A SERVICE-ORIENTED APPROACH TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF IT RISK

拓展创新学程第三册Unit 4What is life?基础知识盘点Ⅰ.重点单词1．wayward adj.难以控制的，任性的，倔强的2．shiver v i.& n．颤抖，哆嗦(因寒冷、恐惧、激动等)3．abyss n．深渊4．echo v i.回响，回荡n．回响，回声，回音；映现，暗示，启示，反响；共鸣，附和，重复5．torture v t.使痛苦，使苦恼，使焦急，使受煎熬；拷打，拷问n．拷打，拷问，酷刑；(精神上或肉体上的)折磨，痛苦，折磨人的事物6．clarity n．清晰，清楚，明确；清晰的思维(或理解)能力；(画面、物质或声音的)清晰，清楚，清澈7．prologue n．序言，序幕，开场白8．magnet n．磁铁，磁石，吸铁石；有吸引力的人(或地方、事物)；磁体，磁性物体9．epic adj.具有史诗性质的，史诗般的；漫长而艰难的，艰苦卓绝的；宏大的，壮丽的，给人深刻印象的n．史诗；史诗般的作品；壮举，惊人之举10．heel n．脚跟，脚后跟11．grip n．理解，了解；紧握，紧抓；(对……的)控制，影响力v t.(gripped，gripped)紧握，紧抓；使感兴趣，使激动，吸引住(某人)的注意；对……产生强有力的影响12．neglect v t.忽略，忽视，不予重视；疏于照顾，未予看管；疏忽，疏漏n．忽略，忽视，未被重视13．faculty n．官能，天赋；才能，能力；(高等院校的)系，院；(高等院校中院、系的)全体教师14．gaze n．凝视，注视v i.凝视，注视，盯着15．imprint v t.产生重大影响，铭刻，使铭记；印，压印n．印记，压印，痕迹；持久影响16．listlessness n．无精打采，没有活力17．glimpse n．一瞥，一看18．inhabitant n．(某地的)居民，栖息动物19．overtone n．弦外之音，言外之意，暗示20．hint n．暗示，提示，示意；征兆，迹象v i.& v t.暗示，透露，示意21．petty adj.小的，琐碎的，次要的；小气的，狭隘的22．overwhelmingly ad v.压倒性地，不可抵抗地23．mockery n．嘲笑，愚弄；笑柄，被嘲笑的对象24．compassionate adj.有同情心的，表示怜悯的25．vigor (BrE vigour) n．精力，力量，活力，热情26．tenderness n．和善，温柔，亲切，慈爱27．hasty adj.匆忙的，仓促而就的，草率的28．long v．渴望→longing n．(对……的)渴望，热望adj.渴望的，热望的，表示渴望的29．union n．联合，结合，合并；工会；协会，联合会，会社，俱乐部→unite v．团结；统一；(为某事)联合，联手→united adj.联合的；统一的；和谐的；一致的30．latter n．(提及的两者中)后者adj.(提及的两者中)后者的；后半期的，后面的→(反义词)former adj.前任的；以前的；前者的31．glory n．荣誉，光荣，桂冠v i.因某事而喜悦，为某事而欣喜→glorious adj.值得称道的；光荣的；荣耀的32．hazy adj.朦胧的；薄雾蒙蒙的；记不清的→hazily ad v.记不清地，模糊地33．thrill v t.使非常兴奋；使非常激动n．激动；兴奋→thrilling adj.惊险的，紧张的，扣人心弦的，令人兴奋不已的→thrilled adj.非常兴奋；极为激动34．companion n．伙伴；同伴→companionship n．友情，交谊，友谊Ⅱ.核心短语1．get to grips with sth开始理解并着手处理难题2．hold sway占统治地位；具有重大影响力3．regard...as...把……视为……4．sum up总结5．Achilles heel致命弱点6．reflect upon/on反思Ⅲ.经典句型1．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句And I have tried to understand the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. 我试图理解毕达哥拉斯学派的理论，他们认为数字控制着万物流转。

软件项目技术路线篇一：大型软件系统技术路线分析大型软件系统技术路线分析纵观全球大型软件系统软件系统技术发展路线，历经了二十多年的时间，逐步从vb、.NET向J2EE java全面迁移，迄今为止，所有的集团客户和高端政府机关在大型软件系统技术的选择上，几乎清一色的选择JAVA品台，而且面向集团化的大型软件系统定位的企业，如九思软件、东软集团，也统统在此路线上完成系统的架构和功能设计。

在国外，JAVA技术已成为解决大型应用的事实标准，符合J2EE规范的应用服务器则是构建面向对象的多层企业应用的中间核心平台。

因其具有易移植性，广开放性、强安全性和支持快速开发等特性，成为面向对象开发组织应用的首选平台。

参照文档如下：基于J2EE应用服务器支持EJB组件开发技术，包括消息队列、负载均衡机制和交易管理等。

支持中大型网站和中大型组织应用等需要大规模跨平台、网络计算的领域。

软件构造有几个不可逆转的发展方向:XML数据结构、面向对象的构件技术、网络化应用。

其中Java 因为与平台无关、安全、稳定、易开发、好维护、很强的网络使用性等, 而成为主流环境。

J2EE是企业级应用的标准。

J2EE平台提供了一个基于组件的方法，来设计、开发、装配及部署企业级应用程序，并提供了多层的分布式的应用模型、组件再用、一致化的安全模型以及灵活的事务控制机制。

使之具有重用的能力，并集成了基于XML的数据交换一个统一的安全模式及灵活的事务控制。

J2EE应用程序由组件构成。

一个J2EE组件是自包含的，与其相关的语气它组件通信的类及文件集成到J2EE应用程序的功能软件单元。

J2EE规范定义了下面一些组件：1）、运行在客户端的应用客户程序及小程序。

2）、运行于服务器网络的Servlet&Jsp组件。

3）、运行于服务端的企业逻辑组件。

J2EE组件用Java语言编写，通过相同的方法编译。

J2EE组件与标准Java类的不同之处在于J2EE组件集成到了应用程序中，与J2EE规范兼容，并部署到负责运行、管理的J2EE服务器上。

通讯业务术语BTS 基站收发信台(Base Transceiver Station)BSC 基站操纵器(Base Station Controller)OMC 操作爱护中心（Operation & Maintenance Center）BSS 基站子系统(Base Station Subsystem)MSC 移动业务交换中心(Mobile Switching Center)VLR 拜望位置寄存器(Visiting Location Register)HLR 归属位置寄存器(Home Location Register)AUC 鉴权中心(Authentication Center)EIR 设备身份识别寄存器(Equipment Identity Register)SC 短消息中心(Short Message Center)PLMN 陆地公共移动通信网(Public Land Mobile Network)公共陆地移动网PSTN 公共服务网络（Public Service Telephone Network)ISDN 综合业务数字网俗称“一线通”(Integrated Service Digital NetWork）SCP 业务操纵节点（Service Control Point）SMP 业务治理节点（Service Management Point）SMSC 短消息交换中心(Short Message Switching Center)SSP 业务交换节点（Service Switch Point）STP 信令转接点（Signal Transfer Point）PCF 分组操纵功能PDSN 分组数据服务器GSM 全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile communication)GPRS 通用无线分组业务(Gerneral Packer Radio Service)MIN 移动智能网CDMA Code Division Multiple AccessNMS 网络治理系统（Network Management System）NMC 网络治理中心(Network Management Center)FM 故障治理（Fault Management）console 操纵台NE 网元（Network Element）MMT 可治理多层（Managed Multi_Tier）TCH 业务信道BCH 广播信道FCCH 频率校正信道SCH 同步信道BCCH 广播操纵信道CCCH 公共操纵信道SDCCH 独立专用操纵信道PCH 寻呼信道RACH 赶忙接入信道AGCH 准许接入信道DCCH 专用操纵信道SACCH 慢速辅助操纵信道FACCH 快速辅助操纵信道LAPD （D通道链路接续规约）SP （service provide）SP指移动互联网服务内容应用服务的直截了当提供者，负责依照用户的要求开发和提供适合手机用户使用的服务。

ORACLE APPLICATION TESTING SUITE - TESTING ACCELERATORS FOR ORACLE E-BUSINESS SUITEFEATURES• Automates complex Oracle E-Business Suite transactionsfor both functional testing andload testing• Supports automation of bothWeb and Oracle Formsapplication interfaces andprotocols• Provides custom test cases tovalidate application content• Enables parameterization oftest scripts for data-driventesting• Simulates loads of hundredsto tens of thousands ofconcurrent users whileminimizing hardwarerequirements• Gathers critical infrastructureperformance metrics toidentify bottlenecks underload• Provides an intuitive Web-based console to configureand run load tests and sharereal-time results withdistributed users• EBS Test Starter Kit withsample test scripts providedfor EBS R12 and 11iOracle Application Testing Suite’s Testing Accelerators for Oracle E-Business Suite provide a comprehensive solution for ensuring the quality and performance of Oracle E-Business Suite applications. The Functional Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite extends Oracle Functional Testing to enable automated functional and regression testing of Oracle E-Business Suite applications. The Load Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite extends Oracle Load Testing to enable load and performance testing of Oracle E-Business Suite applications. The Testing Accelerators for Oracle E-Business Suite are components of Oracle Application Testing Suite, the centerpiece of the Oracle Enterprise Manager solution for comprehensive testing of packaged, Web and service-oriented architecture–based applications. Ensuring Oracle E-Business Suite Application Quality Ensuring the quality of your Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) applications is critical to your business. But testing EBS applications prior to deployment and keeping up with the pace application updates while maintaining application quality can be a challenge. Oracle Application Testing Suite (ATS) provides a comprehensive quality management solution for Oracle E-Business Suite. Oracle Functional Testing and the Functional Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite provides an automated functional and regression testing solution to validate application functionality prior to deployment and reduce the need for manual testing. Oracle Load Testing and the Load Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite provide a powerful load testing solution to test and tune application performance under real production workloads and identify bottlenecks. Oracle Test Manager provides an integrated solution for managing the test process including documenting test cases, test requirements and issues identified during testing in a central repository and managing test execution. Together, these products provide a comprehensive solution for ensuring EBS application quality. Functional Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite The Functional Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite extends Oracle Functional Testing to provide a powerful and easy-to-use solution to automate functional and regression testing of Oracle’s E-Business Suite applications. OracleFunctional Testing allows users to create test scripts that automate complex business transactions within their EBS applications, including both Web and Oracle Forms based application interfaces. Oracle Functional Testing’s OpenScript integrated scripting platform combines an intuitive graphical scripting interface to quickly create complex test scripts and a powerful Java IDE that provides users with the flexibility to extend scripts programmatically. Users can automate business transactions by simply creating a new script and recording as they step through an EBS transaction in a browser. OpenScript captures all actions performed within Web or Forms based applications interfaces which can then be played back to automatically reproduce the recorded transaction. Users can then add test cases to validate specific Web or Forms application content and parameterize their script inputs to perform data-driven testing. Additional transactions can then be recorded to create a comprehensive automated regression test suite.Figure1. Oracle Functional Testing automates Oracle E-Business Suite functional and regression testingLoad Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business SuiteThe Load Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite extends Oracle Load Testing to enable automated load and performance testing of Oracle E-Business Suite applications. With Oracle Load Testing you can simulate thousands of virtual users accessing the Oracle E-Business Suite application simultaneously to measure the effect of user load on application performance.Users create their EBS load test scripts in Oracle Functional Testing’s OpenScript integrated scripting platform. OpenScript automates both Web and Forms application protocols to generate highly scalable load test scripts for Oracle EBS. The scripts are automatically correlated to handle dynamic session parameters. These scripts can then be configured to run in Oracle Load Testing against any number of virtual users.Oracle Load Testing provides a Web-based console that allows you to configure and run one or multiple scripts across thousands of virtual users to assess performance. Users can specify a number of run time parameters such as the amount of think time each user spends per page and the browser or connection speed to emulate. During the load test, Oracle Load Testing measures end-user response times as well as the performance of the underlying application infrastructure to help identify and resolve application performance bottlenecks.Comprehensive Testing for Oracle E-Business SuiteOracle Application Testing Suite provides a comprehensive testing solution for Oracle E-Business Suite. With Oracle Functional Testing and the Functional Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite, users can effectively introduce automation into their functional test process to ensure the quality of their Oracle E-Business Suite applications and reduce testing time. With Oracle Load Testing and the Load Testing Accelerator for Oracle E-Business Suite, users can leverage a powerful solution for ensuring Oracle E-Business Suite application performance. The Oracle E-Business Suite testing accelerator includes a Test Starter Kit with pre-build test automation scripts for Oracle E-Business Suite applications. The Test Starter Kit covers a broad range of applications and user flows for both functional and performance testing based on the VISION demo database.And with Oracle Test Manager users can effectively document and manage their test process from a central location and report on application readiness.Oracle Application Testing Suite provides a powerful integrated scripting platform for automated functional & regression testing and load testing. Oracle Functional Testing’s OpenScript integrated scripting interface provides a unique combination of ease-of-use and flexibility through its intuitive graphical scripting interface and powerful Java IDE for extending scripts at the code-level. Oracle Functional Testing also provides custom capabilities for testing SOA and Oracle packaged applications through its integrated testing accelerators. Oracle Load Testing provides a fully Web-based user interface for configuring and running load tests and an integrated ServerStats module for monitoring application infrastructure during a load test to identify bottlenecks. Oracle Load Testing also enables multi-user collaboration by allowing testers to view and share real-time results during load test execution through their browser. With Oracle Application Testing Suite users can leverage a comprehensive, integrated solution for automated functional and regression testing, load testing and test process management.Contact UsFor more information about Oracle Application Testing Suite Oracle E-Business Suite Accelerators and Oracle Enterprise Manager please visit or call+1.800.ORACLE1 to speak to an Oracle representative.Copyright © 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.This document is provided for information purposes only and the contents hereof are subject to change without notice. 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（完整版）川大软院计网选择题答案Chapter1（含答案）1.1 In the following options, which does not define in protocol? ( D )A the format of messages exchanged between two or more communicatingentitiesB the order of messages exchanged between two or more communicating entitiesC the actions taken on the transmission of a message or other eventD the transmission signals are digital signals or analog signals1.2 In the following options, which is defined in protocol? ( A )A the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message or other eventB the objects exchanged between communicating entitiesC the content in the exchanged messagesD the location of the hosts1.3 An application can rely on the connection to deliver all of its data without error and in the proper order. The sentence describes (C ).A flow controlB congestion-controlC reliable data transferD connection-oriented service1.4 The Internet’s connection-oriented service has a name, it is ( A ).A TCPB UDPC TCP/IPD IP1.5 The Internet’s connectionless service is called ( B ).A TCPB UDPC TCP/IPD IP1.6 Which of the following nodes belongs to the network core?CA. a Web ServerB. a Host with Win2003 ServerC. a Router with NAT serviceD. a Supernode on Skype Network1.7 In the Internet, the equivalent concept to end systems is ( )A.A hostsB serversC clientsD routers1.8 In the Internet, end systems are connected together by ( C ).A copper wireB coaxial cableC communication linksD fiber optics1.9 End systems access to the Internet through its (C ).A modemsB protocolsC ISPD sockets1.10 In the following options, which belongs to the network core? ( B )A end systemsB routersC clientsD servers1.11 End systems, packet switches, and other pieces of the Internet, run ( D ) that control the sending and receiving of information within the Internet.A programsB processesC applicationsD protocols1.12 The internet allows ( D ) running on its end systems to exchange data with each other.A clients applicationsB server applicationsC P2P applicationsD distributed applications1.13 The protocols of various layers are called ( A ).A the protocol stackB TCP/IPC ISPD network protocol1.14 In the OSI reference model, the upper layers of the OSI model are, in correct orderDA Session, application, presentationB Session, presentation, applicationC Session, application, presentation, physicalD Application, presentation, session1.15 The lower layers of the OSI model are, in correct orderDA physical, system, network, logicalB physical, logical, network, systemC physical, transport, network, data linkD physical, data link, network, transport1.16 The Internet Protocol (IP) generally corresponds to which OSI layer?AA Network (layer three)B Transport (layer four)C Data link (layer two)D Session (layer five)1.17 What layer of the OSI model is designed to perform error detection functions?BA PhysicalB Data linkC NetworkD transport1.18 Which of the following protocol layers is not explicitly part of the Internet Protocol Stack? _____B____A. application layerB. session layerC. data link layerD. transport layer1.19 The 5-PDU is called__A_A. messageB. segmentC. datagramD. frame1.20 The Internet’s network l ayer is responsible for moving network-layer packets known as B( ) from one host to another.A frameB datagramC segmentD message1.21 Transport-layer packets are called:BA. messageB. segmentC. datagramD. frame1.22 The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called ( A).A FramesB SegmentsC DatagramsD bit streams1.23 There are two fundamental approaches to building a network core, ( B ) and packet switching.A electrical current switchingB circuit switchingC data switchingD message switching1.24 Datagram networks and virtual-circuit networks differ in that ( C ).A datagram networks are circuit-switched networks, and virtual-circuit networksare packet-switched networks.B datagram networks are packet-switched networks, and virtual-circuit networksare circuit-switched networks.C datagram networks use destination addresses and virtual-circuit networks useVC. numbers to forward packets toward their destination.D datagram networks use VC. numbers and virtual-circuit networks usedestination addresses to forward packets toward their destination.1.25 (A ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link.A Store-and-forward transmissionB FDMC End-to-end connectionD TDM1.26 In ( C ) networks, the resources needed along a path to provide for communication between the end system are reserved for the duration of the communication session.A packet-switchedB data-switchedC circuit-switchedD message-switched1.27 In ( A ) networks, the resources are not reserved; a session’s messages use the resources on demand, and as a consequence, may have to wait for access to communication link.A packet-switchedB data-switchedC circuit-switchedD message-switched1.28 In a circuit-switched network, if each link has n circuits, for each link used by the end-to-end connection, the connection gets ( A) of the link’s bandwidth for the duration of theconnection.A a fraction 1/nB allC 1/2D n times1.29 For (C ), the transmission rate of a circuit is equal to the frame rate multiplied by the number of bits in a slot.A CDMAB packet-switched networkC TDMD FDM1.30 The network that forwards packets according to host destination addresses is called ( D) network.A circuit-switchedB packet-switchedC virtual-circuitD datagram1.31 The network that forwards packets according to virtual-circuit numbers is called ( C ) network.A circuit-switchedB packet-switchedC virtual-circuitD datagram1.32 The time required to propagate from the beginning of the link to the next router is ( C).A queuing delayB processing delayC propagation delayD transmission delay1.33 Processing delay does not include the time to (B ).A examine the packet’s headerB wait to transmit the packet onto the linkC determine where to direct the packetD check bit-error in the packet1.34 In the following four descriptions, which one is correct? ( C)A The traffic intensity must be greater than 1.B The fraction of lost packets increases as the traffic intensity decreases.C If the traffic intensity is close to zero, the average queuing delay will be closeto zero.D If the traffic intensity is close to one, the average queuing delay will be closeto one.1.35 Suppose, a is the average rate at which packets arrive at the queue, R is the transmission rate, and all packets consist of L bits, then the traffic intensity is ( B ),A LR／aB La／RC Ra／LD LR／a1.36 Suppose there is exactly one packet switch between a sending host and a receiving host. The transmission rates between the sending host and the switch and between the switch and the receiving host are R1 and R2, respectively. Assuming that the switch uses store-and-forward packet switching, what is the total end-to-end delay to send a packet of length L? (Ignore queuing delay, propagation delay, and processing delay.) ( A )A L/R1＋L/R2B L/R1C L/R2D none of the above1.37 We are sending a 30 Mbit MP3 file from a source host to a destination host. Suppose there is only one link between source and destination and the link has a transmission rate of 10 Mbps. Assume that the propagation speed is 2 * 108 meters/sec, and the distance between source and destination is 10,000 km. Also suppose that message switching is used, with the message consisting of the entire MP3 file. How many bits will the source have transmitted when the first bit arrives at the destination?CA. 1 bitB. 30,000,000 bitsC. 500,000 bitsD. none of the above1.38 In the following entries, which is not a kind of access network?(D )A residential accessB company accessC wireless accessD local access1.39 The following technologies may be used for residential access, exceptDA. HFCB. DSLC. Dial-up modemD. FDDI1.40 Which kind of media is not a guided media? ( D)A twisted-pair copper wireB a coaxial cableC fiber opticsD digital satellite channel。

CISSP考试练习(习题卷23)第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]哪些美国政府分类标签适用于一旦披露可能对国家安全造成严重损害并要求分类机构能够描述或识别将造成的损害的信息?A)机密B)秘密C)机密D)绝密答案:B解析:2.[单选题]在IKE / IPsec因特网密钥交换协议/网络网际安全协议中，关于预共享密钥身份验证，哪一项不是正确的？A)预共享密钥身份验证通常基于简单的密码。

B)需要一个PKI公钥基础设施来工作。

C)只需要一个对所有VPN连接的预共享密钥。

D)对庞大用户群体的昂贵的密钥管理。

答案:B解析:3.[单选题]互联网通常被称为一个全球的网络是由于：A)端点网络和互联网提供商覆盖全球B)限制网络和互联网提供商覆盖全球C)私有网络和互联网提供商覆盖全球D)公有网络和互联网提供商覆盖全球答案:D解析:<p>Internet It specifically refers to the global network of public networks and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) throughout the world.</p>4.[单选题]以下哪一项可能导致对凭据管理系统的拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击?A)延迟撤销或销毁 凭据B)修改证书 撤销 名单C)未经授权的续订或 重新发行D)退役后令牌使用答案:B解析:5.[单选题]以下哪一项被认为是防止电子邮件欺骗的最佳做法?A)垃圾邮件过滤B)加密 签名C)统一资源定位器 (URL) 过滤D)反向域名服务 (DNS) 查找答案:B解析:the adopting organization?A)数据分类Data classificationB)网络控制Network controlC)应用层控制Application layer controlD)人身安全Physical security答案:A解析:7.[单选题]这个职位最能在下面的情况下：雇员从多个账户刮取小额资金，将资金存入自己的银行账户中？A)数据摆弄B)数据诡计C)数据隐藏D)数据屏蔽答案:B解析:8.[单选题]安全操作中心 (SOC)在服务器上收到事件响应通知,服务器上插有主动入侵者,该入侵者已植入后门。

Android Development: The Essentials for Beginners Android has become the most widely used mobile operating system globally, powering billions of devices worldwide. With its vast user base and continuous growth, learning Android development has become a lucrative career option for many aspiring developers. In this article, we will explore the essentials of Android development for beginners.1. Setting up the Development EnvironmentBefore diving into Android development, it is crucial to set up the development environment. The primary tools required include the Android Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Java Development Kit (JDK), and the Android Software Development Kit (SDK). These tools provide a comprehensive platform for developing Android applications.2. Understanding the Android ArchitectureAndroid applications are built using a layered architecture consisting of four main components: Activities, Services, Content Providers, and Broadcast Receivers. Activities represent the user interface and interact with users, while Services handle background tasks. Content Providers allow data sharing between applications, and Broadcast Receivers listen for system-wide events.3. Mastering Java and KotlinJava has been the primary programming language for Android development for many years. However, Kotlin has gained significant popularity due to its concise syntax and enhanced features. It is essential for beginners to have a strong foundation in either Java or Kotlin to develop Android applications effectively.4. Understanding XML LayoutsAndroid uses XML (Extensible Markup Language) to define layouts and user interface elements. Understanding XML layouts is crucial as it allows developers to create visually appealing and responsive interfaces. Android Studio provides a visual editor, making it easier to design XML layouts and preview them in real-time.5. Implementing User InteractionUser interaction is a vital aspect of any Android application. Beginners should understand various input methods such as touch, gestures, and hardware buttons. Implementing event listeners and handling user input effectively enhances the user experience.6. Working with Data PersistenceAndroid provides various options for data persistence, including Shared Preferences, SQLite databases, and file storage. Beginners should learn how to store and retrieve data using these mechanisms, enabling the application to maintain state and provide a personalized experience for users.7. Networking and Web ServicesMany Android applications rely on network connectivity to fetch data from web services. Understanding concepts like REST APIs, JSON parsing, and handling network requests is essential for creating robust and connected applications.8. Testing and DebuggingTesting and debugging are integral parts of the development process. Android Studio offers powerful tools for testing applications on emulators or physical devices. Beginners should familiarize themselves with unit testing, UI testing, and debugging techniques to ensure the quality and reliability of their applications.9. Publishing on the Play StoreOnce an application is developed and thoroughly tested, it is ready for distribution. The Google Play Store is the primary platform for distributing Android applications. Beginners should understand the publishing process, including building signed APKs, generating app listings, and complying with the Play Store guidelines.10. Continuous Learning and Community EngagementAndroid development is a dynamic field that evolves rapidly. It is essential for beginners to engage with the Android developer community, join forums and discussion groups, and stay updated with the latest trends and best practices. Continuous learning and adopting new technologies and frameworks will help developers in creating cutting-edge Android applications.In conclusion, Android development has immense potential for beginners willing to embark on a career in mobile app development. With the right tools, knowledge of programming languages, and understanding of essential concepts, developers can create high-quality Android applications that cater to the needs of millions of users worldwide.。

Level Flag Japanese Chinese English211バイト单字节single byte00ADSL非对称数字用户环线Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop00API应用编程接口Application Programming Interface00ARP地址解析协议Address Resolution Protocol00ASIC特定用途集成电路Application Specific Integrated Circuit00ASP程序开发语言Application Specific Integrated Circuit00B3B商家対商家Business to Business00BBS电子布告栏系统Bulletin Board System00BIOS标准输入输出系统Basic Input Output System00BMP位图Bitmap00Borland美国著名软件开发公司00CGI公共网关接口Common Gateway Interface00CMOS互补金属氧化物半导体complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor 00CMS会话式监督系统Conversational Monitor System00COMポート串行通讯端口COM port00CPU中央处理器central processing unit00CSS层叠式样式表cascading style sheet00DBA数据库管理员Data Base Administrator00DD数据字典data dictionary00DDB分布式数据库distributed database00DDK设备驱动程序开发包Device Drivers Kit00DDL数据定义语言Data Definition Language00DLL动态链接库Dynamic Link Library00DMA直接存储器访问Direct Memory Access00DML数据操作语言data manipulation language00DOM文档对象模型Document Object Model00DSN数据源名data source name00ebXML电子商务XML electronic business XML00EMS扩展内存规范extended memory standard00EMS邮政特快专递Express Mail Service00EXE可执行程序扩展名00FTP文件传输协议File Transfer Protocol00FW防火墙fire wall00GIF可交换图像文件格式Graphic Interexchange Fromate00HSM高速存储器High-Speed Memory00HTML超文本链接标示语言HypeText Markup Language00ID身分identifier00IDE集成电路设备00INI初始化设置文件扩展名00IP网际协议internet protocol00ISP互联网服务提供者Internet Service Provider00JAN美国数字设备公司Digital Equipment Corporation00JDK JAVA开发工具包Java Development Kit00JPEG联合图像专家组Joint Photographic Expert Group00LAN局域网Local Area Network00LDB逻辑数据库logic database00Mbps兆比特每秒Mega bits per second00MDI多文档界面程序Multiple Document Interface00MFC MS.VC++的类库Microsoft Foundation Class00MIDI乐器数字接口Musical Intrument Data Interface00MIPS每秒百万条指令Million Instructions Per Second00MPEG运动图像专家组Motion Picture Expert Group00MSP摸块化系统程序Moduler System Program00MSS海量存储系统Mass Storage System00ODBC开放式数据库连接Open DataBase Connectivity00OLE对象链接和嵌入Object Linking and Embedding00OLE DB OLE数据库OLE DataBase00OLTP联机事务处理OnLine Transaction Processing00OOP面向对象程序设计Object Oriented Programming00Oracle Oracle数据库管理系统00PCX图形文件00PDA个人数字助理Personal Digital Assistant00PDF adobe的可移植文档格式Portable Document Format00Perl后端服务器程序语言00PL/2程序设计语言programming language00PLC通用次序控制器00RAM随机存储器Random Access Memory00RDBMS关系型数据库管理系统Relation DataBase Manage System00RDF报表文档格式Report Document Format00RGB三原色(红绿蓝)red,green,blue00RTCP实时传输控制协议Real-time Transport Control Protocol00RTP实时传输协议Real-time Transport Protocol00SDI单文档界面程序Single Document Interface00SDK软件开发工具包Software Development Kit00SE系统工程师system engineer00SOAP简单对象访问协议simple object access protocol00SQL结构化查询语言Structured Query Language00SSL加密套接字协议层Secure Sockets Layer00TCP/IP传输控制协议/网际协议Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 00TDG测试数据生成器test data generator00TIF标签图像文件格式Tagged Image File00UDDI通用发现、描述和集成universal description, discovery and integration 00UDP用户数据报协议User Datagram Protocol00UML统一建模语言unification modeling language00UPS不间断电源Uninterrupt Power Supply00URL统一资源定位器Uniform Resource Locator00VIP贵宾Very Important Person00VPN虚拟个人网络Virtual Private Network00VSS开发环境Visual Source Safe00W4C3W协会World Wide Web Consortium00WAN广域网Wide Area Network00webページ网页web page00WWW万维网World Wide web00XML扩展标示语言extensible markup language 11アーカイビング归档archiving11アーキテクチャ架构architecture11アーキテクチャ体系结构architecture21アークコサイン反余弦arc cosine21アーチ形弧arch11アイク光电摄像管IKE11アイコン图标icon11アイテム项item11アウェイ客场away11アウトプット输出output11アクセサリWindows中的附件accessory11アクセシビリティ可接近性accessibility11アクセス存取access11アクセス访问access11アクセッサ存取器(MSS中使用)accessor11アクセプター接收器acceptor11アクセル加速装置accerelator11アクチュエータ作动器actuator11アクチュエータ传动器actuator21アクティブエクス网络化多媒体对象技术ActiveX21アクティブファイル活动文件active file21アクティブファイル现用文件active file21アクティブレポート活动报表active report11アグレッシブ攻击性的aggressive11アグレッシブ侵略性的aggressive11アサーション断言assertion11アシスタント助手assistant11アシスタント助理assistant11アスタリスク星号asterisk11アセス评估版assess11アセンブラー汇编程序assembler21アセンブラ言語汇编语言assembler11アタッチ附加attach11アタッチ连接attach11アダプタ适配器adapter11アダプタビリティ适应性adaptability11アッセンブラー汇编程序assembler11アッセンブラー汇编语言assembler21アップリンク向上传输uplink21アップリンク上行线路uplink21アップロード上传upload21アップロード上载upload11アドビAdobe公司adobe31アドミニストレーター管理者administrator31アドミニストレーター网络管理员administrator31アドレスマルチプレクサー地址复用混合器address multiplexer31アドレス演算子地址运算符address21アドレッシング寻址方法addressing21アドレッシング编址技术addressing21アナログデータ模拟数据analog data11アニメーション动画animation11アノテーション注释annotation11アプウィザード应用程序向导工具Appwizard11アブストラクト摘要abstract21アフターサービス售后服务after-service21アプリケーション应用程序application41アプリケーションソフトウェア应用软件application software11アプローチ接近approach11アプローチ探讨approach11アベイラビリティ可用性availability11アボート异常终止abort11アボリジン土著人aborigine11アラート警告alert11アラジンドロップスタッフ阿拉延开发工具aladdin dropstuff20あらまし概要10あらまし梗概31アリアス别名alias11アルカリ碱alkali11アルゴリズム算法algorithm11アルゴリズム运算法则algorithm11アルファベット字母alphabet11アルファベット字母表alphabet11アレイ数组array21アロケーター分配器allocator21アロケーター分配符allocator11アンカー固定器anchor10アンケート调查表10アンケート问题单21アンダーライン下划线underline21アンダーライン底线underline11アンド与and11アンパサンド＆符号ampersand11イーサネット以太网Ehternet10いか墨鱼10いか乌贼10イセエビ龙虾21イタリック斜体italics11イニシャル最初的initial11イニシャル开始的initial11イベント事件event21イベントツリー事件树event tree21イベントログ事件记录event log11イメージ印象image11イメージ图像image11イメージ图片image11イメージファイル图像文件image file21イラスト插图illustration21インクジェット喷墨incjet21インクリメンタル增量incremental11インクリメント加一increament11インクリメント增量increament11インクリメント递增increament11インクルード引用include11インクルード包含include11インクルードファイル包含文件include file11インジケータ指示器indicator11インジケータ指示符indicator11インスタンス实例instance11インスタンス化实例化instance11インストール支援ツール安装辅助工具install tool21インスペクション审查inspection21インスペクション检查inspection11インターオペラビリティ互用性interoperability 21インターステージ操作平台软件interstage31インターチェンジ交换interchange21インターチェンジ转车站interchange21インターネット因特网internet21インターネット互联网internet21インターネット网际internet21インターネットエクスプローラー微软Web浏览器Internet Explorer 31インターバル间隔interval11インターフェイス界面interface11インターフェイス接口interface11インターフェース・ビルダー接口编制器interface builder 31インタープリタ解释器interpreter31インタープリタ翻译机interpreter11インターロック互锁interlock11インターロック联锁interlock21インタプリタ解释器interpreter21インタプリタ译印机interpreter11インタラクティブ交互式interactive11インディケータ表示indicate11インデックス索引index11インデックスセグメント索引段index segment 21インデックスブロック索引块index block21インテリジェンス智能inteligence11インテリジェント智能intelligent11インテリジェント･エージェント智能代理intelligent agent 21インテル美国英特尔公司Intel11インデント凹痕indent11インデント缩排indent11イントラネット企业内部网intranet11イントラネット内联网intranet21インフォメーション情报information21インフォメーション信息information21インプット输入input21インフラ基础设施infrastructure11インプリメンテーション完成implementation 11インプリメンテーション执行implementation 31インプリメント器具implement31インプリメント实现implement21インポート导入import21インポート进口import31インポートライブラリ导入库import library21インライン在线inline21組み込み内嵌21インラインイメージ内嵌图像inline image31インラインタグ内嵌标记in-line tag31ウィザード向导wizard11ウィジェット窗口小部件widget11ヴィビースクリプトVB脚本语言VBScript21ウェイクアップ叫醒wake up21ウェイト加权weight21ウェイト重量weight21ウェイト权重weight21ウォークスルー初排walk-through21ウォークスルー走查walk-through21ウォーニング警告warning21ウォーニング提示warning11ウォッチドッグ看门狗watchdog11ウォッチドッグ监视器watchdog11エイプリルフールデー愚人节April Fools' Day 21エイリアス替换入口alias21エイリアス别名alias11エクステント范围extent11エクスプローラ资源管理器explorer11エクスポート出口export11エクスポート导出export11エクスポートファイル导出文件export file31エコーバック回声echo back31エコーバック回波echo back11エネルギー能量energy11エミッタ发射器emitter21エミュレーション模拟emulation21エミュレーション仿真emulation11エミュレーター模仿器emulator11エミュレーター仿真器emulator11エラー出错error11エラー错误error21エラーメッセージ出错信息error message 21エラーメッセージ错误信息error message 21エリア区域area21エリア领域area11エレメンタリ基本的elementary11エレメンタリ初步的elementary11エレメント元素element11エレメント单元element11エンコーダー编码器encoder11エンコード编码encode11エンティティ实体entity11エンティティ组织entity11エンドユーザ最终用户end user11エンドユーザ终端用户end user21エントリ入口entry21エンファシス加强emphasis21エンファシス强调符emphasis11エンベロープ信封envelope11エンベロープ包络线envelope21オーディオ音频audio21オーディット审计audit21オートチェンジャー自动换碟机auto-changer21オーナー主人owner21オーナー文件编写人owner21オーバーショート逸出overshoot21オーバーショート超程量overshoot21オーバーショート过冲量overshoot21オーバーフロー溢出overflow21オーバーフロー溢流overflow21オーバーフロー外溢overflow21オーバーライド(方法)覆盖overriding21オーバーラップ重叠overlap21オーバーラップ覆盖overlap21オーバーロード过载over load21オーバーロード超载over load21オーブン烤箱oven21オープンチケット自由机票open ticket11オープン価格公开价格open price21オクテット８位字节octet21オクテット八偶体octet21オシレーター振荡器oscillator21オブジェクト对象object21オブジェクトプログラム目标程序object program 21オブジェクトモデル对象模型object model11オプション选项option11オフセット偏移offset11オフセット弥补offset11オプティマイズ优化optimize11オフライン脱机off-line11オフライン离线off-line11オペランド操作数operand11オペランド运算量operand11オペレーション操作operation21オムロン欧姆龙公司Omron11オラクルOracle数据库管理系统Oracle11オリエンテーション定向orientation11オリエント定向orient10しっかり近寄る紧靠10しっとりタイプ滋润型21シノニム同义词synonym10しばらく一段时间10しばらく片刻10しばらく暂时11シフトキー移位键shift key11シフトキー换挡键shift key11シミュレーション模拟simulation11シミュレーション仿真simulation21シミュレータ模拟器simulator21シミュレータ仿真器simulator21シャープ井号sharp21シャドウ阴影shadow21ジャバアプレットJava小应用程序JavaApplet21ジャバサーブレットJava服务器程序JavaServlet21ジャバスクリプトJava描述语言JavaScript11ジャム夹纸jam11ジャンパー跳线jamper11ジャンル流派genre11ジャンル类型genre11ショートカット快捷方式short cut11ショートカット捷径short cut11ショッピングカート卖东西的手推车shopping cart11ジョブ工作job11ジョブ作业job21シリアルポート串口serial port21シリアルポート串行端口serial port21シンク汇点sink11シングルクォート单引号single quote21シングルコーテーション单引号single-quote21シングルステップ单步执行single step21シングルチップ单片single chip21シングルチップマイコン单片机single chip micon 21シンボリック符号symbolic11シンボリックリンク符号连接symbolic link21シンボルローダー符号加载器symbol-loader11スイッチング跳转swtching11スイッチング转移swtching11スイッチング转接swtching21スーパースクリプト上标superscript21スーパバイザリ管理的supervisory11スカジー小型计算机系统接口SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) 21スキーマ模式schema11スキーマオブジェクト模式对象schema object21スキップ跳跃skip21スキップ跳转skip11スキャナー扫描程序scanner11スキャナー扫描仪scanner11スキャニング扫描scanning11スクリーン屏幕screen11スクロール翻滚scroll11スクロール滚动scroll21スクロールバー滚动条scroll bar11スケーリング缩放比例scaling21スケールファクタ比例因子scale factor21スケール図比例图scale21スケジューリング时序安排scheduling21スケジューリング调度scheduling21スケルトン骨架skeleton21スケルトン程序框架skeleton11スコープ作用域scope11スタート起动start11スタート开始start21スタイラスペン指示笔stylus pen11スタイルシート样式表style sheet21スタック堆栈stack11スタティック静止的static11スタティック静态的static21スタンダード标准standard21スタンダード规范standard11スタンドアローン独立型standalone11スタンドアローン单机型standalone21スタンドアロン独立型standalone21クロス交叉cross10スッポかす食言10スッポかす爽约11ステーキ牛排steaj11ステータス状态status11ステータスキャッシュアドレス状态高速缓存地址status cache address21ステータスワード状态字status word21ステート状态state31ステートフルstatefull state-full21ステートメント语句statement11ステップ幅步长stepsize21ストアード存储stored21ストップビット停止位stop bit21ストラクチャー结构structure21ストリーム流stream31ストリング字符串string21ストレージ存储器storage31ストレート直联straight31ストレートケーブル直联电缆straight cable11スナップショット快照snap shot11スプール假脱机spool21スプレッドシート电子制表软件spreadsheet31スプレッドシート电子表格spreadsheet11スペース空间space21スペシフィケーション规格specification21スペシフィケーション规范specification21スポット点spot21スポンサー赞助商sponsor21スラッシュ斜杠slash21スラッシュ斜线slash11スラブ厚板slab11スラブ石板slab21スループット处理量throughput21スループット总处理能力throughput10するめいか鱿鱼21スレッショールド阈值threshold21スレッド穿线thread21スレッド线索表thread21スレッド线程thread11スロット插槽slot21セカンダリ次要secondary21セカンダリ第二位secondary21セキュリティ安全security21セクション区域section21セクション段section31ドラッグ&ドロップ拖放drog&drop21トラバーサル遍历traversal21トラバース横贯traverse21トラバース来回移动traverse21ドラフト起草draft21ドラフト草案draft21ドラフト草图draft31ドラフトレベル草案水平draft level21トランシーバ收发器transceiver21トランジスタ晶体管transister21トリガー起动器trigger21トリガー触发器trigger21トリガー扳机trigger31トリガーイベント触发事件trigger event21トレーサビリティ可追溯性traceability21トレース回溯trace21トレース追踪trace21トレース描绘trace21トレース踪迹trace21トレーニング培养traning21トレーニング训练traning21トレーリング后置trailing21トレーリング拖尾trailing21トレンドグラフ趋向图表trend graph31ドロップダウン下拉drop down21トンネル烟道tunnel21トンネル隧道tunnel21ナビゲーター导航者navigater31ナンバープレート车牌number plate10にきび粉刺acne10にきび痤疮acne11ニッケル镍nickel31ニューマチックケーソン气压沉箱法pneumatic caisson 21ネームサーバ命名服务器name server31ネームサーバー命名服务器name server31ネームサービス名称服务name service31ネームサービス命名服务name service11ネスト后进先出nest11ネスト嵌套nest31ネットスケープナビゲータ网景Web浏览器Netscape Navigator 31ネットスケープナビゲータ网景导航者Netscape Navigator 41ネットワークアドレス网址network address41ネットワークアプリケーション网络应用程序network application 41ネットワークインターフェース网络接口network interface 31ネットワークゲーム网络游戏network game31ネットワークプロトコル网络协议Network protocol 31ネットワークボード网卡network board21ノウハウ专门技能knowhow21ノード节点node31ノートパソコン笔记本电脑book-size PC21ノーハウ技术情报know how21ノティファイ通知notify30の身になって考える设身处地30の地位に立つ居于21バーグラフ条形图bar graph21バーグラフ线条图bar graph21バーコード条形码bar code21パーサ解析器parser21パーサ分析程序parser21パーシステンス持续性persistence31バージョンアップ更新version up31バージョンアップ版本升级version up21バーチャル虚拟virtual31バーチャルサーバ虚拟服务器virtual server31バーチャルストレージ虚拟存储器virtual storage31バーチャルリアリティ虚拟现实virtual reality21パーティション分区partition21ハードディスク硬盘hard disk21パーミッション容许permission21パーミッション许可permission11バイ双倍bi21ハイウェイ高速公路highway21ハイウェイ总线highway21ハイテク高新技术high technology21ハイテク尖端技术high technology31ハイテクノロジー高新技术high technology31ハイテクノロジー尖端技术high technology11バイト字节byte21バイトオーダー字节次序byte order21バイトコード字节码byte code11バイナリ二进制binary21バイナリー二进制binary31バイナリダンプ二进制转储binary dump31ハイパーリンク超链接hyperlink21ハイブリッド混合hybrid21バイブレーター振动器vibrator21ハイライト加亮highlight21ハイライト高亮highlight21バイリンガル两种语言bilingual21ハイレベル高电平high lebel21バインディング捆绑binding21バウンダリ界限boundary21バウンダリ范围boundary21バウンダリ边界boundary11バグ错误bug11パケット信息包packet31パケットフィルタリング信息包过滤packet filtering11パス路径path21パススルー通过pass through21パススルー经过pass through21バスライン总线bus line21バスライン汇流线bus line21パソコン个人计算机pesonal computer 31パソコンベース个人计算机基础PC-base21パターン模式pattern21パターン图案pattern21パターン样式pattern31パターンマッチ模式匹配pattern match10はたと一下子10はたと突然30はっきりしている清晰11パック包pack11パック压缩pack21バックアップ后备backup21バックアップ备用backup21バックアップ备份backup41バックアッププログラマ副主程序员backup programmer 21バックグラウンド后台background21バックグラウンド背景background41バックグラウンドプロセス后台进程background process 21バックスペース退回backspace21バックスペース返回backspace21バックライト逆光back light21バックライト后照光back light21バックライト背面光back light21パッケージ程序包package31パッケージング封装packaging11オリエント东方orient11オリジナル原始original11オリジナルファイル原文件original file21オリジナルマナー原始方式original manner21オワ或or21オンライン在线on-line21オンライン联机on-line10お馴染み精通10お馴染み亲密21カーソルホーム光标复位cursole home21カーソルホーム光标还原cursole home21カーネルパラメータ内核参数kernel parameter11カイカ槐花sophora flower11ガイダンス教程guidance11ガイダンス向导guidance21ガイド向导guide21ガイド指南guide21ガイド说明书guide21ガイドホール导槽guide hole21ガイドライン方针guideline31カウンター计数器、柜台counter11カジュアル非正式的casual11カジュアル临时的casual11カスケーディング层叠式cascading11カスケーディング级联cascading11ガスタービン燃气轮机gass turbine11カスタマイズ定制customize21カタログ产品目录catalog11カタログショッピング选购目录catalog shopping21カットオフ切断cut-off21カットオフ截断cut-off21カップリング耦合度coupling11カテゴリ范畴category11カテゴリ种类category21カバー領域覆盖区域cover21カプセル化封装ｅｎcapsulａｔｉｏｎ21カプセル化密封capsule21カプラー耦合器coupler11カボーンコーピ抄送CC(carbon copy)11カボーンコーピ副本CC(carbon copy)21カラーモード彩色模式color mode21カラム列column21カラム栏column21カレント当前的current11ガントチャート甘特图gantt chart11ガントチャート线条图gantt chart21キーソフトウェアプロダクト主要软件产品key software product 21キーボード键盘keyboard21キーワード关键字keyword31キット工具包kit21キメラ幻想chimera11キャッシュ高速缓冲存储器cache21キャプション标题caption21キャプション题目caption21キャプチャー捕捉capture21キャプチャー捕获capture21キャプチャー截获capture11キャプチャーカード捕获卡capture card21キャプチャーボード捕获板capture board21キャプチャーボード捕获卡capture board21キャラクタ字符character11キャリヤ载体carrier11キャンバス画布canvas11キュー队列queue21クェッションマーク问号question mark21クェリ查询query11クッキー网络服务器传递给浏览器的信息cookie11クライアント客户机client11クライアント客户端client11クライアント側客户端client11クラスター群集cluster11クラスター簇cluster11クラスター聚集cluster11グラブ抓取grab11グラフィック图形graphic11グラフィック图表graphic21グラフィックス制图法graphics21グラフィックス图形graphics11グリーティング祝贺greeting11グリーティング问候greeting11クリーンエネルギー纯净能源clean energy21クリエィティブ创造性的creative11クリエイト创建create21クリスタル晶振crystal21クリスタル水晶crystal11クリスタルレポート水晶报表crystal report21グリッド格子grid21グリッド格栅grid21クリティカブル临界criticable11クリティカリティ危急程度criticality11クリティカルセクション临界段critical section 11クリティカルセクション关键段critical section 21グリニッジ時間格林威治标准时间Greenwich21グループ化成组grouping21グループ化分组grouping21グループ化编组grouping21グレイスケール灰度gray scale21グレイスケール灰阶gray scale11クレジットカード信用卡credit card21クローズ关闭close21クローズ结束close21クロースケーブル交连电缆cross cable21クローズボックス关闭窗口close box21グローバル全球的global21グローバル全局的global11グローバルIP外部IP grobal IP21グローバルオブジェクト全局对象global object21グローバル変数全局变量global21クロスアセンブラー交叉汇编程序cross assembler 21クロスコンパイラー交叉编译程序cross compiler 21クロノスターChronoStar文件管理工具ChronoStar11ゲイン放大系数gain11ゲイン增益gain11ケース外壳case11ケース情况case11ゲートウェイ网关getway11ゲストブック客户书guest book21コア核心core21コア磁芯core21コイン硬币coin21コイン铸造coin11コーディング编写代码coding21コード代码code11コードウォリアー代码战士codewarrior21コードオーディット代码审查code audit21コードオーディット代码审计code audit21コードジェネレーター代码生成器code generator 21コードセクション代码段cord section21コードセグメント代码段code segment21コードネーム代号名code name21コードネーム编码名code name21コーマス商业commerce11ゴジック体黑体字gothic21コネクション结合connection21コネクション连接connection11コネクタ插座connector11コネクタ连接器connector11コネクティビティ连接性connectivity21コピーライト著作权copyright21コピーライト版权copyright21コヘーション内聚度cohesion21コマンドプロンプト命令提示行command prompt 21コマンドライン命令行command line11コミット提交commit11コメント注释comment21コモン共同common21コモン普通common21コラボレーティブ协作collaborative11コロン冒号colon11コンサート音乐会concert11コンストラクター构造函数constructor11コンセプト概念concept11コンセント插座plug socket11コンソーシアム协会consortium11コンソーシアム联盟consortium11コンソーシアム财团consortium11コンソール控制台console11コンター図等高线图contour21コンテキスト上下文context21コンテキスト前后关系context11コンテンツ信文contents11コンテンツ内容contents11コントラスト反差contrast11コントラスト对比度contrast11コントローラー管理员controller11コントローラー控制器controller21コントロール控件control21コントロールキー控制键control key31コントロールデータ控制数据control data31コントロールパネル控制面版control panel31コントロールブロック控制块control block31コンバージョン变换conversion31コンバージョン转换conversion11コンバータ转换器converter11コンパイラー编译器compiler11コンパイラー编译程序compiler11コンパイラージェネレータ编译程序生成器compiler generator 21コンパイル编译compile11コンパクトディスク只读光盘commpact disk(CD) 21コンバセーショナル会话式conversational11コンパチビリティ兼容性compatibility11コンパティビリティー兼容性compatibility11コンパレーター比较器comparator11コンピューターシステム计算机系统computer system 21コンピュータープログラム计算机程序computer program 11コンフィギュレーション配置configuration10コンフィギュレーション識別配置标识21コンフィネメント监护confinement11コンベア传送带conveyer21コンポーネント组件component21コンボボックス组合框combo box21コンマ逗号comma11サーチエンジン搜索引擎search engine21サーティフィケーション认证certification11サーバ服务器server21サービスモード服务模式service mode21サイズ尺寸size11サイズ大小size21サイト网站site11サイドバー边缘side bar21サイレント静音silent10さっぱりタイプ干爽型21サブディレクトリ子目录subdirectory21サブネットマスク子网掩码subnet mask21サブプログラム子程序sub-program21サブミットボタン提交按钮submit button21サプライヤー供应商supplier11サブルーチン子程序sub-routine21サマリー概括summary21サマリー摘要summary11サムスン製三星制Samsung11サムネイル缩略图thumb nail11サンプリングレート抽样速率sampling rate21サンプル样例sample21シーケンサ定序器sequencer11シーケンシャル连续的sequential11シーケンシャル顺序的sequential11シーケンス序列sequence21シーケンスゼネレータ序列生成器seguence generator 11シード种子seed11シームレス无缝、无遗漏seamless21シールド屏蔽shield21シーン场景scene21ジェネレーター发生器generator21ジェネレート生成generate21ジェネレート产生generate21シェルスクリプト外壳脚本程序shell script11システム系统system21システムエンジニア系统工程师system engineer21システムコール系统调用system call11ヘッダ头部header11ヘッダ标题header31ヘッダブロック头部块header block31ヘッダブロック标题块header block21ペナルティ罚款penalty21ペンティアム奔腾CPU pentium21ペンディング保留pending21ペンディング未决定pending21ポインター指针pointer21ポータル大门portal21ポータル入口portal11ポート端口port21ポートハブ端口集线器port hub21ボートレート波特率baud rate11ホーム主场home21ホームサーバ家用服务器home server21ホームサーバー家用服务器home server21ホームページ主页home page21ポーリング轮询法polling31ボールエンドミル圆头槽铣刀ball end mill21ホールド把握hold21ホールド保持hold21ボーレート波特率baudrate21ボーレート比特率baudrate21ポスター海报poster21ポスター标语poster11ホスト主机host31ホストコンピュータ主机host computer41ホストコンピューター主机host computer31ポストスクリプトPostscript语言postscript31ポストフィックス后缀postfix21ポップアップ弹出pop-up31ポップアップメニュー弹出式菜单popup menu11ボトム底部bottom21ボトムアップ自底向上bottom-up21ボトムレベル最低级别bottom-level21ポリゴン多角形polygon21ポリゴン多边形polygon11ボンド捆绑bond11ボンド绑定bond21マーキング打标记marking21マーキング做标记marking11マーク标记mark11マーク标识mark11マージ合并merge21マージン安全系数margin21マージン界限margin21マージン容限margin31マイクロウェーブ微波microwave31マイナーチェンジ局部改动minor change31マイナーチェンジ小改动minor change41マイナス２歩数反码minus11マウス鼠标mouse21マウスホィール鼠标滚轮mouse wheel31マウスポインター鼠标指示符mouse pointer11マウント安装mount11マウント装配mount21マザーボード主板mother board21マシンコード机器码machine code21マスカレード被掩码masquerade21マスカレード被屏蔽masquerade11マスク掩码mask31マスター場主场master21マゼンタ紫红色Magenta21マゼンタ品红色Magenta31マッキントッシュ麦金托什机Macintosh21マッチング匹配matching31マッチングテーブル匹配表matching table21マッピング映射mapping11マップ映象map21マップファイル映象文件mapfile30まとめて言えば总的来说21マトリックス矩阵matrix21マトリックス字模matrix21マトリックス真值表matrix21マナーモード方法模式manner mode31マネジメント管理management31マネジメント经营management31マルチアサイン多指定multi assign31マルチアサイン多分配multi assign21マルチキャスト多点传送multicast21マルチキャスト多播multicast21マルチドロップ多点multi-drop21マルチドロップ多站multi-drop31マルチプレクシング复用multi-plexing31マルチプロセッサー多处理器multi-processor41マルチマスターサポート多主支持multi-master support 21マルチメディア多媒体multimedia21マルチループ多重循环multi-loop21マングビーン绿豆mung bean21マンホール出入孔manhole21マンホール检修孔manhole21ミクサー混合器mixer31ミラーイメージ镜像mirror image21ミレニアム一千年millennium21ミレニアム太平盛世millennium21メインウィンドウ主窗口main window31メインフレーム主框架mainframe31メインフレーム大型机mainframe21メインボード主板mainboard21メーラー邮件发送器mailer31メーリングリスト收件人名单mailing-list21メールトレイ邮箱mail tray11メソッド方法method21メタファイル元文件metafile11メッシュ循环mesh11メッシュ网眼mesh11メッシュ网络mesh11セグメント段segment11セグメント节segment11セッションオブジェクト会话对象session object21セット一套set21セット集合set21セット设置set31セットマップファイル设定映象文件set mapfile11ゼネレータ生成程序generator11ゼネレータ发生器generator21セパレータ分隔符separator21セフティーアイズ安全眼safety eyes21セマフォ信号灯semaphore21セマフォ信息量semaphore11セミコロン分号semicolon21セラミック陶瓷ceramic31セレクト文选择语句select11ゼロックス美国施乐公司Xerox11ソース源程序source21ソースコード源代码source code21ソースビュー源程序视图source view31ソースプログラム源程序source program 10そぐらない不合适11ソケット套接字socket30その時になる届时21ソフトアイス专业调试软件soft-ice31ソフトエンジニアリング软件工程soft enginearing 11ソラリスSUN-UNIX网络操作系统Solaris21ソリディティー完整性solidity21ソリディティー坚固性solidity11ソリューション解答solution11ソリューション解决solution21ソルダーレジスト阻焊膜solder resist21ソルダーレジスト焊接面具solder resist11ターゲット目标target11ターゲット标的target31ターゲットプログラム目标程序target program 21ターボリナックスBROLAND公司Linux操作系统Turbo-Linux11ターミナル终端terminal31ダイアログボックス对话框dialog box21ダイジェスト摘要digest21ダイジェスト文摘digest21タイトルバー标题栏title bar21ダイナミック动态dynamic11タイマ定时器timer11タイマ计时器timer21タイマー定时器timer21タイマー计时器timer21タイムアウト超时time out21タイムスタンプ时标time stamp21タイムスタンプ时间戳time stamp21タイムリー及时的timely21タイムリー适时的timely21ダイヤグラム图解diagram21ダイヤグラム图表diagram31ダイヤリサーチ通过调查研究dia-research11ダイヤル刻度盘dial11ダイヤル拨号盘dial11ダイヤル标度盘dial21タイル化平铺tile21タイル化贴砖化tile31ダイレクトリード直接读取direct read21ダウンリンク下行线路downlink21ダウンリンク向下传输downlink21ダウンロード下载download11タギング带标记tagging11タグ标柱tag11タグ标记tag11タグ标识符tag11ダクト管道duct11ダクト导管duct11タスク任务task21タスクスケジューラ任务调度程序task schedular 21タスクバー任务拦taskbar11ダッシュ破折号dash11タッチ触摸touch11タッチ触动touch11タッチ接触touch21タッチパネル触摸式面板touch panel11タップ轻按tap11タップ轻拍tap11タブ制表tab11タブ标记tab31ダブルクォート双引号double quote31ダブルコーテーション双引号double-quote11ダミー虚假dummy11ダミー虚拟dummy11ダンパー节气阀damper11ダンパー风门damper11ダンプ内象dump11ダンプ转储dump21チーフプログラマ主程序员chief programmer 21チェーンドリスト链接表chained list21チェーンドリスト链表chained list21チェックアウト结帐退房check-out21チェックイン登记入住check-in21チェックサム检查和chechsum21チェックデジット检验位check degit21チェックポイント检查点checkpoint21チェックポイント检查站checkpoint21チェックボックス多选框check box21チェックボックス复选框check box21チェックボックス选择框check box21チェックマーク复选标记check mark21チェックライタ支票数字打印机checkwriter21チップセット芯片集chip set21チップセット芯片组chip set21チップセレクト芯片选择chip select21チップセレクト片选chip select21チップ選択片选chip11チャート图chart11チャート图表chart11チャット聊天chat11チャネル信道channel11チャネル通道channel11チャネル频道channel11チャプタ章chapter11チャプタ段chapter11チャンネル信道channel11チャンネル通道channel11チャンネル频道channel21チュートリアル指南tutorial21チュートリアル自学材料tutorial10チョウザメ鲟鱼21ツールメニュー工具菜单tool menu21ツリートラバーサル树的遍历tree traversal21ツリー構造树结构tree structure21ディーゼルエンジン柴油机diesel engine21ディクショナリー字典dictionary21ディクショナリー词典dictionary21ディスカッション讨论discussion21ディスクアクセス磁盘存取disk access21ディスクアクセス访问disk access21ディスクリプター描述符descriptor21ディストーション失真distortion21ディストーション歪曲distortion21ディストーション畸变distortion21ディストリビューション分布distribution21ディストリビューション分发distribution21ディスパッチ分派dispatch21ディスパッチ发送dispatch31ディスパッチテーブル发送表dispatch table21ディスプレイ显示器display21ディスマウント卸下dismount21ディスマウント拆卸dismount21ディップスイッチ双列开关dip switch21ディバイスマネジャー设备管理device manager 21ディベロップメント发展development21ディベロップメント开发development21ディレイ延迟delay21ディレクトリ目录directory11データ数据data31データアブストラクション数据抽象data abstraction 21データグラム数据报datagram31データストリーム数据流data stream21データセグメント数据段data segment21データソース数据源data source21データソース数据发生器data source21データタイプ数据类型data type21データパケット数据包data packet21データファイル数据文件data file21データブック资料手册data book31データフローチャート数据流程图data flowchart31データブロック数据块data block21データベース数据库database31データベースサーバ数据库服务器database server 31データベースリンク数据库链database link21データリンク数据链路data link21データ型数据类型data type21データ辞書数据字典data dictionary 11テーブル表table21テーブルスペース表空间tablespace21テキストベース文本库text base21テキストボックス文本框text box21デキュー出列dequeue21デキュー出队dequeue20できるだけ尽量20できるだけ力求21テクニック技巧technique21テクニック技术technique21テクノロジー技术technorogy21デクリメンタル减量decremental21デクリメント减量decrement21デクリメント递减decrement21デコード解码decode31デザインレビュー设计检查design review31デジタルデータ数字数据digital data31デジタルメディア数字媒体digital media31デスクトップコンピューター台式计算机desktop computer 21デスティネーション目的地destination21デストラクター析构函数destructor21デタッチ派遣detach21デタッチ分离detach21デッドエンド终端dead end11デテクター探测器detector21デバッギング排错debugging21デバッギング调试debugging21デフォルト默认default21デマンド需求demand11デリミタ―定界符delimiter21デルタクロック再启动时钟delta clock21テルネット远程登录telnet21デルファイBorland面向对象开发软件包Delphi21テロップ表示文字移动插入telo21テンプレート模板template31テンプレートマッチング模板匹配templet matching 31テンポラリーファイル临时文件temporary file31トーンダイヤル音调刻度盘tone dial21ドキュメンタリー记录片documentary21ドキュメンテーション文件化documentation21ドキュメンテーション文档化documentation21トグルボタン触发按钮toggle button21ドッキング对接docking41ドッキングツールバー浮动工具条docking tool bar31ドットマトリックス点阵dot martrix31トップレベル最高级别top-level41トップレベルドメイン最高级别域top-level domain 21トナー墨粉toner31トピックペイン窗格topic pane21ドメイン域domain21ドメイン定义域domain31トライアル版测试版trial31トライアル版试用版trial21ドライバ驱动程序driver31ドライバー驱动程序driver41ドライバーワークス驱动程序工作软件driver works21ドライブ盘drive21ドライブ驱动器drive21ドラッキング拖动draging21ドラッグ拖曳drag21ドラッグ拖动drag31ドラッグ&ドロップ拖曳放置drog&drop10発送派发10発送分派10発注提出订货20発注先供应者20発注先提供者10抜粋提取10抜粋摘要10抜粋拔出10判子印章10判子图章10半値中值20半二重半双工20反対色反色20反転表示逆显示20反転表示反相显示10汎化一般化10汎化普通化10汎用通用30比較演算子比较运算符20非移動性非易失性20非同期异步20飛越し文goto语句go to statement20飛越し文转向语句go to statement20飛出し文转向语句,goto语句go to statement10備蓄储备41標準ライブラリ関数标准库函数library20表現式表达式10表紙封面20表示式显式10評価评价10評価评估20不満足不理想20付替え改变20付替え更换10付与授予10付与给予40浮動小数点型浮点型30符号無し整数无符号整数10風土水土10風土风土30風土に合わない水土不服20復号化解密20複合文复合语句30複数選択枝多分支41物干しハンガー晾衣架hanger31物干しロープ晾衣绳rope20分解能清晰度10分解能分辨率10分岐分枝10分岐转移40分散型データベース分布式数据库20分周率分频率10文语句20文字化け乱码21文字型字符型character type21文字列字符串string31文字列型字符串型string type10弊害弊端31並行プロセス并行进程concurrent process 31並行プロセス并发进程concurrent process 20米糠稻糠10別売分开销售10変数变量21片持ちスラブ悬臂板slab20片方向单向10返却退还。

：JDK(Java Development Kit) java开发工具包JVM(Java Virtual Machine) java虚拟机Javac 编译命令java 解释命令Javadoc 生成java文档命令classpath 类路径Version 版本author 作者public 公共的class 类static 静态的void 没有返回值String 字符串类System 系统类out 输出print 同行打印println 换行打印JIT(just-in-time) 及时处理第二章：byte 字节char 字符boolean 布尔short 短整型int 整形long 长整形float 浮点类型double 双精度if 如果else 否则switch 多路分支case 与常值匹配break 终止default 默认while 当到循环do 直到循环for 已知次数循环continue结束本次循环进行下次跌代length 获取数组元素个数第三章：OOP object oriented programming 面向对象编程Object 对象Class 类Class member 类成员Class method 类方法Class variable 类变量Constructor 构造方法Package 包Import package 导入包第四章：Extends 继承Base class 基类Super class 超类Overloaded method 重载方法Overridden method 重写方法Public 公有Private 私有Protected 保护Static 静态Abstract 抽象Interface 接口Implements interface 实现接口第五章：Exception 意外，异常RuntimeExcepiton 运行时异常ArithmeticException 算术异常IllegalArgumentException 非法数据异常ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 数组索引越界异常NullPointerException 空指针异常ClassNotFoundException 类无法加载异常（类不能找到）NumberFormatException 字符串到float类型转换异常（数字格式异常）IOException 输入输出异常FileNotFoundException 找不到文件异常EOFException 文件结束异常InterruptedException （线程）中断异常try 尝试catch 捕捉finally 最后throw 投、掷、抛throws 投、掷、抛print Stack Trace() 打印堆栈信息get Message（）获得错误消息get Cause（）获得异常原因method 方法able 能够instance 实例check 检查第六章：byte（字节）char（字符）int（整型）long（长整型）float（浮点型）double（双精度）boolean（布尔）short（短整型）Byte （字节类）Character （字符类）Integer（整型类）Long （长整型类）Float（浮点型类）Double （双精度类）Boolean（布尔类）Short （短整型类）Digit （数字）Letter （字母）Lower (小写)Upper (大写)Space (空格)Identifier (标识符)Start (开始)String (字符串)length （值）equals (等于)Ignore （忽略）compare （比较）sub （提取）concat （连接）replace （替换）trim （整理）Buffer (缓冲器)reverse (颠倒)delete （删除）append （添加）Interrupted （中断的）第七章：Date 日期，日子After 后来，后面Before 在前，以前Equals 相等，均等toString 转换为字符串SetTime 设置时间Display 显示，展示Calendar 日历Add 添加，增加GetInstance 获得实例getTime 获得时间Clear 扫除，清除Clone 克隆，复制Util 工具，龙套Components 成分，组成Month 月份Year 年，年岁Hour 小时，钟头Minute 分钟Second 秒Random 随意，任意Next Int 下一个整数Gaussian 高斯ArrayList 对列LinkedList 链表Hash 无用信息，杂乱信号Map 地图Vector 向量，矢量Size 大小Collection 收集Shuffle 混乱，洗牌RemoveFirst 移动至开头RemoveLast 移动至最后lastElement 最后的元素Capacity 容量，生产量Contains 包含，容纳Copy 副本，拷贝Search 搜索，查询InsertElementAt 插入元素在某一位置第八章：io->in out 输入/输出File 文件import 导入exists 存在isFile 是文件isDirectory 是目录getName 获取名字getPath 获取路径getAbsolutePath 获取绝对路径lastModified 最后修改日期length 长度InputStream 输入流OutputStream 输出流Unicode 统一的字符编码标准, 采用双字节对字符进行编码Information 信息FileInputStream 文件输入流FileOutputStream文件输出流IOException 输入输出异常fileobject 文件对象available 可获取的read 读取write 写BufferedReader 缓冲区读取FileReader 文本文件读取BufferedWriter 缓冲区输出FileWriter 文本文件写出flush 清空close 关闭DataInputStream 二进制文件读取DataOutputStream二进制文件写出EOF 最后encoding 编码Remote 远程release 释放第九章：JBuider Java 集成开发环境（IDE）Enterprise 企业版Developer 开发版Foundation 基础版Messages 消息格Structure 结构窗格Project 工程Files 文件Source 源代码Design 设计History 历史Doc 文档File 文件Edit 编辑Search 查找Refactor 要素View 视图Run 运行Tools 工具Window 窗口Help 帮助Vector 矢量addElement 添加内容Project Winzard 工程向导Step 步骤Title 标题Description 描述Copyright 版权Company 公司Aptech Limited Aptech有限公司author 作者Back 后退Finish 完成version 版本Debug 调试New 新建ErrorInsight 调试第十章：JFrame 窗口框架JPanel 面板JScrollPane 滚动面板title 标题Dimension 尺寸Component 组件Swing JAVA轻量级组件getContentPane 得到内容面板LayoutManager 布局管理器setVerticalScrollBarPolicy 设置垂直滚动条策略AWT（Abstract Window Toolkit）抽象窗口工具包GUI （Graphical User Interface）图形用户界面VERTICAL_SCROLLEARAS_NEEDED 当内容大大面板出现滚动条VERTICAL_SOROLLEARAS_ALWAYS 显示滚动条VERTICAL_SOROLLEARAS_NEVER 不显示滚动条JLabel 标签Icon 图标image 图象LEFT 左对齐RIGHT 右对齐JTextField 单行文本getColumns 得到列数setLayout 设置布局BorderLayout 边框布局CENTER 居中对齐JTextArea 多行文本setFont 设置字体setHorizontalAlignment 设置文本水平对齐方式setDefaultCloseOperation 设置默认的关闭操作add 增加JButton 按钮JCheckBox 复选框JRadioButton单选按钮addItem 增加列表项getItemAt 得到位置的列表项getItemCount 得到列表项个数setRolloverIcon 当鼠标经过的图标setSelectedIcon 当选择按钮的图标getSelectedItem 得到选择的列表项getSelectedIndex 得到选择的索引ActionListener 按钮监听ActionEvent 按钮事件actionPerformed 按钮单击方法计算机编程英语大全关键字: 计算机编程英语大全算法常用术语中英对照Data Structures 基本数据结构Dictionaries 字典Priority Queues 堆Graph Data Structures 图Set Data Structures 集合Kd-Trees 线段树Numerical Problems 数值问题Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法Determinants and Permanents 行列式Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题Linear Programming 线性规划Random Number Generation 随机数生成Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算Knapsack Problem 背包问题Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Fourier变换Combinatorial Problems 组合问题Sorting 排序Searching 查找Median and Selection 中位数Generating Permutations 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成Generating Partitions 划分生成Generating Graphs 图的生成Calendrical Calculations 日期Job Scheduling 工程安排Satisfiability 可满足性Graph Problems -- polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支Topological Sorting 拓扑排序Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树Shortest Path 最短路径Transitive Closure and Reduction 传递闭包Matching 匹配Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点Network Flow 网络流Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入Graph Problems -- hard 图论-NP问题Clique 最大团Independent Set 独立集Vertex Cover 点覆盖Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商问题Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路Graph Partition 图的划分Vertex Coloring 点染色Edge Coloring 边染色Graph Isomorphism 同构Steiner Tree Steiner树Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何Convex Hull 凸包Triangulation 三角剖分Voronoi Diagrams Voronoi图Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询Range Search 范围查询Point Location 位置查询Intersection Detection 碰撞测试Bin Packing 装箱问题Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割Simplifying Polygons 多边形化简Shape Similarity 相似多边形Motion Planning 运动规划Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割Minkowski Sum Minkowski和Set and String Problems 集合与串的问题Set Cover 集合覆盖Set Packing 集合配置String Matching 模式匹配Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Text Compression 压缩Cryptography 密码Finite State Machine Minimization 有穷自动机简化Longest Common Substring 最长公共子串Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串DP——Dynamic Programming——动态规划recursion ——递归编程词汇A2A integration A2A整合abstract 抽象的abstract base class (ABC)抽象基类abstract class 抽象类abstraction 抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、访问access level访问级别access function 访问函数account 账户action 动作activate 激活active 活动的actual parameter 实参adapter 适配器add-in 插件address 地址address space 地址空间address-of operator 取地址操作符ADL (argument-dependent lookup)ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX数据对象advanced 高级的aggregation 聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias 别名align 排列、对齐allocate 分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器angle bracket 尖括号annotation 注解、评注API (Application Programming Interface) 应用(程序)编程接口app domain (application domain)应用域application 应用、应用程序application framework 应用程序框架appearance 外观append 附加architecture 架构、体系结构archive file 归档文件、存档文件argument引数(传给函式的值)。

CISSP考试练习(习题卷3)第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]你认为下列哪一个是最安全的身份验证方式？A)生物识别B)密码C)令牌D)票证授予答案:A解析:<p>Biometric authentication systems take advantage of an individual&#39;s unique physical characteristics in order to authenticate that person&#39;s identity. Various forms of biometric authentication include face, voice, eye, hand, signature, and fingerprint, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. When combined with the use of a PIN it can provide two factors authentication.</p>2.[单选题]Kevin 正在为他的组织制定持续的安全监控策略。

在确定评估和监测频率时,通常不使用以下哪一项?A)威胁情报B)系统分类/影响级别C)安全控制操作负担D)组织风险承受能力答案:C解析:根据 NIST SP 800-137,组织应使用以下因素来确定评估和监控频率:安全控制波动性、系统分类/影响级别、提供关键功能的安全控制或特定评估对象、已识别弱点的安全控制、组织风险容忍度、威胁信息、漏洞信息、风险评估结果、监控策略审查的输出和报告要求。

3.[单选题]Brenda 的组织最近完成了对竞争对手公司的收购。

以下哪一项任务最不可能成为收购期间处理的组织流程的一部分?Brenda’s organization recently completed the acquisition of a competitor firm. Which one of the following tasks would be LEAST likely to be part of the organizational processes addressed during the acquisition?A)安保职能的整合Consolidation of security functionsB)安全工具的集成Integration of security toolsC)知识产权保护Protection of intellectual propertyD)安全政策文件Documentation of security policies答案:C解析:与收购(一家公司购买另一家公司)相比,在资产剥离(子公司被分拆为一个独立的组织)期间,知识产权保护是一个更大的问题。

2023年国开非英语专业学位英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 National Open University Non-English Major Degree English ExamPart I Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. For each passage, there are several multiple-choice questions, and you are required to choose the best answer from the options given.Passage 1Many people believe that the secret to a healthy lifestyle lies in regular exercise and a balanced diet. However, recent studies have shown that sleep also plays a crucial role in maintaining good health. During sleep, the body repairs and rejuvenates itself, helping to reduce stress, improve memory, and boost the immune system. Lack of sleep has been linked to a range of health problems, including obesity, heart disease, and depression.1. According to the passage, what is the importance of sleep in maintaining good health?A. Reducing stress and improving memoryB. Repairing and rejuvenating the bodyC. Boosting the immune systemD. All of the above2. What health problems are associated with lack of sleep?A. Obesity, heart disease, and depressionB. Stress, memory problems, and weak immune systemC. Anxiety, diabetes, and insomniaD. None of the abovePassage 2Global warming is a major environmental issue that is affecting the planet. The rise in temperature is causing glaciers to melt, sea levels to rise, and extreme weather events to become more frequent. To combat global warming, it is important for individuals to reduce their carbon footprint by using renewable energy sources, taking public transportation, and recycling.3. According to the passage, what actions can individuals take to combat global warming?A. Using renewable energy sources, taking public transportation, and recyclingB. Driving more cars, using plastic bags, and wasting waterC. Cutting down forests, using coal for energy, and throwing trash in the oceanD. None of the above4. What are the consequences of global warming?A. Melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and extreme weather eventsB. Decrease in pollution, increase in wildlife population, and cooler temperaturesC. Cleaner air, healthier oceans, and more rainD. All of the abovePart II Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)Directions: There are 10 vocabulary and grammar questions in this part. For each question, choose the best option to complete the sentence.5. I have ________ finished my homework.A. alreadyB. yetC. stillD. few6. My parents ________ me to study hard.A. encourageB. encouragesC. encouragingD. encouraged7. I ________ him since last year.A. knowB. knewC. will knowD. have known8. She ________ flowers every morning.A. waterC. wateringD. watered9. ________ is the capital of Japan.A. SeoulB. TokyoC. BeijingD. Bangkok10. The book is ________ interesting.A. veryB. muchC. manyD. most11. My brother knows how to speak ________ languages.A. muchB. a littleC. few12. It's ________ late to go to the movie.A. tooB. eitherC. bothD. all13. The match was ________ boring.A. quiteB. quitC. quite aD. quiet14. I will come to see you ________ I finish my work.A. whenB. unlessC. whereverD. thoughPart III Writing (40 points)Directions: Write an essay on the following topic. Your essay should be at least 200 words.Topic: The impact of social media on societyWith the rise of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, the way we communicate, interact, and consume information has drastically changed. While social media has many benefits, such as connecting people from around the world and providing a platform for free expression, it also has its drawbacks.One of the major impacts of social media on society is the rise of fake news and misinformation. With the ease of sharing information online, it has become difficult to discern what is true and what is fake. This has led to the spread of rumors, conspiracy theories, and the manipulation of public opinion.Additionally, social media has also been linked to mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The constant comparison to others on social media, the pressure to present a perfect image, and the fear of missing out have all contributed to the decline in mental well-being.In conclusion, while social media has revolutionized the way we communicate, it is important for individuals to be mindful of the impact it has on society. It is crucial to verify information before sharing it, to limit screen time, and to prioritize real-life interactions over virtual ones.Overall, the 2023 National Open University Non-English Major Degree English Exam is designed to test students' reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. By preparing diligently for the exam, students can improve their English proficiency and achieve academic success.篇22023 National Open University Non-English Major Degree English ExamReading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:With the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has become more prevalent in our daily lives. From virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars, AI is changing the way we interact with the world. While AI has manybenefits, there are also concerns about its impact on the job market.One concern is the potential loss of jobs due to automation. As AI continues to improve, more tasks that were once done by humans can now be done more efficiently and cost-effectively by machines. This has led to fears that many jobs will become obsolete as companies replace human workers with AI-powered machines. However, proponents of AI argue that it can also create new job opportunities in fields like programming, data analysis, and robotics.Another concern is the ethical implications of AI. As machines become more intelligent, there are questions about how they should be programmed to make ethical decisions. For example, in the case of self-driving cars, should they prioritize the safety of the passengers or pedestrians? These are complex moral dilemmas that need to be addressed as AI becomes more integrated into society.Questions:1. What are some examples of AI technology mentioned in the passage?2. What is one potential consequence of AI on the job market?3. What are some ethical considerations related to AI discussed in the passage?WritingWrite an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:Discuss the pros and cons of artificial intelligence in our society. Provide examples to support your arguments.Listening ComprehensionListen to the following audio clip and answer the questions.Audio Clip:Speaker 1: As technology advances, AI is becoming more and more prevalent in various industries. How do you think this will impact our economy in the future?Speaker 2: I believe that AI has the potential to revolutionize the way we work and do business. By automating repetitive tasks, companies can increase efficiency and productivity. However, there is also the risk of job loss as tasks that were once done by humans are now being done by machines.Questions:1. What is the potential impact of AI on the economy according to speaker 1?2. What is one advantage of AI mentioned by speaker 2?SpeakingIn this section, you will be asked a series of questions related to the topic of artificial intelligence. Please answer each question clearly and concisely.1. How do you think AI will impact the job market in the future?2. What are some potential ethical concerns related to the use of AI?3. Do you believe that AI will ultimately have a positive or negative impact on society? Why?Good luck on your exam!篇32023 National Open Non-English Major Degree English ExamPart I: Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, there are five passages with questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the answer sheet.Passage 1Technology is reshaping the way we live, work, and learn. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought with it incredible advancements and opportunities, but also new challenges and uncertainties. As more and more tasks become automated, the skills that are valued in the workforce are changing. Employers are now looking for individuals who are adaptable, creative, and able to think critically and problem-solve.1. According to the passage, what are employers looking for in the workforce?A. Employees who are resistant to change.B. Employees with traditional skills.C. Employees who are adaptable and creative.D. Employees who are good at following instructions.2. What is one of the challenges mentioned in the passage?A. The rise of AI has not brought any advancements.B. There are fewer job opportunities due to automation.C. The skills required in the workforce are changing.D. Employers are not interested in hiring individuals who can think critically.3. How has technology impacted the skills required in the workforce?A. It has made traditional skills more valuable.B. It has made individuals less adaptable.C. It has changed the skills that employers value.D. It has not had any impact on the skills required in the workforce.Passage 2The concept of globalization has transformed the world in many ways. Companies can now operate on a global scale, reaching customers in different countries and cultures. This has created new opportunities for business growth and expansion, but also new challenges in terms of managing diverse teams and meeting the needs and expectations of customers around the world.4. What is one of the opportunities mentioned in the passage?A. The ability to reach customers in different countries.B. The need to limit business operations to a local scale.C. The challenge of managing diverse teams.D. The inability to meet the needs of customers globally.5. What is one of the challenges mentioned in the passage?A. The concept of globalization has not transformed the world in any way.B. There are no challenges in terms of managing diverse teams.C. Companies no longer need to consider the needs and expectations of customers around the world.D. The need to meet the needs and expectations of customers around the world.6. How has the concept of globalization impacted business operations?A. It has made it difficult for companies to reach customers in different countries.B. It has created new opportunities for business growth and expansion.C. It has made managing diverse teams easier.D. It has limited business operations to a local scale.Now, please turn to the next page for Part II: Vocabulary and Structure.。

高三英语计算机编程单选题50题1. In a software development project, when you want to create a new variable to store an integer value, which of the following is the correct keyword in many programming languages?A. varB. intC. strD. bool答案：B。

解析：在许多编程语言中，“int”是用于声明整数类型变量的关键字。

选项A“var”通常是一种更通用的变量声明方式，但不特定表示整数类型。

选项C“str”是用于声明字符串类型的变量，用于存储文本数据。

选项D“bool”是用于声明布尔类型的变量，用于表示真或假的值。

2. When debugging a program, you find an error that occurs when the program tries to access an element in an array that doesn't exist. What is this type of error called?A. Syntax errorB. Runtime errorC. Compile - time errorD. Logical error答案：B。

解析：运行时错误是指程序在运行期间发生的错误，如访问不存在的数组元素这种情况。

选项A语法错误是指代码违反了编程语言的语法规则，在编译阶段就会被发现。

选项C编译时错误也是在编译过程中发现的错误，通常与语法或编译环境有关。

选项D 逻辑错误是指程序的逻辑存在问题，导致结果不符合预期，但不是这种访问不存在元素的错误类型。

3. In object - oriented programming, what is a class?A. A single instance of an objectB. A blueprint or template for creating objectsC. A method that operates on objectsD. A variable that stores object references答案：B。

Unite 1Section A: 1、artificial intelligence 人工智能2、paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3、Optical computer 光学计算机4、Neural network 神经网络5、Instruction set 指令集6、Parallel processing 并行处理器7、Difference engine差分机8、Versatile logical element 多用途逻辑元件9、Silicon substrate 硅衬底10、Vaccum tube 真空管11、数据的存储与管理the storage and management of data12、超大规模集成电路large-scale integrated circuit13、中央处理器central processing unit14、个人计算机personal computer15、模拟计算机analog computer16、数字计算机digital computer17、通用计算机general purpose computer18、处理器芯片processor chip19、操作指令operating instructions20、输入设备input devicesSection B1、artificial neural network 人工智能神经网络2、Computer architecture 计算机体系结构3、Robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4、Human-computer interface 人机接口5、Knowledge representation 知识代表6、数值分析numerical analysis7、程序设计环境programming environment8、数据结构data structure9、存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10、虚拟现实virtual realityUnit 2Section A：1、function key 功能键2、V oice recognition module 声音识别调制器3、Touch-sensitive region 触敏扫描仪4、Address bus 地址总线5、Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6、Dot-matrix printer 矩阵式打印机7、Parallel connection 并行连接8、Cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9、Video game 电子游戏10、Audio signal 音频信号11、操作系统operating system12、液晶显示liquid crystal display13、喷墨打印机inkjet printer14、数据总线data bus15、串行连接serial connection16、易失性存储器volatile memory17、激光打印机laser printer18、磁盘存储器floppy disc19、基本输入输出系统basic input/output system20、视频显示器video displaySection B:1、interrupt handler 中断处理程序2、Virtual memory 虚拟内存3、Context switch 上下文转换4、Main memory 主存5、Bit pattern 位模式6、外围设备peripheral device7、进程表process table8、时间片time slice9、图形用户界面graphics user interface10、海量存储器mass storageUnit 3Section A:1、storage register 存储寄存器2、Function statement 函数语句3、Program statement 程序语句4、Object-oriented language 面向对象语言5、Assembly language 汇编语言6、Intermediate language 中间语言7、Relational language 关系语言8、Artificial language 人工语言9、Data declaration 数据声明10、SQL 结构化查询语言11、可执行程序executable program12、程序模块program module13、条件语句conditional statement14、赋值语句assignment statement15、逻辑语言logic statement16、机器语言machine language17、函数式语言functional language18、程序设计语言programming language19、运行计算机程序run a omputer program20、计算机程序员computer programmerSection B1、native code 本机代码2、Header file 头文件3、Multithreaded program 多线程程序4、Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器5、Mallicious code6、机器码machine code7、汇编码assembly code8、特洛伊木马程序trojan9、软件包software package10、类层次class hierarchyUnit 4Section A1、inference engine 推理机2、System call 系统调用3、Compiled language 编译执行的语言4、Parellel computing 并行计算5、Pattern matching 模式匹配6、Memory location 存储单元7、Interpreter program 解释程序8、Library routine 库程序9、Intermediate program 中间程序10、Source file 源文件11、解释执行的语言interpreted language12、设备驱动程序device driver13、源程序source program14、调试程序debugger15、目标代码object code16、应用程序application program17、实用程序utility program18、逻辑程序logic program19、黑盒ink cartridge20、程序的存储与执行storage and execution of program Section B1、Messaging model 通信模式2、Common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻（环境）3、Hierarchical namespace 分层的名称空间4、Development community 开发社区5、CORBA 公共对象请求代理体系结构6、基本组件basic components7、元数据标记metadata token8、虚拟机VM virtual machine9、集成开发环境IDE（intergrated development environment）10、简单对象访问协议SOAP(simple object access protocol) Unit 5Section A1、system specification 系统规范2、Unit testing 单元测试3、Software life cycle 软件的生命周期4、System validation process 系统验证过程5、Evolutionary development process 进化发展过程6、Simple linear model 简单线性模型7、Program unit 程序单元8、Throwaway prototype 一次性使用原型9、Text formatting 文本格式10、System evolution 系统演变11、系统设计范例paradigm for system design12、需求分析与定义Requirements analysis and definition13、探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach14、系统文件编制system documentation15、瀑布模型waterfall model16、系统集成system integration17、商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf software18、基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering19、软件维护工具software maintenance tool20、软件复用software reuseSection B1、check box 复选框2、Structured design 结构化设计3、Building block 构建模块4、Database schema 数据库模式5、Radio button 单选按钮6、系统建模技术system modeling techniques7、模型驱动开发MDD(model-driven development)8、数据流程图data flow diagram9、下拉式菜单drop-down10、滚动条scroll barUnit 6Section A1、end user 终端用户2、Atomic operation 原子操作3、Database administrator 数据库管理员4、Relational database model 关系数据库模型5、Local data 本地数据6、Object-oriented database 面向对象的数据库7、Database management system 数据库管理系统8、Entity-relationship model 实体关系模型9、Distributed database 分布式数据库10、Flat file 展开文件11、二维表two-dimensional table12、数据属性data attributes13、数据库对象database object14、存储设备storage device15、数据类型data type16、数据插入与删除insertion and deletion17、层次数据库模型hierarchical18、数据库体系结构database architecture19、关系数据库管理系统ralational database management system20、全局控制总线global control busSection B1、nonvolatile storage system 易失性存储系统2、Equitment malfunction 设备故障3、Wound-wait protocol 损伤等待协议4、Exclusive lock 排它锁5、Database integrity 数据库完整性6、共享锁shared lock7、数据库实现database implementation8、级联回滚cascading rollback9、数据项data item10、分时操作系统time sharing operating system ;Unit 7Section A1、microwave radio 微波无线电2、digital television 数字电视3、DSL 数字用户线路4、analog transmission 模拟传输5、on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针6、computer terminal 计算机终端7、radio telephone 无线电话8、cellular telephone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机9、decentralized network 分散型网络10、wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网11、光缆fiber-optic cable12、传真机fax machine13、线通信wireless communications14、点对点通信point-to-point communications15、调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse16、通信卫星communication(s) satellite17、电报电键telegraph key18、传输媒体transmission medium (或media)19、无绳电话cordless telephone20、金属导体metal conductorSection B1、bit map 位图2、parallel port 并行端口3、direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器存取4、universal serial bus 通用串行总线5、general-purpose register 通用寄存器6、电路板circuit board7、串行通信serial communication8、数码照相机digital camera9、存储映射输入/输出memory-mapped I/O10、有线电视cable televisionUnit 8Section A1、file server 文件服务器2、carrier sense 载波检测3、Protocol suite 协议族4、Peer-to-peer model 点对点模型5、bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6、inter-machine cooperation 计算机间合作7、Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协作集8、Proprietary network 专有网络9、utility package 实用软件包10、star network 星形网络11、局域网local area network (LAN)12、令牌环token ring13、无线网络wireless network14、封闭式网络closed network15、环形拓扑网络ring topology16、客户/服务机模型client/server model17、网络应用程序network application18、进程间通信interprocess communication19、打印服务机printer server20、广域网wide area networkSection B1、routing path 路由选择通路2、dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3、extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4、backbone network 基干网，骨干网5、mesh topology网络拓扑结构6、同轴电缆coaxial cable7、逻辑拓扑结构logical topology8、无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9、树形拓扑结构tree topology10、目的地节点destination nodeUnit 9Section A1、cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2、IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3、autonomous system 自主系统4、dial-up connection 拨号连接5、network identifier 网络标识符6、binary notation 二进制记数法7、mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8、Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9、name server 名称服务器10、Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11、助记地址mnemonic address12、网吧cyber cafe13、宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14、顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15、因特网编址Internet addressing16、点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17、因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18、专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19、主机地址host address20、硬件与软件支持hardware and software support Section B1、incoming message 来报，到来的报文2、application layer 应用层3、utility software 实用软件4、sequence number （顺）序号，序列号5、remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6、端口号port number7、软件例程software routine8、传输层transport layer9、文件传送协议FTP（File Transfer Protocol）10、万维网浏览器Web browserUnit 10Section A1、mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2、proprietary software 专有软件3、cc line 抄送行4、bcc line 密送行5、forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件6、e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7、click on an icon 点击图标8、confidential document 密件，秘密文件9、classified information 密级信息10、recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11、常用情感符commonly used emoticon12、已删除电子邮件deleted e-mail13、电子系统electronic system14、附件行Attachments line15、版权法copyright law16、电子邮件网规e-mail netiquette17、信息高速公路information superhighway18、签名文件signature file19、电子数据表程序spreadsheet program20、文字处理软件word processorSection B1、web-authoring software 网络写作软件2、template generator 模版生成程序3、navigation page 导航页面4、corporate logo 公司标识5、splash page 醒目页面，过渡页6、导航条navigation bar7、节点页面node page8、网站地图site map9、可用性测试usability testing10、图形交换格式gif（Graphics Interchange Format）Unit 11Section A1、customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2、B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3、mobile telephone 移动电话4、dot-com bust 网络不景气5、smart card 智能卡，灵巧卡6、digital piracy 数字盗版7、dot-com boom 网络繁荣8、C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9、Web auction site 拍卖网站10、fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11、射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12、电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)13、库存管理技术inventory management technology14、知识产权intellectual property15、条形码bar code16、货币兑换currency conversion17、电子图书electronic book18、视网膜扫描仪retina scanner19、个人数字助理personal digital assistant (PDA)20、企业对企业电子商务B2B electronic commerceSection B1、software suite 软件套件2、text box 文本框3、virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4、static catalog 静态目录5、browser session 浏览器会话期6、动态目录dynamic catalog7、购物车软件shopping cart software8、供应链supply chain9、企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10、税率tax rateUnit 12Section A1、encryption program 加密程序2、deletion command 删除命令3、authorized user 授权的用户4、backup copy 备份5、voltage surge 电压浪涌6、circuit breaker 断路器7、electronic component 电子元件（或部件）8、data-entry error 数据输入错误9、electronic break-in 电子入侵10、power line 电力线，输电线11、检测程序detection program12、电源power source13、破坏性计算机程序destructive computer program14、计算机病毒computer virus15、软件侵权software piracy16、硬盘驱动器hard-disk drive17、病毒检查程序virus checker18、主存储器primary storage19、电子公告板electronic bulletin board20、浪涌电压保护器surge protectorSection B1、phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2、graphics card 显（示）卡3、heuristic analysis 试探性分析4、infected file 被感染文件5、virus dictionary 病毒字典6、数据捕获data capture7、恶意软件malicious software8、病毒特征代码virus signature9、防病毒软件antivirus software10、内存驻留程序memory-resident program。

adhering to the development philosophy of -回复问题：[遵循开发理念] 的意义是什么？它如何影响软件开发流程？导语：软件开发是一项复杂而庞大的任务，需要良好的组织、规划和执行方能取得成功。

在这个过程中，项目开发团队需要遵循一些开发理念或准则，以确保开发过程的高效性、时效性和质量。

本文将深入探讨遵循开发理念的重要性，并详细介绍开发理念如何影响软件开发流程。

第一部分：遵循开发理念的重要性开发理念是指在软件开发过程中所遵循的一系列原则和准则。

遵循这些开发理念可以帮助开发团队更好地组织和计划开发工作，减少开发过程中的问题和错误，提高开发效率和质量。

以下是遵循开发理念的重要性：1. 规范化开发：遵循开发理念可以确保开发团队遵循统一的开发流程和标准。

这样做有助于团队成员之间的协作和沟通，并减少因个人风格和偏好带来的问题。

开发团队可以制定标准的开发流程、命名规范、代码风格和文档标准，确保整个开发团队都能按照相同的规范进行开发工作。

2. 提高开发效率：遵循开发理念可以帮助开发团队更好地组织和计划开发工作，减少不必要的重复劳动和浪费。

通过制定合理的开发计划、明确的任务分配和严格的时间管理，团队可以高效地推进开发工作。

此外，开发理念还鼓励使用可重用的代码和模块化编程，以提高开发效率。

3. 降低开发风险：遵循开发理念可以帮助开发团队发现和解决问题，降低项目失败的风险。

开发理念强调测试驱动开发、代码审查和自动化测试等实践，可以帮助开发团队及时发现和修复潜在的问题和错误。

通过遵循开发理念，团队可以提前规避和解决开发过程中的各种风险，确保项目按时交付并符合用户需求。

第二部分：开发理念对软件开发流程的影响开发理念对软件开发流程有着积极的影响。

以下是开发理念在不同阶段对软件开发流程的具体影响：1. 需求分析：开发理念强调与用户的紧密合作和需求的明确定义。

通过与用户的密切合作，开发团队可以更好地了解用户需求，减少需求变更的数量和频率。

英语技术写作试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "API" stands for:A. Application Programming InterfaceB. Artificially Programmed IntelligenceC. Advanced Programming InterfaceD. Automated Programming Interface答案：A2. Which of the following is not a common data type in programming?A. IntegerB. StringC. BooleanD. Vector答案：D3. In technical writing, what is the purpose of using the term "shall"?A. To indicate a requirement or obligationB. To suggest a recommendationC. To express a possibilityD. To denote a future action答案：A4. What does the acronym "GUI" refer to in the context of computing?A. Graphical User InterfaceB. Global User InterfaceC. Generalized User InterfaceD. Graphical Unified Interface答案：A5. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding version control in software development?A. It is used to track changes in software over time.B. It is a type of software testing.C. It is a method for encrypting code.D. It is a way to compile code.答案：A6. What is the primary function of a compiler in programming?A. To debug codeB. To execute codeC. To translate code from one language to anotherD. To optimize code for performance答案：C7. In technical documentation, what does "RTFM" commonly stand for?A. Read The Frequently Asked QuestionsB. Read The Full ManualC. Read The File ManuallyD. Read The Final Message答案：B8. Which of the following is a common method for organizing code in a modular fashion?A. LoopingB. RecursionC. EncapsulationD. Inheritance答案：C9. What is the purpose of a "pseudocode" in programming?A. To provide a detailed step-by-step guide for executing codeB. To serve as a preliminary version of code before actual codingC. To act as an encryption for the codeD. To be used as a substitute for actual code in production答案：B10. What does "DRY" stand for in software development?A. Don't Repeat YourselfB. Data Retrieval YieldC. Database Record YieldD. Dynamic Resource Yield答案：A二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. The process of converting a high-level code into machine code is known as _______.答案：compilation2. In programming, a _______ is a sequence of characters that is treated as a single unit.答案：string3. The _______ pattern in object-oriented programming is a way to allow a class to be used as a blueprint for creating objects.答案：prototype4. A _______ is a type of software development methodology that emphasizes iterative development.答案：agile5. The _______ is a set of rules that defines how data is formatted, transmitted, and received between software applications.答案：protocol6. In technical writing, the term "should" is used toindicate a _______.答案：recommendation7. The _______ is a type of software that is designed to prevent, detect, and remove malicious software.答案：antivirus8. A _______ is a variable that is declared outside the function and hence belongs to the global scope.答案：global variable9. The _______ is a programming construct that allows you to execute a block of code repeatedly.答案：loop10. In software development, the term "branch" in version control refers to a _______.答案：separate line of development三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a "bug" and a "feature" in software development.答案：A "bug" is an unintended behavior or error in a software program that causes it to behave incorrectly or crash. A "feature," on the other hand, is a planned and intentional part of the software that provides some functionality or capability to the user.2. What is the significance of documentation in technical writing?答案：Documentation in technical writing is significant as it serves to provide detailed information about a product or system, making it easier for users, developers, and other stakeholders to understand its workings, usage, and maintenance. It is crucial for training, troubleshooting, and future development.3. Describe the role of a software architect in a software development project。

Java名称缩写⼤全名称缩写RDB--->redis database 储存复制数据库AOF--->Append-only file 仅追加⽂件IOC--->inversion of control 控制反转AOP--->Aspect Oriented Programming ⾯向切⾯编程SOA--->Service-Oriented Architecture ⾯向服务的结构RPC--->Remote Produce Call 远程过程调⽤RMI--->Remote Method Invocation 远程⽅法调⽤RPM--->Red-Hat Package Manager RPM软件包管理器JVM--->Java Virtual Machine Java虚拟机OOP--->Object Oriented Programming ⾯向对象程序设计HTTP--->Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超⽂本传输协议JWT--->JSON Web Token json web令牌HA--->Hig h A vailable 双机集群系统SPOF--->single point of failure 单点故障SSO--->SingleSignOn 单点登录API--->Application Programming Interface 应⽤程序编程接⼝IDE--->Integrated Development Environment 集成开发环境JDK--->JavaDevelopmentKit Java开发⼯具包JRE--->Java Runtime Environment Java运⾏环境JDBC--->Java DataBase Connectivity java数据库连接DBCP---> DataBase connection pool 数据库连接池DI--->Data Input 数据输⼊JMS--->Java Message Service Java消息服务MQ--->Message Queue 消息队列SQL--->Structured Query Language 结构化查询语⾔DDL--->Data Definition Language 数据库模式定义语⾔DML--->Data Manipulation Language 数据操纵语⾔UUID---> Universally Unique Identifier 通⽤唯⼀识别码VO--->value object 值对象PO--->persistant object 持久对象ARP--->Address Resolution Protocol 地址解析协议LB--->LoadBalance 负载均衡。