、轻柔地伸出你的手臂。

8．________ you don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep breath.如果你不介意，我会停下来，喘口气。

9. My uncle ________(immediate) jumped up.我的叔叔立刻跳了起来。

10．She was ________(surprise) helpful.她非常乐于助人。

高中英语真题:Unit5NelsonMandela–amodernheroUnit 5, from the perspective of a young black man named Elias, tells astory about Nelson Mandela from whom we could learn what he had done for the black’s rights and further sorts out some qualities a great person is supposed to have. From Mandela’s experience, this unit tries to guide students to learn or cultivate themselves t hose great personalities like Mandela and other great men, tries to givehands to those classmates and friends who are in troubles arou nd them and to be a warm-hearted man in this world. Totally, along with period 1 Warming up and speaking, this unit mainly concerns five parts according to the theme, contents, teaching objectives and the whole teach ing procedures. The specific divisions are as followings:Warming up and speakingListening and writing （略）Period 1 Warming-up and Speaking1. Teaching objectives:1) Target languageAsking for opinions:What do you think of …?What’s your opinion?What are your ideas?Do you have any thoughts on that?Why do you feel about that?Why do you think so?Giving opinions:I think / I don’t think…I believe/ I don’t believe that…In my opinion …To my understanding,I’m with you,I feel that…/ I do n’t feel that …2) Ability goalsa. Describe the great persons in Englishb. Figure out the qualities or personalities a hero has to posses s.3) Learning ability goalsa. To encourage students to think and talk about friends and fri endship by using the phrases and structures above.b. To learn to how to be a hero or a great man.c. To educate students the sense of helping others.2. Teaching important points:a. Use the given adjectives and sentence structures to describe one of great man students know in their lives, from TV or novels.b. Learn to evaluate the great men and their deeds.3. Teaching difficult points:a. Work together with partners and describe one of great menb. Discuss with partners and find out ways to become a hero.4. Teaching methodsa. Task-based teaching and learningb. Cooperative learningc. Discussion5. Teaching aids:CAI6. Teaching procedures and ways:Step 1 Lead-in and Warming-upBefore the lesson, the teacher can arouse the students’ interest s by telling stories about Premier Zhou EnLai. Firstly, as far as I’m concerned, we should absorb studen ts’ attentions from the r est time. At the beginning of class, I want to talk something inter esting to them, which may attracts their minds, such as discussing the man you like best, which has some bearing with th e topic of this unit, great men.Some question will be asked as followings:1. Who is your favorite person？And is she or he a great man?2. Did he do anything for others?3. What are/were his or her best qualities?Step 2 Think it overGive a brief description of one of your favorite persons. The foll owing phrases and structures may be helpful:His or her name is …He or she is born in …He /She is …… years old.He /She likes …… and dislikes ……He /She enjoys …… and hates……He /She is very kind/friendly/……What does he or she always do?What types of qualities the great man you like best has? Choos e some of following words to describe him or her? Or try to use your own words.Hard-working，friendly，determined，easy-going， honesty， calm, lovely, reliable, active, generous, devo ted, brave, smart, beautiful, wisdom, educated, heart-warmed, fair, justice, …Step 3 Make a survey1 What kind of ideal person would you like to be?2 What kind of person you are? What kind of qualities you are l acking to be an ideal one?In this step, teachers should demand students to write their a nswers on the paper. Students are required to try their best to d o it. As for some difficult words, they are allowed to check dictio nary or to ask teacher. It is an open discussed, all answers relat ing to the topic are permitted. It is certain that teachers have to check most of pairs and give them some guidance. In the end, t eachers should pick some to present their thoughts.Step 4 Talking and sharing (work in pairs)1 What is the definition of great man? Try to summary it?In this part, teachers show some definitions ofgreat man. Then, try to help students to conclude some of their own.2 Are the following men great? Why? Give out your reasons.Names ReasonsNorman Bethune As a doctor, he saved countless Chinese soldiers.Sun Yat-sen Because of his Three Principle: nationalism, people’s rights and people’s livelihood.Neil Armstrong The first man to land on the moodMohandas Gand hi He fought for his country to be free from the in a peaceful way.Step 5 Group work (output)The teacher can give each group one of these questions below to talk about. Then let the class share their ideas. It’s better to s timulate the students to express their own opinions about these questions.1. What factors may cause thebreakdown of a good friendship?2. What can be your unusual friend besides human beings? And why?Step 6 Homework1. Writ a short passage about your favorite great man.2. Prepare for the new lesson, including the exercise on the page 103 of Gaozhong Tongbu Daodu.Unit5NelsonMandela–amodernheroUnit 5, from the perspective of a young black man named Elias, tells astory about Nelson Mandela from whom we could learn what he had done for the black’s rights and further sorts out some qualities a great person is supposed to hav e. From Mandela’s experience, this unit tries to guide students to learn or cultivate themselves t hose great personalities like Mandela and other great men, tries to givehands to those classmates and friends who are in troubles around them and to be a warm-hearted man in this world. Totally, along with period 1 Warming up and speaking, this unit mainl y concerns five parts according to the theme, contents, teaching objectives and the whole teach ing procedures. The specific divisions are as followings:Warming up and speakingListening and writing （略）Period 1 Warming-up and Speaking1. Teaching objectives:1) Target languageAsking for opinions:What do you think of …?What’s your opinion?What are your ideas?Do you have any thoughts on that?Why do you feel about that?Why do you think so?Giving opinions:I think / I don’t think…I believe/ I don’t believe that…In my opinion …To my understanding,I’m with you,I feel that…/ I do n’t feel that …2) Ability goalsa. Describe the great persons in Englishb. Figure out the qualities or personalities a hero has to possess.3) Learning ability goalsa. To encourage students to think and talk about friends and friendship by using the phrases and structures above.b. To learn to how to be a hero or a great man.c. To educate students the sense of helping others.2. Teaching important points:a. Use the given adjectives and sentence structures to describe one of great man students know in their lives, from TV or novels.b. Learn to evaluate the great men and their deeds.3. Teaching difficult points:a. Work together with partners and describe one of great menb. Discuss with partners and find out ways to become a hero.4. Teaching methodsa. Task-based teaching and learningb. Cooperative learningc. Discussion5. Teaching aids:CAI6. Teaching procedures and ways:Step 1 Lead-in and Warming-upBefore the lesson, the teacher can arouse the students’ interests by telling stories about Premie r Zhou EnLai. Firstly, as far as I’m concerned, we should absorb students’ attentions from the r est time. At the beginning of class, I want to talk something interesting to them, which may attra cts their minds, such as discussing the man you like best, which has some bearing with the topic of this unit, great men. Some question will be asked as followings:1. Who is your favorite person？And is she or he a great man?2. Did he do anything for others?3. What are/were his or her best qualities?Step 2 Think it overGive a brief description of one of your favorite persons. The following phrases and structures m ay be helpful:His or her name is …He or she is born in …He /She is …… years old.He /She likes …… and dislikes ……He /She enjoys …… and hates……He /She is very kind/friendly/……What does he or she always do?What types of qualities the great man you like best has? Choose some of following words to de scribe him or her? Or try to use your own words.Hard-working，friendly，determined，easy-going， honesty， calm, lovely, reliable, active, generous, devoted, brave, smart, beautiful, wis dom, educated, heart-warmed, fair, justice, …Step 3 Make a survey1 What kind of ideal person would you like to be?2 What kind of person you are? What kind of qualities you are lacking to be an ideal one?In this step, teachers should demand students to write their answers on the paper. Students are required to try their best to do it. As for some difficult words, they are allowed to check dictio nary or to ask teacher. It is an open discussed, all answers relating to the topic are permitted. It is certain that teachers have to check most of pairs and give them some guidance. In the end, t eachers should pick some to present their thoughts.Step 4 Talking and sharing (work in pairs)1 What is the definition of great man? Try to summary it?In this part, teachers show some definitions ofgreat man. Then, try to help students to conclude some of their own.2 Are the following men great? Why? Give out your reasons.Names ReasonsNorman Bethune As a doctor, he saved countless Chinese soldiers.Sun Yat-sen Because of his Three Principle: nationalism, people’s rights and people’s livelihood.Neil Armstrong The first man to land on the moodMohandas Gandhi He fought for his country to be free from the in a peaceful way.Step 5 Group work (output)The teacher can give each group one of these questions below to talk about. Then let the class share their ideas. It’s better to stimulate the students to express their own opinions about these questions.1. What factors may cause the breakdown of a good friendship?2. What can be your unusual friend besides human beings? And why?Step 6 Homework1. Writ a short passage about your favorite great man.2. Prepare for the new lesson, including the exercise on the page 103 of Gaozhong Tongbu Da odu.。

Section ⅢGrammar课后篇巩固提升一、找出含有“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句部分1.Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert,at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?答案:at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music2.They may start as a group of high-school students,for whom practising their musicin someone’s house is the first step to fame.答案:for whom practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fameter they may give performances in pubs or clubs,for which they are paid in cash.答案:for which they are paid in cash4.The house in front of which there is a big tree was built more than 1,000 years ago.答案:in front of which there is a big tree5.Air,without which man can’t live,is really important.答案:without which man can’t live二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.①I will never forget the days I spent on the farm.②I will never forget the days I worked on the farm.答案:①that/which ②when2.①This is the house Lu Xun once lived.②This is the house in Lu Xun once lived.答案:①where ②which3.①The reason he gave us was hard to accept.②The reason he was late for school is that he missed the first bus.答案:①that/which ②why三、单句填空1.She said that we had (lose) heart in time of the natural disaster.答案:lost2.Mr.Black would never forget the day he joined the army.答案:when/on which3.That is the old house I lived ten years ago.答案:where/in which4.We all remember the days we studied together at school.答案:when/in which5.Do you know the girl with he often talks?答案:whom6.I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.答案:where/in which7.There was a time I hated to go to school.答案:when/during which8.Australia is one of the few countries people drive on the left.答案:where/in which9.The film brought the days back to me I was taken good care of in that village.答案:when/in which10.Nowadays children ask some questions th eir parents can’t reply any longer.答案:to which四、用“介词+which/whom”完成句子1.我喜欢这幅画,一只鹰在里面飞翔。

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero Section Ⅲ Learning aboutLanguage & Using Language即时训练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．At that time his wife and children had to beg for food from relatives or friends. 2．When Hitler came to power，Einstein had to leave his motherland.3．A tiger escaped from its cage in the zoo last week.4．The beatings and the cruelty of the guards had a deep effect on Elias. 5．The girl cried in terror when she saw a snake.6．Barack Obama was elected President of the USA in 2008.7．He was involved in a bank robbery and was sentenced to three years in prison. 8．In my opinion(见解)，watching TV is a waste of time.9．A $100 reward(奖赏)has been offered for the return of the necklace.10．She is a highly educated (受过教育的)woman，so she is well received by the students.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．My mother is a selfless(self) woman，who often helps those faced with difficulties. 2．It is hoped that the problem will be solved in a peaceful(peace) way. 3．Mandela was once a lawyer(law)，whom the poor often asked for advice. 4．Under his father's guidance(guide)，Peter had made great progress in his study. 5．According to the law，women shall enjoy the equality(equal) in rights to vote in our country.6．He became a legal(illegal) consultant.7．But the leader were truely devoted(devote) to peace.8．He founded(found) the company two years ago.9．But，on present trends，things do，indeed，look hopeful (hope)．10．It's so unfair(fair)—she gets more money for less work!Ⅲ.阅读理解The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert(警觉)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer？The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness？When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three？No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.[语篇解读] 本文为说明文，题材为科普知识类。

2013年高一英语精品测试训练：Unit 5 《Nelson Mandela--a modern hero》阅读表达（人教版必修1）阅读下面短文并回答问题（请注意题后的词数要求）。

Passage 1[1]To forgive may be great,but no one ever said it was easy.When someone has deeply hurt you,it can be very difficult to let go of your complaint（抱怨）.But forgiveness （宽恕）is possible—and it can be surprising ly helpful to your physical and mental health.[2]So how do you start forgiveness? Try following these steps:[3]Calm yourself.To calm your anger,try a simple stress-management skill.“Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure:a beautiful scene in nature,someone you love,” Luskin says.[4]Don’t wait for an apology.“Many times the person who hurt you has no intention （意图）of apologizing,”Luskin says.“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way.So if you wait for people to apologize,you could be waiting an awfully long time.”[5]Take the control away from your offender（对手）.Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who cause you pain.“Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings,learn to look for the love,beauty and kindness around you,” Luskin says.[6]Try to see things from t he other person’s view.If you understand that person,you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance,fear even love.To gain view,you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view. [7] Don’t forget to forgive yourself.“For some people,forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,”Luskin says.“But it can reduce your self-confidence if .”1.What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)plete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 8 words)If you always keep your hurt in mind,you will.3.Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(no more than 10 words）4.Which advice is the most difficult for you to follow?Why? (no more than 30 words）5.What does the underlined part“that person” (Paragraph 6）probably refer to?（no more than 6 words)答案：1.The Art of Forgiveness2.encourage the person who hurt you3.you don’t do it/you don’t forgive yourself4.Answers may vary.5.the person who once hurt youPassage 2 （2013·山东高考）[1]ean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis,Minnesota.He became a millionaire when he was only 24.His father was wealthy,but he did not help his son.Getty made his millions alone.He made his money from oil.He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies.The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”[2]But money .He married five times and divorced five times.He had five children but spent little time with them.None of Getty’s children had very happy lives.[3]Getty loved to make money and lov ed to save it.In spite of his great wealth,Getty was a miser.Every evening,he wrote down every cent he spent that day.He even put pay telephones in the guests’ bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.[4]In 1973,kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson,and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return.Getty’s son asked his father for money to save hi s child.But Getty refused.The kidnappers were merciless and Getty’s son made repeated requests for help from his father.Finally,Getty agreed to lend the money,but at 4 percent interest.[5]Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu,California.He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum.When Getty died in 1976,the value of the collection in the museum was ＄1 billion.He left all his money to the museum.After his death,the museum g rew in size.Today it is one of the mo st important museums in the United States.Getty made a large fortune in his life,but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love a rt.76.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?(no more than 8 words)77.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 7 words)78.Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.79.Wh at did the kidnappers do to Getty’s family?(no more than 10 words)80.What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words)答案：76.Getty was a self-made millionaire./Getty became rich through his own efforts.77.did not buy happiness for Getty78.Although he was very rich,Getty hated to spend money.79.They took Getty’s grandson and asked for money.80.Getty made a great contribution to the art world./Getty had another side. Passage 3 （2013·江西高考）[1]Fishing is probably the world’s most popular sport.People spend many dollarseach year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles.In addition，they spend money on fishing equipment，bait,fuel and boat repairs.And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime.Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it.Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.[2]Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby.Firstly,of the millions of people who fish for fun，most only catch enough fish to feed their families.They catch fish that are found in large numbers，so there is little danger to the species （种类）.[3]Secondly，recreational fishermen contribute to the economy.They spend money on equipment and other items，and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel.Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation（食宿）and airfares.This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year. [4]Thirdly,fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress.Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol,it is far better to go fishing.People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near—except for the smell of the bait！[5]Those who say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers，lakes,streams and oceans.This could lead to the dying out of some species.Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world,so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females,leaving few fish to produce young.[6]Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport，which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun.Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating，so they are thrown away.Once hooked,fish have no chance of escape.76.What is the main idea of the passage?（no more than 4 words）77.According to Paragraph 2，why does fishing cause little danger to the species？（no more than 8 words）78.List 4 items on which people spend their money for fishing.（no more than 7 words）79.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words.（no more than 4 words）Those who say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers，lakes,streams and oceans.80.What does the word “which”（Line 1，Paragraph 6） probably refer to？（no morethan 3 words）答案：76.Different views on fishing.77.Fishing lovers catch fish found in large numbers.78.boats,vehicles,fishing equipment,bait,fuel，boat repairs,accommodation and airfares(列出其中四项即可)79.disagree with fishing (are against fishing)80.A blood sport.Passage 4 （2013·天津高考）My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class. I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine.A piece ofnews caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover （火星探测器）.Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my11-year-old mind:Curiosity.I couldn’t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached.“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”Five months later,my mom received a phone call,and immediately,a wide smile spreadacross her face.On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m.,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated bythe stars,the planets,the sky and the universe.I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in th e backyard for hours.She’d tell me storiesand point out the stars.Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my homein Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They we re always there,yet there was so much I didn’t know about them. That’s what I love somuch about space.People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple:because we’re curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.56.How did Clara get the news about the essay contest?（no more than 10 words）57.Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?(no more than 10 words)58.What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?(no more than 15 words)59.What does the underlined phrase “hole up” mean?(1 word)60.In your opinion,why is curiosity important?(no more than 20 words)答案：56.By reading a TIME for Kids magazine./From a TIME for Kids magazine.57.She won the essay contest held by NASA./She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”./“Curiosity” was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.58.She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about the stars./Her grandma told her stories about the stars./They sat together talking about the stars.59.Stay/Remain/Live/Hide.60.Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or invention./With curiosity,we keep asking questions and exploring the unknown world./Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyondour knowledge.Passage 5 （2013·四川高考）A nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wards—and she hasno plans to retire.Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953—when the National Health Service （NHS） was just five years old—and is believed to be the oldest nurse in Britain.The diabetes （糖尿病） specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse withintwo weeks and still does up to four seven-and-a-half hour shifts （轮班） each week.Mrs Reid said：“Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job.Working for the NHS has been my life.I have no other hobbies because I have worked all my life.”Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals—including one in Scotland. Her specialist field has been diabetes for th e past 40 years.She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease.She currently works at Southend Hospital，Essex.Over the last 60 years she has treated tens of thousands of patients.Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts.She said：“There’re lots of things I would say to the gov ernment.If you are going to get good care you have to have the resources （资源），you can’t do it without enough money.They shouldn’t need the cuts that there are in the NHS.It’s hard now because there’s a shortage of staff.”Jackie has lived alone in Grays,Essex,since her husband died three years ago. The couple have two daughters Michelle，50，and Karen，54.Jackie added：“My youngest daughter worries about me—she doesn’t think I should work as much as I do.I constantly say ‘don’t worry about me，I’m fine’，but she never believes me.I don’t like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever.”56.In which year was the NHS set up？（within 2 words）57.What does Jackie think of nursing？（within 6 words）58.When did Jackie retrain in the field of diabetes？（within 6 words）59.What does Jackie wish the government to do？（within 7 words）60.Why does Jackie’s daughter worry about her？（within 8 words）答案：56.In 1948.57.It’s hard but she loves it.58.After her daughter developed diabetes.59.Not to make cuts in nursing.60.Because she thinks her mother works too hard.。

Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernheroⅠ.阅读理解(2017·浙江)Benjamin West,the father of American painting,showed his tal ent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not k now about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days,a brush was made from camel’s hair.There were n o camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work in stead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.B efore long,the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was for ced to admit what he had been doing.The cat’s lot was about to improve.That year,one of Benjamin’s cousins,Mr.Pennington,came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home,he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real pain t and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747,when Benjami n was nine years old,Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He a sked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Phil adelphia for a visit.In the city,Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creatin g oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景) painting.William Williams,a well-known painter,came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to t ake home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little,having been a poor student.But he later said,“Thos e two books were my companions by day,and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the b ooks,they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine -year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.【语篇导读】本杰明·韦斯特从六岁时就表现出了绘画的天分。

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero曼德拉——南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。

曼德拉不仅仅是一位伟人，更是人们敬仰的英雄。

Nelson Mandela, the first black president of South Africa who was a symbol (象征) of social justice (公正), passed away on Dec. 5, 2013. His death is a great loss to the whole world, since this modern hero, who used to fight for the black people, helped the black people get the same rights as white people, and began a school to help those who had little learning even during the time when he was put into prison. He was the one who always gave priority to (优先考虑) his nation.Nelson was a great man, but he was more than a great man. He was, is, and always will be a hero. In my view, being a hero means more than making great achievements. In fact, heroes are extraordinary (非凡的), because their hearts are filled with love for people. It is this love that makes them heroes, rather than great men.So this is the difference between great men and heroes. What makes a hero is not only one's achievements, but also his selfless (无私的) love. With great achievements and selfless love, the person can bee a true hero, just like Nelson Mandela.短文注释：1．pass away 去世2．a great loss一个巨大的损失3．used to do 过去常常4．fight for... 为……而奋斗5．put... into prison将……投入监狱6．in my view 在我看来7．make great achievements取得巨大成就8．be filled with 充满9．not only... but also...不但……而且……Section ⅠWarming Up & Reading —Pre­reading重点单词写作词汇1.quality n．质量；品质；性质2．mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的4．found vt. 建立；建设5．principle n. 法则；原则6．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期7．vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决8．attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击拓展词汇1.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动2．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献3．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peacen．和平；平静；和睦①peace→peaceful和平的②pain→painful 痛苦的③harm→harmful 有害的④power→powerful 强大的⑤meaning→meaningful 有意义的⑥cheer→cheerful 欢乐的后缀­ance高频名词全接触①guidance 指导；领导②importance 重要；重要性③ignorance 无知；愚昧④signifi cance 意义；重要性⑤appearance 出现⑥tolerance 宽容；容忍self反身代词①myself 我自己②yourself 你自己③himself 他自己④herself 她自己⑤itself 它自己⑥ourselves 我们自己⑦yourselves 你们自己⑧themselves 他们自己“out of＋n.”短语集锦①out of work失业②out of control 失控③out of mind 心不在焉④out of order 有毛病；出故障⑤out of sight 看不见“in＋n.”短语面面观①in trouble 在困境中②in danger 处于危险中③in return 作为回报④in vain 徒劳地⑤in order 井然有序⑥in place 在适当的位置Step One：Warming upA famous person may not be a great person, but a great person must be a famous person.1．Who do you think are great persons in the following pictures?答案：A，B and E2．What do you know about Nelson Mandela?He_devotes_his_life_to_helping_his_people_get_the_same_rights_as_white_peop le_in_his_country./He_is_a_national_leader_who_has_been_fighting_for_making_bla ck_and_white_people_equal./Nelson_Mandela_is_regarded_as_one_of_the_greatest_sp iritual_and_political_leaders_of_our_time.Step Two：Fast readingSkim the text and choose the best answers.1．What's the main idea of the text?A．The life of black workers.B．The fight between Mandela and the white people.C．The stories between Mandela and Elias.D．The education of Elias.答案：C2．Match the main idea of each part.Paras.1～2(B) A．The change of Elias' life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela didParas.3～7(A) B．The life of Elias before he met Nelson MandelaStep Three：Careful readingRead the reading passage carefully and choose the best answers according to the text.1．Why did Elias have to leave school?A．He didn't have a passbook.B．His home was far from the school.C．His family couldn't afford the school fees.D．He couldn't read or write.答案：C2．Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to ________.A．make moneyB．help the poor black people with their problemsC．make himself famousD．study law答案：B3．How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?A．He talked with Elias' boss.B．He helped him get the correct papers.C．He lent him some money.D．He asked him to go to court.答案：B4．What dream did Nelson Mandela have?A．To bee the president of South Africa.B．To win the Nobel Peace Prize.C．To make black and white people equal.D．To blow up some government buildings.答案：CStep Four：Explain difficult sentences1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.[句式分析][尝试翻译]第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela Warming upⅠ.Guessing gameWho is he?1. He was the father of the Indian nation of the twentieth century. He formedan organization leading the Indian’s struggle for equal rights. He gave upa rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UKin a peaceful way. He was a model of a different kind of political leader.2.He was born in a peasant family in 1866. He studied medicine in China and Hongkongand practised as a doctor in Macao.He opposed the Qing government.When the Qinggovernment fell, he became the first president of the Chinese Republic.He gaveup being President in 1912 to work on his three principles:the principle ofpeople’s rights, people’s livelihood and nationalism.3.He was the first man to walk on the moon.He was a pilot in the American AirForce and later joined the astronaut programme. He was chosen to be the firstman to walk on the moon.4.He is one of the greatest scientists of the century in the world. He put forwardthe theories of relativity. His theory in physics helped the world to know moreabout the universe, so he was given the Nobel Prize in 1921. He proved thatlight does not travel in a straight line, but bends as it passes the sun.5.She is a famous chemist and physicist and the first person to win two NobelPrizes for her work on radioactivity and her discovery of polonium and radium.Her best qualities are persistence, determination and modesty.6.He is the former South African president. In order to make the black peopleget the freedom, he fought many years and was put in prison for thirty years.He helped the black people to realize the dream of making black and white peopleequal.7.He believed that Bible should be read by everyone. He translated the Bible intoeasily readable English for the people of his time. The priests and religiouspeople disliked his idea and thought they would have less power, so they triedto stop him. But he did not give up. At last he was caught and put to deathfor his beliefs.8.He was a Canadian who has a very strong feeling against injustice. He was avery important doctor in his own country. He came to China to support the Chineseand their army as a doctor. Unfortunately he got blood poisoning while workingin China and died here.Gandhi （） Neil Armstrong （）Albert Einstein （） Nelson Mandela （）Norman Berthune （） Sun Yat-sen （）Marie Curie （） William Tyndale （）Ⅱ. Answer the following questions.1. Who do you admire greatly? Why?2. What are the qualities you should find in a great person?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What qualities do you have?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅲ.Listening.1.Read the statements below and then listen to the whole text. Decide whether theyare true or false. Correct the wrong information.1. William Tyndale wrote the first Bible.( )2. He was born in the fifth century.( )3. Many years ago the bible was written in the Greek and Hebrew languages.( )4. William Tyndale later moved to Belgium to complete his work.( )5. Everybody in Europe loved the bible written by William Tyndale.( )2. Listen to part 1 again and complete the passage.William Tyndale was born in _________________ in the ______________century.He lived from___________________ to _________________. He was only ______________years old when he died. At that time the bible was not written in _______________,so most people in ____________________ couldn’t read it at all. So William Tyndalewrote the first_______________. People still use his ____________and_______________ today.3. Listen to Part 2 again and answer these questions.1.Why was the king not happy with William Tyndale?2.What happened to him after he was found in Belgium?3.What do people think of his work now?Homework1.Review the words of unit 5.2.Preview the reading and find the difficult sentences.Answers1. Gandhi （ 1 ） Neil Armstrong （ 3 ）Albert Einstein （ 4 ） Nelson Mandela （ 6 ）Norman Berthune （8 ） Sun Yat-sen （2 ）Marie Curie （ 5 ） William Tyndale （ 7 ）2. What are the qualities you should find in a great person?Brave hard-working active reliable honest generous wisedevoted selfless warm-hearted determined Intelligent, diligent, Dopublic service work without pay, confident, energetic, passionate【pæʃənitli】热情的，激昂的 , Make great contributions to mankind, Get on well withothers,Never lose heart, Be active in society activities, Do public servicework without pay3. What qualities do you have?A great person is a person who has followed his or her ideas and sacrificedsomething so that they could be realized.Ⅲ.Listening2.Read the statements below and then listen to the whole text. Decide whether theyare true or false. Correct the wrong information.1. William Tyndale wrote the first Bible.( )2. He was born in the fifth century.( )3. Many years ago the bible was written in the Greek and Hebrew languages.( T )4. William Tyndale later moved to Belgium to complete his work.( T )5. Everybody in Europe loved the bible written by William Tyndale.( )3. Listen to part 1 again and complete the passage.William Tyndale was born in __London___ in the __fifteenth__century. He livedfrom___1494__ to ___1536_. He was only _42_ years old when he died. At that timethe bible was not written in __English_, so most people in __Britain__ couldn’tread it at all. So William Tyndale wrote the first__Englis Bible_. People stilluse his _words__and __expressions__ today.4.Listen to Part 2 again and answer these questions.1.Why was the king not happy with William Tyndale?The king was not happy because he did not want the people to read the Biblein English. (He wanted to have power over what people thought aboutChristianity. He knew that when people read the Mobile for themselves theycould decide for themselves. He was right because once people did readtranslated Bible, they started arguing with the traditional way ofunderstanding it.)2.What happened to him after he was found in Belgium?He was put in prison and later killed.3.What do people think of his work now?They love his work very much. His bible is still the most popular and his wordsare still used today.。

The Seventh Period●从容说课This is the seventh period of this unit，the end of this unit.After finishing learning this unit，students should know how well they did and how they can improve themselves.They should learn how to evaluate themselves.Therefore，in this period，there is a part for students to sum up what they learned in this unit.Besides，some learning tips are introduced to students.In the workbook，there are two parts：project and checking yourself.The first part is to ask the students to make a research into a great person around himself or herself.The second one is to make the students learn how to evaluate themselves.In a word，this period is designed to go over the whole unit.●三维目标1.Knowledge：Sum up what the students have learned in this unit，including：useful verbs，useful nouns，useful expressions，new grammar item.2.Ability：（1）Know how well they did in this unit.（2）Know how to improve themselves.3.Emotion：Learn how to evaluate themselves.●教学重点（1）Enable the students to master useful verbs，useful nouns，useful expressions，new grammar item.（2）Help them to know how well they did.（3）Help them to learn how to evaluate themselves.●教学难点Help them to learn how to evaluate themselves.●教具准备The multimedia and the blackboard.●教学过程Step 1 GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step 2 RevisionT：Yesterday you were asked to writing a passage about a great person.Have you finished your homework？Ss：Yes.T：Very good.Who’d like to introduce your hero/heroine？S1：I want a try.Madam Curie is my heroine.She is a French professor of physics.She was born in Poland in 1867.In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland.When she was studying in Paris，she lived a poor life，but she worked very hard.In 1895 she married Pierre Curie，and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter.Theydiscovered two kinds of radioactive matter—polonium and radium.In 1904 she and her husband received a Nobel Prize for Physics.After Mr Curie died in 1906，she went on with her research.She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911，so she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.T：Excellent.Anybody else？S2：Let me try.Albert Einstein is my hero.He was born on March 14，1879 in Ulm，Wurttemberg，Germany.Einstein contributed more than any other scientist since Sir Isaac Newton to our understanding of physical reality.Einstein worked at the patent office in Bern，Switzerland from 1902 to 1909.During this period he completed an astonishing range of theoretical physics publications，written in his spare time，without the benefit of close contact with scientific literature or colleagues.The most well known of these works is Einstein’s 1905 paper proposing “the special theory of relativity.” Later in 1905 Einstein showed how mass and energy were equivalent expressing it in the famous equation：E=mc2.This equation became a cornerstone in the development of nuclear energy.Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 but not for relativity，rather for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect.He worked on at Princeton until the end of his life on an attempt to unify the laws of physics.Step 3 Summing upT：Good jobs.Today we will finish learning this unit.Now let’s sum up what we have learned in this unit.Here are some guiding notes to help you.Please fill in the information sheet.（Show the card on the screen.）What have you learned about Nelson Mandela._________________________________From this unit you have also learned●Useful verbs___________________________●Useful nouns___________________________●Useful expressions___________________________●New grammar item___________________________Now I’ll give you some minutes to write possible answers.Suggested answers：What have you learned about Nelson Mandela.intelligent/determined/generous/kind/unselfish/hard-working/brave/confident From this unit you have also learned●Useful verbs：fight，advise，continue，vote，accept，guard，fear，reward，sentence●Useful nouns：hero，quality，republic，principle，nationalism，livelihood，prison，prisoner，law，fee，gold，passbook，ANC，youth，league，stage，position，violence，blanket，degree，terror，fear，cruelty，reward，right，criminal，leader，president●Useful expressions：lose heart，in trouble，worry about，out of work，Youth League，as a matter offact，blow up，put...in prison，come to，power，set up，be sentenced to●New grammar item：The attributive clauses with when/where/whyStep 4 Learning tipT：In the last periods，we have learned two passages about Nelson Mandela.So you have been very familiar with this kind of passage.Here is a question for you to discuss.Listen carefully.Which learning tips do you think are more useful？Are you clear about that？Ss：Yes.T：Work in groups of four and discuss for a few minutes.Then I’ll ask some students to express your opinions.You can begin now.（A few minutes later.）T：OK.Are you ready now？Ss：Yes.T：Who’d like to be the first to talk about your opinions？Any volunteer？S1：I think when we choose a famous person，we must try to find out as much as we can about his or her life.S2：In my opinion，it is important to read what a famous person did and what people remember about him or her.S3：I think it is also important to find some people who like him or her and some who do not.At the same time，we should try to find out for what reason they like this person or not.T：Very good.While you are doing this，you will be teaching yourself a useful way of learning.Step 5 ProjectT：Now please turn to Page 75.Please look at the project.You know a great person need not to be famous.So your task is to look around your hometown and see if you can find anyone who has given up something to help others.Then write a short report about research and read it to the class.Please finish it after class.Step 6 Checking yourselfT：Now we have finished learning this unit.Please discuss the following questions.（Show these questions on the screen.）What kind of person do you want to be？Are you going to become a great person like Nelson Mandela？Why？Do you think a rich and successful person is a great person？Why or why not？What have you learned from Nelson Mandela？From what quality do you admire him most？Do you know anyone who has given up a lot for others？How well have you done in the exercises on the attributive clause？Did you have any problems in understanding this unit？How did you solve them？（Give the students several minutes to prepare.And then have a discussion about these questions with the whole class.）Step 7 SummaryT：In this lesson，we summed up what we have learned in this unit.Besides，we talked about some learning tips.And then you check yourself.Today we have finished this unit，so please review the whole unit，especially pay more attention to the important words，phrases and grammar we learned in this unit.Step 8 HomeworkGo over the whole unit.●板书设计Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroThe Seventh PeriodWhat have you learned about Nelson Mandela.____________________________________From this unit you have also learned●Useful verbs_______________________________●Useful nouns_______________________________●Useful expressions_______________________________●New grammar item_______________________________●活动与探究Your task is to look around your hometown and see if you can find anyone who has given up something to help others.Then write a short report about research and read it to the class.Please finish it after class.●备课资料How to Improve Your English GrammarUse self-study grammar books.Practice forming meaningful sentences.Make positive statements，negative，turn statements into questions，make active statements passive.Turn past tense sentences into present tense sentences etc.Learn the different tenses.Learn by heart a simple example sentence using each tense.Do online exercises.Keep a note of how you did and go back in a few weeks to see how you have improved.On this site：Use the grammar pages to learn new grammar and then test yourself.How to Improve Your English VocabularyUse self-study vocabulary books.Expose yourself to as much English as possible by reading，watching the TV，films or the news and listening to the radio or music.Do online exercises.Keep a note of how you did and go back in a few weeks to see how you have improved.Use stick it notes and label things around your home.Vocabulary websBuild a vocabulary web to organise your vocabulary about certain subjects.For example your personal life：and then extend it：On this site：Use the dictation pages to test your understanding.and then extend it further...Flash cardsStart a flash cards box.Buy or cut out some cards all the same size.Draw or cut out some pictures.Paste the pictures onto one side of the card and write the correct word on the other side.Put new words in the front of the box.Test yourself using either the pictures，the words or both.If you have forgotten a word bring it to the front of the box.On this site：Use the vocabulary pages to learn new vocabulary thematically and in context.How to Improve Your English Listening SkillsMake sure you have the right software to take advantage of what is available on the WWW.You can download players and find links to online radio stations at ， and .Try some English radio stations.Films in English are an excellent language resource.Follow my tips on how to use films to improve your English.Keep up to date with current events and watch an English-language news station，such as BBC World.Watch news reports on events you are already aware of.Find out how to switch languages on your TV.If you have digital or satellite TV there are several channels that broadcast in multiple languages.Eurosport is one and Euronews is another.On this site：Use my English magazine Ezine pages to find some interesting articles to listen to.On this site：Read my poem of the month or joke of the month and then send off for the monthly sound files.。

高中英语真题:完成句子2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela--a modern hero完成句子第Ⅰ组1.The enemy tried to (炸毁桥梁).2.If you (处于困境中),you can get help from the others.3.Although he failed the exam,he (并没有丧失信心).4.The party (上台执政) three years ago.5.He (请求她告诉他) the truth.6.This famous college (建立) by his grandfather.7.She worked hard to (创办自己的生意).8.The boss (奖励我) a holiday.9.The man (被判) life imprisonment.10.The girl planned to (一生致力于) teaching.答案：1.blow up the bridge2.are in trouble3.didn’t lose heart4.came to power 5.begged her to tell him 6.was founded 7.set up he r own business 8.rewarded me with 9.was sentenced to 10.de vote her whole life to第Ⅱ组1.With no one (可以求助),he has to deal with the situation alone.（turn）2.Bill (建立了自己的公司) after he left university.（set）3.After failing the College Entrance Examination,he (灰心) and gave up.(lose)4.I shall never forget those years (和她一起住的).(live)5.I have found the watch (我丢的) three weeks ago.(lose)6.This is the house (我家人住的) last year.(live)7.Don’t worry.We can ask the man (正在看书的) over there.(read)8.I have no idea whether you know Tom, (就是我们谈论的) a moment ago.(talk)9.Great changes have taken place in the town (我出生的).(born)10.The reason (你为什么失败) was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.(fail)答案：1.to turn to2.set up his own company3.lost heart4.during wh ich/when I lived with her5.that/which I lost6.where/in which m y family lived7.who is reading8.whom we talked about9.whe re/in which I was born 10.for which/why you failed第Ⅲ组1.The Chinese people (抗击) the Japanese invaders for 8 years and drove them out of Ch ina.2.No matter how many times you fail,you should never (灰心).3. (事实上),she didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.4.If you can’t finish the work on time,you’ll be (处于麻烦中).5.She has been (失业) for a year and is looking forward to being in work again.答案：1.fought against2.lose heart3.As a matter of fact4.in trouble5.out of work第Ⅳ组句型转换（用which,why,where或when改写以下句子）1.The school year starts on the first of September.The first of September is the day .2.My brother stopped smoking because it is bad for his health. The reason .3.We went to Shanghai on our school trip.The city .4.I most like the late night show on TV.The TV program .5.My father works in a factory that makes telephones.The factory .6.She did her homework in this room.This is the room .7.I told you about the town on the phone.This is the town .8.Why is Tin Tin popular among children of different countries? Do you know the reason ?9.Maybe one day we don’t have to go to school but just study at home.The day may soon come .10.I grew up in the small village and I’ll go back there after grad uation.After graduation,I will go back to the small village .答案：1.when the school year starts2.why my brother stopped smoking is that it is bad for his health3.which we went to on our school trip is Shanghai4.which I most like is the late night show5.where my father works makes telephones6.where she did her homework7.which I told you about on the phone8.why Tin Tin is popular among children of different countries9.when we don’t have to go to school but just study at home10.where I grew up第Ⅴ组翻译句子（将下列汉语翻译成含有定语从句的复合句）1.昨天我去参观了那个伟大作家曾经生活过的房子。

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero I'd like to express my thanks to one of my devoted friends, who helped me selflessly in the past three years. There was a time when my company that was set up 10 years ago was in trouble, which meant I may be out of work.I didn't mean to beg others for help so I refused to turn to anyone. But my friend came. She devoted her time and money to helping me. The last thre e years saw the support and help that she gave me. Only then did I realize how generous she was. With her help, I didn't escape from the fact, which meant I didn't lose heart. And now I have made my dream come true again.我要感谢我的一位挚友，在过去的三年里无私地帮助我。

曾有那么一段时期，我那家成立于十年前的公司陷入困境，这意味着我可能会失业。

我不打算向任何人请求帮助，所以我拒绝求助于任何人。

但是我的朋友来到我的身边。

她不遗余力地倾其时间与金钱来帮助我。

这三年见证了她对我的支持和帮助。

直到那时我才意识到她有多么慷慨。

在她的帮助下，我没有逃避现实，也就是说我没有失去信心。

2013年高一英语精品测试训练：Unit 5 《Nelson Mandela--a modern hero》任务型阅读（人教版必修1）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入一个恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Passage 1It all began with...Orlando Bloom was not a “good” student at school.Because of dyslexia,a reading and writing disorder（障碍），he struggled in many courses.But Bloom says the dyslexia gave him the encouragement to overcome（克服）his difficulties.In an interview with the Telegraph,the 32-year-old said the condition turned him into an ambitious person.“Because of the dyslexia,I always tho ught I had to work twice as har d as everyone else just to go the same distance,” he said.“That gave me a real kick as a kid and a lot of encouragement later on.In one sense,I guess that I’m grateful （感激的）.”Bloom is always preparing it thoroughly（充分地） when it comes to an audition （试镜）for a part.Perhaps this is what won him his role in The Lord of the Rings，a highly successful film trilogy （三部曲）.“I really prepared it thoroughly for the audition and it’s paid off,” he said.It was the beginning of a fame that led to even greater success as a movie actor.But unlike some young people who aim for fame and fortune,Bloom believed an acting career has been fulfilling （实现） his childhood fantasies.“Aged 9，I had this girlfriend and we used to have running races in the park to see who would be her boyfriend for the day.I wanted to be like Superman and fly in and rescue her.Once I realized Superman was an actor,I thought,‘That’s for me.’”Bloom has always played special characters,like a knight (骑士) and a prince.It’s difficult to picture him in everyman roles.In October 2009,Bloom was named Goodwill Ambassador （亲善大使） for United Nations International Children’s Emergenc y Fund（UNICEF).His first task would be to filma documentary about the importance of clean water supplies.In fact,Bloom started work for the UNICEF in 2007.On his first visit to Nepal,he was asked by students to take a small part in a play they were performing on local radio.答案：1.rescue/save2.actor3.Because4.struggled5.encouraged6.helped7.prepared8.whatd 10.filmPassage 2 （2013·江苏高考）Quiet Virtue:The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual,careful in doing work,self-dis ciplined,and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are t ypical characteristics of the model organizational citizen,the people who keep things running as they should.They follow the rules,help out,and are concerned about the people they work with.It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updat es people who return after an absence,who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves,who always gets things done on deadline. Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.In studies of jobperformance,outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs,from semi-skilled labor to sales and management,depends on conscientiousness.It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect,the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer,those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market,because employees with this quality are among the most valued.For the sales representatives,their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are.Their reputation for dependability influences managers’evaluations of their work,giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves,they can hold other people to their own standards,and so be overly judgmental when other s don’t show the same high levels of model behavior.Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious,for example,tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized,which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations,it can discourage creativity.In creative professions like art or advertising,openness to wild ideas and sp ontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand.Success in such occupations calls for a balance,however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through,people become mere dreamers,with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.答案：71.strict 72.helpful/good 73.Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance74.running/working/going/operating/functioning 75.performance(s)76.fi red/dismissed/jobless 77.problems/t roubles78.higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced79.tense/damaged/poor/bad 80.discourage/affect/damagePassage 3 （2013·安徽高考）Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”.In other words,whether you’re seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer,you’ve got to move forward.We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood （心情）：Over a 30-year period,University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income,education,political participation,volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness.Reported Newsweek’s Sharon Begley on the findings,“The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”Singing aloud,talking to a stranger,raising your hand:all may increase a feeling of happiness,according to a study from Wake Forest University.Participants （参与者） followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn. The editors of gave ＄5 or ＄20 to 46 strangers by chance.Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves,while the other half was told to spend it on others.Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves.There was no difference in happiness between those who spent ＄5 or ＄20,suggesting that it’s not how much money you spend,but how y ou spend it,that inspires the spirit.Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful.A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration （脱水） affected the moods of its female participants.答案：76.Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing) 77.forward/ahead/on78.experts/researchers79.steps/ways 80.greatest 81.Express 82.sharing 83.Focus/Concentrate84.feeling/mood/sense 85.these/those。