江苏省2017年高考英语二轮复习与策略课件：第1部分 专题3 类型1 广告宣传

模式4|词义猜测题典例剖析[典例1] （2015 •江苏高考・D节选）Freedom and Resp on sibilityFreedom's challe nge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing todaya stra nge new world and we are all won deri ng what we are going to do with it.Some 2, 500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations , splendid empires , but no freedomany where.Egypt and Baby Ion were both tyran _______ , one very powerful man ruli ng over helpless masses.In Greece , in Athens （雅典）,a little city in a little country , there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed , and the unwritten , which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful uni ess one chose to live alone in the desert.TheAthenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self —controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens , not because it was forced on himfrom the outside , but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could con trol themselves and would take resp onsibility for the state.But discoveri ng freedom is not like discoveri ng computers .It cannot be discovered once for all .If people do not prize it , and work for it , it will go.C on sta nt watch is its price.Athe ns cha nged .It was a cha nge that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importanee , a spiritual change which affectedthe whole state.It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material ben efits from her n ever en tered their min ds.There had to be a complete cha nge of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citize ns for doing her work.Now in stead of men givi ng to the state , the state was to give to them.What the people wan ted was a gover nment which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object , ideas offreedom and self —relianee and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappeari ng.Athe ns was more and more looked on as a cooperative bus in ess possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.Athe ns reached the point whe n the freedom she really wan ted was freedom from resp on sibility.There_could_be_on ly_ on e_result.lf men insisted on being free from the burden of self —dependence and responsibility for the com mon good , they would cease to be free.Resp on sibility is the price every man must pay for freedo m.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens , the Athens of Ancient Greece , refused resp on sibility; she reached the end of freedom and was n ever to have it aga in.65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies ” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Countries where their people need help.B. Powerful states with higher civilization.C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D. Governments ruled with absolute power.68. What does the sentence “There could be only one result. ” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Athens would continue to be free.B. Athens would cease to have freedom.C. Freedom would come from responsibility.D. Freedom would stop Athens from self —dependence.65. D ［词义猜测题。

专题一单项填空注：由于个别题目涉及两个考点，故2016、2015均出现15个小题，16个考点的现象。

[题型攻略]单项填空往往只是由一、两句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解。

每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”。

然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的。

攻略1句式结构分析法分析句式结构，明确句子成分，特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，对于选择正确答案是很有必要的。

在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号、连词等，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是复合句。

这类题型的选项大致分为两类：1.连词和代词的混合选项；2.纯连词。

如果是复合句，要严格按照以下两个思路答题：(1)分析何种从句；(2)分析引导词作何种成分。

[典例1](2016·浙江高考，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about whyhuman beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.A．whom B．whichC．what D．thatB[如果学生把先行词误认为scientists，容易错选A项。

分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。

先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。

][典例2]He wrote five novels，two of________translated into English.A．it B．themC．which D．thatB[此题很容易掉进陷阱误选C项，学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句。

事实上translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，不能用连词，所以正确答案是B项them。

若在translated前加上were，were translated就成了谓语动词，这时才可以选连词which。

类型7| 文化教育(2016·天津高考·C)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40－year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，”said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental－health scores with their boyhood－activity scores.Points were awarded for part－time jobs, housework, effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out asadults was surprisingly sharp．Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn't everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”46．What do we know about John?A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.B．He had few childhood playmates.C．He received little love from his family.D．He was envied by others in his childhood.47．Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________．A．a description of personal values and social valuesB．an analysis of how work was related to competenceC．an example for parents' expectations of their childrenD．an explanation why some boys grew into happy men48．Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________．A．recording the boys' effort in schoolB．evaluating the men's mental healthC．comparing different sets of scoresD．measuring the men's problem solving ability49．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge.C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid.50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Competent adults know more about love than work.B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.D．Independence is the key to one's success.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。