成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文（2008届）摘要湿地的定义有多种，目前国际上公认的湿地定义是《湿地公约》作出的，即湿地是指，不问其为天然或人工、长久或暂时性的沼泽地、泥炭地或水域地带、静止或流动、淡水、半咸水、咸水体，包括低潮时水深不超过6米的水域。
湿地包括多种类型，珊瑚礁、滩涂、红树林、湖泊、河流、河口、沼泽、水库、池塘、水稻田等都属于湿地。
它们共同的特点是其表面常年或经常覆盖着水或充满了水，是介于陆地和水体之间的过度带。
湿地广泛分布于世界各地，是地球上生物多样性丰富和生产力较高的生态系统。
湿地在抵御洪水、调节径流、控制污染、调节气候、美化环境等方面起到重要作用，它既是陆地上的天然蓄水库，又是众多野生动植物资源，特别是珍稀水禽的繁殖和越冬地，它可以给人类提供水和食物。
湿地与人类息息相关，是人类拥有的宝贵资源，因此湿地被称为“生命的摇篮”、“地球之肾”和“鸟类的乐园”。
我国湿地类型多样、分布很广，总面积在6500万公顷以上。
从寒带到热带，从沿海到内陆，从平原到高山，都有湿地的分布。
千百年来，广阔的湿地为促进经济发展，保障人民生活作出了巨大的贡献.人Abstractthe definition of wetlands in a combination of factors, the current internationally accepted definition of wetlands is "Convention on Wetlands," to that wetland is not asked for its natural or artificial, permanent or temporary wetlands, peat lands or waters zone , Stationary or mobile, fresh water, brackish water, salt water body, including the low ebb at the depth of not more than six meters of water.Wetlands include many types, coral reefs, shoals, mangrove forests, lakes, rivers, estuaries, marshes, reservoirs, ponds and paddy fields belonging to all wetlands. They share common features of its surface is covered with perennial or regular water or full of water, is between land and water between the over-zone.Wetlands widely distributed around the world, is rich biodiversity on the planet and higher productivity of ecosystems. Wetlands in resisting floods, regulating runoff, pollution control, regulation of climate, beautify the environment has played an important role, it is the land of the natural water reservoirs, is the large number of wild animal and plant resources, especially rare and the breeding and wintering birds, It can provide water for human and food. Wetlands are closely related with the h uman, which is owned by the valuable resources, wetlands known as "the cradle of life", "Earth kidney" and "Birds of Paradise." China's wetlands and diverse, very broad distribution, the total area of more than 65 million hectares. From the frigid zone to the tropics, from coastal areas to inland from the mountains to the plains, wetlands have the distribution. For thousands of years, the vast wetlands to promote economic development, protect the people's life has made great contribution to people目录摘要 (2)正文 (4)1人工湿地的定义 (4)2人工湿地的工作和分类 (6)3人工湿地的系统设计 (6)4人工湿地在国外的研究应用发展 (17)5人工湿地在我国的应用和发展 (18)6人工湿地的运行和经济分析 (20)7人工湿地的生态效 (21)结语 (25)谢辞 (27)附录 (28)参考文献 (30)（一）人工湿地的定义人工湿地是由人工建造和控制运行的与沼泽地类似的地面，将污水、污泥有控制的投配到经人工建造的湿地上，污水与污泥在沿一定方向流动的过程中，主要利用土壤、人工介质、植物、微生物的物理、化学、生物三重协同作用，对污水、污泥进行处理的一种技术。
