DIAGNOSISANDTREATMENT

•指南与共识•国际糖尿病足工作组《糖尿病足感染诊断与治疗指南(2019版）》解读徐俊1许樟荣21国家卫生健康委员会激素与发育重点实验室（天津医科大学），天津市代谢性疾病重点实验室，天津医科大学朱宪弈纪念医院&天津市内分泌研究所，糖尿病足病科300134; 2战略支援部队特色医学中心，北京100101通信作者：徐俊，Email:xujun602@ 163. com【摘要】国际糖尿病足工作组《糖尿病足感染诊断与治疗指南（2019版）》是按照患者-干预-比较-结局（P I C O)原则，从诊断到治疗提出了 8个临床问题，同时给出27条推荐要点，层层递进解决临床问题。

解读对每条推荐点的内涵和外延，结合临床，详细分析，着重突出临床的指导性、实用性、规范和统一性。

【关键词】糖尿病足;感染;骨髓炎;指南解读基金项目：国家自然科学基金（81670766)D0I：10. 3760/c m a.j. cnl21383-20200710-07077Interpretation of diagnosis and treatment guidelines for diabetic foot infection ( 2019 Edition) byinternational Working Group on Diabetic Foot Xu Jun , Xu Zhangrong2. 1JSHC Key Laboratory ofHormones and Development(Tianjin Medical University) ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases 9Department of Diabetic Foot,Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute ofEndocrinology，Tianjin 300134，China' - Special Medical Center of Strategic Support Forces，Bejing W0 W I，ChinaCorresponding author-. Xu Jun,Email：****************【Abstract】According to the principle of patient-intervention-comparison-outcome (P I C O)，the In­ternational Working G r oup on diabetic foot diagnosis and treatment (2019Edition) put forward 8 clinicalproblems from diagnosis to treatment of diabetic foot, and gave 27 recommendations to solve clinical prob­lems step by step. T h e connotation and extension of each r e c o m m e n d e d point are interpreted. This interpre­ting gave detailed analysis according to daily clinical practice. T h e standardization and unity areemphasized.【Key words】Diabetic foot; Infection; Osteomyelitis; Guideline interpretingFund program ：National Natural Science Foundation of China( 81670766)D O I：10. 3760/c m a.j. cnl21383-20200710-07077i背景国际糖尿病足工作组是一个专门致力于糖尿病 足诊断、治疗、护理、预防的全球性组织。

英语报导类作文模板及范文英文回答：Headline: The Rise of Smart Technology in Healthcare: Revolutionizing Diagnosis and Treatment。

Introduction:In recent years, the integration of smart technology into healthcare has accelerated at an unprecedented pace, transforming the way we diagnose, treat, and manage health conditions. From wearable devices to advanced imaging systems, smart technology is revolutionizing healthcare, offering a myriad of benefits for patients and healthcare providers alike.Body:1. Enhanced Diagnosis:Smart technology empowers healthcare professionals with sophisticated tools for early and precise diagnosis. Wearable devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, continuously monitor vital signs and detect potentialhealth issues. Advanced imaging techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provide detailed cross-sectional images, enabling accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.2. Personalized Treatment:Smart technology enables tailored treatment approaches that meet the unique needs of each patient. Electronichealth records (EHRs) provide a comprehensive medical history, allowing healthcare providers to make informed decisions. Telemedicine platforms facilitate remote consultations, improving accessibility to healthcare services for patients in remote areas or with limited mobility.3. Remote Monitoring:Remote monitoring devices, such as wearable sensors and implantable devices, allow healthcare providers to continuously monitor patients' health from afar. This enables early detection of health issues, timely interventions, and reduced hospital readmissions.4. Improved Patient Engagement:Smart technology fosters greater patient engagement by providing them with real-time access to their health data. Health apps and patient portals empower patients toactively participate in their healthcare decisions, leading to improved adherence to treatment plans and better health outcomes.5. Efficiency and Cost Savings:Smart technology streamlines healthcare processes, reducing administrative burden and costs. Electronic prescriptions eliminate errors and improve medication safety. Telemedicine platforms reduce the need for in-person consultations, saving travel time and costs for bothpatients and healthcare providers.Conclusion:The integration of smart technology into healthcare has revolutionized the field, empowering healthcare professionals with advanced tools for diagnosis, treatment, and patient engagement. The benefits of smart technology are wide-ranging, including enhanced diagnosis, personalized treatment, remote monitoring, improved patient involvement, and increased efficiency. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more transformative applications in healthcare, leading tobetter health outcomes and a more connected and accessible healthcare system.中文回答：标题，智能技术在医疗保健中的崛起，诊断和治疗的革命。

Animal diagnosis and treatment technology（动物诊疗技术）动物诊疗技术可以说是现代兽医学的一个重要方面，伴随着科技的不断发展，动物诊疗技术也在不断的升级和改进，从最早的手工操作到现在的高科技医疗设备，都为动物的健康保驾护航。

今天我们就来探讨一下目前常见的动物诊疗技术。

一、影像诊断技术1.X光影像技术X光影像技术是动物医疗中非常常见的诊断技术，它可以通过X光设备对动物体内的组织和器官进行成像，让兽医师更好地了解动物身体的内部情况。

X光影像技术对于因骨骼损伤、体内异物等引起的疾病诊断非常有帮助。

2.超声波诊断技术超声波诊断技术与X光技术不同，它可以更好地诊断软组织的疾病。

该技术主要利用超声波对动物进行成像，可以查看动物的内脏、血管、心脏等器官有无病变。

超声技术特别适用于妊娠动物的产前检查和胎儿的诊断，对于动物医疗的诊断工作非常有帮助。

二、外科诊疗技术1.激光手术相比传统手术方式，激光手术在动物诊疗中有很大的优势。

因为激光手术具有不出血、不结痂、无疼痛等特点，对于某些疾病的治疗效果也很显著。

目前，激光手术已广泛应用于动物肿瘤的治疗。

2.内窥镜技术内窥镜技术是通过一根细长的光纤管将内窥镜插入动物体内进行诊疗。

该技术可以运用于许多领域，如腔镜诊断、腔镜切除、腹腔镜和胸腔镜检查或手术等，其优点在于小切口、恢复快、残留病灶少等。

三、医学治疗1. 药物治疗药物治疗是目前常用的治疗方式之一，特别适用于内科疾病和感染疾病的治疗。

但在使用药物时，要注意使用剂量，防止药物过量损伤动物身体健康。

2. 免疫治疗在动物诊疗中，免疫治疗也常常被采用，特别对于某些疾病，如传染性疾病等。

通过给动物接种特定疫苗，可以刺激动物免疫系统产生对疾病的免疫力，从而避免疾病的传播和发生。

总之，目前动物诊疗技术已发展到了一个非常高级的水平，这些技术中既有高科技的医疗设备，也有经典而实用的诊疗方法。

通过这些技术的运用，人们可以更好地保护动物健康，为动物提供最优质的诊疗服务。

病程记录的诊疗计划英文回答：Diagnosis and Treatment Plan in the Course of Illness.In the course of illness, the diagnosis and treatment plan plays a crucial role in guiding the medical team and ensuring the best possible care for the patient. It serves as a roadmap, outlining the steps to be taken to manage the condition effectively. As a healthcare professional, I have had the opportunity to develop and implement diagnosis and treatment plans for various patients, and I understand the importance of tailoring the plan to the individual's specific needs.First and foremost, the diagnosis must be accurate and comprehensive. This involves conducting a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and ordering appropriate diagnostic tests. For example, if a patient presents with symptoms of chest pain and shortness ofbreath, a diagnosis of possible myocardial infarction may be made. In this case, an electrocardiogram, cardiac enzymes, and a stress test may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.Once the diagnosis is established, the treatment plan can be formulated. It should be evidence-based and takeinto account the patient's medical history, comorbidities, and preferences. For instance, if a patient is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, the treatment plan may include lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, as well as medication management. The plan should be realistic and achievable, with clear goals and objectives.Furthermore, the treatment plan should be communicated effectively to the patient and their family members. It is important to explain the rationale behind the chosen interventions, potential side effects, and expected outcomes. This helps to foster a collaborative relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient, promoting adherence to the treatment plan. For example, when prescribing a new medication, I would explain the purposeof the medication, how it works, and any potential side effects. I would also emphasize the importance of takingthe medication as prescribed and following up with regular appointments.Regular monitoring and reassessment are essential components of the treatment plan. This allows for adjustments to be made based on the patient's response to treatment and any changes in their condition. For instance, if a patient's blood pressure remains elevated despite medication, the treatment plan may need to be modified by increasing the dosage or adding another medication. Regular follow-up appointments and laboratory tests help to track progress and ensure the effectiveness of the treatment plan.In conclusion, the diagnosis and treatment plan in the course of illness is a dynamic process that requires accurate diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, effective communication, and regular monitoring. By tailoring theplan to the individual's needs and involving them in the decision-making process, we can ensure the best possible outcomes for the patient.中文回答：病程记录的诊疗计划。

误吸诊断标准指南最新版The latest version of the aspiration diagnosis guidelines is essential for healthcare professionals to accurately identify and treat patients with aspiration. 诊断标准指南的最新版对于医疗专业人员准确识别和治疗患有误吸的患者至关重要。

The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of aspiration, including clinical criteria, imaging studies, and other diagnostic tests. 这些指南提供了基于证据的诊断误吸的建议，包括临床标准、影像学研究以及其他诊断测试。

Healthcare professionals should be well-informed about the latest guidelines to ensure that they are providing the best possible care for patients at risk of aspiration. 医疗专业人员应该熟知最新的指南，以确保他们为有误吸风险的患者提供最好的可能护理。

The guidelines also play a crucial role in standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of aspiration across different healthcare settings, ensuring consistency and quality of care. 这些指南在标准化不同医疗环境中误吸的诊断和治疗方面发挥着至关重要的作用，以确保护理的一致性和质量。

New Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Tenth Edition Diagnosis and Treatment Plan PPT - English Translation The following is an English translation of the New Coronavirus Pneumonia(COVID-19) Tenth Edition Diagnosis and Treatment Plan PPT. This edition presents the latest updates on the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for COVID-19.IntroductionThe outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, has posed unprecedented challenges to public health worldwide. In response, medical experts and researchers have been diligently working to develop effective strategies to prevent and treat this illness. This tenth edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide for healthcare professionals involved in the management of COVID-19 patients.Diagnosis1.Epidemiological history:–Individuals with travel history to areas with ongoing COVID-19 transmission within the past 14 days.–Close contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases within the past 14 days.2.Clinical manifestations:–Fever, fatigue, dry cough, and other respiratory symptoms.–In severe cases, shortness of breath, chest pain, and other complications may occur.boratory tests:–Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.–Chest computed tomography (CT) scans may assist in the diagnosis, especially for patients with negative RT-PCR results but withtypical clinical manifestations.Treatment1.Isolation and supportive care:–Admit patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 to designated isolation wards.–Provide symptomatic treatment for fever, cough, and other respiratory symptoms.–Offer supportive care, including oxygen therapy and fluid management.2.Antiviral therapy:–Administer antiviral medications, such as lopinavir/ritonavir, in accordance with the prescribed dosage and duration.–Monitor the patient for adverse reactions and adjust the treatment regimen accordingly.3.Antibacterial therapy:–Use antibiotics cautiously, as appropriate, for patients with coexisting bacterial infections or complicated conditions.4.Respiratory support:–Provide supplemental oxygen therapy for patients with respiratory distress or hypoxemia.–In severe cases, consider invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation support.5.Prevention and control of complications:–Monitor and manage complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).6.Traditional Chinese medicine:–Apply traditional Chinese medicine in conjunction with Western medicine, based on the patient’s condition and expertrecommendations.Prevention1.Personal protection:–Wear masks, maintain good hand hygiene, and practice respiratory etiquette.–Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of respiratory illness.–Follow local health authority guidelines for self-isolation and quarantine if necessary.2.Environmental control:–Implement regular cleaning and disinfection protocols in public places and frequently touched surfaces.–Ensure proper ventilation in indoor settings to minimize the risk of virus transmission.3.Health education:–Promote public awareness of COVID-19 prevention measures through educational campaigns and media.–Provide accurate and reliable information to counter the spread of misinformation.ConclusionThe New Coronavirus Pneumonia Tenth Edition Diagnosis and Treatment Plan PPT serves as an invaluable resource for healthcare professionals in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines the key diagnostic criteria, treatment strategies, and preventive measures necessary to combat this respiratory illness effectively. Adherence to these guidelines, along with continued research and collaboration, will help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and protect public health worldwide.。

住院医院开诊断证明的流程1.患者需要在医院的诊所或者医务处领取申请表格。

The patient needs to obtain an application form at the hospital clinic or medical office.2.患者填写个人基本信息和病情描述，然后提交给医生或护士。

The patient fills out personal information and describes the illness, then submits it to the doctor or nurse.3.医生或护士会核实患者的个人信息和病情，然后安排相应的检查或治疗。

The doctor or nurse verifies the patient's personal information and illness, and then arranges appropriate tests or treatments.4.在医生的指导下，患者完成必要的检查和治疗。

Under the guidance of the doctor, the patient completes necessary tests and treatments.5.医生根据检查结果和临床表现，做出诊断并开具相应的诊断证明。

The doctor makes a diagnosis and issues the corresponding diagnosis certificate based on the test results and clinical presentation.6.诊断证明上会包括患者的基本信息、医院信息、诊断结果和签发日期等内容。

The diagnosis certificate will include the patient's basic information, hospital information, diagnosis results, and date of issue.7.患者需要在医院的财务处或相关窗口办理诊断证明手续。

各科医生的英语表达英文回答：Doctors' Specialties in English.Allergist A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating allergies.Anesthesiologist A doctor who administers anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures.Cardiologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart and blood vessel diseases.Dermatologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.Endocrinologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of hormonal disorders.Gastroenterologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive system.General practitioner (GP) A doctor who providesprimary care to patients of all ages.Geriatrician A doctor who specializes in the care of elderly patients.Gynecologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system.Hematologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders.Infectious disease specialist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.Neurologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system.Obstetrician A doctor who specializes in the care ofwomen during pregnancy and childbirth.Ophthalmologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye.Orthopedic surgeon A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.Otolaryngologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.Pathologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis of diseases by examining tissues and fluids.Pediatrician A doctor who specializes in the care of children and infants.Plastic surgeon A doctor who specializes in the reconstruction and repair of body tissues.Psychiatrist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses.Pulmonologist A doctor who specializes in thediagnosis and treatment of diseases of the respiratory system.Radiologist A doctor who specializes in the use of imaging techniques to diagnose and treat medical conditions.Rheumatologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis.Surgeon A doctor who performs surgical procedures to treat diseases and injuries.Urologist A doctor who specializes in the diagnosisand treatment of diseases of the urinary tract.Vascular surgeon A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the blood vessels.中文回答：各科医生的英语表达。

Medical Management 北京某医院医患双方对MDT诊疗模式的认知调查Investigation on Cognition of MDT Diagnosis and Treatment Model in Doctors and Patients in a Beijing Hospital□ 郭晓培 GUO Xiao-pei 王平 WANG PingAbstract目的 调查医患双方对MDT诊疗模式的认知情况，为有效开展MDT诊疗服务提供依据。

方法 对2019年4—6月门诊患者和医生进行随机问卷调查。

结果 收集患者问卷2117份，医生问卷117份。

不同年龄、不同文化程度患者对MDT诊疗模式的知晓率、参与率及主动参与意愿不同(p＜0.001)。

患者最希望改进的就医环节是挂号(56.22%)，最希望通过官方微信(60.53%)获取MDT诊疗模式相关知识，且对效果优势(84.91%)、适用情况(77.69%)需求最高，96.50%的患者希望医院推出更多MDT诊疗服务。

57.39%的医生清楚MDT诊疗模式，认为影响其实施的外部因素主要是缺乏相应机制、患者不了解、收费政策不明、尚无相应的教学模式，内部因素主要是固定模式难执行、缺少绩效激励、MDT宣传不够和流程不清晰。

结论 MDT诊疗模式知晓率、参与率、参与意愿受年龄和文化程度影响，应优化就医流程，重视宣传，创新管理举措，建立合理评价体系，促进医患“双赢”。

Objectives To investigate the cognition of MDT diagnosis and treatment model in doctors and patients, so as to provide reference for the effective implementation of MDT diagnosis and treatment services. Methods Random questionnaire survey was conducted in outpatient doctors and patients in a hospital in Beijing. Results A total of 2117 patient questionnaires and 117 doctor questionnaires were collected. Patients of different ages and education levels had different rates of awareness, participation and willingness to participate for the MDT diagnosis and treatment model (p＜0.001). The patients mostly hoped to improve registration (56.22%) and to acquire knowledge about MDT diagnosis and treatment model through WeChat official accounts (60.53%). They had the highest demand for effect advantages (84.91%) and applicability (77.69%). And 96.50% of patients hoped that the hospital would provide more MDT diagnosis and treatment services. Of all the doctors, 57.39% of them were clearly aware of the MDT diagnosis and treatment model. They thought that the external factors affecting its implementation were mainly lack of corresponding mechanisms, low awareness of patients, unclear charge policies, and no corresponding teaching model, and that the internal factors were mainly difficulty in carrying out the fixed model, lack of performance incentives, inadequate publicity, and unclear process. Conclusion The rate of awareness, participation and willingness to participate for the MDT diagnosis and treatment model was affected by age and education. It was necessary to optimize the medical treatment process, pay attention to publicity, innovate management measures, establish a reasonable evaluation system to promote a "win-win" situation for doctors and patients.关键词 Key words：多学科协作 Multidisciplinary cooperation；诊疗模式 Diagnosis and treatment model； 医患双方 Doctors and patients；认知 Cognition作者单位：北京大学第一医院Peking University First Hospital Email:*****************通讯作者：王平基金项目：北京大学第一医院科研种子基金，编号：2018SF100中图分类号：R197.3；文献标识码：ADOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9069.2021.03.0121977年由美国罗彻斯特大学精神病和内科学教授恩格尔(Engel)首先提出的“生物—心理—社会”医学模式，要求医院全方位、多角度关注患者，结合个体差异，整合各学科资源提供整体、全面的诊疗服务，做到“以患者为中心”[1]。

脑卒中诊断标准最新指南20201.脑卒中是一种严重的疾病，需要及时进行诊断和治疗。

Stroke is a serious disease that requires timely diagnosis and treatment.2.脑卒中诊断标准的最新指南于2020年发布。

The latest guidelines for the diagnosis of stroke were issued in 2020.3.医生通常会通过临床症状和影像学检查来诊断脑卒中。

Doctors typically diagnose stroke using clinical symptoms and imaging tests.4.中风的症状包括突然出现的头痛、视力模糊、肢体无力等。

Symptoms of stroke include sudden onset of headache, blurred vision, and weakness in the limbs.5.脑卒中的诊断需排除其他可能的疾病。

Diagnosis of stroke requires ruling out other possible diseases.6.脑卒中的影像学检查可以包括CT扫描和MRI。

Imaging tests for stroke can include CT scans and MRI.7.确诊脑卒中后，医生会根据病情严重程度制定治疗方案。

After confirming a stroke diagnosis, doctors will developa treatment plan based on the severity of the condition.8.脑卒中的治疗通常包括溶栓、手术和康复训练。

Treatment for stroke typically involves thrombolysis, surgery, and rehabilitation training.9.脑卒中后的康复训练对患者的康复非常重要。

重庆市特殊病种办理流程1.首先，患者需要去当地医院的专科门诊进行就诊。

First, the patient needs to go to the specialist clinic at the local hospital for consultation.2.医生会进行初步诊断，并给出治疗方案。

The doctor will make an initial diagnosis and provide a treatment plan.3.如果需要进一步诊疗或特殊治疗，医生会向患者开具特殊病种证明。

If further diagnosis or special treatment is needed, the doctor will issue a special disease certificate to the patient.4.患者凭借特殊病种证明，可到当地卫生局进行备案登记。

With the special disease certificate, the patient can go to the local health bureau for registration.5.卫生局会对患者的病情和治疗方案进行审核。

The health bureau will review the patient's condition and treatment plan.6.审核通过后，患者将获得特殊病种诊疗通知单。

After the review is approved, the patient will receive a special disease diagnosis and treatment notification.7.凭借通知单，患者可以在规定医疗机构进行特殊病种的治疗。

With the notification, the patient can receive treatment for the special disease at designated medical institutions.8.在治疗过程中，患者需遵守医生的建议，并定期复诊。