7. A) She thinks he should bargain more. B) She thinks the price is too high.C) She thinks the dresser is too ugly. D) She thinks the dresser is quite large.8. A) It’s cold and warm air is needed.B) It’s cool enough, but an open window could make it too cold.C) It’s hot outside, so don’t open the window.D) I t’s nice and warm in the room.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) He was watching the documentary on TV. B) He was attending a party.C) He was watching a movie. D) He was attending a meeting.10. A) About human beings. B) About mosquitoes.C) About the earth. D) About insects.11. A) Insects are around long before people were.B) There are far more insects than there are humans.C) Insects lead a happier life than humans do.D) Insects are incredibly adaptable.12. A) Because scientists like mosquitoes.B) Because mosquitoes adapt quickly and can change their body chemistry.C) Because the medicine against mosquitoes is of bad quality.D) Because there are too many mosquitoes.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) He was studying. B) He was making noises.C) He was nodding off. D) He was looking for a book.14. A) It is interesting. B) It is boring.C) It is exciting. D) It is challenging.15. A) Because Professor Rivers is interested in women’s studies.B) Because Professor Rivers is fond of Professor Anderson.C) Because Professor Rivers knows a little in this area.D) Because Professor Rivers has a lot of spare time.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter with a singer line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) He will experience feelings of failure.B) He will experience states of worry.C) He will lose his natural enthusiasm for life.D) He will become angry.17. A) Consistency is very important in parental teaching.B) To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is the foundation for morality.C) Parents usually spoil their children very much.D) All parents realize that “example is better than principles”.18. A) Parents are very strict towards their children.B) Parents work hard and have little time for their children.C) Parents are not honest and do not practice what they advise.D) Parents require their children to learn many new skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have heard.19. A) Because boys and girls are being prepared for different social roles.B) Because boys are more courageous.C) Because toy makers want to diversify their products.D) Because parents have different expectations for boys and girls.20. A) The craftsmanship in toy making has remained essentially unchanged.B) Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.C) The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.D) Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.21. A) The weather. B) The economic state.C) Local customs and ways of life. D) The technical level.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Tiger. B) Bear. C) Fox. D) Wolf.23. A) He ran through the forest quickly.B) He stopped dead and was too scared to do anything.C) He fired his gun at the bear.D) He lost his balance and fell down the hill.24. A) He had a broken leg. B) He had a broken arm.C) He was too scared to move. D) He was too weak to move.25. A) He would leave the bear alone. B) He would pray for the bear.C) He would kill the bear. D) None of the above.Part ⅡVocabulary and StructureDirections: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.26.We can ______ with four computers at the moment, but we’ll need a couple more whenthe new staff arrives.A. go forB. go offC. get throughD. get by27. Foreign cars have ______ the UK markets.A. swampedB. abolishedC. stripedD. authorized28. The smell of cigarette smoke _____ what he had suspected: there had been a party in hisabsence.A. confirmedB. insuredC. supplementD. guarantee29. A helicopter flies by the _____ movement of its blades.A. circlingB. rotateC. rotaryD. round30. Though you frequently make mistakes, your accomplishments, ____, outweigh your faults.A. under no circumstancesB. in additionC. on balanceD. with a small margin31. The map was very _______. I could not figure it out.A. intriguingB. indispensableC. complicatedD. insecure32. The last guests didn’t _____ till well after midnight.A. departB. disappearC. patrolD. analyze33. In the summer Jim and I have breakfast out on the ______.A. avenueB. cabinC. openD. patio34. He came back to the tent very late and _____ in as silently as he could.A. creptB. skiedC. flutteredD. wandered35. Come on, it’s time to _____ these toys _____.A. turn / overB. take / offC. let / looseD. put / away36. His ideas are _____ with the spirit of his age.A. in essenceB. in tuneC. in timeD. in principle37. She was so thirsty that she drank a ______ of orange juice.A. cargoB. cobC. cartonD. carriage38. The police interviewed the dead man’s relatives, friends and ______.A. cripplesB. weathermenC. shipmatesD. victims39. Mr. and Mrs. Baker send their ______ regrets that they are unable to attend the dinnerparty on Friday.A. moralB. solitaryC. sincereD. brilliant40. I think he’s a little ______ after his long journey.A. solitaryB. wearyC. humbleD. drearyDirections: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)If Women Were More Like Men: Why Females Earn LessOne of the oldest debates in contemporary social science is why women earn less than men. Conservatives tend to argue that because women anticipate taking time off to raise children, they have fewer incentives to work hard in school, and they choose careers where on-the-job training and long hours are less important. Liberals tend to focus on sex discrimination as the explanation. Obviously some mixture of those factors is at work, but academics have long been frustrated when they try to estimate which force is greater: women’s choice or men’s discrimination.A new study looks at this problem in a wonderfully inventive way. In previous studies, academic have looked at variables like years of education and the effects of outside forces such as nondiscrimination policies. But gender was always the constant. What if it didn’t have to be? What if you could construct an experiment in which a random sample of adults unexpectedly changes sexes before work one day? Kristen Schilt, a sociologist at the University of Chicago and Matthew Wiswall, an economist at New York University, couldn’t quite pull off that study. But they have come up with the first systematic analysis of the experiences of transgender people in the labor force. And what they found suggests that raw discrimination remains potent in U.S. companies.Schilt and Wiswall found that women who become men (known as FTMs) do significantly better than men who become women(MTFs)> MTFs in the study earned, on average, 32% less after they transitioned from male to female, even after the authors controlled for factors like educational levels. FTMs earned an average of 1.5% more. The study was just published in the Berkeley Electronic Press’ peer-reviewed Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy.The men and women in the study had already gone to school and made their career choices. Some of them changed jobs after they transitioned, and some stayed in the same jobs. Some were out to their employers: others started completely new lives as members of the opposite sex. Regardless, the overall pattern was very clear, newly minted women were punished, and newly minted men got a little bump-up in pay.Still, the paper is complex, so it’s useful to step back first and look at where the largerdebate over the gender wage gap stands. After all, isn’t that gap narrowing to the point of obscurity? Actually, no. The Russell Sage Foundation published the most authoritative work on the gender wage gap in 2006. The Declining Significance of Gender? In the book, Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn, both Cornell economists, show that the average full-time female worker in the U.S. earns about 79% of what average full time male worker makes. Women employed full-time actually tend to have slightly more education than men, but women are still more likely to work in clerical and service jobs. Blau and Kahn say women do make different choices when they decide on college majors and jobs---even highly educated women more often choose “female” occupations that pay less---but the authors also note that discrimination persists. As one example, they cite a 2000 study which found when symphony orchestras switched to blind audition---those in which the musicians play behind a screen---women hand a significantly better chance of being hired.The good news is that the gender wage gap has narrowed. In 1978, full-time women workers earned just 61% of what full- time men did, compared to 79% now. But what to make of the big difference in the experiences of those transgenders who have become women versus those who have become men? Schilt, one of the authors of the new article, interviewed a female-to-male transgender attorney a few years ago. As a younger attorney, the lawyer had been Susan; now he was Thomas. He told Schilt that after he transitioned from female to male, another lawyer mistakenly believed that Susan had been fired and replaced by Thomas. The other lawyer commended the firm’s boss for the replacement. He said Susan had been incompetent: “the new gay,” he added, “was just delightful.”Such stories help explain an interesting feature of transgender life：men who want to change outward gender wait an average of 10 years longer to transition than women, according to the new article by Schilt and Wiswall. ”MTFs attempt to preserve their male advantage at work for as long as possible.”they write, “whereas FTMs may seek to shed their female gender identity more quickly.”It should be noted that many transgender men do experience discrimination, especially if they are short and if they don’t look convincingly male. Also, it’s harder for MTFs to pass than FTMs: men who become women still have larger hands and bigger frames. The less-convincing appearance of MTFs probably explains part of the reason they earn so much less after they transition. Still, the new paper suggests an entirely new vein of research in the field. It also suggests that if you’re thinking about changing sexes, you should carefully consider the economic consequences.41. According to the passage, the reason of female earn less is ________.A. women’s choicesB. men’s discriminationC. conventional prejudiceD. not concluded so far42. The author’s tone is ______.A. subjectiveB. extremeC. objectiveD. none of the above43. The study tries to look at where the larger debate over the _______ stands.A. sex discriminationB. gender wage gapC. problems in running a businessD. differences between male and female44. But what to make of the big difference in the experiences of those transgenders who havebecome women versus those who have become men? Here “transgender s” means_______.A. masculine femalesB. people looking differentC. feminine malesD. people changing sexes45. According to the passage, you have to be careful about the _______ of being transgenders.A. economic factorsB. traditional biasC. health conditionD. tough working requirements（每小题2 分，共20分）Directions:There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage one：In a society, such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students don't memorize information. Instead, they work individually and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of the Orient reflects society's belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teaching methods are often very formal. The teacher lectures, and the students listen. There is not much discussion. Instead, the students recite rules or information that they have memorized.There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school. They also study morehours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, butit prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.46. The reason why American teachers attach much importance to individualism is that .A) they are required to do soB) their students do not memorize informationC) the United States is multicultural countryD) their students work individually47. Which of the following statements applies to Asian methods of education?A) Each child in a classroom draws a different picture.B) Students have to find information themselves.C) Students are prepared for a society that values discipline.D) Teachers serve as a guide in discussion.48. An ideal educational system would be the one that _________.A) have more advantagesB) is the combination of Western and Oriental methodsC) is based on the Western systemD) rests on the Asian system49. The author is convinced that ___________.A) different educational systems reflect different culture of the societiesB) students from Western countries are creative but selfishC) Asian students are merely interested in math and scienceD) there are more advantages to Western system of education than to Oriental one50. The author is focuses on _________.A) the differences in methods of education between Orient and WestB) the advantages and disadvantages to both of the Western and Asian educational systemC) how Asian school systems reflect group goalsD) how Western school systems mirror the value of individualismPassage two:However important we may regard school life to be, there is no question that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and damage school objective.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils' progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been teaching his child in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent turn his paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let the child participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculation mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying his work.Too often, however, teachers' conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children's behaviors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents' minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters' capacities.51. The main idea of the passage is _________________.A) home training is more important than school training because a child spends so manyhours with his parentsB) teachers can and should help parents understand and further the objectives of the schoolC) there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be completed at homeD) parents have the responsibility to help students to do their homework52. The author directly discusses the fact that _____________.A) parents drill their children too much in arithmeticB) principals have explained the new art programs to parentsC) a father can have his son help him construct articles at homeD) a parent's misguided efforts can be redirected to proper channels53. A method of parent-teacher communication mentioned by the author is __________.A) traditional progress report formsB) child-teacher interviewsC) demonstration lessonsD) workshops54. The author implies that _____________.A) participation in interesting activities related to a school subject improves one'sachievement in that areaB) too many children are lazy and have poor work habitsC) school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parentsD) only a small part of the school day should be given for drilling in arithmetic55. The author's purpose in writing this article is to _________________.A) tell parents to pay more attention to the guidance of teachers in the matter of educationalactivities in the homeB) help ensure that every child's capacities are fully developed when he leaves schoolC) urge teachers and school administrators to make use of a much underused resource tocooperate with the parentD) improve the teaching of mathematics（每小题3分，共15 分）Directions: Translate the following sentences in English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.56. 作为新闻和舆论的载体( carrier )，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。
