雅思阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(3-4节)【圣才出品】

雅思阅读专项模拟训练题雅思阅读专项模拟训练题没有任何力量比知识更强大，用知识武装起来的人是不可战胜的`。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的雅思阅读专项模拟训练题，希望能给大家带来帮助!Background music may seem harmless, but it canhave a powerful effect on those who hear it.Recorded background music first found its way intofactories, shop and restaurants in the US. But itsoon spread to other arts of the world. Now it isbecoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eata meal without listening to music.To begin with, "muzak" (音乐广播网) was intendedsimply to create a soothing (安慰) atmosphere.Recently, however, it's become big business—thanksin part to recent research. Dr. Ronald Milliman, anAmerican marketing expert, has shown that music can boost sales or increase factoryproduction by as much as a third.But, it has to be light music. A fast one has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increasereceipts by 38%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity tospot items they like to buy. Yet, slow music isn't always answer. liman found, for example,that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reducedoverall sales. So restaurants owners might be well advised to play up-tempo music to keepthe customers moving—unless of course, the resulting indigestion leads to complaints!练习( )1. The reason why background music is so popular is that ______.A. it can have a powerful effect on those who hear itB. it can help to create a soothing atmosphereC. it can boost sales or increase factory production everywhereD. it can make customers eat their meals quickly( )2. Background music means ________.A. light music that customers enjoy mostB. fast music that makes people move fastC. slow music that can make customers enjoy their mealsD. the music you are listening to while you are doing something( )3. Restaurant owners complain about background music because ______.A. it results in indigestionB. it increases their salesC. it keeps customers movingD. it decreases their sales( )4. The word "up-tempo music" probably means_____.A.slow musicB.fast musicC.light musicD.classical music注释：1. spread to 传到，波及，蔓延到2. to begin with 首先;第一点(理由)To begin with, we must consider the faculties of the staff all-sidedly. 首先，我们必须全面地考虑全体员工的素质。

2.3小说类（Practice26～Practice36）Practice26It is a very long time since I attended a Mass.In this pilgrimage town you get the real thing,with a crowd of real worshippers--those who come include the paralyzed,the crippled,the blind,the deformed,the dying,a terrible parade,a parade Mass proceeded.It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time,as all did,since I had voluntarily come:but for all the disapproving glances,I the stiff--necked Jew,would not kneel.I remember the first break with my own religion as though it were yesterday.I can still feel my cheek stinging from the slap of the mashiakh,the study hall supervisor,as I trudge in the snow on t he town square in the purple evening,having been ordered out of the hall for impudent heresy.Perhaps in a larger city,the mashiakh would have had the sense to smile at my effrontery,and pass it off.Then the whole course of my life might have been different.【参考译文】我已经很久没有做过弥散。

2.3　篇章盲填（Passage 71～Passage 100）Directions: In the following passage, there are several blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of theblanks the missing word.◆商业经济类Passage 73 题材：商业经济类字数：287The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform the consumer of available products or services. The second(1) is to sell the product. The second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the (2) . The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their products. They also try to persuade customers to buy the (3) by creating a desire (4) it. Because of advertisement, consumers think that they want something that they do not need. After buying something, the purchaser cannot always explain why it was (5)Even (6) the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something, the manufacturers (7) . Manufacturers have analyzed the business of (8) and buying. They know all the different motives that influence a consumer’s purchase--some rational and (9) emotional. Furthermore, they take advantage of this (10) .Why (11) so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocerystores? The store management has some good (12) . By the time the customer is (13) to pay for a purchase, he or she has already made rational, thought-out decisions (14) what he or she needs and wants to buy. The (15) feels that he or she has done a good job of choosing the items. The shopper is especially vulnerable at this point. The (16) of candy, chewing gum, and magazines are very attractive. They persuade the purchaser to buy something for emotional, not (17) motives. For example, the customer neither needs nor plans to buy candy, but while the customer is standing, waiting to pay money, he or she may suddenly decide to buy (18) This is exactly (19) the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will (20) . The customer follows his or her plan.1. purpose(根据文中第一句话的“The most obvious purpose...”可知，第一句陈述的是第一个目的，后面的sell the product是第二个目的，故答案为purpose。

第1章考研英语（一）完形填空考试指南1.1考研英语（一）大纲要求英语知识运用为全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试（非英语专业）中的第一部分（2005年以前为第二部分），考试形式为在一篇240~280词长度的文章中留20处空白，并为每处空白设置4个备选项，构成20道小题，要求考生从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案，从而使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。

20道小题每小题0.5分，共10分。

1.2考研英语（一）命题特点1．选文特点（1）题材广泛，涉及科普、历史、经济、文化、教育、社会等多个领域。

最近几年来，科普类文章出现频繁。

无论哪个领域，其所选文章大多不涉及太深的专业知识，而是与现实生活密切相关，因此考生不必担心因不了解背景知识而失分。

（2）体裁多为议论文，有时也出现说明文，语言平实，结构严谨，逻辑明确，多以总—分或总—分—总的结构出现。

历年真题总结：2001年司法与媒体社会现象类议论文2002年信息技术科普类说明文2003年青春期心智教育类议论文2004年青少年犯罪社会现象类议论文2005年人类嗅觉科普类说明文2006年街头流浪社会现象类议论文2007年西班牙/葡萄牙殖民地历史类议论文2008年高智商与遗传性疾病科普类说明文2009年高智商的代价科普类议论文2010年霍索恩效应科普类说明文2011年笑对身体的影响科普类说明文2012年美国最高法院与政治间的关系政治法律类议论文2013年人通常会受小环境的影响科普类说明文2014年人类大脑记忆减退及预防措施科普类说明文2015年DNA友谊科普类说明文2016年柬埔寨的婚姻习俗社会文化类说明文2017年拥抱有益健康科普类议论文2．考点设置规律与范围英语知识运用部分在文章中设置的考题归纳起来考查以下三方面内容：词汇、语法、逻辑。

其中词汇题在20道题中占有最高比例，一般会出现12~15道，语法题和逻辑题共占5~8道。

（1）词汇题词汇在这里分为两个级别，分别是单词和词组。

剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test3)为了帮助大家更好地备考雅思阅读，下面小编给大家分享剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test3)，希望对你们有用。

剑桥雅思阅读4原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth‘I am from a large, poor family and for many years we have done without breakfast. Ever since I joined the Street Kids International program I have been able to buy my family sugar and buns for breakfast. I have also bought myself decent second-hand clothes and shoes.’Doreen Soko‘We’ve had business experience. Now I’m confident to expand what we’ve been doing. I’ve learnt cash management, and the way of keeping money so we save for re-investment. Now business is a part of our lives. As well, we didn’t know each other before —now we’ve made new friends.’Fan KaomaParticipants in the Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative Program, ZambiaIntroductionAlthough small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such opportunities to young people. Even less attention has been paid to children living on the street or in difficult circumstances.Over the past nine years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) hasbeen working with partner organisations in Africa, Latin America and India to support the economic lives of street children. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the lessons S.K.I. and our partners have learned.BackgroundTypically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, urban crime, and abuse.Children who work on the streets are generally involved in unskilled, labour-intensive tasks which require long hours, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal trading. Some may also earn income through begging, or through theft and other illegal activities. At the same time, there are street children who take pride in supporting themselves and their families and who often enjoy their work. Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activities such as education and domestic tasks.Street Business PartnershipsS.K.I. has worked with partner organisations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative opportunities for street children to earn income.The S.K.I. Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, whichthey used to deliver parcels and messages, and which they were required to pay for gradually from their wages. A similar program was taken up in Bangalore, India.Another successful project, The Shoe Shine Collective, was a partnership program with the Y.W.C.A. in the Dominican Republic. In this project, participants were lent money to purchase shoe shine boxes. They were also given a safe place to store their equipment, and facilities for individual savings plans.The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society and the Y.W.C.A. Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit.Lessons learnedThe following lessons have emerged from the programs that S.K.I. and partner organisations have created.Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child. Ideally, potential participants will have been involved in the organisation’s programs for at least six months, and trust and relationship-building will have already been established.The involvement of the participants has been essential to the development of relevant programs. When children have had a major role in determining procedures, they are more likely to abide by and enforce them.It is critical for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills.There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program, where such relationships exist. Home visits allow staff the opportunity to know where the participants live, and to understand more about each individual’s situation.Small loans are provided initially for purchasing fixed assetssuch as bicycles, shoe shine kits and basic building materials for a market stall. As the entrepreneurs gain experience, the enterprises can be gradually expanded and consideration can be given to increasing loan amounts. The loan amounts in S.K.I. programs have generally ranged from US$30-$100.All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the entrepreneurs used to the concept of paying interest on borrowed money. Generally the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates).ConclusionThere is a need to recognise the importance of access to credit for impoverished young people seeking to fulfil economic needs. The provision of small loans to support the entrepreneurial dreams and ambitions of youth can be an effective means to help them change their lives. However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.Questions 1-4Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 The quotations in the box at the beginning of the articleA exemplify the effects of S.K.I.B explain why S.K.I. was set up.C outline the problems of street children.D highlight the benefits to society of S.K.I.2 The main purpose of S.K.I. is toA draw the attention of governments to the problem of street children.B provide school and social support for street children.C encourage the public to give money to street children.D give business training and loans to street children.3 Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a reason why children end up living on the streets?A unemploymentB warC povertyD crime4 In order to become more independent, street children mayA reject paid employment.B leave their families.C set up their own businesses.D employ other children.Questions 5-8Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.Country Organisations Involved Type of Project Support Provided5………………and………………S.K.I courier service ? provision of 6………………………Dominican Republic ? S.K.IY.W.C.A 7………………… ? loansstorage facilitiessavings plansZambia ? S.K.I.The Red CrossY.W.C.A. setting up small businesses ? business training8…………trainingaccess to creditQuestions 9-12Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the wirterNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this9 Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support.10 In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.11 Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.12 The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.Question 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answer in box 13 on your answer sheet.The writers conclude that money should only be lent to street childrenA as part of a wider program of aid.B for programs that are not too ambitious.C when programs are supported by local businesses.D if the projects planned are realistic and useful.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-27Reading Passage 2 has four sections A-D.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsI Causes of volcanic eruptionIi Efforts to predict volcanic eruptionIii Volcanoes and the features of our planetIv Different types of volcanic eruptionV International relief effortsVi The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions14 Section A15 Section B16 Section C17 Section DVolcanoes-earth-shattering newsWhen Mount Pinatubo suddenly erupted on 9 June 1991, the power of volcanoes past and present again hit the headlinesA Volcanoes are the ultimate earth-moving machinery. A violent eruption can blow the top few kilometres off a mountain, scatter fine ash practically all over the globe and hurl rock fragments into the stratosphere to darken the skies a continent away.But the classic eruption — cone-shaped mountain, big bang, mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava — is only a tiny part of a global story. Vulcanism, the name given to volcanic processes, really has shaped the world. Eruptions have rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed islands and shaped the topography of the earth. The entire ocean floor has abasement of volcanic basalt.Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world’s first stable atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps. There are now about 600 active volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometres of rock to the continents. Imagine a similar number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the continental crust.What comes out of volcanic craters is mostly gas. More than 90% of this gas is water vapour from the deep earth: enough to explain, over 3,500 million years, the water in the oceans. The rest of the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, methane, ammonia and hydrogen. The quantity of these gases, again multiplied over 3,500 million years, is enough to explain the mass of the world’s atmosphere. We are alive because volcanoes provided the soil, air and water we need.B Geologists consider the earth as having a molten core, surrounded by a semi-molten mantle and a brittle, outer skin. It helps to think of a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy white and a hard shell. If the shell is even slightly cracked during boiling, the white material bubbles out and sets like a tiny mountain chain over the crack — like an archipelago of volcanic islands such as the Hawaiian Islands. But the earth is so much bigger and the mantle below is so much hotter.Even though the mantle rocks are kept solid by overlying pressure, they can still slowly ‘flow’ like thick treacle. The flow, thought to be in the form of convection currents, is powerful enough to fracture the ‘eggshell’ of the crust into plates, and keep them bumping and grinding against each other, or even overlapping, at the rate of a few centimetres a year. Thesefracture zones, where the collisions occur, are where earthquakes happen. And, very often, volcanoes.C These zones are lines of weakness, or hot spots. Every eruption is different, but put at its simplest, where there are weaknesses, rocks deep in the mantle, heated to 1,350℃, will start to expand and rise. As they do so, the pressure drops, and they expand and become liquid and rise more swiftly.Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma — molten rock from the mantle — inch towards the surface, cooling slowly, to show through as granite extrusions (as on Skye, or the Great Whin Sill, the lava dyke squeezed out like toothpaste that carries part of Hadrian’s Wall in no rthern England). Sometimes — as in Northern Ireland, Wales and the Karoo in South Africa —the magma rose faster, and then flowed out horizontally on to the surface in vast thick sheets. In the Deccan plateau in western India, there are more than two million cubic kilometres of lava, some of it 2,400 metres thick, formed over 500,000 years of slurping eruption.Sometimes the magma moves very swiftly indeed. It does not have time to cool as it surges upwards. The gases trapped inside the boiling rock expand suddenly, the lava glows with heat, it begins to froth, and it explodes with tremendous force. Then the slightly cooler lava following it begins to flow over the lip of the crater. It happens on Mars, it happened on the moon, it even happens on some of the moons of Jupiter and Uranus. By studying the evidence, vulcanologists can read the force of the great blasts of the past. Is the pumice light and full of holes? The explosion was tremendous. Are the rocks heavy, with huge crystalline basalt shapes, like t he Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland? It was a slow, gentle eruption.The biggest eruptions are deep on the mid-ocean floor, where new lava is forcing the continents apart and widening the Atlantic by perhaps five centimetres a year. Look at maps of volcanoes, earthquakes and island chains like the Philippines and Japan, and you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates —the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle. The most dramatic of these is the Pacific ‘ring of fire’ wh ere there have been the most violent explosions —Mount Pinatubo near Manila, Mount St Helen’s in the Rockies and El Chichón in Mexico about a decade ago, not to mention world-shaking blasts like Krakatoa in the Sunda Straits in 1883.D But volcanoes are not very predictable. That is because geological time is not like human time. During quiet periods, volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge, hard, stable plug which blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible. In the case of Mount Pinatubo, this took 600 years.Then, sometimes, with only a small warning, the mountain blows its top. It did this at Mon t Pelée in Martinique at 7.49 a.m. on 8 May, 1902. Of a town of 28,000, only two people survived. In 1815, a sudden blast removed the top 1,280 metres of Mount Tambora in Indonesia. The eruption was so fierce that dust thrown into the stratosphere darkened the skies, cancelling the following summer in Europe and North America. Thousands starved as the harvests failed, after snow in June and frosts in August. Volcanoes are potentially world news, especially the quiet ones.Questions 18-21Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet.18 What are the sections of the earth’s crust, often associated with volcanic activity, called?19 What is the name given to molten rock from the mantle?20 What is the earthquake zone on the Pacific Ocean called?21 For how many years did Mount Pinatubo remain inactive?Questions 22-26Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.Volcanic eruptions have shaped the earth’s land surface. They may also have produced the world’s atmosphere and 22…… . Eruptions occur when molten rocks from the earth’s mantle rise and expand. When they become liquid, they move quickly through cracks in the surface. There are different types of eruption. Sometimes the 23……. moves slowly and forms outcrops of granite on the earth’s surface. When it moves more quickly it may flow out in thick horizontal sheets. Examples of this type of eruption can be found in Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa and 24…… . A third type of eruption occurs when the lava emerges very quickly and 25…… violently. This happens because the magma moves so suddenly that 26…… are emitted.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 belowObtaining Linguistic DataA Many procedures are available for obtaining data about alanguage. They range from a carefully planned, intensive field investigation in a foreign country to a casual introspection about one’s mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home.B In all cases, someone has to act as a source of language data — an informant. Informants are (ideally) native speakers of a language, who provide utterances for analysis and other kinds of information about the language (e.g. translations, comments about correctness, or judgements on usage). Often, when studying their mother tongue, linguists act as their own informants, judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. The convenience of this approach makes it widely used, and it is considered the norm in the generative approach to linguistics. But a lin guist’s personal judgements are often uncertain, or disagree with the judgements of other linguists, at which point recourse is needed to more objective methods of enquiry, using non-linguists as informants. The latter procedure is unavoidable when working on foreign languages, or child speech.C Many factors must be considered when selecting informants —whether one is working with single speakers (a common situation when languages have not been described before), two people interacting, small groups or large-scale samples. Age, sex, social background and other aspects of identity are important, as these factors are known to influence the kind of language used. The topic of conversation and the characteristics of the social setting (e.g. the level of formality) are also highly relevant, as are the personal qualities of the informants (e.g. their fluency and consistency). For larger studies, scrupulous attention has been paid to the sampling theory employed, and in all cases, decisions have to be made about thebest investigative techniques to use.D Today, researchers often tape-record informants. This enables the linguist’s claims about the language to be checked, and provides a way of making those claims more accurate (‘difficult’ pieces of speech can be li stened to repeatedly). But obtaining naturalistic, good-quality data is never easy. People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. A variety of tape-recording procedures have thus been devised to minimise the ‘observer’s paradox’ (how to observe the way people behave when they are not being observed). Some recordings are made without the speakers being aware of the fact — a procedure that obtains very natural data, though ethical objections must be anticipated. Alternatively, attempts can be made to make the speaker forget about the recording, such as keeping the tape recorder out of sight, or using radio microphones. A useful technique is to introduce a topic that quickly involves the speaker, and stimulates a natural language style (e.g. asking older informants about how times have changed in their locality).E An audio tape recording does not solve all the linguist’s problems, however. Speech is often unclear and ambiguous. Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’s written comments on the non-verbal behaviour of the participants, and about the context in general.A facial expression, for example, can dramatically alter the meaning of what is said. Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent, but even they have limitations (the camera cannot be everywhere), and transcriptions always benefit from any additional commentary provided by an observer.F Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, inwhich they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviours. With a bilingual informant, or through use of an interpreter, it is possible to use translation techniques (‘How do you say table in your language?’). A large number of points can be covered in a short time, using interview worksheets and questionnaires. Often, the researcher wishes to obtain information about just a single variable, in which case a restricted set of questions may be used: a particular feature of pronunciation, for example, can be elicited by asking the informant to say a restricted set of words. There are also several direct methods of elicitation, such as asking informants to fill in the blanks in a substitution frame (e.g. I___ see a car), or feeding them the wrong stimulus for correction (‘Is it possible to say I no can see?’).G A representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplementedby data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.Questions 27-31Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs labeled A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 the effect of recording on the way people talk28 the importance of taking notes on body language29 the fact that language is influenced by social situation30 how informants can be helped to be less self-conscious31 various methods that can be used to generate specific dataQuestions 32-36Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.METHODS OF OBTAINING LINGUISTIC DATA ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES32……as informant convenient method of enquiry not objective enoughNon-linguist as informant necessary with 33…… and child speech the number of factors to be consideredRecording an informant allows linguists’ claims to be checked 34……of soundVideoing an informant allows speakers’ 35…… to be observed 36……might mi ss certain thingsQuestions 37-40Complete the summary of paragraph G below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37…… . Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38…… . The length of time the process takes will affect the 39…… of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40…… of those who speak the language concerned.剑桥雅思阅读4原文参考译文(test3)Passage1参考译文Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth流浪儿童的小型企业贷款‘I am from a large, poor family and for many years we have done without breakfast. Ever since I joined the Street Kids International program I have been able to buy my family sugar and buns for breakfast. I have also bought myself decent second-hand clothes and shoes.’Doreen Soko“我来自一个贫困的大家庭。

2.2　篇章选词填空（Passage 51～Passage 70）Directions:Choose one appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the blanks in the passage below. Change the word form wherenecessary. Remember the list contains some extra words that may notbe used in filling in any of the blanks.◆文学传记类The only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He prayed (1) for God to rescue him, and every day he scanned the (2) for help, but none seemed approaching.Exhausted, he (3) managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few (4) . But then one day, after searching for food, he arrived home to find his little hut in (5) , the smoke rolling up to the sky.The worst had happened；everything was lost.He was stunned with (6) and anger. “God, how could you do this to me!” he cried.Early the next day, however, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that wasapproaching the island. It had come to rescue him. “How did you know I was here?” asked the (7) man of his rescuers. “We saw your smoke signal,” they replied.It is easy to get (8) when things are going bad.But we shouldn’t lose heart, because God is at work in our lives, even in the midst of pain and suffering. Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be a smoke signal that (9) the grace of God.For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves. God has a(10)answer for it.1. earnestly(该处应填入副词修饰动词prayed。

评估类68. Following several years of declining advertising sales, the Greenville Timesreorganized its advertising sales force. Before reorganization, the sales force was organized geographically, with some sales representatives concentrating on city- center businesses and others concentrating on different outlying regions.The reorganization attempted to increase the sales representatives’ knowledge of clients’ busines ses by having each sales representative deal with only one type of industry or of retailing. After the reorganization, revenue from advertising sales increased.In assessing whether the improvement in advertising sales can properly be attributed to the reorganization, it would be most helpful to find out which of the following?(A) What proportion of the total revenue of the Greenville Times is generated byadvertising sales?(B) Has the circulation of the Greenville Times increased substantially in the lasttwo years?(C) Among all the types of industry and retailing that use the Greenville Times asan advertising vehicle, which type accounts for the largest proportion of the newspaper’s advertising sales?(D) Do any clients of the sales representatives of the Greenville Times have astanding order with the Times for a fixed amount of advertising per month?(E) Among the advertisers in the Greenville Times, are there more types of retailbusiness or more types of industrial business?【答案】B【解析】这句话提供了广告收入增加的另一个可能原因，所以答案有利于确认收入增加的原因，因此选B项。

第4章阅读理解技巧指南及专项练习4.1 大纲要求1. 教学大纲要求大学英语四级考试阅读理解部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能基本读懂一般性题材的英文文章，阅读速度达到每分钟70词。

在长篇匹配阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的材料时，阅读速度达到每分钟100词。

能基本读懂国内英文报刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和有关细节。

能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的材料。

能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。

”2. 最新考试大纲要求题型调整后，新四级阅读部分的题型增加了，但分值比重下降了。

2006年，全国实施新四级考试，新四级考试阅读部分增加了快速阅读，其题型以选择（或正误判断）和填空的形式出现。

2013年8月，四级考试阅读做出进一步的调整，快速阅读改为长篇匹配阅读，篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

长篇匹配阅读体现了对考生实际运用英语的能力的考查，即要求考生不仅要准确理解文章，还要提高阅读速度。

新四级考试中，整个阅读部分占总分的比例由之前的40%降为35%，但这并不意味着对阅读理解的要求下降了，而是为了改变过去考生只抓阅读而忽视其它方面技能的现象。

目前，阅读理解在四级考试中所占的分值比重仍然很大，因此在平时仍需加强对阅读理解题型的练习。

4.2 阅读理解试题分析1. 题型分析阅读理解部分包括词汇理解、长篇阅读和仔细阅读，测试学生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力；所占分值比例为35%，其中词汇理解部分5%，长篇阅读10%，仔细阅读部分20%。

考试时间40分钟。

词汇理解部分的考查形式为选词填空，测试考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力。

要求考生阅读一篇删去10个词汇的短文，然后从所给的A—O的15个选项中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。

选词填空篇章长度为200~250词。

仔细阅读部分为两篇多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为300~350词。

仔细阅读部分测试考生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等。

第1章托业考试阅读部分考试指南美国教育考试服务处（ETS）在1979开发了TOEIC考试，中国自2002年开始托业考试。

托业考试在2006年进行了改革，颁布了《TOEIC（托业）考试整体改革方案（中国大陆地区）》，实施新托业考试，其中托业考试的阅读部分改变了一些考查形式。

1.1 托业考试简介TOEIC托业考试(Test of English for International Communication)是由美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）开发的、专门针对在国际工作环境中使用英语交流的人们的英语能力的测评标准和考试。

TOEIC托业考试的试题是从世界上所有在工作环境中使用英语的国家进行收集，从口语和写作语言的样本开发出来的，其内容涵盖了广泛的日常交流和商务活动，其主题包括：商务会见、合同、谈判、市场营销、产品销售、企划、会议、制造、工厂管理、金融、预算、银行、投资、董事会议、求职、客户沟通等。

TOEIC考试被众多的公司采用，从中小企业，到跨国公司、政府机构，在许多行业和区域运行。

作为一个重要的管理工具，TOEIC托业考试帮助企业做出重大的人事决定。

中国劳动和社会保障部职业技能鉴定中心根据美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）的建议，组织专家制定出职业英语水平等级标准。

考生参加TOEIC托业听力阅读考试或托业桥考试将有机会获得职业英语水平等级证书（B类）；若考生同时参加TOEIC托业听力阅读考试和TOEIC口语写作考试，将会获得职业英语水平等级证书（A类）。

托业听力阅读考试采用计算机考试的形式，成绩由考生回答正确的试题数量决定。

答错不扣分。

听力和阅读部分的正确答案数量将分别转换成一个介于5～495分区间的分值，总分为10～990分。

TOEIC托业考试没有设置通过线，没有及格与不及格之分。

TOEIC托业考试是基于统计数据的能力测评考试，而不是基于特定教学大纲的考试。

考生究竟要达到什么分数才算合格，完全取决于他/她期望供职机构的职位要求。

2.2　篇章选词填空（Passage 51～Passage 70）Directions:Choose one appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the blanks in the passage below. Change the word form wherenecessary. Remember the list contains some extra words that may notbe used in filling in any of the blanks.◆科普科研类Keeping a full social calendar may help protect you from dementia(痴呆症), researchers said on Monday. (1)active people who were not easily stressed had a 50 percent lower risk of developing dementia compared with men and women who were (2) and prone to distress, they reported in the journal Neurology. “In the past, studies have shown that long-term distress can (3) parts of the brain, possibly leading to dementia,” Hui-Xin Wang of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, who led the study, said in a (4) .“But our findings suggest that having a calm and (5) personality in combination with a socially active lifestyle may decrease the risk of developing dementia even further.”An estimated 24 million people worldwide have the memory loss, problems with direction and other (6) that signal Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.Researchers believe the number of people with dementia may increase by four times by 2040, (7) the importance of better understanding the condition.The Swedish study involved 506 elderly people who did not have dementia when first examined. The volunteers were given questionnaires about their personality traits and lifestyles and then (8) for six years.Over that time, 144 people developed dementia with more socially active and less stressed men and women 50 percent less likely to be (9) with the condition.“The good news is, lifestyle factors can be modified as opposed to genetic factors which cannot be controlled,” Wang said. “But these are early results, so how exactly (10)attitude influences risk for dementia is not clear.”1. Socially(该处应填入修饰active的副词。