高考英语语法专题——专题2代词

学习资料代词和不定代词1。

It’s an either—or situation—you can take on—line classes at home or have classes in the school, but you can't do_________.A。

others B. both C. another D。

either【答案解析】 B【详解】考查不定代词。

句意：这是一种非此即彼的情况——你可以在家上网络课，也可以在学校上课，但你不能两者兼得。

A。

others其他人;B. both两个都；C。

another 另一个；D. either两者之一。

not…both“不是两者兼有",是部分否定，根据take on-line classes at home or have classes in the school可知,你不能两者兼得，故选B项。

2. Education reform has swept across schools， bringing with ______ new opportunities for students to develop in an all—round way。

A。

one B。

it C。

them D. those【答案解析】 B【详解】考查代词辨析。

句意：教育改革已经席卷了学校，随之而来的是学生全面发展的新机会.one代指与前文所提事物同类的事物,不合题意，排除选项A；them和those代指的是名词复数,但教育改革是单数，排除选项C和D；it代指前文中提到的同一个事物且为单数，故选B。

3. All the information available has been checked, but ________ is directly relevant to this murder case.A。

nothing B. it C. no one D。

专题二代__词人称代词、物主代词与反身代1．人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下五种情况： ①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。

—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. —Why me ？John is sitting there doing nothing. ——苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。

——为什么我去？约翰坐在那里什么也没做。

②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。

This is our new car.I bought it yesterday.(用it代替our new car)这是我们的新汽车。

我昨天买的。

③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。

I met her in the hospital.→It was I who met her in the hospital.我是在医院见到她的。

④含比较级的句子中than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。

He is taller than me (I)．他比我高。

但在下列句子中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.我喜欢杰克，也喜欢她。

I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too.我喜欢杰克，她也喜欢他。

⑤用来表示感叹时，用代词的宾格代替主格形式。

Dear me！天哪！(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一(人称)。

宾格me也一样。

You, she and I will be in charge of the case.我、你和她三人将负责这个案件。

专题二代词达标检测Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．(2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine __themselves (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.解析：考查反身代词。

句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。

此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。

故填themselves。

2．(2020·新课标卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether __its (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.解析：考查代词。

句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。

根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词it。

故填its。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __it/running a try.解析：考查代词或名词的用法。

句意：如果你时间不充裕，你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的好处，因此或许我们都应该试试跑步。

专题02代词、介词、介词短语1.（2023年新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed_______hand rather than rolled.【答案】by【详解】考查介词。

固定搭配，by hand“用手”。

句意：在那里，你会发现是不一样准备的——多饺子，少汤，包装是用手压的而不是卷的。

2.（2023年新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside,the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of________(they)contents.【答案】their【详解】考查代词。

修饰后面的名词contents（东西）需用形容词性物主代词their。

3.（2023年新高考II卷）And who do they speak English________?【答案】with【详解】考查介词。

句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。

故填with。

4.（2023年浙江卷1月）Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic events.【答案】as【详解】考查介词。

句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。

专题二代词(一)语法讲练——过学问关要点一人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1.人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应留意以下两种状况：①作主语的人称代词假如孤立地运用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。

—Susan ，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.—Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.——苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。

——为什么我去？约翰坐在那里什么也没做。

(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最终，排列依次为：二三一(人称)。

宾格me也一样。

You, she and I willl be in charge of the case.我、你和她三人将负责这个案件。

2．物主代词(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词。

置于名词之前，作定语。

(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词，在句中作主语、表语、宾语或与of连用作定语。

I am an admirer of yours.我是你的粉丝。

3．反身代词含有反身代词的习惯用语devote oneself to 致力于dress oneself 自己穿衣enjoy oneself 玩得兴奋help oneself to 随意吃，随意用hide oneself 把自己藏起来make oneself at home 不受拘束say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下teach oneself 自学come to oneself 复原知觉behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌apply oneself to 致力于by oneself 独自地of oneself 自动地[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive.[解析] 考查代词。

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题二：代词代词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考考点。

《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题（完形填空）考查的是代词whoever、whatever、whichever 与whenever的辨析；第63题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法；第78题（短文改错）考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析，第80题（短文改错）考查的是your与our的辨析。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题（完形填空）考查的是代词each，another，this与that 的辨析；第68题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法（给出代词it，根据题意须将其变为its）；第71题（短文改错）考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析；第79题（短文改错）考查的是our与his的辨析。

2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。

I.代词种类：II.人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表：III.不定代词用法注意点：1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。

some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。

Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。

专题02 代词和介词【考向解读】代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类。

在单项填空考查中主要考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词以与it的特殊用法、代词的辨析、代词与否认词构成的否认与半否认等。

对介词的考查主要集中在介词的根本用法上，最常见的是介词短语的考查与介词的固定搭配。

【命题热点突破一】人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和反身代词例1、Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.A．these B．someC．ones D．those答案：D1．在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。

—Glad to meet you.——很高兴见到你。

—Me，too.——我也是。

—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.——这个周末我想去爬山。

—Me，too.——我也想去。

2．形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。

名词性物主代词通常在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、宾语和表语。

名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前。

We took our fishing pole and headed for the lake.我们带上鱼竿朝湖走去。

This camera is mine and that is yours.这部相机是我的，那个是你的。

3．反身代词的用法：(1)反身代词可以在be，feel，look，seem 等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态。

She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。

(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语：①介词＋反身代词：by oneself单独地，独自地；for oneself亲自，为自己②动词＋反身代词：devote oneself to 致力于；apply oneself to 专心致志于；enjoy oneself 过得愉快;help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；make yourself at home 不拘束；seat oneself 坐下；behave oneself 举止得体； come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来；adapt/adjust oneself to适应于；abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于；express oneself 表达某人的思想；lose oneself in(＝be lost in迷失)；say to oneself心里想；talk to oneself自言自语4．指示代词常见用法有：指上文提到的事，一般用that或 those；指下文或将要提到的事物，常用this或these。

专题02 代词、介词和介词短语养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

考点01 代词1.（2024年浙江卷1月·语法填空）Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.2.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）This area, with _______ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.3.（2023年全国甲卷改错）In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed we insects on stamps.4.（2023年全国乙卷改错）Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.5.（2022年北京卷语法填空）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.考点02 介词和短语1.（2024年新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route .2.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways _______Romeo and Juliet. "3.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.4.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment.5.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.6.（2023年全国乙卷改错）Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.7.（2023年全国甲卷改错）Now, I’ve come to love those of small living things.8. （2023年新高考I卷语法填空）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _______ hand rather than rolled.9. （2023年新高考I卷语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________(they) contents.10.（2023年新高考II卷语法填空）And who do they speak English ________?11.（2023年浙江卷1月语法填空）Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.12.（2022年浙江卷6月语法填空）Lu Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ________ age seven.13.（2022年新高考I卷语法填空）Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.14.（2022年北京卷语法填空）Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

代词和不定代词1. We thought ______necessary to invite Professor Smith to give us a lecture on how to learn English.A. thatB. itC. thisD. him2. ______ is of vital importance that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage.A. It, doB. What, didC. That, should doD. Whether, will do3. The exact date hasn't been decided. We'll have to wait for_________ week.A. otherB. othersC. the otherD. another4. — I saw no more than one motor-car in that shop. Will you go and buy _____?—No, I’d rather find _____ in other shops.A. one, oneB. it; itC. one; itD. it; one5. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. neither6. __________ is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.A Such B. That C. So D. What7. Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit; without _______ we cannot flower and grow.A. themB. itC. thatD. which8. I hate ____when people shout loudly in public.A. itB. theseC. themD. that9. The British Prime Minister was forced to make an important decision. ___________many would refuse to accept.A. thatB. the oneC. oneD. those10. Among the ashes were not the bones of a beast, but ________ of a bird.A. onesB. thatC. thoseD. what11. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from in England.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one12. To her joy, Della first earned the trust of her students and then _____ of her colleagues.A. oneB. thatC. onesD. those13. Don’t take _____ for granted that he will keep his promise.A. oneB. itC. thisD. that14. It is known to all that there is ______ as a free lunch.A. no such a thingB. no such thingC. such no thingD. no such things15. The carbon we produce when we breathe is much less than ______ produced by a car.A. itB. oneC. thatD. which16. ----It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?----Yes. I appreciate _____ when the weather is like this. Why don’t we sit outside and have our lunch?A. thisB. thatC. itD. one17. _______is no need for you to come if you don’t want to.A. ItB. ThereC. ThatD. This18. We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. anyoneC. whoeverD. whomever19. Behind this shop lies a nonprofit organization, ____helping survivors of drug and alcohol addiction, violence and other horrible experiences.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. which20. We have many summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____ based on your own interest.A. themB. eachC. oneD. it代词和不定代词1. We thought ______necessary to invite Professor Smith to give us a lecture on how to learn English.A. thatB. itC. thisD. him【答案解析】B【详解】考查形式宾语。

高考语法复习 2 代词【走进高考】1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。

句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。

空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。

“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。

“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。

故选B。

2.【2016·浙江】In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it【答案】A【解析】考查代词。

句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。

指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。

This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。

故选A。

3.【2016·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming yearsA. little moreB. no moreC. much moreD. many more【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。

句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。

A.没有这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D. many more更多（修饰可数名词）。

专题二| 代词、介词[代词]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·山东高考)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine (they) living at a different time in history.答案：themselves句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期。

此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。

故填themselves。

2．Jenny, the new comer, has earned not only the trust of her classmates but also of teachers.答案：that此处用代词that指代the trust。

that指代同名异物，表示特指。

句意：珍妮是新来的，她不仅赢得了同学的信任也赢得了老师的信任。

3．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ，knives and forks.答案：others some ... and/while others ...表示“一些……，另一些……”。

在本句中，others意为“其他的国家”。

句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。

4．—Which T­shirt do you prefer? Blue or green?—will be OK. I don't care.答案：Either根据题干中“Blue or green？”可知，本题强调从两者中进行选择；根据“I don't care.”可知，此处强调两者中的任何一个都可以。

either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”。

⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯第二集语法填空核心考点考点打破——代词——高考考察的要点【考向聚焦】在句顶用来取代名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。

代词能够在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。

近 3 年来，高考要点考察不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的 50%左右，其次是 it 的用法和代替词。

试题的设计着重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子构造联系起来选出正确的代词。

所以，做题时要在娴熟掌握各种代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子构造的联合，只靠死背语法是很难见效的。

对应学生用书P5用适合的代词填空1．(2013?辽宁， 29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then________ of her colleagues.分析句意： Della 先博得了学生的相信，而后博得了同事的相信。

此处用于替代不可以数名词trust，故用 that。

假如取代可数复数名词用 those或 the ones。

答案 that2．(2013?江西，23)________ can be good at something for 40 years if hedoesn't love it.分析句意：假如他不喜爱的话，不可以能会有人 40 年善于一件事情。

nobody意为“没有人”。

答案 Nobody3．(2013?山东， 21)I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like ________ ofthem very much.分析句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不喜爱。

短语not...either＝neither(二者都不 )。

答案 either4．(2013?陕西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for year，sshe lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.分析句意：固然 Rosemary这些年患上了一种严重的疾病，但是她并没丧失对生活的热忱。

易错点1 单个介词的误用1.（2017·北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living ___________ fishing industry.A. atB. inC. onD. by【错因分析】本题学生易误选C项或D项。

很多学生不仔细看题，就认为本题是考查make a living on (doing) sth. 以……为生/谋生，直接选C项；也有学生会误以为本题考查by(以……方式，借助……手段)而误选D。

【试题解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。

此处用介词in，不用by，因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。

【正确答案】B常见介词的基本用法介词在英语中的使用很广泛，也是高考中的重点，正确使用介词是很重要的，下面归类讲述一些重点介词的用法：一、表示时间的介词1. in，on，at，over(1)in表示在一段时间之内。

通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如：in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in one’s thirties，in the morning等。

(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。

如：on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。

(3)at表示在一个时间点上。

指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。

如：at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。

(4)over后面接一段时间，表示＂超过……＂或＂在……期间＂。

(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前通常不用介词。