Chapter-3 分治策略-习题

某某牛津9A Chapter 3 同步验收练习题Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar (第二部分词汇和语法)V. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)（共26分）31. I want to borrow a book _________ science.A. aboutB. onC. forD. in32. A desk ________ wood.A. makes fromB. is made fromC. is made ofD. is made up of33. Jim, take this coat _______ you. It’s cold outside.A. withB. afterC. onD. for34. Some animals can see clearly in the __________.A. darkB. dayC. blackD. darkness35. Lucy ________ to the post office. She’ll be back soon.A. has beenB. has goneC. have beenD. have gone36. After a battle, he was the only soldier ________.A. liveB. livelyC. livingD. alive37. He hasn’t finished the work _________.A. everB. neverC. yetD. already38. We bought five apples _________.A. onceB. at onceC. at oneD. at a time39. Tom went upstairs again to _________ the door was locked.A. be sureB. make sureC. surelyD. be sure of40. We have known each other _________ he came here.A. sinceB. forC. whenD. so41. They all have been to the Great Wall _________ Mr Johnson.A. andB. includingC. togetherD. so42. My uncle succeed ________ a garden.A. with runningB. in havingC. in runningD. with43. There is _________ any tea in the cup, is there?A. almostB. veryC. tooD. hardly44. We can finish the work in a day, so we ________ any help.A. shall needB. needC. needn’tD. don’t need45. Jim’s suit fitted him well _________ a little brighter color.A. besidesB. except forC. besideD. excepts46. My mother has been ill. She hasn’t eaten anything for ________.A. two o’clockB. two daysC. two yearsD. no time47. Haven’t we seen ________?A. agoB. afterC. beforeD. already48. Our football team ________ theirs many times.A. beatB. beated C, has beat D. has beaten49. After winning the game, they ________in the square.A. celebratedB. capturedC. seizedD. succeeded50. ---How long have you _________from Japan?---For two months.A. e backB. returnedC. got backD. been back51. ---What a nice watch! How long _______ you _______ it?---Just two weeks.A. have, boughtB. will, buyC. did, buyD. have, had52. The house _______ two years ago, but it looks quite old now.A. builtB. was builtC. buildsD. is built53. It ______ me about ten yuan to go to work by taxi every day.A. takesB. spendsC. costsD. pays54. I am glad that I have learned at least 5 English songslast month.A. byB. beforeC. sinceD. until55. ---Is this T-shirt Jim’s?---No, ithis. His is much smaller.A. can’t beB. mustn’t beC. may beD. should be56. ---Which one can I take?---Oh, you can take______ of them. I’ll keep none.A. bothB. allC. anyD. eitherVI. plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共8分）57．Look, this is a ________( wood) clock. I have never seen this clock before.58. The thief _________( quiet) open the door and came into the room and stole a lot of things.59. They went away into the mountains in the _______( dark).60. he is Chinese by birth but he is now a Japanese ________( city).61. We should never talk to the old people ________( rough).62. Is your grandfather _______( live) now?63. He spent many years ________( learn) English. And he didn’t learn it well.64．Some ________( frighten) children ran out of the classroom.VII. Rewrite the following sentences as required (根据所给要求，改写下列句子，每空格限填一词)（共12分）65．I’ll wait for her for one more hour.(改为同义句)I’ll wait for her for _________ _________.66. The box is too heavy for me to carry. (改为同义句)The box is ________ heavy __________ I ___________ carry it.67. When will he return from Shanghai? (改为同义句)When will he _________ ________ from Shanghai?68. He has to finish the work on time. (改为否定句)He ______ ________ to finish the work on time.69. I borrowed a book from Lucy. It was newly published. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句)The book _______ I borrowed from Lucy _______ newly published.70．Our teacher asked us to sweep the floor yesterday afternoon.(改为被动语态) ________ _________ _________ to sweep the floor yesterday afternoon.Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读写)VIII. Reading prehension (阅读理解) (共56分)A. True or False (判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示)（7分）An earthquake(地震) may happen at any time. It's best for us to know what to do, where to be safe and who to contact during the earthquake. The following information will help you. Remember: Prepare your personal earthquake bag. Collect these items and keep them somewhere near you. Water, food, medicine, mobile phone, torch (手电筒), personal washing things,blanket ,money .Remember: Drop, Hide, Hold and Contact.Drop to the floor and protect your head and neck with your arms.Hide yourself beside something like a table, a bed and so on.Hold the furniture so that you won't move away during the earthquake.Contact family friends to tell them where you are.Remember: Never do these things.Stand close to the buildings ( because they may fall on you. )Stand under the trees or signs ( because it's better for you to stand in an open space. )Go too close to the power lines (电线) ( because you may be badly hurt by electricity. )71.This passage tells us the earthquake.72. the underlined word "contact" in the passage most probably means "求救" in Chinese.73. According to the passage, we should keep six things in our personal earthquake bag.74. We should hold the furniture so that it can’t hit you during the earthquake75. It is safer for you to stand in an open place during the earthquake.76. You should contact your family and tell where you are.77. We can’t close to the power lines when the earthquake happens.B. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)（7分）Mr Read lived in a city. He wrote a lot of novels and the young men like to read them. And he was often visited. It took him much time to meet them. Some visitors talked much with him and at last he was tired of it. He told his servant (佣人) to stop the strangers from disturbing him.One morning he was writing a novel while the door was knocked at. He hoped to finish writing it as soon as possible and had no time to meet anybody. He told the servant he did not want to be disturbed . The girl opened the door and found it was Mr Baker, one of Mr Read’s old fr iends. “Is Mr Read at home, Mabel?” asked Mr Baker.She wanted to let him in but suddenly remembered what she was told.“Sorry, Mr Baker,” said the girl. “He’s gone out.”“Where has he gone?”“I don’t know.”“When will he e back?”“Sorry, he didn’t tell me about it.”Mr Baker had to leave. That afternoon Mr Read finished his novel and wanted to apologize (道歉) to his friend. He got there and shouted, “Is Mr Baker in?”Mr Baker knew it was his friend. He remembered what happened that morning. He didn’t open t he door and answered, “Sorry, I’m not in.”“I’ve heard it’s you, Mr Baker.”“I believed your servant this morning,” said Mr Baker. “But you don’t believe your friend now.”78. Most of Mr Read’s vsitors were ________.A. girlsB. young menC. servantsD. book-sellers79. One morning Mr Read asked his servant ________.A. to stop talking with himB. to meet his friendC. to keep the strangers outsideD. not to disturb him80. Who knocked at the door while Mr Read was writing his novel?A. Mabel.B. A stranger.C. Mr Baker and a girl.D. One of Mr Read’s friend.81. Why did Mr Read refuse the strangers to meet him? ________A. He was new hereB. He didn’t want to see themC. He didn’t want them to interupt himD. He was writing his novel82. Did the girl tell Mr Baker the truth? __________A. No, she didn’tB. Yes, she didC. I don’t knowD. No, she did83. From the story we know that ________.A.the servant didn’t know Mr BakerB. Mabel did what she was told to doC. Mr Read was out that morningD. Mr Read never told his servant when to e back84. Which of the following is not true?A. Mr Read often met his readers at home.B. Mr Read went to see his old friend in the afternoon.C. Mr Baker got angery with his friend.D. Mr Read believed his servant, but not his friend.C. Choose the words or expressions and plete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)：（14分）Life is ____85____ the four seasons. Now I am very old, but when I was young, it was the spring of my life. After I was born, I played a lot and ___86____I started school. I learned many new things. Like a flower, I grew ___87_____ every day. There were happy days and sorrowful days.In my twenties and thirties, I had a good job. I was strong and happy. Then I married and had a child. In those days, I didn’t have much time ____88_____. Every day, I was busy and worked very hard. And so, I started to get some white hairs. The summer of my life passed quickly.Then the days got shorter. Leaves fell from the trees. My child was a university student, and then an engineer. My home was ___89____ quieter. I started walking more slowly. One day I stopped ___90____. I had more time. I understood this was my autumn, a beautiful time when the trees change color and give us delicious fruits.But the days kept __91__ shorter and colder. Winter has e. I am older and weaker. I know I do not have many days left, but I will __92__ them to the end.85. A. like B. likes C. liking D. to like86. A. so B. then C. but D. and87. A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest88. A. think B. to think C. thought D. thinking89. A. more B. many C. much D. most90. A. work B. to work C. worked D. working91. A. get B. to get C. got D. getting92. A. enjoy B. like C. own D. buyD. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)：（14分）Your rights at home and at schoolGrown-ups are always telling kids w_____(93) to do. Do you listen to them? Usually they know what is best for you, but sometimes they can be wrong.So, China has a special law to k______( 94) people under 18 safe. It is called the Underage Protection Law（《未成年人保护法》）。

第三章练习题I. Define the following terms (名词解释) ：1. Manifest Destiny 3. Sustainable development2. Roosevelt Corollary 4. Monroe DoctrineII. Multiple Choice Questions (单项选择)：1.___________ can be defined as a society's accepted basis for responding to external andinternal events.A. GeographyB. CultureC. Social classD. HistoryE. A national mission2. A society's accepted basis for responding to external and internal events is associated withwhich of the following terms?A. GeographyB. CultureC. Social classD. HistoryE. A national mission3.In 1700s the British colonies in North America complained about two important issues: 1)__________ and 2) __________.A. the poor British military defense of the colonies (against native American raids), the highBritish taxes on consumer goodsB. the prohibition of trade with merchants in Japan, the imposition of high British postageratesC. the threat of higher British taxes, the imposition of British military draft on the coloniesD. the prohibition to trade directly with merchants in other nations, the restrictions on returntravel to BritainE. the imposition of high British taxes, the prohibition to trade directly with merchants inChina4.It is necessary to study a country's __________ and __________ to appreciate andunderstand that country's view of foreign cultures.A. attitudes, geographyB. language, customsC. government, stabilityD. culture, historyE. behavior, language5.History helps define a nation's:A. mission.B. personality.C. wealth.D. birth rates.E. geography.6.History helps define a nation's perspective of all of the following EXCEPT:A. the nation's mission.B. how the nation perceives its neighbors.C. how the nation sees its place in the world.D. how the nation sees itself.E. how the nation manages its exports.7.Priscilla Jackson is a noted historian of the feminist movement and believes that she writesobjective facts about what she sees. However, like most historians, she is probably guilty of filtering events through her own ___________ biases.A. classB. socialC. culturalD. physicalE. dimension8.All of the following were used by the United States to expand westward toward the Pacificin the 1800s EXCEPT:A. financial deals.B. negotiated settlements.C. forcible annexations.D. WTO rulingsE. Manifest Destiny.9.Manifest Destiny and ______________ were accepted as the basis for U.S. foreign policyduring much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.A. the "big stick" approachB. the Monroe DoctrineC. the Hays CorollaryD. the Grant MandateE. Latin American Security Treaty10.Theodore Roosevelt applied the Monroe Doctrine with an extension that became known asthe:A. Manifest Destiny.B. Hay Corollary.C. Wilson Mandate.D. Gadsden Policy Position.E. Roosevelt Corollary.11.What was the overall end result of The Mexican War of 1846-1848?A. Mexico was forced to cede a large part of its territory to the United States.B. Mexico signed a non-aggression pact and borders stayed the same as they were beforethe war.C. Mexico gave up California and the U.S. gave up Baja California.D. Mexico paid the U.S. $5 million for war damages.E. The United States was forced to sign a pledge to never again invade Mexico.12.The manner in which the United States acquired the land for the Panama Canal Zonetypifies _________________--whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.A. Manifest Destiny.B. Hay Corollary.C. Wilson Mandate.D. Gadsden Policy Position.E. Roosevelt Corollary.13.All of the following have been U.S. interventions in Latin America since 1945 EXCEPT:A. U.S. intervention in Afghanistan in 2002.B. Popular Revolution was neutralized by U.S. economic pressure (1952).C. CIA-organized invasion overthrows Arbenz (1954).D. U.S. invasion to arrest President Noriega on charges of drug trafficking (1989).E. U.S. attempts to thwart the election of Peron (1946).14.____________ is the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples,industries, and resources.A. CultureB. GeographyC. CartographyD. DemographyE. Geo-politics15.Geography is part of which of the following?A. An organization's internal environment.B. An organization's controllable external environment.C. An organization's uncontrollable external environment.D. An organization's parallel environment (controllable).E. An organization's parallel environment (uncontrollable).rry Lam has the responsibility of doing a geographic appraisal for his company as itattempts to build a manufacturing facility in Borneo. Which of the following elements of geography would NOT be of particular interest to Mr. Lam as he prepares an appraisal of the feasibility of a venture in this tropical country?A. AltitudeB. HumidityC. Temperature extremesD. ClimateE. Latitude.17.Geographical features can pose serious impediments to __________ and __________.A. economic growth; tradeB. government policy; tradeC. corporate executives; labor unionsD. chaos management; controllable eventsE. natural bridges; railways18.Clean drinking water made available to more than 1000 rural villages in Africa is attributedto __________.A. the implementation of universal health careB. innovative, patented, rain-maker pumpsC. the increase in foreign aidD. building water treatment plantsE. innovative, patented, merry-go-round water pumps19.The English Channel tunnel, the Chunnel, built to facilitate trade with other EU members,has also been used by __________ to enter the United Kingdom.A. undocumented workersB. unemployed peopleC. protestantsD. trade unionsE. invading armies20.All of the following have the tendency to propel less-privileged countries into furthereconomic stagnation EXCEPT:A. religious practices.B. climate and topography.C. civil wars.D. natural disasters.E. poor environmental policies.III. Fill in the Blanks Questions (填空题)1.History is in ________, goes the old saying.2. A fundamental value in Japanese society is the importance of cooperation for the_______________.3.The _________________ bans developed countries from exporting hazardous wastes.4.The major reasons for the migration of people from rural to urban areas is to gain access toeducation, health care, and ________________.5.An underpinning of all commerce is effective __________--knowledge of where goodsand services exist and where they are needed and the ability to communicate instantaneously across vast distances.IV. True/False Questions (判断题)1. Culture can be defined as being one's amount of social standing. ( )2. If a marketer is to interpret a culture's behavior and attitudes, it is essential to have some idea of a country's history and geography. ( )3. History is a predominate variable in defining a company's "mission." ( )4. Prior to the coming of Admiral Perry in 1853, Japan could be characterized as being isolated from the rest of the world. ( )5. A fundamental premise of American ideology reflects the importance of cooperation for the collective good. ( )6. The prohibition of the colonial traders to trade directly with merchants in China was an important complaint by the colonists. ( )7. In a sense, American history really began with Japan. ( )8. When the Chinese Emperor took steps to stop opium trade the British responded militarily resulting in numerous Chinese ports being opened to trade and settlement by foreigners. ( )9. The study of geography is important in the evaluation of markets and their environment. ( )10. With respect to Latin America, citizens of the United States think that they have been good neighbors and that the Monroe Doctrine has been used to protect the various Latin American states from European interests. ( )11. After the Mexican Revolution, American businesspeople were encouraged to return and make investments in the country. ( )12. The policy of "Manifest Destiny" meant that American were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society. ( )13. The Manifest Destiny Concept, a cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy, stated that there would be no further European colonization in the New World or Western Hemisphere. ( )14. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine basically said, "Whatever is good for the United States is justifiable." ( )15. Geography is an element of the uncontrollable environment that confronts every marketer. ( )V. Essay Questions (问答题)1.Give a brief definition of culture as it applies to international marketing and explain whyunderstanding it is important to the global marketer.2.Explain the impact of global population trends on international marketing3.Japan and the United States will need 600 million immigrants between now and 2050 tokeep the worker/retiree ratio from falling. What does this mean for our future planning efforts in the marketing arena?4.Explain the concept of sustainable development.5.Tropicana, a well-known producer of juices, has just hired you to develop a list ofgeographical factors that might be important to a planned expansion move into Central America. You have decided to begin your effort with a list of eight important geographical factors that will eventually be investigated. Write out the eight categories and explain why they were picked.。

第三章 思考题与习题1. 组网技术包括哪些主要问题？答：（1）干扰对系统性能的影响；（2）区域覆盖对系统性能的影响；（3）支撑网络有序运行的要素；（4）越区切换和位置管理；（5）无线资源的有效共享。

2. 为何会存在同频干扰？同频干扰会带来什么样的问题？答：同频干扰是指所有落在接收机通带内的与有用信号频率相同的无用信号的干扰，这些无用信号和有用信号一样，在超外差接收机经放大、变频而落在中频通带内，接收系统无法滤出无用信号，从而产生同频干扰。

同频干扰会带来的问题：影响链路性能、频率复用方案的选择和系统的容量限制等问题3. 什么叫同频复用？同频复用系数取决于哪些因素？答：在移动通信系统中，为了提高频率利用率，在相隔一定距离以外，可以使用同的频率，这称为同频复用。

影响同频复用系数的因素有：一个区群（簇）中小区的个数（区群的大小），小区的大小，形状等。

4. 为何说最佳的小区形状是正六边形？答：小区形状的设计要求：小区无空隙、无重叠的覆盖整个服务区域。

全向天线辐射的覆盖区为圆形，不能无空隙、无重叠的覆盖整个区域。

在考虑交叠之后，实际上每个辐射区的有效覆盖区是一个多边形。

满足无空隙、无重叠条件的小区形状有三种：正三角形、正方形和正六边形。

而在服务区面积一定的情况下，正六边形小区的形状最接近理想的圆形，用它覆盖整个服务区所需的基站数最少，也就最经济。

5. 证明对于六边形系统，同频复用系数为22Q N i j ij ==++。

证明：同频复用系数Q 的定义为在同频些小区距离)(D 与小区半径)(R 的比值。

同频小区的距离也就是两个同频小区的中心距离，对于正六边形系统它是这样确定的，从一个小区的中心出发，沿着一边的中垂线数i 个小区，在向顺时针转060再向前数j 个小区，起点和终点的两个小区的距离就是同频小区的距离。

由余弦定理可得R ij j i D )(322++=，又因为ij j i N ++=22 所以N RR N R D Q 33===即得证。

分治法练习题分治法是一种常见的算法设计方法，其核心思想是将问题划分成若干个规模较小且结构相似的子问题，然后分别解决这些子问题，最后将子问题的结果合并得到原问题的解。

在实际应用中，选取合适的问题划分方式以及合并子问题的结果是非常关键的。

下面，我将为您介绍两个分治法的练习题。

题目一：寻找最大子数组和给定一个整数数组，找到其连续子数组中的最大和。

例如，输入数组[-2, 1, -3, 4, -1, 2, 1, -5, 4]，其最大子数组和为6，对应的子数组为[4, -1, 2, 1]。

解题思路：1. 将原问题划分成规模较小的子问题：将数组分为两部分，分别求解左子数组和右子数组的最大子数组和，以及跨越中点的最大子数组和。

2. 递归求解子问题：对于左右子数组，可以再次使用分治法求解；对于跨越中点的最大子数组和，可以通过以中点为中心，向左右扩展来得到。

3. 合并子问题的结果：对于左右子数组的最大子数组和，取较大值作为整个数组的最大子数组和；对于跨越中点的最大子数组和，取两边相加的最大值。

题目二：求解逆序对个数给定一个数组，逆序对是指数组中两个元素a[i]和a[j]，满足i < j且a[i] > a[j]。

请设计一个算法，求解给定数组中逆序对的个数。

解题思路：1. 将原问题划分成规模较小的子问题：将数组平均分为两部分，分别求解左子数组和右子数组中逆序对的个数，以及两个子数组之间的逆序对个数。

2. 递归求解子问题：对于左右子数组，可以再次使用分治法求解；对于两个子数组之间的逆序对个数，可以通过归并排序的思想来求解。

3. 合并子问题的结果：将左右子数组合并为一个有序数组，并统计两个子数组之间的逆序对个数。

同时，递归返回的结果也需要累加进逆序对的总数。

通过以上两个练习题，我们可以更加深入地理解和应用分治法这一算法设计思想，同时也能提升对问题分解和结果合并的能力。

当然，在实际应用中，我们需要灵活运用分治法以及结合具体问题来设计合适的算法，并注意算法的效率和性能。

INTERNATIONAL FINANCEAssignment Problems (3) Name: Student#: I. Choose the correct answer for the following questions (only ONE correct answer) (2 credits for each question, total credits 2 x 25 = 50)1. Interbank quotations that include the United States dollars are conventionally given in __________, which state the foreign currency price of one U.S. dollar, such as a bid price of SFr 0.85/$.A. indirect quoteB. direct quoteC. American quoteD. European quote2. The spot exchange rate published in financial newspapers is usually the __________.A. nominal exchange rateB. real exchange rateC. effective exchange rateD. equilibrium exchange rate3. The foreign exchange refers to the __________.A. foreign bank notes and coinsB. demand deposits in foreign banksC. foreign securities that can be easily cashedD. all of the above4. The functions of the foreign exchange market come down to __________.A. converting the currency of one country into the currency of anotherB. providing some insurance against the foreign exchange riskC. making the foreign exchange speculation easyD. Only A and B are true.5. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the foreign exchange market?A. It is the place through which people exchange one currency for another.B. The exchange rate nowadays is mainly determined by the market forces.C. Most foreign exchange transactions are physically completed in this market.D. All of the above are true.6. The world largest foreign exchange markets are __________ respectively.A. London, New York and TokyoB. London, Paris and FrankfurtC. London, Hong Kong and SingaporeD. London, Zurich and Bahrain7. The foreign exchange market is NOT efficient because __________.A. monetary authorities dominate the foreign exchange market and everybody knows that by definition, central banks are inefficientB. commercial banks and other participants of the market do not compete with one another due to the fact that transaction takes place around the world and not in a single centralized locationC. foreign exchange dealers have different prices such as bid and ask pricesD. None of the reasons listed are correct because the foreign exchange market is an efficient market8. __________ earn a profit by a bid-ask spread on currencies they buy and sell. __________ on the other hand, earn a profit by bringing together buyers and sellers of foreign exchanges and earning a commission on each sale and purchase.A. Foreign exchange brokers; foreign exchange dealersB. Foreign exchange dealers; foreign exchange brokersC. arbitragers; speculatorsD. commercial banks; central banks9. Most foreign exchange transactions are through the U.S. dollars. If the transaction is expressed as the currencies per dollar, this is known as __________ whereas __________ are expressed as dollars per currency.A. direct quote; indirect quoteB. indirect quote; direct quoteC. European quote; American quoteD. American quote, European quote10. From the viewpoint of a Japanese investor, which of the following would be a direct quote?A. SFr 1.25/€B. $1.55/₤C. ¥ 110/€D. €0.0091/ ¥11. Which of the following is true about the foreign exchange market?A. It is a global network of banks, brokers, and foreign exchange dealers connected by electronic communications system.B. The foreign exchange market is usually located in a particular place.C. The foreign exchange rates are usually determined by the related monetary authorities.D. The main participants in this market are currency speculators from different countries.12. The extent to which the income from individual transactions is affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange values is considered to be _________.A. Translation exposureB. economic exposureC. transaction exposureD. accounting exposure13. Which of the following exchange rates is adjusted for price changes?A. nominal exchange rateB. real exchange rateC. effective exchange rateD. equilibrium exchange rate14. Suppose the exchange rate of the RMB versus U.S. dollar is ¥6.8523/$ now. If the RMB were to undergo a 10% depreciation, the new exchange rate in terms of ¥/$ would be:A. 6.1671B. 7.5375C. 6.9238D. 7.613515. At least in a U.S. MNC’s financial accounting statement, if the value of the euro depreciates rapidly against that of the dollar over a year, this would reduce the dollar value of the euro profit made by the European subsidiary. This is a typical __________.A. transaction exposureB. translation exposureC. economic exposureD. operating exposure16. A Japanese-based firm expects to receive pound-payment in 6 months. The company has a (an) __________.A. economic exposureB. accounting exposureC. long position in sterlingD. short position in sterling17 The exposure to foreign exchange risk known as Translation Exposure may be defined as __________.A. change in reported owner’s equity in consolidated financial statements caused by a change in exchange ratesB. the impact of settling outstanding obligations entered into before change in exchange rates but to be settled after change in exchange ratesC. the change in expected future cash flows arising from an unexpected change in exchange ratesD. All of the above18 When a firm deals with foreign trade or investment, it usually has foreign exchange risk exposure. So if an American firm expects to receive a dollar-paymentfrom a Chinese company in the next 30 days, the U.S. firm has the possible __________.A. economic exposureB. transaction exposureC. translation exposureD. none of the above19. In order to avoid the possible loss because of the exchange rate fluctuations, a firm that has a __________ position in foreign exchanges can __________ that position in the forward market.A. short; sellB. long; sellC. long; buyD. none of the above20. A forward contract to deliver Japanese yens for Swiss francs could be described either as __________ or __________,A. selling yens forward; buying francs forwardB. buying francs forward; buying yens forwardC. selling yens forward; selling francs forwardD. selling francs forward; buying yens forward21. Dollars are trading at S0SFr/$=SFr0.7465/$ in the spot market. The 90-day forward rate is F1SFr/$=SFr0.7432/$. So the forward __________ on the dollar in basis points is __________:A. discount, 0.0033B. discount, 33C. premium, 0.0033D. premium, 3322. If the spot rate is $1.35/€, 3-month forward rate is $1.36/€, which of the following is NOT true?A. euro is at forward premium by 100 points.B. dollar is at forward discount by 100 points.C. dollar is at forward discount by 55 points.D. euro is at forward premium by 2.96% p.a.23. If the spot C$/$ rate is 1.0305/15, forward dollar is 25/30 premium, the outright forward quote in American term should be __________.A. 1.0330 – 1.0345B. 1.0280 – 1.0285C. 0.9681 – 0.9667D. 0.9728 – 0.972324. If the spot C$/$ rate is 1.0305/15, forward dollar is 25/30 premium, the $/C$ forward quote in terms of points should be __________.A. 30/25B. 25/30C. – (23/28)D. – (28/23)25. The current U.S. dollar exchange rate is ¥85/$. If the 90-day forward dollar rate is ¥90/$, then the yen is selling at a per annum __________ of __________.A. premium; 5.88%B. discount; 5.56%C. premium; 23.52%D. discount; 22.23%II. ProblemsQuestions 1 through 10 are based on the information presented in Table 3.1. (2 credits for each question, total credits 2 x 10 = 20)Table 3.1Country Exchange rate Exchange rate CPI V olume of Volume of (2008) (2009) (2008) exports to U.S imports from U.S. Germany €0.75/$ €0.70/$ 102.5 $200m $350m Mexico Mex$11.8/$ Mex$12.20/$ 110.5 $120m $240mU.S. 105.31. The real exchange rate of the dollar against the euro in 2009 was __________.2. The real exchange rate of the dollar against the peso in 2009 was __________.3. The dollar was __________ against the euro in nominal term by __________.A. appreciated; 6.67%B. depreciated; 6.67%C. appreciated; 7.14%D depreciated; 7.14%4. The Mexican peso was __________ against the dollar in nominal term by __________.A. appreciated; 3.39%B. depreciated; 3.39%C. appreciated; 3.28%D. depreciated; 3.28%5. The volume of the German foreign trade with the U.S. was __________.6. The volume of the Mexican foreign trade with the U.S. was __________.7. Assume the U.S. trades only with the Germany and Mexico. Now if we want to calculate the dollar effective exchange rate in 2009 against a basket of currencies of euro and Mexican peso, the weight assigned to the euro should be __________.8. The weight assigned to the peso should be __________.9. Assume the 2008 is the base year. The dollar effective exchange rate in 2009 was __________.10. Was the dollar generally stronger or weaker in 2009 according to your calculation?11. The following exchange rates are available to you.Fuji Bank ¥80.00/$United Bank of Switzerland SFr0.8900/$Deutsche Bank ¥95.00/SFrAssume you have an initial SFr10 million. Can you make a profit via triangular arbitrage? If so, show steps and calculate the amount of profit in Swiss francs. (8 credits)12. If the dollar appreciates 1000% against the ruble, by what percentage does the ruble depreciate against the dollar? (5 credits)13. As a percentage of an arbitrary starting amount, about how large would transactions costs have to be to make arbitrage between the exchange rates S SFr/$= SFr1.7223/$, S$/￥= $0.009711/¥, and S￥/SFr = ¥61.740/SFr unprofitable? Explain. (7 credits14. You are given the following exchange rates:S￥/A$ = 67.05 – 68.75S￡/A$ = 0.3590 – 0.3670Calculate the bid and ask rate of S￥/￡: (5 credits)15. Suppose the spot quotation on the Swiss franc (CHF) in New York is USD0.9442 –52 and the spot quotation on the Euro (EUR) is USD1.3460 –68. Compute the percentage bid-ask spreads on the CHF/EUR quote. ( 5 credits)Answers to Assignment Problems (3)Part II1. 0.70 x (105.3/102.5) = 0.7 x 1.0273 = 0.71912. 12.2 x (105.3/110.5) = 12.2 x .9529 = 11.62593. B (0.7 /.75) – 1 = -6.67%4. D (1/12.2)/(1/11.8) – 1 = -3.28%5. 5506. 3607. 550/910 = 60.44%8. 360/910 = 39.569. (0.70/0.75)(60.44%) + (12.2/11.8)(39.56%) = .5641 + 0.4090 = .9731 = 97.31%10. weaker, because dollar depreciated by 2.69%.11. Since S￥/$S$/SFr S SFr/￥= 80 x 1/0.8900 x 1/95.00 = 0.946186 < 1, there is an arbitrage opportunity.Steps:①Buy ¥ from Deutsche Bank, SFr10 million x 95.00 = ¥950 million②Buy $from Fuji Bank, $950 m / 80.00 = $11.875 m③Buy SFr from UBS, $11.875 x 0.8900 = SFr10.56875 mProfit (ignoring transaction fees):SFr10.56875 – SFr10 = 0.56875 million = 568,75012. (x – 1) = 1000%; 1/11 – 1 = 90.9%13. S SFr/$ S$/￥S￥/SFr = SFr1.7223/$ x $0.009711/¥ x ¥61.740/SFr = 1.0326If transaction costs exceed $0.0326 (3.26%), the arbitrage is unprofitable.14. Given: S￥/A$ = 67.05 – 68.75S￡/A$ = 0.3590 – 0.3670So, S￥/₤ = 67.05/0.3670 = 182.70 (bid)S￡/₤ = 68.75/0.3590 = 191.50 (ask)15. Given: USD0.9442 – 52/SFrUSD1.3460 – 68/SFrSo, S SRr/€ = 1.3460/0.9452 =1.424 (bid)S SFr/€ = 1.3468/0.9442 = 1.4264 (ask)。

分治算法的例子1. 哎呀，你知道吗，比如有一个大任务是把一堆杂乱的数字排序。

这就好像整理一个超级乱的房间一样。

我们可以把这堆数字分成两部分，分别排序，然后再合起来，这就是分治算法呀！就像你先整理房间的左边，再整理右边，最后整个房间就整齐啦！2. 嘿，想象一下要在一个巨大的图书馆里找一本书。

我们可以把图书馆分成几个区域，每个区域再派人去找，这也是分治算法呀！难道不是很神奇吗？就像大家分工合作去找那本神秘的书。

3. 哇哦，你看计算一个很大很大的矩阵的乘法。

这简直像一座难以翻越的大山！但我们可以把它分成小块，分别计算，再组合起来，这不就是分治算法的魅力吗？就如同一点点攻克一座高山。

4. 你想想，要解决一个超级复杂的迷宫问题。

我们可以把迷宫分成几个部分呀，一部分一部分地去探索，然后汇总结果，这不是分治算法在起作用吗？这多像一点一点解开迷宫的秘密呀！5. 嘿呀，比如统计一个很大区域里的人口数量。

我们可以把这个区域划分成小块，分别统计，最后汇总，这就是分治算法呀！跟把一个大蛋糕切成小块来数有什么区别呢！6. 哎呀呀，要找出一堆物品中最重的那个。

我们可以把物品分成几组，找出每组最重的，再比较，这不就是用了分治算法嘛！是不是很像在一堆宝藏中找最耀眼的那颗宝石呀！7. 哇塞，要对一个超级长的字符串进行操作。

那我们就把它分成小段来处理嘛，这就是分治算法的精彩之处呀！好比把一条长长的绳子分段来摆弄。

8. 你瞧，像解决一个大的图像识别问题。

我们把图像分成小部分，一部分一部分地去分析识别，最后拼起来，这绝对是分治算法的厉害所在！就如同一片片拼凑出一幅美丽的图画。

我的观点结论就是：分治算法真的是超厉害的，它能把复杂的大问题化简，就像一把神奇的钥匙能打开很多难题的大门！。

分治练习题一、基础概念理解1. 请简述分治算法的基本思想。

2. 举例说明分治算法在解决具体问题时的步骤。

3. 请解释分治算法与递归算法之间的关系。

二、数组操作4. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法找出数组中的最大值。

5. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法找出数组中的最小值。

6. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法将数组排序。

7. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法计算数组中所有元素的和。

8. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法找出数组中的中位数。

9. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法找出数组中所有奇数的和。

三、搜索问题10. 给定一个已排序的整数数组，使用分治算法实现二分查找。

11. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法找出一个特定元素的索引。

12. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法找出第一个大于给定值的元素。

13. 给定一个整数数组，使用分治算法找出一个小于给定值的元素。

四、数学问题14. 使用分治算法计算两个大整数的乘积。

15. 使用分治算法计算一个整数的阶乘。

16. 使用分治算法计算斐波那契数列的第n项。

17. 使用分治算法计算一组数的最大公约数。

18. 使用分治算法计算一组数的最小公倍数。

五、动态规划与分治19. 使用分治算法解决最长公共子序列问题。

20. 使用分治算法解决最长公共子串问题。

21. 使用分治算法解决矩阵链乘问题。

22. 使用分治算法解决最优二叉搜索树问题。

23. 使用分治算法解决活动选择问题。

六、图论问题24. 使用分治算法计算无向图的最小树。

25. 使用分治算法计算有向图的最短路径。

26. 使用分治算法计算无向图的欧拉回路。

27. 使用分治算法计算有向图的哈密顿回路。

七、综合应用28. 使用分治算法解决归并排序问题。

29. 使用分治算法解决快速排序问题。

30. 使用分治算法解决动态规划中的背包问题。

31. 使用分治算法解决动态规划中的最长递增子序列问题。

32. 使用分治算法解决动态规划中的最长有效括号问题。

第3章 80x86微处理器一、自测练习题㈠选择题1．因为8086 CPU的字数据既可以存放在内存的偶地址单元，也可以安排在奇地址单元，所以其堆栈指针SP( )。

A．最好指向偶地址单元 B．可以指向任何地址单元C．只能指向偶地址D．只能指向奇地址2．8086／8088微处理器内部能够计算出访问内存储器的20位物理地址的附加机构是( )。

A．ALU B．加法器C．指令队列 D．内部通用寄存器3．8086CPU外部的数据总线和地址总线分别为( )位。

A．16，16 B．20，16 C．16，20 D．20，20 4．指令代码的地址存放在寄存器( )中。

A．DS和SI B．BX和BP C．ES和DI D．CS和IP5．最大方式中，控制总线的信号来自( )。

A．8282 B．8284 C．8288 D．82866．在8086中，一个基本的总线周期由( )个时钟周期组成。

A．1 B．2 C．3 D．47．在8086CPU中，数据地址引脚( )采用时分复用。

A．AD0～AD15 B．AD0～AD9 C．AD0～AD20 D．AD10～AD28．8086CPU把1MB空间划分为若干逻辑段，每段最多可含( )的存储单元。

A．1KB B．8KB C．16KB D．64KB9．当标志寄存器FLAGS中OF位等于1时，表示带有符号的字运算超出数据( )范围。

A．－128～＋127 B．－32768～＋32767C．000～FFFFH D．0～FFH10．总线写周期中，在( )时不需要像读周期时要维持一个周期的浮空状态以作缓冲。

A．－32767～＋32767 B．－32767～＋32768C．－32768～＋32767 D．－32766～＋3276911．CPU执行指令过程中，BIU每完成一次对存储器或I／O端口的访问过程，称为( )。

A．时钟周期 B．总线周期 C．总线读周期 D．总线写周期12．BHE与A0配合以决定访问存储器的数据是高字节还是低字节工作，其BHE仅在总线周期开始的( )周期有效。

分治算法详解及经典例题⼀、基本概念在计算机科学中，分治法是⼀种很重要的算法。

字⾯上的解释是“分⽽治之”，就是把⼀个复杂的问题分成两个或更多的相同或相似的⼦问题，再把⼦问题分成更⼩的⼦问题……直到最后⼦问题可以简单的直接求解，原问题的解即⼦问题的解的合并。

这个技巧是很多⾼效算法的基础，如排序算法(快速排序，归并排序)，傅⽴叶变换(快速傅⽴叶变换)……任何⼀个可以⽤计算机求解的问题所需的计算时间都与其规模有关。

问题的规模越⼩，越容易直接求解，解题所需的计算时间也越少。

例如，对于n个元素的排序问题，当n=1时，不需任何计算。

n=2时，只要作⼀次⽐较即可排好序。

n=3时只要作3次⽐较即可，…。

⽽当n较⼤时，问题就不那么容易处理了。

要想直接解决⼀个规模较⼤的问题，有时是相当困难的。

⼆、基本思想及策略分治法的设计思想是：将⼀个难以直接解决的⼤问题，分割成⼀些规模较⼩的相同问题，以便各个击破，分⽽治之。

分治策略是：对于⼀个规模为n的问题，若该问题可以容易地解决（⽐如说规模n较⼩）则直接解决，否则将其分解为k个规模较⼩的⼦问题，这些⼦问题互相独⽴且与原问题形式相同，递归地解这些⼦问题，然后将各⼦问题的解合并得到原问题的解。

这种算法设计策略叫做分治法。

如果原问题可分割成k个⼦问题，1<k≤n，且这些⼦问题都可解并可利⽤这些⼦问题的解求出原问题的解，那么这种分治法就是可⾏的。

由分治法产⽣的⼦问题往往是原问题的较⼩模式，这就为使⽤递归技术提供了⽅便。

在这种情况下，反复应⽤分治⼿段，可以使⼦问题与原问题类型⼀致⽽其规模却不断缩⼩，最终使⼦问题缩⼩到很容易直接求出其解。

这⾃然导致递归过程的产⽣。

分治与递归像⼀对孪⽣兄弟，经常同时应⽤在算法设计之中，并由此产⽣许多⾼效算法。

三、分治法适⽤的情况分治法所能解决的问题⼀般具有以下⼏个特征：1) 该问题的规模缩⼩到⼀定的程度就可以容易地解决2) 该问题可以分解为若⼲个规模较⼩的相同问题，即该问题具有最优⼦结构性质。