北外英语翻译XX考试2021年试题(一)

北外翻译专业考研试题及答案试题：北外翻译专业考研模拟试题一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 创新- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 国际贸易- 文化多样性2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- Globalization- E-commerce- Biodiversity- Climate change- Human rights二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）3. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：- 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。

- 教育是提升一个国家整体素质的关键。

- 保护环境是每个公民的责任。

4. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文：- "Knowledge is power" is a well-known proverb that encourages continuous learning.- The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.- Environmental protection should be a priority for governments worldwide.三、段落翻译（每题25分，共50分）5. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文：随着全球化的深入发展，跨国公司在世界经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

它们不仅推动了国际贸易的增长，还促进了文化交流和技术创新。

6. 将下列英文段落翻译成中文：In the face of climate change, it is imperative that we take immediate action. Sustainable practices must be adopted to reduce our carbon footprint, and international cooperation is essential to address this global challenge.答案：一、词汇翻译1. 创新 - Innovation可持续发展 - Sustainable development人工智能 - Artificial intelligence国际贸易 - International trade文化多样性 - Cultural diversity2. 全球化 - Globalization电子商务 - E-commerce生物多样性 - Biodiversity气候变化 - Climate change人权 - Human rights二、句子翻译3. 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。

北外英语学院翻译考研真题一、英译汉Passage 1:The Price of EducationThe fact that university education has become such a lucrative business has attracted much attention. Universities in the United States, for example, constantly compete to attract students, and they do so by offering various inducements.Some universities offer better facilities, and try to create an attractive environment in which to live and study. Increasingly, however, the quality of education is also being judged by the percentage of graduates who are able to find employment after graduation. Employers, it seems, are no longer satisfied with a university education per se, but want to be assured that graduates will have the skills necessary for the job. To ensure this, some universities are offering simulated work experience as part of their degree programs. Some universities even venture into the realm of industry and commerce, regarding themselves as training colleges rather than as scholarly institutions.The motives behind this new emphasis on practical training are not entirely altruistic. Many universities in the United Kingdom, for example, rely heavily on government funding. The thinking is that by producing employable graduates, universities are not only ensuring that their graduates get good jobs and earn good money, they are also reducing the burden on thestate. Indeed, in some countries, universities that fail to achieve high levels of graduate employment are actually penalized financially.But what is sacrificed in this obsession with practicality? The traditional concept of a university is based on the belief that knowledge is valuable in itself, and that the purpose of education is the pursuit of truth. To surrender this belief and degrade the university to the role of industry training center is to throw the baby out with the bathwater. Certainly, graduates must be able to find employment to support themselves, but a society that puts material gain above all else is a society that has lost its soul.Passage 2:Another Look at Cross-cultural CommunicationThe common expectation of much cross-cultural training is that it is designed to help business people improve their cross-cultural communication competence, thus increasing performance in a variety of multicultural or international contexts. Cross-cultural training often takes the form of brief seminars, sometimes with hands-on experiential exercises and is meant to be enjoyable, eye-opening and informative. Many authors believe that by offering such training, organizations are doing the right thing for their employees because effective cross-cultural communication skills can be a competitive advantage in business.However, less attention has been given to understanding the linkage between the skills and competencies that have been delineated and measured and the ability of learners to effectively apply such knowledge and abilities in specific situations they are likely to encounter at work. Despite the proliferation of studies advocating the use of cross-cultural training toenhance global management effectiveness, very little is known about how training may affect the actual performance of individuals or groups that are experiencing business or mission/aid-related challenges outside of their native cultural contexts.In today’s globalized and technological world, businesses and individuals are more connected across cultural boundaries than ever. In fact, almost all businesses from small to multinational employ individuals who have some form of cross-cultural interactions on a daily basis. By increasing our understanding of the linkages between knowledge, skills and abilitiesand desired training outcomes, we may be able to help individuals and organizations more effectively navigate the challenges associated with increasingly dynamic and complex cross-cultural task environment in which they operate.二、汉译英翻译 Passage 1：教育的代价大学教育已成为一个利润丰厚的生意，这一事实引起了广泛关注。

2021年翻译资格《笔译实务》英译汉习题及答案（卷一）Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region. “The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,”Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall. First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,”Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,”the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer. There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the UniversitéBlaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,”Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,”he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,”Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.健康是促进人的全面发展的必要求。

北外英语翻译资格证书考试试题（一）初级笔译考试时间：180分钟Part 1Translation from English into Chinese 1 hour 30 minutesRead the following two passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write you answers on this paper.You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.Passage 1Head injuriesAlice was a B-plus student through her first three years at college. During the winter holidays in her senior year, while she was driving during a storm, her car ran off the road and hit a tree. Alice banged her head on the steering wheel but never lost consciousness. She was treated for bruises and discharged from the hospital within a day.But, back at her studies, she began to have difficulties. Suddenly her As and Bs were becoming Cs. She had trouble remembering what she’d read and was irritable and easily distracted.Alice was referred to a neuropsychologist for further examination. Although her IQ hadn’t changed and standard neurological tests w ere normal, detailed neuropsychological tests showed she was having memory problems. She could still process new information, but it took longer than before and she became “overloaded”if she tried to do too much at once.Head injuries are often fatal, or of sufficient severity to require the hospitalization of victims. But there is a large group of people who sustain head injuries which can go undetected through ordinary medical examination. These are the people who seemingly recover from their injuries but still suffer subtle intellectual and behavioural effects that may seriously impair their ability to work and interact normally with other people. They are the victims of what experts call a “silent epidemic”. Some never lost consciousness and others never even suffered a direct blow to the head, yet brain damage occurred.Passage 2My fight against junk e-mailFiltering junk e-mail can be a tricky game of cat and mouse, as I learned when I set out to purge my In Box.I received an e-ma il the other day that gave me a moment’s pause. “Hey cutie, how are you??” It began. “I’m so sorry about last night, click here for a SUPRIXE to make you feel better.” I was suspicious for three reasons: my girlfriend never misspells like that, we had not had a row the previous night, and I was pretty sure she had not suddenly acquired an Australian e-mail address. At least one part of the message was accurate: if she ever pointed me to a website as sexy as that one, I’d be very surprised indeed.The cutie incident represented a setback in my war against junk e-mail. I used to get hundreds of these things a day, and some months ago, I vowed to rid my In Box permanently of every last one. What I soon learned was that most e-mail software can’t eradicate t he junk without throwing babies with the bath water.Microsoft outlook, for example, can trash any mail not sent directly to your address. But that ends up junking a lot of useful stuff such as discussions on my journalism, school alumni e-mail list. AOL can turn away mail from anyone not flagged as a friend, but part of my job is to accept correspondence from strangers-like you, dear reader.Part 2Translation from Chinese into English 1 hour 30 minutesRead the following two passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write you answers on this paper.You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.Passage 1我为乘客服务有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：”您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。

北外英语翻译xx考试XX年试题（四）北外英语翻译资格证书考试xx年试题（四） ___：xx-05-13 （四）中级口译考试时间：30分钟Part 1 English into Chinese[//表示停顿]International Cooperation Against Transnational Organized CrimeOrganized crime groups pose challenges as never before to societies everywhere. Whether involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, people smuggling or outright terrorism they operate in a sophisticated way without regard to national frontiers. The profits of crime are vast. The International Moary Fund has stated that he aggregate size of money laundering in the world could be somewhere between two and five per cent of the world’s gross domestic product.Putting a dollar figure on that, it is estimated that money laundering activity could now involve as much as 1.5trillion US dollars a year, and it seems likely that half of that figure is attributable to the proceeds of drug trafficking.//Given that profits of this scale can be made, the temptations for people at all levels to get involved are manifest, and we must clearly understand and beak down the vicious cycle that exists between money laundering)and corruption: corruption has to be well funded to, sueed in its object of corrupting public officials and others, and that is being achieved all too often by the use of illicit assets.The manner in which we respond to this problem is not only a test of our concern for a safer world, but a measure of our determination to create a decent future for coning generations.//In the wake of the events of 11 September xx, a war against terrorism is being pursued on various fronts. This includes a direct assault on money laundering, which is now recognized, more so than ever before, as an insidious crime which is all pervasive. It threatens the stability of our societies. It undermines our financial institutions. It challenges our national security.As a transnational crime, money laundering can only be bated through close cooperation among national authorities efforts by states acting alone to attack the economic power of criminal groups will not sueed if other states do not take plementary action. In the absence of a coordinated and effective international framework, all too often non-participating countries offer criminals safe havens for laundering funds.//And as patterns of crime develop and bee mere sophisticated and profitable, we in law enforcement must be adequately resourced, fully trained, and efficiently deployed We must prosecute the organized criminals, size their assets, and disrupt their operations. The fight against moneylaundering will be a protracted and plex process, and we must be prepaid to play a long game. Our societies expect no less of us.For when we fight money laundering, we fight organized crime. When we fight money laundering, we keep drugs out playgrounds and away from our kids. We keep weapons out of the hands of terrorists. We protect small business. And we safeguard the human dignity of women and childrentrafficked into forced labor and prostitution. When we stop criminals from enjoying the of their illicit activity, we serve the cause of freedom and justice. For law enforcement, there is no higher calling.//Part 2 Chinese into English信息革命当前，以信息技术为代表的高新技术发展日新月异，信息技术与信息产业正在有力地推动着经济全球化的进程，并由此产生了新的经济模式，催生了一些新的产业，加速了世界性的产业结构、产品结构的调整，对全球 ___活动产生了难以估量的影响。

2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【解析】本句主干为Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation。

句首by the date of his birth，考查代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。

under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为定语，修饰the creation。

【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下，这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式。

47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【解析】本句的主干为：no boy could be ignorant that...，意思为：没有人会不了解...，可以翻译成：人都了解...。

EBITA：税息折旧及摊销前利润（earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization）OECD countries：经济合作及发展组织国家(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)MACK DADDY：万人迷FORENSIC medicine：法医学Telepresence：远程监控，远地视在，网络网真；远程呈现UNDP：联合国开发计划署(United Nations Development Programme)Extradition treaty：引渡条约bailout loan：救济融资；拯救性贷款；救济融资大部制：Giant department小产权房：houses with limited property rights经济适用男：budget husband; economical-and-applicable man土豪：local bully；local tyrant；local lord乳清蛋白：whey protein；lactalbumin土地承载力：land carrying capacity; land bearing capacity计划免疫：planned immunization ; planned immunity石油输出国组织：OPEC（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）二，英汉两篇翻译第一篇是南北发展的一个现状什么的第二个是讲18大报告的一些内容汉英第一篇是有很多专业名词，科技园区类型的一些东西，很长，翻译了好长时间百科知识名词1五种元素2元白3水经注4汉书5李时珍6中亚7不动产8宝黛9IMF10WHO11WTO12百科全书派13六经14莎士比亚四大悲剧15三曹16佛教三大翻译家17三权分立18文艺复兴前三杰18最后的晚餐19三大宗教20马丁路德21文景之治22译事三难23赤字。

北京外国语大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试英语翻译理论与实践专业试题参考答案1.英译汉曝尸荒野你在城市附近的公路上见到的动物尸体大都是狗，也有少许的猫。

深入乡间，动物尸体的形状和颜色就是陌生的了。

那是些野生动物。

从车窗望去，它们残缺不全的肢体，让我们联想起土拨鼠、獾、鼬、田鼠、蛇，有时是残破到面目全非的鹿。

这景象总给人以莫名其妙的震动。

一半是突然涌来的悲悯，一半是没来由的惊讶。

见到死在大路上的动物简直就是令人震惊。

这种心灵上的伤害倒不全是因为它们死的不是地方。

不管它们死在什么地方，也不该这么触目惊心地横陈在我们面前。

你不希望看到动物陈尸在光天化日之下。

动物应该独个儿地、远远地、人不知鬼不觉地死去。

这才是它们的本性。

不该看到它们倒卧大路之上，不该看到它们死在任何地方。

万物皆有一死，但我们只觉得死是一种抽象的概念。

站在草地上、山脚下，仔细检视四周，几乎目之所接的所有东西都在死亡着，大多数东西要在你之先早早死去。

若不是你眼前一直进行着更新和取代的过程，那么，那片地方终将在你脚下变成石头和沙砾。

……动物似乎都有这样的本能：独个儿去死，在背人处死。

即使最大、最招眼的动物到时候也想法荫蔽起自己。

假如一头大象死在明处，那么，象群不会让它留在那儿。

它们会把它抬起，抬着它到处走，一直找到一个莫名其妙的适当地方再放下。

大象如遇到遗在明处的同类的骸骨，它们会有条不紊地一块块将它们捡起来，在哀思绵绵的纪念仪式中，疏散到邻近的大片荒野中。

这是自然界的奇观。

世上万物皆有死，每时每刻都在死，其数量跟每个早晨、每个春天让我们眩目的新生一样多。

但我们看到的，无非是面目全非的残肢，十月的别墅门厅里挣扎的苍蝇和公路上的残体而已。

我这一辈子一直揣着个闷葫芦：我的后院，有的是松鼠，满院都是，一年四季都在，但我从来也没在任何地方见过一只死松鼠。

2.英译汉西敏寺内的遐想每当心情沉重的时候，我总是独自一人去西敏寺教堂；那里肃穆的气氛，教堂特有的神职，庄重的建筑，在那里安息的人们的身份地位，无不给人的心里注满一种忧郁，或不妨说令人沉思，令人欣然。

北外考研翻硕试题及答案一、词汇翻译（共10分，每题1分）1. 一带一路2. 人工智能3. 可持续发展4. 供给侧结构性改革5. 共享经济答案：1. Belt and Road Initiative2. Artificial Intelligence3. Sustainable Development4. Supply-Side Structural Reform5. Sharing Economy二、句子翻译（共20分，每题4分）1. 随着全球化的深入发展，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

2. 创新是推动社会进步的关键因素。

3. 气候变化是全球面临的共同挑战。

4. 教育公平是实现社会公正的基石。

5. 科技创新是推动经济发展的重要动力。

答案：1. With the deepening of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important.2. Innovation is a key factor in driving social progress.3. Climate change is a common challenge faced by the world.4. Educational equity is the cornerstone of achieving socialjustice.5. Technological innovation is an important driving force for economic development.三、段落翻译（共40分，每题10分）1. 中国的改革开放政策极大地促进了经济的快速发展，提高了人民的生活水平，并为世界经济的增长作出了重要贡献。

2. 随着互联网技术的飞速发展，电子商务已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，极大地改变了人们的购物方式。

教育部全国翻译证书考试2001年试题（中级笔译）2001年北外英语翻译资格中级笔译试题passage 1artificial speechbecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. the primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. you will simply talk to it. the device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. but soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those it-based services you currently connect with over the internet by means of a keyboard. this will help the internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks.changes like this will encompass the whole world. because english is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. we’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.there are those in the it community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. personally, i believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. but it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to beco me highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we’re developing now. small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. most economies have both types of markets. but the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. so, compared with farmers in canada, poor farmers in bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.what limits market opportunities? the transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. and barriers to entry for new participants. what increases them? institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency.yet not all institutions promote inclusive markets. institutional designs that evolve through historical circumstances or are directed by policy makers are not necessarily the best for all of society or for economic growth and poverty reduction. for instance, state agricultural marketing boards, instead of helping farmers, have often resulted in lower incomes for them in africa. and institutions that once supported market transactions can outlive their usefulness, for example, privatization agencies and bank restructuring agencies. the challenge for policymakers is to shape institutional development in ways that enhance economic developmentPart 2 Translation from Chinese into English 2 hoursPassage 1保姆校长常常听到一些大学校长说：“我把学生当自己的儿女看待。

北外英语翻译xx考试XX年试题 (一)北外英语翻译资格证书考试xx年试题 (一) ___：xx-05-13 （一）初级笔译考试时间：180分钟Part 1Translation from English into Chinese 1 hour 30 minutes• Read the following two passages.• Translate them into Chinese.• Write you answers on this paper.• You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper..Passage 1Head injuriesAlice was a B-plus student through her first three years at college. During the winter holidays in her senior year, while she was driving during a storm, her car ran off the road and hit a tree. Alice banged her head on the steering wheel but never lost consciousness. She was treated for bruises and discharged from the hospital within a day.But, back at her studies, she began to have difficulties. Suddenly her As and Bs were being Cs. She had trouble remembering what she’d read and was irritable and easily distracted.Alice was referred to a neuropsychologist for further examination. Although her IQ hadn’t changed and standard neurological tests were normal, detailed neuropsychological tests showed she was having memory problems. She couldstill process new information, but it took longer than before and she became “overloaded” if she tried to do too much at once.Head injuries are often fatal, or of sufficient severity to require the hospitalization of victims. But there is a large group of people who sustain head injuries which can go undetected through ordinary medical examination. These are the people who seemingly recover from their injuries but still suffer subtle in ___ectual and behaviouraleffects that may seriously impair their ability to work and interact normally with other people. They are the victims of what experts call a “silent epidemic”. Some never lost consciousness and others never even suffered a direct blow to the head, yet brain damage ourred.Passage 2My fight against junk e-mailFiltering junk e-mail can be a tricky game of cat and mouse, as I learned when I set out to purge my In Box.I received an e-mail the other day that gave me a moment’s pause. “Hey cutie, how are you??” It began. “I’m sosorry about last night, click here for a SUPRIXE to make you feel better.” I was suspicious for three reasons: my girlfriend never misspells like that, we had not had a row the previous night, and I was pretty sure she had not suddenly acquired an Australian e-mail address. At least one part of the message was aurate: if she ever pointed me to a website as sexy as that one, I’d be very surprised indeed.The cutie incident represented a setback in my war against junk e-mail. I used to get hundreds of these things a day, and some months ago, I vowed to rid my In Box permanently of every last one. What I soon learned was that most e-mail software can’t eradicate the junk without throwing babies with the bath water.Microsoft outlook, for example, can trash any mail not sent directly to your address. But that ends up junking a lot of useful stuff such as discussions on my journalism, school alumni e-mail list. AOL can turn away mail from anyone not flagged as a friend, but part of my job is to aept correspondence from strangers-like you, dear reader.Part 2Translation from Chinese into English 1 hour 30 minutes• Read the following two passages.• Translate them into Chinese.• Write you answers on this paper.• You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.Passage 1我为乘客服务有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。

2021考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案解析Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)World war was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.(47)And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s.The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth:(48)in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s. Second growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake/ For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years,(49)and when the new staff predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty. And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chiefsocializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution-this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s,European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.46.【题干】Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.【答案】战争结束后，一些社会随之出现了。

北外⽹院英语翻译1第⼀次作业及答案Understanding of Theories（1）The following five statements are understandings of some translatio n theories you are familiar with. Decide whether those statements a re true or false by writing “T” for true, and “F” for false on your A nswer Sheet.______1.Understanding the designative and associative meanings of the text involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the syntactic relations, but also being sensitive to all the nuances of the stylistic devices.______2.Knowing two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted with the respective cultures.______3.Sometimes translating doesn’t involve paraphrase, because one can successfully translate word for word and structure for structure.______4.Nida believes that in translation, one should try to achieve the equivalence in content rather than in words and grammar.______5.What is important in translation is the semantic legitimacy of t he paraphrase.答案：1.T （1/8/4/1）2.T （1/8/5/1）3. F （1/7/6/1）4.T （1/7/4/1）5.T （1/7/6/5）Translation of Phrases (Multiple choices)（1）Choose a better version of Chinese translation for e ach of the follo wing phrases. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.to arouse the tiger in one’s natureA.遇到了某⼈的劲敌B.激起某⼈凶残的本性2.the heavy seaA.深海B.波涛汹涌的海洋3. a rosy viewA.怀疑的眼光B.乐观的看法4.to join the tablesA.参加赌博B.共同进餐5. a troublesome woman with her nose in everythingA.贪吃的讨厌⼥⼈B.什么都要打听的讨厌⼥⼈答案：1. B2. B3. B4. A5.BTranslation of Phrases (Phrase translation)（1）Translate the following phrases and write your answers on the Ans wer Sheet.1.be in the blaze of publicity ____________________2.to be all on edge before the exam ____________________3. a film in color ____________________4.be in the spring of life ____________________5. the livestock idustry____________________答案：1.在公众瞩⽬之下2.考前⼗分紧张3.彩⾊影⽚4.青春年华5.畜牧业Translation of Sentences1）Translate the following sentences using the translation skills and te chniques you have learned from the study of Unit 2. Write your ans wers on the Answer Sheet.1.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a numberof the old generations back 36 years ago.____________________________________________________________ 2.If your tooth hurts badly, take an aspirin or two.____________________________________________________________ 3.This land, which once barred the way of weary travelers, now has become a land for winter and summer vacations.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.It is our task to build up a nuclear power station somewhere by the end of this year.____________________________________________________________ 5. The United States spends about five percentof its gross national producton defense.____________________________________________________________1.难怪⽼⼀辈的许多⼈见了这件东西，就会回想起三⼗六年前的往事。

2021年北京市北外附属外国语学校高三英语第一次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOur Teen Summer Spanish Program is two weeks of fun, educational excitement that helps students learn Spanish fast. Our Spanish summer program allows our students to learn from highly trained, certified teachers and be absorbed in the language and theculture of Costa Rica.Features include:* Intensive(强化的) daily Spanish classes* Extracurricular classes in dance, cooking, music, and handiwork* Outdoor activities including hiking, camping, rafting, and ziplining(高空滑索)* Homestay with a local Costa Rican family* Volunteer work in needy neighborhoodsOur Teaching Methods:We are proud to use TPRS---Total Physical Response Storytelling---in our curriculum. This innovative method uses strange and amusing stories to teach new vocabulary, increase fluency, and get students involved by giving them the opportunity to alter the details themselves. Because of the silliness, creativity, and repetition involved, TPRS allows students to learn easily and remember information effortlesslyMemorizing vocabulary and listening to lectures on grammar are slow, inefficient ways to learn a new language. The best way to truly learn and commit new material to memory is through conversation. In our Spanish classes, students can expect to speak up to 80% of each class. By speaking in the new language freely and consistently, students can see progress faster because they are using the new grammar and vocabulary that they have learned at the same time. This helps the brain remember the new words and grammar structures for future use, making it much easier to progress.1.What does the program do?A.It offers weekly Spanish classesB.It focuses more on outdoor activitiesC.It gives teachers a chance to receive trainingD.It provides activities about the Spanish culture2.What is the best way to learn a language according to the text?A.Memorizing a larger vocabularyB.Speaking more in the new language.C.Mastering more grammar structuresD.Writing stories to share with others3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To employexperienced Spanish teacherB.To hire foreign volunteers for a programC.To attract teen foreigners to a programD.To introduce language learning methodsB“Snowplow(扫雪机) parenting” is the newest parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, calling their college kids to wake them up so that they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.“‘Helicopter (直升机) parenting’ means monitoring their kids’ every activity,which is out of date.” Claire Cain Miller and Jonah Engel Bromwich wrote in The New York Times. “Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: clearing any problems in their children’s path to success so that they don’t have to meet failure or lose opportunities.”There is a mother who started a charity in her son’s name to try to raise his chances of being accepted to the college. Another parents spent years helping their daughter avoid foods with sauce, which she didn’t like. Once she got to college, she had problems with the food in her school because it was all covered in sauce.A survey says that three-quarters of parents of children between the ages of 18 and 28 ask for doctor visits or haircuts for their children, and 11% say they would call their kids’ bosses whether their children are having an issue at work.As reported, wealthy parents try to get their children into top colleges by giving a large amount of money to a school, such as paying for a building. This parenting has become the most popular way to raise children, whatever the income, education, or race is.Julie, a teacher at Stanford, told the Times that “snowplow parenting” is not a reasonable approach. “The parents should prepare the kid for the road, instead of preparing the road for the kid,” she said.4. How does Julie like “snowplow parenting”?A. It is unreasonable.B. It is advanced.C. It is accepted by teachers.D. It is refused by rich people.5. What is the character of “helicopter parenting”?A. Parents make kids popular.B. Parents provide little money for kids.C. Parents ask kids to care for themselves.D. Parents watch over kids’ every activity.6. What should parents do according to Julie?A. Do as wealthy parents do.B. Make kids be prepared.C. Make roads be prepared.D. Do as little as possible.7. What’s the best title for the text?A. Helicopter Parenting.B. The Similarity in Parenting.C. A Research on Parenting.D. A New Kind of Parenting.CI was so worried about handing my little boy over during his first week of school, but you made it easier. You smiled at him like a mother would at her own child.You showed warmth and your hugs were always on offer.After a day in class with you, Charlie would come home singing. Whenever I hear Do Your Ears Hang Low or see him stretching to the sky when singing about the days of the week, I will think of you.I didn't tell you at the time, but I loved your morning song so much that Iimplementedit in my own class (I'm a teacher, too).When you saw I was troubled, you hugged me with your smile and I knew everything would be OK. You made parents feel as cared for as our children.In the short time I knew you; you taught me about the type of teacher I desire to be. You never seemed disturbed by the mountain of paperwork or impossible work-life balance that comes with the role. Instead, you appeared to embrace every minute.I can't understand why you've been taken from us. Telling Charlie was one of the hardest things I've had to do.I'm not sure he fully understands, but he told me he loved you and has been asking whether your"robot powers"will work in heaven.A friend once told me white feathers are angels telling us that loved ones in heaven are well. On the first day collecting the children without you，a white feather floated through the sleet (雨夹雪). Watching the younger ones bounce and gigle as they tried to catch it was beautiful.I wish I had told you all of this when you were with us.I hope that you knew how you brought happiness to everyone you met and how loved you were. Goodbye, Dear Friend.8. What does the underlined word "implemented" in Paragraph l probably mean?A. Looked back on.B. Looked forward to.C. Thought highly of.D. Made use of.9. What can we learn from the passage about parents?A. They need to sing songs before children.B. They need to feel the affection as well.C. They find it hard to handle their kids.D. They find it necessary to hug the teachers.10. The writer mentioned "white feather" in Paragraph 4 mainly to ______.rm us of the loved one's deathB. remind us it's time for a snowball fightC. tell us the teacher stays in our mind after deathD. warn us of the falling snow when collecting children11. What's the writer's main purpose in writing this article?A. To make a remark on Charlie's teacher.B.To say goodbye to her fellow teacher.C. To take pity on her fellow teacher.D. To recall and show respect for Charlie's teacher.DMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percentlower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.12. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous13. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition14. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.15. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chilies第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年北京市北外附属外国语学校高三英语月考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APeople in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands. Personal utensils (餐具) were mostly unheard of, especially forks. There were spoons to help serve, but only special guests would receive a knife from the host. Everyone else would be expected to bring their own. Of course, eating with one's hands can be quite a sticky situation, so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.Still, dining was often a messy affair. At special occasions in the wealthiest households, women tended to dine alone, separate from the men. Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace. Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help! Once the men and women had finished their meals, they would come together to socialize.Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness. The lightest and most easily digested foods, such as fruits and cheeses, were eaten first to help the digestive (消化) system get started. Once digestion was underway, greens and light meats, such as lettuce, cabbage and chicken, could be eaten. Last came the heavier vegetables and meats, such as carrots, beans, beef, pork, and mutton. This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.The main and largest meal of the day was supper, and it was eaten at midday. Dinner was a light meal, and many of those in nobility (贵族) -the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether. Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work. Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way. Commoners, or the working class, were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.1. What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table?A. They cleaned hands before meals.B. They used personal utensils.C. They had to use knives at dinner.D. They ate mostly with hands.2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The order of eating foods.B. The weight of various foods.C. The principles of digesting foods.D. The list of healthy foods.3. Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast?A. Breakfast was wasted for the nobility.B. Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary.C. Breakfast was considered as a light meal.D. Breakfast was saved for commoners.BOn September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born inBeijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English,geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside ofHunanin 1953.With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hitChinain the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate inHunanwas not friendly to growing wheat. He decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg permuin two growing seasons, a new world record.Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half ofChina's rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production inChina. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds , the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic,China's highest honor.Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including theUSA,BrazilandIndia.4. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text?A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.B. He received the highest honor inChinaat 90.C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation.D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.5. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice?A. By listing figures.B. By quoting reports.C. By imagining results.D. By explaining reasons.6. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text?A. Patient and honest.B. Energetic and athletic.C. Capable and remarkable.D. Humorous and adventurous.7. What is the text mainly about?A. The life of Yuan Longping.B. The team of Yuan Longping.C. The honor of Yuan Longping.D. The education of Yuan Longping.C“They’re harming your brain.” “They’re ruining your eyes.” “They’re turning you into a violent person.” The words said publicly against video games are so common, but are these worries founded on actual science? Countless studies have offered different opinions on whether video games are bad for you. We’ve rounded up the most notable reports and studies below, so you can weigh up the evidence for yourself.In 2013,psychologist(心理学家) Simone Kuhn studied the influences of spending long hours on video games on the brains of young adults and found that several areas became bigger than before. These areas are connected with highercognitive functions(认知功能), memory formation andfinemotor(精细运动) function.Last year, psychologists said that video game players who favour violent games are more likely to be violent when offline. Dr. Mark Appelbaum of the American Psychological Association said that there was a relation between violent video game use and increases in violent behaviour.Dr. Daphne Bavelier is an expert in the field of Brain & Cognitive Sciences. Bavelier presented the audience with a colour-word test, where non-gamers are easily puzzled by the test, and those who spend long periods playing on their computers are more likely to pass the test with flying colours.“Actually, those video game players have many other advantages in terms of attention,” said Bavelier, “and one part of attention which is also improved for the better is our ability to follow the movements of objects.”“So, in a sense, when we think about the influence of video games on the brain, it’s very similar to the influence of wine on the health. There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some very poor uses of videogames. But when drunk in reasonable amounts, and at the right age, wine can be very good for health,” said Bavelier.8. What can be learned from Simone Kuhn’s study？A. Video games make you happier.B. Video games make your brain grow.C. Video games play a key role in memory.D. Video games teach you how to learn fast.9. What was Dr. Mark Appelbaum’s attitude towards video games？A. He was against them.B. He was hopeful of them.C.He was in favour of them.D. He was uncertain about them.10. Which of the following may Dr. Daphne Bavelier agree with？A. Video games fix attention problems.B. Video games make kids do well in exams.C. Video games encourage violent behaviour.D. Video games help increase colour knowledge.11. Why are the uses of wine mentioned in the last paragraph？A. To remind people to avoid video games.B. To show the disadvantages of video games.C. To help people learn more about video games.D.To ask people to make good use of video games.DOne rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when ayoung woman jumped on. She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn’t sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open seats, but they weren’t together. She wasflusteredand looked embarrassed.Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved so that the mother and child could sit together. The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman’s mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: “I’ve been there”.Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why? Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. We forget that, as we forge (前进) through life, focused onour owntroubles and needs—which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself: “Where am I holding back?One thing I know for sure is this: Healing others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy, who took a new friend who had suffered a miscarriage under her wing. Tracy had three of them before having her daughter two years ago. Our intellect needs a doctor to explain the medical side of things, yes. But our souls need human connection to help us along. No one can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone’s uncomfortable—because we’re all in this together.12. The underlined word “flustered” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. angryB. anxiousC.scaredD. upset13. What does the woman mean by saying “ I’ve been there”in the third paragraph？A. The woman was on the bus and saw what had happened to the boy.B. The woman got to her destination and was ready to get off the bus.C. The woman once had the similar experience with that mother.D. The woman took the exact seat that the boy was on just now.14. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Everyone has his or her own unique problem that is difficult to solve.B. Doctors can help us get through when we have mental or physical problems.C. The author’s friend Tracy felt better after she was comforted by her new friend.D. One can indeed make a difference to those in need of help by doing simple things.15. The passage isintended to _______.A. show a harmonious world by telling some touching storiesB. praise those who are willing to help others in emergenciesC. appeal to readers to give timely help to those in needD. illustrate some ways of helping others in detail第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届北京市北外附属外国语学校高三英语月考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AProvincetown, Cape Cod RestaurantsAfter a day on the sands or exploring our charming town, enjoy local eats, from fresh seafood and lobster to authentic Italian. You’ll find many wonderful Provincetown, Cape Cod restaurants and cafes just steps away. Fanizzi’s RestaurantRight next door to our hotel, this award-winning local eatery is one of the finest Cape Cod restaurants. The menu highlights seafood, Italian, steaks, burgers, and fresh salads. Enjoy the Friday Fish Fry, Early Bird Specials, and Sunday Brunch, available from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. all year long.539 Commercial Street 508-487-1964Napi’s RestaurantNapi’s serves dinner all year round and lunch from April to October. A cozy place located just off Commercial Street and overflowing with local art, this Cape Cod, Massachusetts classic specializes in everything from freshly caught seafood to Portuguese and Brazilian dishes to vegetarian items.7 Freeman Street 800-571-6274Mews RestaurantEnjoy views of Provincetown Harbor at this waterfront restaurant just steps from Surfside Hotel & Suites. Intercontinental dishes are served in the beach-level dining room, while upstairs you’ll find a casual American bistro. Summer months bring on a brunch menu, and dinner is served year-round.429 Commercial Street 508-487-1500The Red InnA favorite among our guests, The Red Inn is located on Provincetown’s picturesque waterfront which provides diners with the most gorgeous harbor views and spectacular sunsets. The Red Inn provides historic old world charm with new world pleasure. Their menu features the finest local seafood.15 Commercial Street 508-487-73341.Which restaurant offers a special breakfast for early risers?A.Fanizzi’s Restaurant.B.Napi’s Restaurant.C.Mews Restaurant.D.The Red Inn.2.What is special about The Red Inn?A.It exhibits the good local art.B.It is the finest local restaurant.C.It offers the best local seafood.D.It serves brunch all year round.3.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Accommodation.B.Life styles.C.Sightseeing.D.Dining.BIt is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It’ s not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it’ s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini(西葫芦).My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That ’ s when she decided it was time to share herblessings.She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “ Feel free to take whatever you want,”Sharontold her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn’t go to waste.A few days later,Sharonanswered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, “I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.”Sharoncouldn’t think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “Oh, but you did,” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini I’ve ever seen.”Sharonwas confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn’ t even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables,Sharonsmiled, “ Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”The neighbor looked atSharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, “I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”4. Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?A. They might be stolen by thieves.B. They might be moved away by the police.C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.5. What does the underlined word “blessings” in the second paragraph mean?A. Tomatoes.B. God’s protection.C.Helpful things.D. Best wishes.6. What did the neighbor do inSharon’s garden?A. She harvested tomatoes only.B. She harvested zucchini by accident.C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.D. She stole something withoutSharon’s permission.7. We can infer from the article that the neighbor’s bread would taste________.A. bitter but tastyB. strange and bitterC. hard and sourD. soft and sweetCA year ago I received a full scholarship to attend the University of San Francisco. All of my hard work paid off. My mom had spent a lot on my attending a private high school, so I made sure to push myself: I volunteered, took part in various clubs, and graduated with honors. I was so excited to start a new part of my life.Soon enough, the big day came, but it wasn't like what I had thought. The first two weeks were the most difficult days of my entire life. Every night I would cry myself to sleep. I was missing my family, my home and everything in my hometown so much and I didn’t know how to deal with my broken heart.To distract myself, I threw myself into my studies. I also found a ton of jobs. In any free time, I started forcing myself to go to the gym. I wanted to keep every part of my day busy so I wouldn’t think about how lonely I felt. Soon after, I began to control my eating, considering it another solution to my homesickness. But soon there was something wrong with me.Finally, I went to see a doctor. When the doctor told me I had no choice but to take time away from school, I started to fear. How could I stop? School was what I was best at. “I’m not so bad,” I thought in my head. But the result was that I was taken to hospital again a month later and my mother camewoefully. I had to take a semester off from school, and go to the treatment center near my home.If there are girls who are suffering similarly, I hope you know that there is hope and that you should have apositive attitude towards life. Though you may feel alone, there are so many people who can understand your struggle. That’s why I want to share my story.8. Why did the author push herself during high school?A. She wanted to attend the University of San Francisco.B. It cost too much to study in a private school.C. Her parents controlled much of her life.D. Her family put her under pressure,9. What can we know about the author in the first two weeks?A. She couldn't fall asleep because of pressure.B. She couldn't pay attention to her study.C. She couldn't deal with her homesickness.D. She couldn't catch up with others.10. What does the underlined word “woefully” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Sadly.B. Surprisingly.C. Curiously.D. Happily.11. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?A. To look back on her past life.B. To increase her own confidence.C. To express appreciation to her mother.D. To encourage other girls like her to be positive.DSmart speakers have proven to be handy devices in hospitals, allowing patients to control independently . And now, researchers from theUniversityofWashingtonhave developed an artificial intelligence system that enables these devices to monitor heartbeats.Using technology to remotely monitor heart rates isn't new. These days most smartwatches and fitness trackers are capable of it. The good thing here is that researchers have figured out a way to use the microphones in smart speakers to do it without requiring physical contact.In a study published inCommunications Biology, the researchers had the smart speakers send out signals that couldn't be heard which were then reflected off a person's body. They then analyzed these signals to identify small chest wall motions related to heartbeats, as well as separate those signals from surrounding noise and breathing.For this particular proof — of — concept setup, the researchers tested this smart speaker on 26 healthy participants and 24 hospitalized patients with various heart conditions, including atrial fibrillation（心房颤动）and heart failure. In both cases, the smart speaker was within 28 -30 milliseconds of an ECG（心电图）,the goldstandard used in hospitals to discover arrhythmia（心律不齐）.Like smartwatches with advanced heart features, using smart speakers in this way opens up the possibility for passive, remote heart monitoring. ECGs, while highly accurate, require a visit to the doctor and several electrodes （电极）to be placed on the body. They,re not capable of continuous monitoring so you're limited to what it picks up at that exact moment in time ——one reason why heart arrhythmia can be so hard to discover.Smartwatches are capable of passive, remote, continuous monitoring, but they require you to wear the device at all times to be effective. It's not something that's comfortable for everyone, especially when it comes to sleep and for those with highly sensitive skin. Another issue is that these advanced smartwatches are expensive, while smart speakers are much cheaper.“If you have a device like this, you can monitor a patient on an extended basis and then develop corresponding care plans that satisfy the patient' s needs,“ said Dr. Arun Sridhar, co — senior author on the study. "And the beauty of using this kind of devices is that they are already in people's homes.”12. What does the author focus on in Paragraph 3?A. How the smart speaker works.B. Why the smart speaker is useful.C. The advantages of smart speakers.D. The importance of the study.13. Why is heart arrhythmia difficult to find?A. ECGs are not highly accurate.B. ECGs can't monitor continuously.C. Doctors know little about heart arrhythmia.D. An ECG test is hard to operate and expensive.14. Which statement best explains the characteristics of smartwatches?A. They are comfortable to wear.B. They are friendly to sensitive skin.C. They are effective and cheap.D. They are able to monitor remotely.15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. We need to invent more smart devices.B. Care plans are vital to patients with heart failure.C. Smart speakers could be contactless heart monitors.D. Different devices are needed to meet patients,demands.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。