施心远主编听力教程3(第2版)Unit8答案

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】UNIT 1Section OnePart 1Spot DictationHouses in the FutureWell, I think houses in the future will probably be (1) quite small but I should think they'll be (2) well-insulated so that you don't need so much (3) heating and (4) cooling as you do now, so perhaps very economical (5) to run. Perhaps they will use (6) solar heating, although I don't know, in this country, perhaps we (7) won't be able to do that so much. Yes, I think they'll be full of (8) electronic gadgets: things like very advanced televisions, videos, perhaps videos which take up ... the screen (9) takes up the whole wall. I should think. Yes, you'll have things like (10) garage doors which open automatically when you (11) drive up,perhaps electronic (12) sensors which will (13) recognize you when you, when you come to the front door even. Perhaps (14) architects and designers will be a bit more (15) imaginative about how houses are designed and perhaps with the (16) shortage of space people will think of putting gardens (17) on the roof and, and maybe rooms can be (18) expanded and, and (19) contracted depending on what you use them for, so perhaps there'll be a bit more (20) flexibility about that.Part 2Listening for GistA: Tuesday two fifteen. Letme look in my diary.B: No, Thursday.A: Oh, I'm sorry. I thought you said Tuesday.B: Thursday two fifteen. No, I'm sorry. I've got an appointment until three. Could we make it later? Say three fifteen?A: Well, there's a lot to talk about. It'll takea couple of hours, at least.B: Shall we say Monday morning, then?A: Monday morning. All right. Nine o'clock?B: Nine. I think that will be all right. I'llring you back and confirm. A: All right.But ring before five, could you?B: All right.A: Right you are. Bye.B: Bye.Exercise. Directions: Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This dialogue is about making an appointment.2.The key words are Tuesday. Thursday. two fifteen. three fifteen. Mondaymorning. nine o'clock.Section Two Listening comprehensionPart 1 DialogueI'm terribly sorry I'm lateWoman: Listen! I'm terribly sorry I'm late.Man: Oh, that's all right. It doesn't really matter, does it? I haven't got anything better to do, have I?Woman: Just let me explain, will you?Man: I've only been waiting for over an hour. That's all. Woman: Yes. I know, and I would have ...Man: After all, my time isn't really that important, is it? Woman: Please don't be likethat. Just let me explain.(Silence. Man says nothing.)Woman: I ... I tried to get here in time but just after I left home, the car broke down.Man: The car broke down?Woman: Yes, and ... well ... luckily ... there was a garage near me. And ... and it took them a while to repair it.Man: Why didn't you at least phone?Woman: I would have! But I didn't know the number of the restaurant.Man: You could have looked it up in the telephone book! Woman: Yes, but ... you'll never believe this ... I couldn't remember the name of the restaurant. I knew where itwas, but forgot the name.Man: I see. Well, at least it was lucky you found a garage to repair your car.Woman: Yes. It was something I couldn't do myself. It didn't take too long, but that's why I'm late, you see.Man: Uh-huh. Which garage, by the way?Woman: Pardon?Man: Which garage did you take it to?Woman: Uh ... the one near my flat. You know. Lewis Brothers. Man: Yes, I know that garage. It's the only one near your flat. Woman: Hmm, well now, let's have something to eat. Uh, what about some ...Man: I know the garage very well!Woman: Yes. Let's see now. Yes, I think I'll have some ... Man: A pity it's Sunday.Woman: Pardon?Man: A pity it's Sunday. That garage is closed on Sunday! ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.They are possibly boyfriend and girlfriend.2.In a restaurant.3."It doesn't really matter, does it? I haven't got anything better to do, have I?""I've only been waiting forover an hour.That's all""After all, my time isn't reallythat important, is it?""Well, at least it was lucky you found a garage to repair your car."4.Because she wants to stop the conversation like this.5.Because he knows the girl is lying.Part 2 PassageThe Oscar Statuette1．Industry insiders and members of the press called the award "the Academy statuette", "the golden trophy" or "the statue of merit", but the term never stuck.2. No hard evidence exists to support that tale, but in any case, by the sixth Awards Presentation in 1934, a Hollywood columnist used the name in his column.3.Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his Animated Feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.4. If the statuettes don't meet strict quality control standards, they are immediately cut in half and melted down.5.The large boxes are shipped to the Academy offices via airexpress, with no identifiable markings.The Oscar statuette, designed by MGM's* chief art director Cedric Gibbons, depicts a knight holding a crusader's* sword, standing on a reel of film with five spokes, signifying the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.Born in 1928, years would pass before the Academy Award of Merit was officially named "Oscar". Industry insiders and members of the press called the award "the Academy statuette", "the golden trophy" or "the statue of merit". The entertainment trade paper, Weekly Variety, even attempted to popularize "the iron man". The term never stuck.A popular story has been that an Academy librarian and eventual executive director, Margaret Herrick, thought thestatuette resembled her uncle Oscar and said so, and that as a result the Academy staff began referring to it as Oscar.No hard evidence exists to support that tale, but in any case, by the sixth Awards Presentation in 1934, Hollywood columnist Sidney Skolsky used the name in his column in reference to Katharine Hepburn's first Best Actress win. The Academy itself didn't use the nickname officially until 1939.Since its conception, the Oscar statuette has met exacting uniform standards - with a few notable exceptions. In the 1930s, juvenile players received miniature replicas* of the statuette; a ventriloquist* Edgar Bergen was presented with a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth; and Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Between 1942 and 1944, in support of the war effort, Oscars were made of plaster. After the War, winners turned in the temporaryawards for golden Oscar statuettes.The traditional Oscar statuette, however, hasn't changed since the 1940s, when the base was made higher. In 1945, the base was changed from marble to metal and in 1949, Academy Award statuettes began to be numbered, starting with No. 501.Approximately 50 Oscars are made each year in Chicago by the manufacturer, R. S. Owens. If they don't meet strict quality control standards, the statuettes are immediately cut in half and melted down.Each award is individually packed into a Styrofoam container slightly largerthan a shoebox. Eight of these are then packed into a larger cardboard box, and the large boxes are shipped to the Academy offices in Beverly Hills via air express, with no identifiable markings.On March 10, 2000, 55 Academy Awards mysteriouslyvanished en route from the Windy City* to the City of Angels. Nine days later, 52 of stolen statuettes were discovered.For eight decades, the Oscars have survived war, weathered earthquakes, and even managed to escape unscathed* from common thieves. Since 1995, however, R. S. Owens has repaired more than 160 statuettes. "Maybe somebody used chemicals on them to polish them and the chemicals rubbed right through the lacquer* and into the gold," explains the company president. "Or maybe people stored them someplace where they corroded." Although he stresses that the statuette is made to endure, Siegel offers this sage advice to all Oscar winners: "If it gets dusty, simply wipe it with a soft dry cloth."Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionEvery January, the attention of the entertainment community and of film fans around the world turns to the upcoming Academy Awards, the highest honor in filmmaking. The annual presentation of the Oscars has become the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' most famous activity. The Oscar Statuette is a knight holding a crusader's sword, standing on a reel of film with five spokes.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listening to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. There were five original branches of the Academy.(Because the five spokes on the reel of film signify theoriginal branches of the Academy:Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.)F 2. The Academy Award of Merit was officially named "Oscar" in 1928.(Born in 1928, years would pass before the AcademyAward of Merit was officially named "Oscar.")T 3. The Academy staff began referring to the Academy statuette as Oscar because Margaret Herrick said thestatuette was like her uncle Oscar.(An Academy librarian and eventual executive director,Margaret Herrick, thought the statuette resembled heruncle Oscar and said so, and as a result the Academystaff began referring to it as Oscar.)F 4. Since its conception, the Oscar statuette has met exacting uniform standards.(There were a few notable exceptions. In 1930s, juvenile players received miniature replicas of the statuette and a ventriloquist Edgar Bergen gained a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth. Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes. )T 5. Oscars were made of plaster in the 1940s because of the War.(Between 1942 and 1944, in support of the war effort, Oscars were made of plaster.)T 6. The manufacturer, R. S. Owens makes about 50 Oscars each year in Chicago. (Approximately 50 Oscars are made each year in Chicago by the manufacturer, R. S. Owens.)F7. 55 Academy Awards were stolen by a mysterious person en route from the Windy City to the City of Angels on March 10,2000.(On March 10,2000,55 Academy Awards just mysteriously vanished en route from the Windy City to the City of Angels, but how and by whom was unknown.)F8. For eighty years, the Oscars have survived war, weathered earthquakes, managed to escape unscathed from common thieves and even chemical corrosion.(Since 1995, however, R. S. Owens has repaired more than 160 statuettes. "Maybe somebody used chemicals on them to polish them and the chemicals rubbed right through the lacquer and into the gold." )Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The traditional Oscar statuette hasn't changed since the 1940s,when the base was made higher.In 1945, the base was changed from marble to metal and in 1949, Academy Award statuettes began to be numbered, starting with No.501.2.(Open)Section ThreeNews Item 2President Obama says Washington and Beijing must cooperate to tackle the big problem facing the world.Mr Obama spoke to high-level American and Chinese officials as they launched a two-day meeting in Washington. The US-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue is to discuss a broad agenda from currency concerns to foreign policy.The president said the officials must work together to tackle worldwide challenges, including the global economic recession, climate change, and the spread of nuclear weapons.The president said he is under no illusion the United States and China will agree on every issue, or always see the world in the same way. And he made clear that he will continue to speak out about human rights.President Obama streesed that it is these differences that make dialogue even more important. He said these discussions give the two sides a chance to get to know each other better and communicate with candor.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the high-level US-China talks Obama opens.Exercise BNews Item3The oil Russia pumps from its frozen, Siberian fields, with one energy deal, will soon provide a significant amount of China’s daily needs, about four percent. Russia will deliver about 300,000 barrels of crude a day. In return, China will finance the pipeline Russia will build from its eastern Siberian oil fields to the Chinese border.Energy analysts say the deal ia another indication of Russia’s eagerness to shift some of its energy exports from its main market, Europe.Russia’s state-owned petroleum company Roseneft, will get $15 billion of the work and the state pipeline owner Transneft, is set to receive $10 billion.Construction has been delayed repeatedly as the two countries bargained over the cost of transporting crude oil to the border.But the Russian oil industry, which for decades has been a main source of revenue for the country, has suffered a dramatic shortfall as the price of oil fell during the global economic crisis.They say Russia also is seeking allies in the east where the Kremlin is seen more favourably than in the west.Exercise ADirections: Listening to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the oil supply from Russion to China and the relationship between the two countries.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature reportChina is a world growth leader, its cheap, manufactured exports power economies around the globe.This means, though, China is not immune to the global economic malaise. Chinese exports have slowed and its bull market dropped sharply in the wake of the credit crisis in the United States.The government bought up stocks and lowered trading taxes to boost the market, but trading remains volatile.Just ahead of the G-20 meeting, China also lowered interest rates and announced a $586 billion spending package on infrastructure, social services and tax rebates.The world is now waiting to see whether Beijing’s actions will help restore global economic stability.Li Wan-Yong is a researcher on economics at South Korea’s Hyundai Research Institute. “China has the most foreign currency reserves in the world and the second most US debt after Japan. In those terms, China can play an important role to overcome the global economic crisis and the Asican economic crisis.”China’s Vice Foreign Minisrer He Yafei says China can best help the world economy by stabilizing its own. “China’s economy makes up a large part of the world economy. Whether or not China’s economy is able to maintain stability and continue growing, whether or not China’s domestic economy is stable, is very important not only to China’s but to the world’s economy.”Analysts say the government spending package will to some degree help exporters, but is mainly aimed at increasing domestic consumption.Bill McCahill is with China-based research firm J. L. McGregor and Company. “This is a leadership, after all, that is composed of, the better ones are good engineers. These are not people who are terribly outward looking and outward focused. And they get up in the morning wondering how they’re going to take care of 1.4 or 1.5 billion people in their home country, not homeowners in Los Angeles.”Slowing demand from the US and other countries has forced thousands of Chinese factories to close and raised fears of unrest as millions are expected to lose their jobs.Chinese officials warn exports will continue to suffer because of the global slump, indicating the worst may be yet to come.Exercise ADirections: Listening to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about China’s main cocern at the G-20 meeting which is aimed at increasing domestic aonsumption. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1.the G-20 meeting2.tnterest rates3.$586 billion spending package4.tax rebates5.will help restore global economic stability6.vice Foerign Minister7.stabilizing its own8.is able to maintain stability9.China’s10.the world’s economy11.s pending package12.i ncreasing domestic consumptionPart 2 PassageRise and Fall of Egypt1.The Nile River was a kind friend but occasionally a hard taskmaster of the people who lived along its banks.2.In due course of time, one man who grew more powerful than most of his neighbors became their King.3.Provided he was not obliged to pay more taxes to his King than he thought just, he accepted the rule of pharaoh as accepted the rule of Mighty Osiris.4.It was different however when a foreign invader came and robbed him of his possessions.5.Egypt regained a semblance of independence when one of Alexander's generals set himself up as king of a new Egyptian state.The Nile River* was a kind friend but occasionally it was a hard taskmaster*. It taught the people who lived along its banks the noble art of "teamwork". They depended upon each other to build their irrigation trenches and keep their dikes in repair. In this way they learned how to get along with their neighbors and their mutual-benefit-association quite easily developed into an organized state.Then one man grew more powerful than most of his neighbors and he became the leader of the community and their commander-in-chief when the envious neighbors of western Asia invaded the prosperous valley. In due course of time he became their King and ruled all the land from the Mediterranean to the mountains of the west.But these political adventures of the old pharaohs* (the word meant "the Man who lived in the Big House") rarely interested the patient and toiling peasant of the grain fields. Provided he was not obliged to pay more taxes to his King than he thought lust, he accepted the rule of pharaoh as accepted the rule of Mighty Osiris *.It was different however when a foreign invader came and robbed him of his possessions.After twenty centuries of independent life, a savage Arab tribe of shepherds, called the Hyksos, attacked Egypt and for fivehundred years they were the masters of the valley of the Nile. They were highly unpopular and great hate was also felt for the Hebrews who came to the land of Goshen* to find a shelter after their long wandering through the desert and who helped the foreign usurper* by acting as his tax-gatherers and his civil servants.But shortly after the year 1700 B.C., the people of Thebes began a revolution and after a long struggle the Hyksos were driven out of the country and Egypt was free once more.A thousand years later, when Assyria* conquered all of western Asia, Egypt became part of the empire of Sardanapalus*. In the seventh century B.C., it became once more an independent stateExercise A Pre-listening Question,It is the Great Pyramid of Giza probably. The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period. The site was first prepared, and blocks of stone were transported and placed. An outer casing (which disappeared over the years) was then used to smooth the surface. Although it is not known how the blocks were put in place, several theories have been proposed. One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral rampExercise B Sentence Dictationthat was raised as the construction proceeded. This ramp, coated with mud and water, eased the displacement of the blocks which were pushed (or pulled) into place. A second theory suggests that the blocks were placed using long levers with a short angled foot.1.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed listeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. C2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.CExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The last Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, tried her best to save thecountry when the Romans came in the year 39 B. C. Her beauty and charm were more dangerous to the Roman generals than half a dozen Egyptian army corps. She was successful twice in her attacks upon the hearts of her Roman conquerors. In the year 30 B.c., Augustus landed in Alexandria and destroyed her armies. She killed herself by taking poison.2(Open)。

UNIT 8Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationCorporate Social Responsibility（企业的社会责任）Once upon a time, all- or almost all- businesses were (1) greedy and rapacious, sparing a thought for their (2)workers or the environment only in order to (3)work out how to exploit them. Then bosses found their (4) consciences, guided (or sometimes forced) by (5)customers or critics from the (6) non-profit world. They discovered the idea that companies should not exist only to make a profit but to (7) serve society. Thus corporate social responsibility (CSR) got its (8)start as a business fashion, and it is now hard to find a firm that has not (9) come up with an earnest (10) statement about its relations with the wider world.CSR is closely linked with the principles of (11) Sustainable Development in proposing that enterprises should (12) be obliged to make decisions based not only on the financial factors but also on the social and environmental (13) consequences of their activities. Issues like environmental damage, improper treatment of workers and (14) faulty production leading to customers inconvenience or danger, (15) are highlighted in the media.Some investors and investment fund managers have begun to （16）take account of a corporation’s policy in making （17）investment decisions.Some consumers have become increasingly sensitive to the CSR performance of the companies（18） from which they buy their goods and services. These trends （19） have contributed to the pressure on companies to（20）operate in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable way.Part 2 Listening for GistSmall retailers across the United States are facing the same challenge: competition from shopping malls（大型购物中心）and chain stores（连锁店）. But, in downtown Dickson, Tennessee, a group of retail merchants （零售商） have band ed together（紧密团结起来） to win back（赢回） their customers who have been attracted to shopping areas （商业圈） in the neighboring big city.Dickson is a typical small American city. It has quiet residential areas（居民区） and a nice little downtown that was once a thriving retail center. But according to David Hamilton, president of Dickson's Chamber of Commerce（商会）, highway construction over the past several years changed that. Being just 65 kilometers away from a big city like Nashville, Mr Hamilton says, presents another challenge to Dickson's downtown shopping area. "Because we're so close to Nashville, and because so many people work in Nashville, when they think about shopping, they think of going to Nashville malls."But small business owners in downtown Dickson didn't give up. Instead, they decided to fight back. More than 40 of them founded the Retail Merchants Association of Downtown Dickson. Members of the new association are committed to success; they pay monthly dues（月缴会费） and meet periodically to suggest and discuss creative ways of attracting more shoppers to downtown. Mr. Williams says one idea is creating events modeled on the annual Christmas parade through the downtown area that attracts a large number of city residents. Free refreshments （茶点，小吃） and giveaways （免费样品）will be part of these regular events. Mr. Williams says the group is also planning to beautify the downtown area with plants and paint.Though it might seem hard to compete with big chain stores, small retailers have an advantage. They have a personal approach in serving customers. Chamber of Commerce president David Hamilton agrees. He says retailers in his city serve customers well, and customers in return, should support them by shopping in their stores.The downtown area is the heart of a city. And members of Dickson's new Retail Merchants Association are determined to work together to keep the heart beating - to revitalize（使。

施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-2答案UNIT 2Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationMy MotherMy mother was an efficient (1) taskmaster who cooked, cleaned and shopped for nine people (2) on a daily basis. She was a disciplinarian* who would (3) make us seven kids walk up and down the stairs a hundred times if we clumped like (4)field hands to-dinner. She also enlisted us to help her in the day's (5) chores.My mother believed that each of her children had a special (6) knack that made him or her invaluable on certain (7)missions.My brother Mike, for example, was believed to have especially (8) keen eyesight. He was hoisted up as a human (9) telescope whenever she needed to see something (10) far away. John was the climber when a kite (11) got caught. My own job was navigator for our (12) gigantic old Chrysler.But my mother's (13) ability to get work done well was only (14) one side. She also had an (15) imagination that carried her in different directions. That (16) allowed her to transcend her everyday life. She did not (17) believe in magic as portrayed on a stage, but (18) valued instead the sound of a metal bucket being (19)filled by a hose, or the persistence of a dandelion at the (20)edge of a woodpile.Part 2 Listening for GistFor hundreds of years man has been fascinated by the idea of flying. One of the first men to produce designs for aircraft was Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist who lived in the fifteenth century. However, it was not until the eighteenth century that people began to fly, or perhaps it would be better to say float, across the countryside in balloons. The first hot-air balloon was made in April 1783 by the Montgolfier brothers in France.In the following years many flights were made by balloon. Some of the flights were for pleasure and others were for delivering mail and for military purposes, such as observation and even bombing. However, in the late nineteenth century, airship s superseded balloons as a form of transport.Airships came after balloons. The first powered and manned flight was made by a Frenchman, Giffard, in September 1852. His airship, powered by steam, traveled twenty-seven kilometers from Paris to Trappes at a speed of eight kilometers per hour. However the days of the airship were numbered as the aero- plane became increasingly safe and popular.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This passage is about the early history of flying.2.The key words are designs, an Italian artist, fifteenth century, eighteenthcentury, fly, float, balloons, hot-air balloon, April 1783, airships, September 1852, aeroplane.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueBuying a CarA: Good morning, can I help you?B: Yes, I'm interested in buying a car.A: Have you anything in mind?B: Not really.A: What price are you thinking of?B: Not more than £13,500.A: Let's see now ... Over there between the Lancia and the Volvo is a Mini. It costs £12,830 and is cheap to run: It does 38 miles per gallon. Or there's the Citroen, behind the Mini. It costs £12,070 and is even cheaper to run than the Mini: It does 45 miles per gallon. It's not very fast though. It only does 69 miles per hour.B: No, I think the Mini and the Citroen are too small. I've got three children.Isn't there anything bigger at that price?A: Well, there's the Toyota over there, to the left of the Peugeot. It's very comfortable and costs £13,040. It's cheap to run too, and it also has a built-in radio. Or there's the Renault at the back of the showroom, behind the Peugeot. It costs a little more, £13,240, but it is cheaper to run. It does 40 miles per gallon and the Toyota only does 36 miles per gallon.B: What about that Volkswagen over there, in front of the Toyota?A: That costs a little more than £13,500 but it's a very reliable car. It's more expensive to run than the others: It does 34 miles per gallon, but it's faster.Its top speed is 90 miles per hour. The Toyota's is 80 miles per hour and the Renault's is 82 miles per hour.B: How much does it cost?A: £13,630 and that includes a 5-year guarantee.B: And the Fiat next to the Volkswagen?A: Again that's more than £13,500, but it's cheaper than the Volkswagen. It costs £13,550.B: Hmm well, I'll have to think about it and study these pamphlets. How much is that Peugeot incidentally, behind the Lancia?A: Oh, that's expensive. It costs £15,190.B: Yes, that is a bit too much. Thank you very much for your help. Goodbye.Part 2 PassageThe Wrights ’ StoryOn the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, four flights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright. The starts were all made from a point on the level sand about 200 feet west of our camp, which is located a quarter of a mile north of the Kill Devil sand hill, in Dare County, North Carolina.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity* of 27 miles an hour at 10 a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer* at the Kitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.The flights were directly against the wind. Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alone with no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.After a run of about 40 feet along a monorail* track, which held the machine 8 inches (20 centimeters) from the ground, it rose from the track and under the direction of the operator climbed upward on an inclined course till a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached, after which the course was kept as near horizontal as the wind gusts and the limited skill of the operator would permit.Into the teeth of a December gale （逆风） the "Flyer" made its way forward with a speed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.It had previously been decided that for reasons of personal safety these first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible. The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering* in so gusty a wind and with no previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms. Consequently the first flight was short.The succeeding flights rapidly increased in length ，and at the fourth trial a flight of 59 seconds was made, in which time the machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air and a distance of 852 feet over the ground.The landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of the aviator. After passing over a little hummock* of sand, in attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder* too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected. The reverse movement of the rudder was a fraction of a second (转瞬间，顷刻) too late to prevent the machine from touching the ground and thus ending the flight. T £13,040 36m/g80m/hC £12,070 45m/g69m/hF£13,550VW £13,630 34m/g 90m/h M £12,830 38m/g V £15,850As winter was already well set in, we should have postponed the trials to a more favorable season, but we were determined to know whether the machine possessed sufficient power to fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous* winds, as well as in calm air.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionOrville Wright (1871-1948), American aeronautical engineer, famous for his role in the first controlled, powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine and for his participation in the design of the aircraft's control system. Wright worked closely with his brother, Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), American aeronautical engineer, in designing and flying the Wright airplane.During the years 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903, the two brothers developed the first effective airplane. At Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first successful flight of a piloted, heavier-than-air, self-propelled craft, called the Flyer. The third Flyer, which the Wrights constructed in 1905, was the world's first fully practical airplane. It could bank, turn, circle, make figure eights, and remain in the air for as long as the fuel lasted, up to half an hour on occasion.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1.On the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, fourflights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.Under the direction of the operator it climbed upward on an inclined coursetill a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached.3.Into the teeth of a December gale the "Flyer" made its way forward with aspeed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.4.The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering in so gusty a wind and withno previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms.5 .In attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1.Four flights were made on the morning of December 17, 1903, two by OrvilleWright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity of 27 miles an hour at 10a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer at theKitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.3.Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alonewith no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.4.The machine ran about 40 feet along a monorail track before it rose from thetrack.5.These first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible for reasonsof personal safety.6.The machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air in 59 secondsat the fourth trial.7.The early landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of theaviator.8.As winter was already well set in, it was not a favorable season for the trials. Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.Because they wanted to know whether the machine possessed sufficient powerto fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous winds as well as in calm air.2.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1World Basketball ChampionshipThe semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament is later today (Saturday) in the mid-western (US) state of Indiana.Argentina is the only undefeated team at the tournament. The South Americans have outscored their opponents by an average of 19 points per game. On Wednesday, Argentina shocked the host United States (87-80) to snap a 58-game international winning streak* by professional squads of the National Basketball Association players.Argentina also defeated Brazil (78-67) to reach the semifinal round where the team will face Germany. Primarily using European experienced players, Argentina defeated Germany earlier in the second round, 86-77.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States (81-78) in the quarterfinals, plays upstart* New Zealand. But Yugoslav head coach Svetislav Pesic says he is not surprised.The losers of each game will play for the third place on Sunday before the championship game.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.In the second round Argentina defeated Germany 86-77.2.Argentina also defeated Brazil to reach the seminal round.3.Before the semifinal round Argentina is the only undefeated team at thetournament.4.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States in thequarterfinals, plays against New Zealand.5.The four teams that will play in the semifinals are Argentina, Germany,Yugoslavia and New Zealand.6.The losers of each game will play for the third place before thechampionship game.News Item 2European FootballEnglish football club Liverpool crashed out of the Champions League, despite fighting back from a 3-0 deficit to tie FC Basel 3-3 in Switzerland. Liverpool needed a win Tuesday to qualify / for the second phase. Instead, the English club will play for the UEFA Cup. Basel became the first Swiss side ever to reach the last 16 of the Champions League, qualifying second in Group B· behind Valencia of Spain, which beat Spartak Moscow 3-0.English champion Arsenal played to a scoreless home draw against Dutch-side PSV Eindhoven to top Group A and move into the second phase, where the team will be seeded. They'll be joined by German team Borussia Dortmund*, which advanced despite a 1-0 loss to Auxerre in France.AS Roma played to a 1-1 draw against AEK Athens in Italy, to capture second place in Group C. Group winner Real Madrid of Spain will also advance, after drawing 1-1 with Racing Genk* in Belgium.In Group D, Inter Milan of Italy got a pair of goals from Hernan Crespo to beat Ajax Amsterdam 2-1 in the Netherlands. Both teams qualified at the expense of French side Lyon, which was held to a 1-1 draw by Rosenborg in Norway.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about European football matches.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNews Item 3Kemper Open Golf PreviewThe annual Kemper Open* golf tournament gets underway Thursdaynear Washington at the Tournament Players Club at Avenel.Twenty-eight-year-old American Rich Beem is back to defend his title. Before his victory here, he had missed the halfway cuts in five straight tournaments. He hopes he can again find his form during the next four days, as he is currently 132nd on the money list.The player who is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings, American Tiger Woods, decided to skip this event after winningthe rain-delayed Memorial Open in (Dublin) Ohio on Monday.Compatriot* Jeff Sluman says even Tiger has to take periodic breaks.He's unbelievable. He's got an opportunity, as I said even a couple years ago, if he stays healthy and does the right things, he can maybe be the best golfer of all time, and he's showing right now what he can do. The kid is just a fabulous,fabulous player, but he can't play every week."Eight of the past 10 Kemper Open winners are in this year's field of 156 golfers, who are vying for three million dollars in prize money. The first-place check has been increased from 450 thousand to 540 thousand dollars.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about an annual Kemper Open golf tournament on Thursday. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions."1.The Kemper Open golf tournament will be held on Thursday.2.Rich Beem comes back to defend his title.3.He is currently ranked 132nd on the money list.4.Tiger Woods is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings.5.He has to take a break after a match on Monday.6.There are 156 golfers taking part in this event.7.The total prize money is three million dollars.8.The prize for the first place is 540 thousand dollarsSection Four Supplementary ExercisePart 1 Feature ReportUS Men’s National Collegiate Basketball Tournament The widely followed US men's national collegiate basketball tournament concludes tonight (9 p.m. EST) in Atlanta with a championship match-up* between Maryland and Indiana.Maryland is in the championship game for the first time in the school history. To get here, the Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketball traditions: Kentucky, Connecticut and Kansas.Now they face another, Indiana. While Maryland was one of the four top seeds in this 65-team tournament, the Indiana Hoosiers* were a fifth seed, and virtually no one expected them to reach the title game*. But they knocked off defending champion Duke in the third round, and in the semifinals they upset Oklahoma.Maryland coach Gary Williams knows it will take a solid effort to win. "Any team that's gotten to where Indiana has gotten, you don't look at their record. You look at how they're playing now, how they play. Any time a team plays team defense like they do, they have a chance to beat anybody. That's what concerns me the most, their ability to play together as a unit, because a lot of times you can play with anybody when you play that close together like they do."Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season. The last time a team won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas in 1988. Maryland has a school record of 31 wins against only 4 losses. It has three seniors in the starting line-up* who reached the semifinals last year, and they are determined that this time they will take home the school's first men's national basketball championship.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about two teams that will compete for the championship of US men's national collegiate basketball tournament.Exercises BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.M aryland moves in the championship game for the first time in the schoolhistory.2.The Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketballtraditions before it reached the title game.3.Among the 65 teams, the Indiana team was a fifth seed.4.Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season.st year the Maryland Terrapins reached the semifinals.6. In 1988, the team who won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas.Part 2 PassageWho on Earth Invented the Airplane?1. He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Parisapartment and during the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visitfriends.2. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as theinventor of the airplane all over Europe.3. But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicitan avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count.4. His flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flewa predetermined length and then landed safely.5. By the time the Brazilian got around to(开始考虑做) his maidenflight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times,including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont, a bon vivant as well-known for his aerial prowess as he was for his dandyish* dress and place in the high-society life of Belle Epoque Paris.As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric* Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine."He would keep his dirigible* tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and every night he would fly to Maxim's for dinner. During the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends," Hoffman said.It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption* with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as the inventor of the airplane all over Europe.It was only later that Orville and Wilbur Wright proved they had beaten Santos-Dumont at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, three years earlier.But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicit* an avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count."It's one of the biggest frauds* in history," scoffs Wagner Diogo, a taxi driver in Rio de Janeiro."No one saw it, and they used a catapult* to launch the airplane."The debate centers on the definition of flight.Henrique Lins de Barros, a Brazilian physicist and Santos-Dumont expert, argues that the Wright brothers' flight did not fulfill the conditions that had been set up at the time to distinguish a true flight from a prolonged hop.Santos-Dumont's flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flew a predetermined length and then landed safely."If we understand what the criteria were at the end of the 19th century,the Wright brothers simply did not fill any of the prerequisites," said Lins de Barros.Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros concede* this is wrong. He says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in / Washington, says such claims are preposterous*.By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Even in France the Wrights are considered to have flown beforeSantos-Dumont, says Claude Carlier, director of the French Center for the History of Aeronautics and Space.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in .1901,Santos-Dumont helped prove that air travel could be controlled.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionAlberto Santos-Dumont was a wealthy Brazilian aviation pioneer who came to Paris, France, at the age of 18 to live and study. He attempted his first balloon ascent in 1897 and had his first successful ascent in 1898. He began to construct dirigible airships powered with gasoline-powered engines in 1898 and built and flew fourteen of the small dirigibles. In 1901, he flew his hydrogen-filled airship from St. Cloud, around the Eiffel Tower, and back to St. Cloud. It was the first such flight and won him the Deutsch Prize and a prize from the Brazilian government. In 1902, he attempted to cross the Mediterranean in an airship but crashed into the sea. In 1909, he produced his "Demoiselle" or "Grasshopper" monoplane, the precursor to the modern light plane.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.-T- 1. The Brazilians believe that it was Alberto Santos-Dumont who invented the airplane.(Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont ... )-T- 2. In Paul Hoffman's day Alberto Santos-Dumont was the only person to own a flying machine.(As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine.)-T- 3. According to Hoffman, Alberto Santos-Dumont used his dirigible as a means of transportation.(He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and he would fly to Maxim's for dinner every night and he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends during the day.)-F 4. On November 12, 1906, Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like device with boxy wings some 200 meters on the outskirts of Paris.(It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris.)-T- 5. Some Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with assistance by a device.(Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.)-T- 6. Some experts believe steady wind might have helped the Flyer's takeoff. (Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros ... , Lins de Barros says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.)-F7. Officials from the US National Air Force say such claims are groundless.(Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in Washington, says such claims are preposterous.)-T-8. The Wrights had already made several successful flights before Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight.(By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in 1901, Santos-Dumonthelped prove that air travel could be controlled.2.(Open)。

Unit 10Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationDo You Risk Enough to Succeed?During the semi-finals of the 1990 Wimbledon(1)tennis tournament, 16-year-old Yugoslav Monica Seles faced American Zina Garriaon. As the match (2) proceeded, it became clear that Seles’s most formidable (3) opponent was not Garrison but herself.“The match was so close,” said a crestfallen Seles afterward. “I was going for the (4)safe shots. Even on Zina’s second serve I was (5)scared to hit the ball for winners.”When things get (6) tough, conventional wisdom tell us to (7) play it safe, to pull in your horns. Consequently, rather than performing to (8) our potential, we concentrate on minimizing our losers. The results can be (9) catastrophic.If you find yourself shying away from (10) risks, these five tips will help you (10) tap into the adventurous spirit buried in us all.1. Take (11) dreams seriously.2. Take it in little steps . When starting something new, (12) figure out a first step and make it one you are reasonably sure of (13) accomplishing.3. Don’t say “don’t”, The Don’ts, a form of (14) negative goal setting, can be self-fulfilling because your mind (15) responds to pictures.4. Make your own (16) rules.5. Learn from your mistakes.By (17)embracing risk, you will accomplish more than you (18)ever thought you could. In the process you will (19) transform your life into an exciting adventure that will constantly challenge, reward and (20) rejuvenate you.Part 2 listening for GistIt'll be a dull day, with outbreaks of rain. There may be some heavy showers in the south-west later, with perhaps the odd thunderstorm. The outlook for tomorrow: continuing dull, but there should be some breaks in the cloud by midday. It'll be quitewarm, with a maximum temperature of about 16 to 17 degrees.Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This passage is about a weather forecast.2. The key words are rain, showers, thunderstorm, outlook, and maximum temperature.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueAdulthoodInterviewer: OK, Bruce, Ur, why is the late twenties better than, say, earlier twenties? Bruce: Ur, I think that when you’re in your, in the early twenties, you’re just getting over, um, teenage adolescent years, so now I think in the late twenties you kinda know a direction but, um, the early twenties are just too… you just kinda remember too many things of the teenage years and you're still trying to get a plan. But in the twenties, late twenties, you kind of know what you wanna do and you kind of have an idea of, of how to get it. And you know how to settle down, too. You can see a plan for getting things and also settling down.Interviewer: Hmm, um, is there a time in your life that you think you would call the most difficult time?Bruce: Probably the teenage years, like fourteen, fifteen ...Interviewer: Yeah?Bruce: Sixteen.Interviewer: The mid teens.Bruce: Yeah, I think the mid teens were the worst.Interviewer: So, Julie, why would you like to be a little girl again?Julie: Um, I think, uh, I think lately because the age I'm at now, I feel, is kind of a stressful age.Interviewer: Huh.Julie: When you're, when you're younger, you don't have as many worries and responsibilities.Interviewer: Yeah.Julie: You don't have all the stresses of life as an adult. I think at the age I'm at now, when you get out of college and you need to find a job...Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: And I'm single and I can't depend on my parents anymore...Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: And I have new responsibilities - just trying to get used to having new responsibilities and also figure out what I wanna do - there's lots of decisions. Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: I don't always know what the best thing to do is. Um, those are things that I need to learn.Interviewer: Yeah.Julie: Yeah.Interviewer: So, Ann, why was being in your thirties good?Ann: Because in your thirties you pretty much know what you like and what you don't like，and you're kind of settled into life. And, at least for me, that was a really good time. Actually, now that my sons are married and, and they're independent... Interviewer: Uh-huh.Ann: When I come to, come to think about it, I probably do more interesting things now for myself than I did when I was in my thirties ...Interviewer: Huh! For example...Ann: Well, now I'm playing in an orchestra, which I would never've had time to do when the boys were little and, urn, and I, ur, read a lot more than I did. Interviewer: Do you and your husband go out more?Ann: Ha! We do! We do. We go out to movies, and we go out to dinner, and we hope to be able to travel!Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the followingstatements are true (T) or false (F).l. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8.TPart 2 PassageSocial SecurityThe Social Security system in the US is a major source of retirement income for many. Thus Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?The Social Security Administration projected income and expense for the Social Security fund from 2000 to 2050. The figures for both income-tax revenues and benefits paid out are sobering*. It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans depend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement.The gap between revenue and expense arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed.The system was established in 1935 and was intended as an insurance policy against a poverty-ridden old age, a not uncommon fate for the elderly during the first decades of the 20th century.The Social Security system has been expanded many times since its inception*. It now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each. The system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually.In the 1930s, life expectancy in the US was 59.7 years; many people never reached the age of retirement. In 2001, life expectancy was 77.6 years; most people today live for quite a while on Golden Pond*. We're living longer and drawing from the Social Security fund for more years with each passing generation. The declining age of retirement only exacerbates* this trend.In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.Barring any restructuring of the system beforehand, Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s. At that point, if not sooner, one of two things will need to be done: (1) The Social Security tax rate willneed to be increased, or (2) Benefits paid out wij1 need to be reduced. The second solution may involve extending the retirement age to 70 or an even older age. Since none of these options is politically palatable (the elderly have the highest voting rate), it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.Since 3 out of every 10 Americans aged 65 or older depend on Social Security payments for 90% or more of their income (and 3 out of 5 depend on Social Security for 50% or more of their income) we must ask an important question: Are those of us now in our 30s and 40s planning on an alternative or supplemental retirement income?A: Pre-listening QuestionActually, it is a government scheme that provides economic assistance to those people faced with sickness, unemployment, maternity and retirement, etc. In this case, the cost is paid entirely out of taxation. If the cost is met wholly or partly from contributions paid by employers to the state, the scheme is usually called national insurance.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1. Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?2. It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans depend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement.3. The Social Security system now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each, and the system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually.4. In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.5. Since none of these options is politically palatable, it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.l. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. BD After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.The gap between revenues and expenses arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed. Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s.2. (Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1For development organizations, the meetings are a time to discuss some of the unfinished business of the G-20. Last month in London, its leaders pledged $1 trillion to the IMF for loans and other assistance to help cushion the developing world from the effects of the global financial crisisBut some questions remain. Activists say, for example, that the G-20 promised $100 billion for multi-lateral institutions like the African and Asian Development Banks, but did not specify where the money would come from.They also want clarification on how proposals made by the G-20 would work. One is the issuing of $250 billion worth of the IMF reserve currency, called Special Drawing Rights, or SDRs, to nations needing funding against the effects of the global financial downturn. It is estimated that nearly $19 billion would go to low income countries under the plan and $60 billion to middle income countries like Mexico and Brazil.SDRs, which are worth about $1.50 can be exchanged for the leading currencies, including the dollar, the euro and the yen.The IMF would distribute SDRs to states according to the size of their voting shares within the institution.This news item is about the G-20’s financing aid for developing countries and activists’ doubt.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Activists say that the G-20promised $100 billion for institutions like the African and Asian Development Banks, but did not specify where the money would come from.Also they want to know how proposals made by the G-20 would work. For example, $250 billion worth of the IMF reserve currency, called Special Drawing Rights would be issued to nations needing funding. According to the plan, nearly $19 billion would go to low income countries and $60 billion to middle income countries.SDRs, which are worth about$1.50or £1 can be exchanged for the leading currencies.The IMF would distribute SDRs to states according to the size of their voting shares within the institution.News Item 2President Obama says he is pleased with the results of his first international summit.He says it was productive, and predicts it will be seen as a turning point in the pursuit of a global economic recovery.Speaking to reporters just hours after the summit was adjourned, the president spoke of the consensus achieved by countries who came in with different priorities and perspectives.The president did not get a concrete promise from others for substantial increases in government domestic spending - a tool he has used at home to boost the U.S. economy. But there was agreement to provide funding for $1 trillion in additional loans and credits for struggling countries through the International Monetary Fund and other institutions. And the summit started the process of clamping down on tax havens for the wealthy and loosely regulated investment funds for the rich.Mr. Obama said the G-20 meeting approved critical, bold steps. He said there is no guarantee they will all work, but he stressed the healing process has begun.This news item is about President Obama’s comment on the G-20 meeting.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1.President Obama attended the G-20 meeting.2.He was pleased with the result.3.He boosted the U.S. economy with substantial increases in governmentdomestic spending.4.No, it wasn’t.5.There was agreement to provide funding for $1 trillion in additional loansand credits for struggling countries through the international Monetary Fund and other institutions.6.No, they won’t.News Item 3The free-trade pact between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations brings together a market of 1.9 billion people. Already trade between the two is $200 billion a year, and that is expected to grow.The deal, signed in 2002, goes into effect on Friday, January 1, creating the world's third largest trade zone behind the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement.Under the pact, tariffs will be eliminated on about 90 percent of goods traded among China, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. For the remaining ASEAN states, Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, the tariff reductions will cone into effect in 2015.Chinese officials say about 7,000 items will have zero tariffs while preferential access will be given for companies from China and ASEAN into service industries such as tourism.China is likely to increase imports of ASEAN raw materials, food and beverages and luxury goods jewelry.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the free trade deal between china and ASEAN.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. F6. F7. T8. TSection Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportGlobal Economic Upturn Seen as 2010 Approaches 2009 began with a sinking global economy paralyzed by a worldwide credit crunch, stung by a cascading failure of banks and financial institutions, and undermined by panic and pessimism on the part of consumers and investors from Wall Street to Tokyo. Central banks and governments fought back with massive cash injections, financial rescue packages and stimulus programs, but success in containing the crisis was far from assured.The global economy is expected to show a 1.1 percent drop in output for 2009, following a five percent expansion in 2007 and three percent growth in 2008.The past year has seen sharp spikes in unemployment, which peaked at 10.2 percent in the United States, 9.8 percent in Europe, 9 percent in Brazil and 5.7 percent in Japan.But a turnaround is underway, according to U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner“The U.S. economy and the world economy a re now growing again. Businesses are starting to invest again, consumers are now spending, business and consumer confidence has improved, global trade is now expanding at an encouraging pace."But analysts warn that perils remain, and badly needed financial reforms in the United States and elsewhere have yet to be implementedPolicymakers must also decide when to wind down unprecedented levels of government stimulus and financial support. Those measures were deemed necessary in the face of an economic crisis, but can spark inflation if sustained for too long.The global economic downturn struck advanced industrialized nations particularly hard, providing an opening for rising economic powers like India and China to shine on the world stage.For many nations, the passing of the financial crisis means attention must be refocused on long-term problems that preceded the global recession. In the United States, massive government debt continues to grow at a time when an aging population is placing ever-greater demands on social welfare programs.In much of the developing world, such as in Kenya, other challenges must be tackled.Unlike in past economic rebounds, the United States is not in a position to drive global growth.Analysts say global economic growth will likely be powered by rapid expansion in countries like China and India, with contributions also coming from lesser developed nations.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the global economic upturn after the financial crisis.B: Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. T7. T8. FPart 2 PassageThursday is the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin. His landmark book on evolution, On the Origin of Species, was published 150 years ago, and it's still considered perhaps the most important science book ever.In his book, Darwin described the idea of natural selection - species change and evolve, and organisms with characteristics more suitable to survival are more likely to reproduce. His ideas upended a 19th century world where most people believed that plants and animals always had their present form, and always would.His theory of evolution, as it's sometimes called, itself evolved over more than two decades, beginning with a five-year sea voyage aboard a British survey ship called the Beagle, where he served as naturalist, collecting specimens and observing exotic plants and animals.To get a larger picture of Charles Darwin the man and scientist, we're joined by an anthropologist who has written about Darwin and natural selection. We reached Mr. Milner at his home in New York.Charles Darwin was the son of two generations of English country physicians. He was born a naturalist, he said. When he was a little kid he loved poking under rocks, looking for fossils and bird's nests, making collections. His father shipped him off to medical school when he was 16 to be a doctor, like the rest of his family. But he couldn't stand the sight of blood.So then his father said, why don't you be a clergyman? So he was studying at Cambridge to be a churchman. But he could not get rid of this love he had for nature and trying to understand the birds and the beasts. And so when an offer came through one of his professors to be the ship's naturalist on a surveying ship, H.M.S. Beagle, that was going to do a five-year voyage around the world, he got permission to go, and he said, that was the start of my real life, that was the start of my real education.“So he sailed on the Beagle, which skirted around the coast of South America among other places in its journey over five years starting in 1831, and was there someplace along the line a "eureka moment" for Charles Darwin?”“Yeah, he had a eureka moment, but it had nothing to do with evolution.”“What was it that he saw during his voyage on the Beagle that firmed up for him the concept of natural selection?”“Well, Darwin, first of all, he was a collector on that ship. He collected thousands of specimens of rocks, fossils, insects, and birds. And he started to see patterns. He began to get the idea that all of life is related, and this is probably even more important than the idea of natural selection. The great tree of life. Darwin saw that we're all netted together, all living things are our cousins, and that's the foundation of evolutionary biology with or without natural selection.“Well, it's a pretty radical concept.”A: pre-listeningCharles Darwin (12 February 1809-19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book on the origin of species. The scientific community and much of the general public came to accept evolution as a fact in his lifetime, but it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin’s scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. B: sentence Dictation1. His ideas upended a 19th century world where most people believed that plants and animals always had their present form, and always would.2. His theory of evolution, as it's sometimes called, itself evolved over more thantwo decades, beginning with a five-year sea voyage aboard a British survey ship.3. So he was studying at Cambridge to be a churchman. But he could not get rid of this love he had for nature and trying to understand the birds and the beasts.4. When an offer came through one of his professors to be the ship's naturalist ona surveying ship, H.M.S. Beagle, that was going to do a five-year voyage around the world, he got permission to go.5. Darwin saw that we're all netted together, all living things are our cousins, and that's the foundation of evolutionary biology with or without natural selection.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: listen to the passage and choose the best answer.1. B2. A3. A4. B.5. C6. D7. C8. BD: after-listening discussionDirections: listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.In his book, Darwin described the idea of natural selection----species change and evolve, and organisms with characteristics more suitable to survival are more likely to reproduce.。