Twain

marktwain生平简介英文马克·吐温，美国作家、演说家，美国批判现实主义集大成者文学的奠基人，下面是范文大全给大家整理的mark twain 生平简介英文，供大家参阅!mark twain 简介Mark Twain, American writer, orator, the real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens. "Mark Twain" is his pen name, which was originally used by the Mississippi sailors to indicate the depth of water measured on the fairway. Representative works are novels "million pounds", "Huckleberry Fein adventure", "Tom Sawyer Adventures" and so on.Mark Twain at the age of 12, his father died, he had to stop, to the factory as a small worker Later he changed a lot of occupation, had done the Mississippi River navigator, miners and journalists work. Gradually began to write some interesting pieces, began his own writing career. He died on April 21, 1910, and was buried in Emma, New York.Mark Twain wrote a large number of works, themes related to novels, scripts, prose, poetry and other aspects. From the content, his works criticize the irrational phenomenon or the ugliness of human nature, expressed the right of the workers and sailors who have a strong sense of justice and the concern of ordinary people; from the style that the experts And the average reader thinks that humor and satire are his writing features. He experienced the United States from the initial capitalist to the development ofimperialism, its ideas and creation also showed from the joking to the spicy satire and then pessimistic stage of development, early to spicy irony, to the late language is more exposed TheMark Twain is the founder of American critique of realism literature, and his main works have mostly Chinese translations. In 20xx, Mark Twain was rated by the authoritative journal of the United States, "Atlantic Monthly" as the impact of the United States 100 characters 16mark twain 人物经历November 30, 1835, Mark Twain was born in the United States, Missouri, Florida, rural poor lawyers family. He is the sixth of seven children in the family. His father is a local lawyer, income is meager, family constraints. Mark Twain had to work while attending school. He died at the age of eleven years, and from then on he began an independent labor life, first in the printing plant as an apprentice, served as dispatchers and typists, and later on the Mississippi River as a sailor and helmsman.In the autumn of 1839, Mark Twain moved to a port of the Mississippi River in Hannibal, Missouri, which became his later book "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "The Curse of Juveniles" St. Petersburg city inspired. At that time, Missouri was the federal slave state, and the young Twain began to understand slavery, which became the subject of his later adventures. Mark Twain is a color blind, which aroused his humorous jokes in social circles.March 24, 1847 Mark Twain's father John Clemens died of pneumonia. In 1847, the family of the young Mark Twain began to do the printing apprentice, newsboy, typist workers, sailors, gold rush workers, journalists and so on.In 1851, Mark Twain became a typist worker, and also contributed, and began to his brother Oliver founded the "Hannibal magazine" (Hannibal Journal) to write a draft.May 1, 1852 in Boston's humorous weekly "handbag" published his debut "the colonists surprised the playboy."In 1858, Mark Twain returned to Missouri. In the next Mississippi River to New Orleans on the road, the ship's navigator "Bisi than" to Twain life as a ship navigator.In 1861 Oulai Si was sent by President Lincoln to the Western Nevada government as secretary, he went with, trying to operate in the wood industry and mining wealth, are unsuccessful, then turn to write articles for a living. 1862 worked in a newspaper in the city of Virginia in Nevada.In 1863, began using the "Mark Twain" pen name.In 1864, in San Francisco met humor writer Ah Ward and novelist Bu Hart, get their encouragement and help, improve the writing skills.1865 in a New York magazine published a humorous story "Caravelas County famous jump frog", so that he is famous throughout the country. Afterwards often write humorous articles for the press.1866 to Hawaii Island interview.In 1867, a local newspaper provided a boat trip to the Mediterranean region. During his journey to Europe and the Middle East, he wrote a series of famous travel letters "fool travels" that were collected in 1869. In the meantime, he met Charles Langdon and saw the picture of Langdon sister Olivia Langdon, and Twain loved her at first sight.In 1870 Mark Twain married New York a daughter of the capitalist, Olivia Langdon. Married living in Buffalo, their own editor issued "Express", a year after the loss of money due to excessive transfer.Published in 1872 "hard years" a book, reflecting his new development in the western region of the life experience, which recorded some anecdotes, especially the rich characteristics of the western United States humorous story.In 1873 he and Charles Werner co-wrote the "gold-plated era", is his first novel.In 1871 Mark Twain moved his family to Hartford, Connecticut, where he became a famous writer and a humorous speaker. After a few years is his harvest of the harvest era.In 1875 Mark Twain wrote about William Dean Howells, author of the Atlantic Monthly. He wrote seven articles in the early years on the Mississippi River as the subject of the helmsman, and wrote a book, "The Past of the Mississippi River." Eight years later, he returned to his hometown, expanding the book into the "Mississippi River" (1883).In 1876, the novel "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" was published. Although it is a small town on the Mississippi River as a background of the juvenile reading, but for anyage readers love. The book of naughty Tom and his partner Huckleberry Finn and Tom's girlfriend Baker's Thatcher's many stories, many of the author's personal experience, there are many children's psychological interesting plot.In 1876 Mark Twain's other important novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, began writing in 1884. This novel has been highly praised by critics, by domestic and foreign readersOf the welcome, but also continue to be banned.In 1889 Mark Twain published the "Connecticut American Americans" on the "King Arthur's court," and the "prince and the poor" (1881) were satirical feudal and religious novels based on the British as the background.In 1894, Mark Twain wrote "The Fool Wilson", which shaped the image of a struggling female niggarox. Before and after this family, his family was unfortunate: two daughters died of illness, his wife's health also deteriorated; he invested in the manufacture of automatic typewriter failure and bankruptcy. In order to pay off his debts, he traveled to Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, India and South America.1896 published "Joan of Arc", it describes the 15th century French national hero hero Joan of Arc's life.1897 was written as "equatorial travel", which satirizes and condemns the imperialist oppression of the colonial people, against imperialism as the central idea of his subsequent creation.In 1898 Mark Twain paid off all the debts.In October 1900, after nearly ten years of leaving the United States living in Europe, he and his family returned to the United States, warmly welcomed and became the leader of the literary and art circles.After 1900, many of the works published, the edge has not yet cut.In 1904, his wife died in Italy. Mark Twain entered the final stage of the career. His early works such as "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" have already expressed pessimism about "mankind" (indeed for the proletariat), and at this time became the subject of some of his works. (1906), the story of "mysterious visitor" (1916) and so on are reflected in the novella "Destroyed Hadley Fort" (1900), prose "how is it?" The most important work of his later years is his dictation, by his secretary transcribed "autobiography".April 21, 1910 Mark Twainin died of narrow heart disease.。

关于马克吐温的英文作文_高一满分英语作文5篇高分英语作文1：Mark Twain Mark Twain is a famous American writer. He wrote many stories, many of which are interesting. In addition to writing, he also loved hunting and fishing, so one year he went to Maine for a holiday and spent three very happy weeks in the woods there.At that time, he had to go home. He drove to the station with his luggage, and asked a porter to put his luggage into the train station. Then he got into the smoking car and sat down in a comfortable seat It was empty, but a few minutes later, another man came in and sat in the seat opposite him.Mark Twain looked at the man and thought that he looked very unhappy, but in that case it was impolite to say nothing, so he said good morning to the man, and they began to talk. They talked about the weather, then about Maine, and the stranger said, "we have some beautiful forests in Maine. It would be a pity to come to Maine without staying there for a while.I think you have been to our forest, haven't you?" "Yes, I have," replied Mark Twain. "I've been there for three weeks, and I've had a good time. Let me tell you one thing. Although fishing is not allowed in Maine this season, I have two hundred pounds of beautiful fish in my luggage. I like to eat fish, so I took it home in ice. Who are you, sir?" The stranger looked at Mark Twain for a few seconds and then replied, "I'm a policeman.My job is to catch people who hunt and fish in the wrong season. Who are you?" Mark Twain was surprised and frightened to hear that. He thought quickly, and then replied, "well, sir, I'm the most liar in America.".中文翻译：马克·吐温是一位著名的作家，他写了许多故事，其中许多是有趣的故事。

TWAIN协议协议名称：TWAIN协议一、背景和目的1.1 背景TWAIN（Technology Without An Interesting Name）协议是一种用于图象扫描仪和计算机之间进行通信的标准协议。

该协议最初由美国的一家软件公司开辟，旨在实现不同品牌和型号的扫描仪与计算机之间的互操作性。

1.2 目的本协议的目的是为了确保不同厂商生产的扫描仪和计算机能够在软件应用程序中无缝地进行通信和数据交换。

通过遵循TWAIN协议，用户可以方便地使用各种图象扫描仪，并在不同的软件应用程序中共享扫描数据。

二、定义和术语2.1 定义2.1.1 扫描仪（Scanner）：指用于将纸质文档或者图象转换为数字格式的设备。

2.1.2 主机计算机（Host Computer）：指安装了扫描仪驱动程序和扫描软件的计算机。

2.1.3 应用程序（Application）：指通过TWAIN协议与扫描仪进行通信的软件程序。

2.2 术语2.2.1 数据源（Data Source）：指扫描仪的驱动程序，负责控制扫描仪的操作。

2.2.2 图象扫描（Image Scanning）：指将纸质文档或者图象转换为数字格式的过程。

2.2.3 扫描设置（Scan Settings）：指用户在扫描过程中可以配置的参数，如分辨率、色采模式等。

三、协议规范3.1 设备识别和连接3.1.1 扫描仪厂商应提供符合TWAIN协议的驱动程序，以支持与主机计算机的连接和通信。

3.1.2 主机计算机应具备TWAIN协议兼容的扫描软件，以实现与扫描仪的连接和数据交换。

3.2 扫描过程3.2.1 主机计算机通过TWAIN协议与扫描仪建立连接。

3.2.2 主机计算机向扫描仪发送扫描请求，并指定相应的扫描设置。

3.2.3 扫描仪接收到扫描请求后，根据指定的扫描设置开始扫描过程。

3.2.4 扫描仪将扫描得到的图象数据传输给主机计算机。

3.2.5 主机计算机接收到图象数据后，将其保存或者传递给相应的应用程序。

TWAIN协议一、引言1.1 目的本协议旨在规范图像扫描设备与计算机之间的通信接口，确保设备的互操作性，便于图像数据的传输和处理。

1.2 范围本协议适用于使用TWAIN（Technology Without An Interesting Name）接口的图像扫描设备和计算机之间的通信。

二、定义2.1 TWAINTWAIN是一种开放的软硬件接口标准，用于图像扫描设备与计算机之间的通信和数据传输。

2.2 图像扫描设备指能够将纸质或透明介质上的图像转换为数字形式的设备，如扫描仪、数码相机等。

2.3 数据源指提供图像扫描设备的硬件或软件模块，用于控制设备和获取图像数据。

三、协议规范3.1 设备接入3.1.1 计算机应具备标准的TWAIN驱动程序，以支持图像扫描设备的接入。

3.1.2 图像扫描设备应提供符合TWAIN接口规范的驱动程序，以便与计算机进行通信。

3.2 数据传输3.2.1 设备通过TWAIN接口向计算机传输图像数据，数据格式应符合TWAIN 规范要求。

3.2.2 图像数据应以高质量、高效率的方式传输，以确保数据完整性和传输速度。

3.3 功能支持3.3.1 图像扫描设备应支持TWAIN规范中定义的基本功能，如图像采集、图像处理等。

3.3.2 设备可根据需求支持扩展功能，如自动文档进给、双面扫描等。

3.4 错误处理3.4.1 设备和计算机应能够处理通信中的错误情况，包括但不限于传输错误、设备故障等。

3.4.2 在发生错误时，设备和计算机应能够给出相应的错误提示和处理建议。

四、数据格式4.1 图像数据格式4.1.1 图像数据应以标准的位图格式进行存储，如BMP、JPEG、PNG等。

4.1.2 图像数据的分辨率、色彩模式等应符合TWAIN规范中的要求。

4.2 元数据格式4.2.1 图像数据应包含相应的元数据，如图像大小、拍摄时间、设备信息等。

4.2.2 元数据应以标准的格式进行存储，如Exif、IPTC等。

TWAIN协议协议名称：TWAIN协议一、引言本协议旨在规范图像设备和计算机之间的通信，确保数据的准确传输和处理。

该协议适用于支持图像扫描和获取功能的设备和应用程序。

二、定义1. TWAIN：指“技术无关的图像获取接口”（Technology Without An Interesting Name），是一种用于图像设备和计算机之间通信的标准接口。

2. 图像设备：指支持扫描、拍摄或其他方式获取图像的硬件设备，如扫描仪、相机等。

3. 应用程序：指用于图像处理和管理的软件程序，如图像编辑器、文档管理系统等。

三、协议规范1. 设备识别1.1 设备应支持自动识别和连接。

1.2 设备应提供唯一的设备标识符，用于与应用程序进行通信。

1.3 设备应提供设备信息查询接口，包括设备名称、制造商、型号等信息。

2. 图像获取2.1 设备应支持图像获取功能，包括扫描、拍摄等方式。

2.2 设备应提供设置图像参数的接口，如分辨率、色彩模式、亮度等。

2.3 设备应提供图像传输接口，确保图像数据的准确传输和处理。

2.4 设备应支持多页文档的扫描和获取。

3. 数据格式3.1 设备应支持常见的图像数据格式，如JPEG、TIFF等。

3.2 设备应提供图像数据格式的转换接口，以满足应用程序的需求。

4. 错误处理4.1 设备应提供错误处理机制，包括错误码、错误信息等。

4.2 设备应支持错误恢复和重试机制，确保数据的完整性和可靠性。

5. 安全性5.1 设备应支持数据加密和传输的安全机制，以保护用户数据的隐私和安全。

5.2 设备应提供访问控制机制，限制未授权访问和操作。

6. 兼容性6.1 设备应遵循TWAIN协议的版本规范，确保与其他兼容设备和应用程序的互操作性。

6.2 设备应提供兼容性测试接口，用于验证设备的兼容性。

四、协议实施1. 设备实施1.1 设备制造商应按照TWAIN协议规范进行设备的设计和开发。

1.2 设备制造商应提供设备驱动程序，确保设备与计算机的正常通信和操作。

TWAIN协议协议名称：TWAIN协议一、协议目的本协议旨在规范图象设备和软件应用程序之间的通信方式，确保数据的可靠传输和互操作性。

二、协议范围本协议适合于支持TWAIN（技术无关的图象采集接口）的图象设备和软件应用程序。

三、定义和缩写1. TWAIN：Technology Without An Interesting Name（技术无关的图象采集接口）2. 图象设备：指支持TWAIN接口的扫描仪、摄像头或者其他相关设备。

3. 软件应用程序：指支持TWAIN接口的图象处理软件或者其他相关应用程序。

四、协议要求1. 设备接口要求a. 图象设备应支持TWAIN协议的最新版本。

b. 设备应提供标准的设备驱动程序，以便软件应用程序能够与之进行通信。

c. 设备应提供必要的功能和参数设置，以满足软件应用程序的需求。

d. 设备应提供错误处理机制，以便及时报告和处理通信或者硬件故障。

2. 软件应用程序要求a. 软件应用程序应支持TWAIN协议的最新版本。

b. 软件应提供用户友好的界面，以便用户能够方便地操作图象设备。

c. 软件应提供图象采集、编辑、存储和分享等基本功能。

d. 软件应提供高效的图象处理算法，以确保图象质量和处理速度的平衡。

e. 软件应提供错误处理机制，以便及时报告和处理通信或者软件故障。

3. 通信要求a. 图象设备和软件应用程序之间的通信应基于标准的TWAIN接口。

b. 通信过程中的数据传输应采用可靠的协议，以确保数据的完整性和安全性。

c. 通信过程中的错误和异常情况应及时报告和处理，以保证通信的稳定性和可靠性。

4. 数据格式要求a. 图象设备和软件应用程序之间传输的图象数据应采用标准的图象格式，如JPEG、PNG等。

b. 图象数据应具有一致的色采空间和分辨率，以便软件应用程序能够正确处理和显示图象。

c. 图象数据的压缩率和质量应根据具体需求进行设置，以平衡存储空间和图象质量之间的关系。

五、协议实施1. 设备厂商应按照TWAIN协议的要求，开辟和生产符合标准的图象设备和驱动程序。

TWAIN协议一、引言本协议旨在规范图像设备和计算机之间的通信，确保数据的准确传输和图像设备的兼容性。

本协议适用于所有支持TWAIN（技术无关的Windows扫描器接口）的图像设备和应用程序。

二、定义1. 图像设备：指任何能够捕捉、存储和传输图像数据的设备，包括扫描仪、数码相机等。

2. 应用程序：指任何能够接收和处理图像数据的计算机程序，包括图像编辑软件、OCR软件等。

三、协议规范1. 设备驱动程序a. 图像设备应提供符合TWAIN标准的驱动程序，以实现与应用程序的通信。

b. 驱动程序应支持常见的图像格式，如JPEG、TIFF等，并提供相应的编码和解码功能。

c. 驱动程序应提供用户界面，以便用户进行设备设置和图像参数调整。

2. 数据传输a. 图像设备和应用程序之间的数据传输应通过TWAIN接口进行。

b. 图像设备应提供数据传输的可靠性和稳定性，确保数据的完整性和准确性。

c. 应用程序应提供数据接收和处理的能力，支持多种图像格式和数据压缩方式。

3. 功能要求a. 图像设备应提供基本的扫描功能，如扫描分辨率、颜色模式、亮度调节等。

b. 图像设备应支持自动文档进给器（ADF）功能，以提高扫描效率。

c. 图像设备应支持双面扫描功能，以满足不同应用场景的需求。

d. 图像设备应支持图像预览功能，以便用户在扫描前进行预览和调整。

4. 安全性要求a. 图像设备和应用程序之间的通信应采用安全的加密协议，以保护数据的机密性和完整性。

b. 图像设备应支持用户身份验证和访问控制机制，确保只有授权用户可以进行扫描操作。

c. 应用程序应提供数据的安全存储和传输功能，防止数据被未授权的第三方获取和篡改。

四、测试和验证1. 图像设备应通过TWAIN兼容性测试，确保其符合TWAIN标准的要求。

2. 应用程序应通过TWAIN兼容性测试，确保其能够与符合TWAIN标准的图像设备进行正常通信。

3. 图像设备和应用程序的生产商应提供相应的测试和验证报告，以证明其产品的兼容性和稳定性。

TWAIN 操作教程2009-01-27 16:28一、TWAIN的文件组成TWAIN共包括4个二进制文件。

如果要使用该接口，就必须要保证他们被成功地安装在本地计算机上。

文件名说明TWAIN_32.DLL32位应用程序的支持文件，32位程序使用TW AIN通讯必须使用该文件。

TWAIN.DLL16位应用程序的支持文件，16位程序使用TW AIN通讯必须使用该文件。

TWUNKER_32.EXE实现32位应用程序与32位数据源进行通讯，它运行时不可见。

TWUNKER_16.EXE实现32位应用程序与16位数据源进行通讯，它运行时不可见。

注意：在Windows NT 环境下16位数据源不能够正常工作。

在Windows 操作系统中(Windows 9x / 2000 / XP )，Microsoft已经把这些文件作为系统文件随同操作系统一起发布了。

你可以在Windows安装目录中查找到这些文件。

如果我们要编程来实现对TW AIN的访问，还需要最重要的头文件。

你通过访问该/devfiles/twain.h 地址来获得TW AIN提供的头文件。

二、TWAIN的结构TWAIN依靠三个组件协同完成与图像设备的通讯和数据传输工作，这三个组件就是Application、Source Manager和Source。

组件说明Application就是你要编写的应用程序。

Source Manager是由TW AIN提供的一个Source的管理器，它不仅可以收集本地系统已经安装了的图像设备，还可以根据需要去加载设备。

同时，它最重要的功能是担任Application 与Source通讯的桥梁。

（其实，它就是我们前面提到的组成文件中的dll文件。

）Source在这里可以看作是图像设备。

事实上它是由设备厂家提供的一个dll文件。

这个dll文件是支持twain接口的。

(该文不讨论关于twain在Source中的应用。

)它们的层次结构图如下：从该图我们可以看到，Application要从Source获得图像数据，必须通过Source Manager传递来实现。