高中英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解
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英语阅读理解解题策略与技巧
高考要求
1. 理解文章主旨和要义；
2. 理解文中具体信息；
3. 根据上下文推断生词词义；
4. 作出简单的推断和判断；
5. 理解文章篇章结构；
6. 理解作者写作意图、观点和态度。
高考题型和解题技巧
通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。
一、细节理解题（比例较大）
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等；议论文中例证细节；定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
解题：定信息区间，比对定答案。
技法：题干定位法、转换法、首尾排除法、查读分析法。
正确选项的标志
同义替换 语义转换
信息归纳 用精练的语言概括文中较分散的信息
正话反说 原文意思反过来表达为正确选项
原文原词 利用原文原词
错误选项的标志
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但非题目要求内容
无中生有 符合常识，但非文章内容
曲解文义 表述相似原文，但非原文语义，或细节有变
颠倒是非 意思与原文大相径庭，或完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
1. 事实细节题→题干定位法（先读题，带着题干信息快速浏览全文）
分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有：
①What can we learn from the passage?
②All the following are mentioned except .
③Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
④Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…? ★真题范例
(2012江西卷)
………
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was
difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
………
56．Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?
A．He wanted to take a voyage. B．He wanted to practice his skill
C．He was so much attracted by it. D．He was eager to do an experiment.
(2016 全国III卷)
Music…
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under
cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long!
..........
24. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air. B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts. D. It presents famous musical works.
2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）
常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有：
①Which of the following is the correct order of…?
②Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
★真题范例
（2011山东卷）
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.
Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to
machines.
…….
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from
the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands
the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.
They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
……..
73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
3. 细读分析法→查读分析法
根据题目所给的信息，在原文中寻找答案
★真题范例 （2016 江苏卷 C）
2. Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense
Media report published Monday.
3. … 4. The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children，ages 2-8, remain
largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to
an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for
fun”?
A. In Paragraph 2. B. In Paragraph 3. C. In Paragraph 4. D. In Paragraph 5.
4. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索
设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。(略)
5. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）
可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。
二、 主旨大意题（几乎每年高考都有，1~3题）
考查学生文章整体或段落概括和归纳能力，在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea,
topic, theme等词。
不同体裁的短文如何定位主旨大意
记叙文 故事+中心 ；故事+议论+故事
首段表达感受，尾段升华主旨。中段议论部分表达主旨。
说明文 首段导入要介绍事物。
议论文 首段表达作者观点，末段总结全文或重申论点。
1. 归纳标题题
特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：
①What’s the best title for the text?
②The best title for this passage is ___.
③Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
★真题范例
（2012安徽卷）
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the
Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it
means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money
in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of
protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect
themselves against evils (灾祸).
People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应) toward them.
Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both
