Comparison-Contrast-对比与对照

英语词汇（145）compare、contrast 英语词汇（145）compare、 contrast佳中comparecontrastcompare “比较”，指把两个或两个以上的人或物加以比较，找出其中的相同点和不同点。

名词是 comparison 。

常用结构是：compare …… with …… (将……与……比较)compare with (能与……相比)compare …… to …… （把……比喻成……)1) After I compared two versions, I decided to take the original one.（我比较两种版本之后,决定把原来的一种。

）2) I decided not to set too rigid a standard and not to compare myself with others.（我决定不定太严格的标准,不把自己和别人进行比较。

）3) How does your new house compare with you old one?（你的新房子如何能与你房子相比呢？4) Life is often compared to a voyage.（人生常被比喻成是海上航行。

5) His eloquence may be compared to afast-flowing river.（他的口才好比水流湍急的河流。

）contrast “对照”，指把两种东西进行对比、对照。

从而找出相异之处。

可用作动词或名词，常用结构是：动词contrast wit …….. (与……对照)名词contrast to ……. (与……对照)1) This cold weather contrasts with last week’s heat.（这冷天气同上星期的热天气成想鲜明对比。

）2) His elegant clothes contrast sharply with his rough speech.His elegant clothes are a sharp contrast to his rough speech.（他华丽的衣服与他的粗糙的语言形成强烈的对比。

英语四级考前比较和对比写作方法急训英语四级考前比较和对比写作方法急训比较（comparison）主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物的'共同点或相似之处，如人物、地点、事物、思想、观点等。

对照（contrast）主要是指出它们的不同点。

相同的或类似的特征可以组成比较，不同的特征则可以组成对照。

不仅如此，比较和对比常常同时使用，这是因为比较中往往隐含着对比。

比较和对比常有两种形式，即整体比较和对比（block comparison and contrast）与逐项比较（alternating comparison）。

「Example 」Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War， their lives，both military and nonmilitary，has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War.After the Civil War， Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He，too，received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War， when he was the commander of the Confederate armies， is well known. Although it is not always pointed out by historians he，like Grant，had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled to out by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled todeclare bankruptcy. By securing a postas president of Washington College，he was able to avoid additional poverty. （整体比较）The same qualities that make people good house guests make them good hospital patients. Good house guests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf，and hospital patients can also. Guests have to adjust to what is for them a change， and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining，unpleasant，unappreciative house guest，and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits， so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.（逐项比较）。

Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法一．目标、重点和难点目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）；难点：训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。

二．A Brief Introduction1. Definitions of comparison and contrastComparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.Contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more things are different.2. Two methods to organize a comparison and contrast essay使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式1）逐点比较方式Point-by-point method(or alternating arrangement): You alternatepoints about A (one thing) with comparable points about B (another thing). AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。

2）块状比较方式Item-by-item method (or block arrangement): You discuss all of A, then all of B. 先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。

3. structureUsually, comparison and contrast essay writing consists of three parts: Introduction, Body and Conclusion.Introduction often begins with a sentence that will catch the reader’s interest. Then name the two subjects and state that they are very similar or quite different, having many important (or interesting) similarities or differences.Body discusses how both subjects are different or similar with the two methods (alternating or block arrangement).Conclusion gives a brief, general summary of the most important similarities and differences. End with a personal statement, or a prediction.4．SamplesSample1 Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy variouskinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too.The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worrie s. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. Y ou may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.Sample2 Middle School Life and College Life There are many differences between middle school and the college.First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study.In contrast，we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.Sample3 The Senate and the House of Representatives [Introduction]As we all know, in the USA, Congress is responsible for making laws. Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. In this essay, you will learn the differences between the two houses of Congress.[Body]There are many differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Vice President of the United States is the head of the Senate. He must vote in the Senate if there is a tie (平局). On the other hand, the head of the House of Representatives is called the Speaker of the House, who is elected by representatives. Another difference is that the Senate is made up of 100 senators, two from each state. The House of Representatives, however, is made up of 435 representatives. The number of representatives from each state is determined by that state’s population. A thir d difference is that senators are elected to serve six-year terms, while representatives are elected to serve two-year terms.[Conclusion]Although Congress is made up of two types of lawmakers, they must work together for the benefit of all Americans.三．写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。

Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。

2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。

范文一：Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life.Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the moviesBut city life has many problems, too.or the disco club after a day’s hard work.The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack ofLiving understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness.in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. T hings are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remotecorners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages andyou enjoy pleasures of both lives disadvantages. The best solution may be thatand get rid of their inconveniences.范文二：Middle School Life and College Life，There are many differences between middle school and the college. First in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to，we must study by ourselves understand the content of the text. But in collegebefore class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girlsmust have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- orgirlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear theclothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. T he third，in the middle school，we must study first.That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to doeverything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully.There are also other differences between our school life and our college life.We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三．写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。

Comparison and Contrast1. A comparison explains how things are similar, and a contrast, how they are different.Principles of selection and development in writing a comparison and contrast paper:1)Only items (usually two) of the same general class can be compared/ contrasted.2)A comparison and contrast essay usually follows one of these two patterns, thesubject-by-subject pattern or the point-by-point pattern.In the former pattern, the writer discusses the various aspects of one item before going on the other; while in the latter case, the writer discusses both items under each of the various aspects compared/ contrasted.2. Mode 1: (better in short essays, where few aspects are considered, or where the writer’s interest is on the whole.)I Topic SentenceII Subject 1A characteristic 1B characteristic 2C characteristic 3,4,5…III Subject 2A characteristic 1B characteristic 2C characteristic 3,4,5…IV Concluding SentencesMode 2: (preferable in long essays where many aspects are mentioned)I Topic SentenceII Characteristic 1A Subject 1B Subject 2 (in comparison/ contrast to A Subject 1)III Characteristic 2A Subject 1B Subject 2IV Characteristic 3A Subject 1B Subject 2V Concluding Sentence3. Example 1:I IntroductionII Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepA Point 1------PriceB Point 2------Options A vailableC Point 3------Gas MileageD Point 4------Frequency of RepairIII Discussing Object B------ Shanghai SuntanaA Point 1------PriceB Point 2------Options A vailableC Point 3------Gas MileageD Point 4------Frequency of RepairIV ConclusionExample 2:I IntroductionII Point 1-------PriceA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaIII Point 2------Options A vailableA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaIV Point 3------Gas MileageA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaV Point 4------Frequency of RepairA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaVI Conclusion4. Useful Expressions in Comparison Essay:1) Both X and Y are _________.2) X and Y have/ seem to have/ seemed to have/ happen to have sth in common/ much in common/ some features in common/ many features in common/ some common features.3) X and Y are/ seem to be/ happen to be basically/ essentially/ to certain extent the same.4) In the same way X ________, Y __________.5) X corresponds to ___________.6) A comparison between X and Y demonstrates/ results in/ reveals/ suggests/ shows/ seems interesting.7) X is like Y in ____________.Useful Expressions in Contrastive Essay:1)X is different from Y.2)X differs from Y.3)X and Y differ/ seem to differ as far as the main postulates are concerned.4)There are some/ a great difference between X and Y.5)In contrast to X, Y __________.6)Unlike X, Y __________.7)Whereas/ While/ Whilst X ___________, Y ____________.8)X ___________ in contrast, Y __________.9)Y __________, while/ whereas/ whilst on the other hand, X ___________.5. Some transitions used in comparison:both, each, at the same time, similarly, like, likewise, as, too, also, compared with, etc.Some transitions used in Contrast:on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast (with/ to), instead (of), the opposite (of), unlike, although, while, whereas, but, however, yet, nevertheless, etc.6. Example: Traditional Family and Modern FamilyI Similarities (general idea)A Nuclear FamilyB The Role of FatherC The Role of MotherII DifferencesA The Man Role1.Traditional Family: Head of the household (work outside)Modern Family: Both work2.Traditional Family: Man makes big decisionModern family: Shared by couples3.Traditional Family: Man not help with houseworkModern Family: Shared by couplesB The Women’s Role1.Traditional Family: Quit for birthModern Family: Work after birth2.Traditional Family: Live on man’s incomeModern Family: Live on her own incomeC The Role of Children1.Traditional Family: Taken care by motherModern Family: Child-care centre2.Traditional Family: School-age children dependentModern Family: School-age children independent6. Exercises1)Travelling by Train and by Plane2)Chinese and Western Medicine or Food。

contrast近义词名词对比的近义词名词对于表达相同或相似含义的词语，我们通常会使用近义词来进行替换。

在英语中，"contrast"是一种常见的表达方式，用以比较两个或多个事物之间的差异。

本文将介绍一些与"contrast"相似的近义词名词，以帮助读者丰富词汇并提升表达能力。

1. Comparison（比较）Comparison指的是对两个或多个事物之间的相似性和差异进行详细的分析和描述。

在比较中，我们可以利用各种因素来评估事物之间的不同之处，例如：外观、特征、功能等。

通过比较，我们可以更好地理解事物之间的关系，并得出结论。

2. Distinction（区别）Distinction用于描述两个或多个事物之间的差异或区别。

与contrast 类似，distinction强调事物之间显著的差异。

在使用distinction时，我们可以着重强调事物之间的特征、属性或功能的不同之处。

通过分析事物的区别，我们可以深入了解它们的独特之处。

3. Variation（变化）Variation指的是事物之间的差异或变化，是对比的一种表达方式。

这种差异可以体现在形状、大小、颜色、性质、程度等多个方面。

通过研究事物的变化，我们可以更好地理解其特点，并将其与其他事物进行对比。

4. Disparity（差异）Disparity用于描述事物之间的差异或不相等。

与contrast相比，disparity更强调差异的程度。

通过使用disparity，我们可以突出事物之间的明显差异，提示读者关注这些差异。

这有助于我们对不同事物进行深入的比较和理解。

5. Parity（相似）Parity用于描述事物之间的相似性或相等程度。

与contrast相反，parity着重于说明事物之间的共同点与相似之处。

通过使用parity，我们可以归纳出两个或多个事物之间的共同特征，以及它们之间的相似之处。

6. Resemblance（相似）Resemblance描述的是两个或多个事物之间的相似性。

Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。

2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。

范文一：Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life.Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are morecultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too.The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worr ies. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remotecorners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.范文二：Middle School Life and College LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, tounderstand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- orgirlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first.That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to doeverything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully.There are also other differences between our school life and our college life.We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三．写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。

表示比较的两个词comparison & contrast的区别首先看看这两个词的含义comparison - When you compare things, you consider them and discover the difference or similarity between them.compare更侧重于比较事物间的共同点，发现他们不同的地方。

e.g. Compare with dogs, cats are cleaner. 猫比狗干净。

猫和狗都干净，比较而言猫更加干净。

就干净这一点，它们是有共同点的。

contrast - A contrast is a great difference between two or more things which is clear when you compare them.contrast更侧重于比较不同点e.g. Cats catch mice, by contrast, dogs don't. 猫捉老鼠，但是狗不捉老鼠。

这一点上，猫和狗大不相同。

很多时候，这两者可以连起来用。

请看在网上找到的这个例句e.g. Please compare and contrast education in China and America. 请对中国和美国的教育系统做一下对比。

即相同点和不同点都做对比。

总的来说，compare是比较同类事物，而contrast是比较不同类的事物。

换句话说compare 侧重的是相同点的比较，而contrast侧重的是不同点的比较。

很多时候，这两者可以连用，表示对照比较。

Comparison: in comparison, in comparison with, also, similarly, likewise etc.This book is funny and easy to understand in comparison.Judging from your recent information, it seems that your market conditions have not been favorable in comparison with other markets.Those who feel frigid towards their neighbors are mostly the working people. By comparison, retirees and housewives are more sociable, as they spend more time about the housing estates. You’ll have to get a passport, and you’ll also need a visa.Men wear a jacket and tie; similarly, women wear a skirt or dress.Pleased to meet you. Likewise.Contrast: in contrast to, by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather than, however, unlike, though, conversely etc.In contrast to your belief that the project will fail; I’m confident that it will succeed.The coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the central plains are extremely cold.The older a male is , the more valuable he is and the younger a female is, the costlier she is . The older a male is , the more valuable he is while a female is on the contrary.My job is not well paid, but on the other hand I don’t have to work long hours.I can go to the meeting instead of my sick brother.You take his advice rather than my suggestion.However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.Unlike last year, the company has made big profits this year.The essay is all right; there is room for improvement, though.Everybody suggest him to do a teacher, but he didn’t choose that career conversely.however和whatever引导从句时的用法However的用法主要有以下两点：（一）用作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……”“无论如何……”，具体结构有以下两种：1．however+形容词+主语+系动词，例：However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。