下载文档原格式
谈疑问词+动词不定式的用法谈疑问词＋动词不定式的用法在英语中，疑问词+动词不定式的用法较为普遍，现在将其归纳如下:“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what which who 和疑问副词when how where 等。
这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构在句子中除了不能作谓语外，可做主语、宾语、表语等。
例如：1. She didn’t know which bus to take.她不知乘哪路公共汽车。
（做动词宾语）We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。
（做介词宾语）2. When to start remains undecided.何时出发，尚未决定。
（做主语）3. The difficulty is how to do the most of work with theleast of money.困难是如何尽量少用钱多办事。
（做表语）这种结构相当于一个名词从句，不论它在句子中做什么成分，常常都可用同等成分的从句替代。
改为从句时只要在疑问词后面填加一个适当的主语并将不定式动词改为适当形式的谓语既可。
所以上述几句可分别改成：She didn’t know which bus she should take.We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve.When we should start remains undecided.The difficulty is how we ought to do the most of word withthe least of money.当这种结构做宾语的时候，常常置于show, find out, learn, teach, tell, advise, wonder, know, discuss, remember, forget, explain 等动词之后。
高考专题-词法-非谓语动词之动词不定式知识集结知识元动词不定式知识讲解动词不定式一、概念：定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为"to+动词原形"，其中to是其符号，它没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to do to be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生三、动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
如：It is good to help others.2.作宾语1）不定式作宾语时通常用于want, hope, wish, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, claim, fail, promise, plan, offer, prefer, attempt 等词后。
2） find, make, think, consider, feel 等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式作形式宾语。
如：This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.3）“动词+ 疑问词+ 不定式”结构中的疑问词通常有what, when, where, which, how, whether 等，但不能用why。
3.作定语1）不定式作定语多表示未来动作，而动词-ing 形式作定语多表示正在进行的动作。
不定式的被动式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词都可以表示被动动作，但动作发生的时间不同。
Example:下周要召开的会议非常重要。
The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.现在正在召开的会议非常重要。
2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（二十五）定语从句必备知识点定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作后置定语)2．先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：(1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting.这是值得参观的地方。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
(2)一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
(4)一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。
高中英语语法复习讲义——动词不定式一.相关知识点精讲:1.不定式作补语1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如：例如;Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want 等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。
现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。
例如：例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。
(to be 不能省去)典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be 以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing 的结构，排除A、B、D。
consider 用动词be 以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。
3)有些动词可以跟there +to be 的结构。
例如：believe expect intend like loveprefer want wish understand mean例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2021届衡水中学新高考英语语法三轮复习讲义[01]人称代词和形容词性物主代词1. 人称代词(1) 人称代词有人称、数和格等的变化，详见下表：例如：He is Eric. 他是埃里克。
(he是主格，作主语)I don’t know them. 我不认识他们。
(them是宾格，作动词know的宾语)2.形容词性物主代词(1) 形容词性物主代词表示所属关系，有人称和数的变化，详见下表：③形容词性物主代词和形容词一起修饰名词时，其顺序为：形容词性物主代词+ 形容词+名词。
例如：【误】It is white her ruler.【正】It is her white ruler. 它是她的白色直尺。
【误】Is this English his book?【正】Is this his English book? 这是他的英语书吗？【注意】汉语中的“我妈妈”、“他姐姐”等表达，虽然代词用的是“我”、“他”，但要表达的意思仍是“我的”、“他的”，所以在翻译成英语时，一定要用形容词性物主代词而不能用人称代词。
例如：我妹妹很漂亮。
【误】I sister is very nice.【正】My sister is very nice.单元语法强化训练Ⅰ. 根据句意及提示填写单词。
1.__________ (he) first name is David.2.This is __________ (他们的) English teacher.3.__________ (我们)are in China.4.—What is __________ (you) name?—__________(I) name is Zhang Juan.5.—What is __________ (她的) telephone number?—It’s010-********.Ⅱ. 从方框中选择恰当的单词填空。
每词限用一次。
his, you, it, I, your 1.—Is this _________pen, Mary?—Yes, it is my pen.2._________ name is Jack.3.—What’s this in English?—__________is a ruler.4.Are __________ Jenny Smith?5.__________ am Jack Green.Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义（069）不定式省略to的情况常考知识点总结整理1) 在feel，have，hear，let，listen to，look at，make，notice，observe，see，watch等动词后作宾语补足语时，动词不定式to 通常被省略。
（见不定式作宾语补足语）Internet bars mustn't let people under 18 in or let anybody bad things.A. watchB. to watchC. watchingD. watches【答案选A】let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。
2) 在would rather（would sooner，had rather...than，rather than，had better等结构后用不带to的不定式。
如：I would rather go than stay.我宁愿走不愿留。
注意有时不定式虽然和它所修饰的名词是被动关系，但与句中的主语却是主动关系，则仍用主动式。
如：I have got a letter to write.我有一封信要写。
I want to get some novels to read.我想找几本小说看看。
如将上述不定式改为被动语态，则表示不同的句意。
I have got a letter to be written.我需要别人写一封信。
I want to get some novels to be read.我想给别人找几本小说看。
3）疑问句why引导的省略句中的不定式，在当代英语中通常需省去to。
如：Why spend such a lot of money?为什么花那么多钱？Why not wait for a couple of days?干吗不再等几天？例题：1. —Bob, it's getting cold. take a jacket with you?—All right, Daddy.A. Why notB. What aboutC. Would you likeD. You'd better【答案选A】Why not do...为什么不做……？这是简单特殊疑问句形式，Why do...? Why not do...?中不用to，其他简单特殊疑问句形式用to，如When to do? Where to do?等。
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义（067）疑问词与动词不定式连用常考知识点总结整理疑问词what，who，which，when，where，how 和连词whether 之后，可跟一个带“to”的不定式，构成一个特殊的动词不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语和表语。
如：How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题是非常重要的。
（主语）Ken didn't know what to say.肯不知道该说什么。
（宾语）The question is where to find the source of water.问题是在什么地方能找到水源。
（表语）例题：—I don't know with this problem. It's too hard.—You can ask Mr. Wang for help.A. which to doB. when to doC. what to doD. how to do【答案选C】不定式前加疑问词构成不定式短语作宾语。
•for+名词或代词宾格+动词不定式在动词不定式的复合结构中，for本身无意义。
for后面的名词或代词形式上是for的宾语，但在意义上是不定式的逻辑主语。
这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。
1）作主语。
如：It is necessary for us to learn from each other.我们必须互相学习。
It is difficult for present⁃day readers to understand why the novel Sister Carrie was withdrawn from circulation at the beginning of the 20th century.今天的读者难以理解为什么小说《嘉莉妹妹》在二十世纪初曾被停止发行。
一、弄清句法功能“疑问词+不定式”是英语中一个很有用的结构，尤其在口语中用得很频繁。
该结构在句子中主要用作宾语，有时也可用作主语或表语等。
基本用法说明疑问词what, which, who, when, where, how及连接副词whether与不定式连用而形成一个短语，这个短语相当于一个名词，可在句中做句子的主语、宾语或表语等。
如：“疑问词+不定式(短语)”是一个很有用的结构，它的作用相当于一个名词性从句，通常在某些动词(如tell, know, imagine, learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand等)后面做宾语，有时也用作主语、表语、同位语等。
如：A traffic light tells us when to cross the road. 交通信号告诉我们何时穿越马路。
When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。
The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
第一句中的when to cross the road用作动词tell的宾语，第二句中的when to start用作句子主语，第三句中的how to carry out the plan用于连系动词后作表语。
He didn’t know how to answer her.他不知道该怎样回答她。
When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。
I don’t know who to ask advice from.我不知道应向谁征求意见。
Would you please advise me which to buy? 你能否告诉我该买哪一个才好?Please explain (to me) where to begin and how to do it. 请 (给我)解释该从哪里开始及该怎么做。
2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记（1）2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记（2）2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记（3）2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记（4）who, what , which为疑问代词, 若在作主语, 变成名词性从句时, 结构不变●Who came here?● What happened last night?● Which was bought?名词性从句作介词宾语的时候，仅能用whether从句或疑问词引导的名词性从句, that从句不可以●I am curious about how he will cope with the problem.下列结构是可以的介词+ the fact+ that从句I am sure of the fact that the team has won the game.或者除去that , 再把that面的主语搬成所有格，动词变成动名词I am worried about his playing around all day.若从句有may, can, 则分别为be likely to/be able toI am happy about that he may come.（×）● I am happy about his being likely to come.●I am sure of his being ab le to do it.be+ adj+that从句去掉介词, 将that从句放在形容词后面●I am worried that he plays around all day.● I am sure that he has won the game.●laugh a hearty laugh ●sigh a deep sigh●sleep a sound sleep完全及物动词加了宾语以后意思才很完全的动词He killed her.完全不及物动词不加宾语意思就很完全的动词,没有被动语态He laughed.不完全不及物动词✧be动词后面可以加地方副词She is there.They are upstairs.Is he home now?✧become✧turn后面所用的形容多与颜色情绪有关His face turned pale when he heard the news.His face turned red with anger when he saw Mary.The captain relieved the platoon leader of his command. 连长解除了排长的指挥权。
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义（066）动词不定式做状语常考知识点总结整理作状语：动词不定式可用作修饰动词或形容词的状语，通常放在其所修饰的动词或形容词之后。
•作目的状语。
如：Sean went to America to learn English.肖恩去美国学习英语。
Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.每天早晨他早早起床去锻炼身体。
Fuel is a substance used to generate light, heat, or energy.燃料是一种用来产生光、热或能量的物质。
Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation, and generate electricity for the surrounding area.水坝被用于防洪、提供灌溉用水、并为周围地区发电。
例题：It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have【答案选C】此处用不定式表目的。
为了强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可变为in order to 或so as to + 动词原形。
但应注意in order to 位于句首或句中均可，而so as to 不能位于句首。
如：Jacqueline reads China Daily every day in order to/so as to improve her English.杰奎琳每天读《中国日报》以便能提高她的英语水平。
In order to catch the train, they started out early.为了能赶上火车，他们早早就出发了。
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义（067）疑问词与动词不定式连用常考知识点总结整理疑问词what，who，which，when，where，how 和连词whether 之后，可跟一个带“to”的不定式，构成一个特殊的动词不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语和表语。
如：
How to solve the problem is very important.
如何解决这个问题是非常重要的。
（主语）
Ken didn't know what to say.
肯不知道该说什么。
（宾语）
The question is where to find the source of water.
问题是在什么地方能找到水源。
（表语）
例题：
—I don't know with this problem. It's too hard.
—You can ask Mr. Wang for help.
A. which to do
B. when to do
C. what to do
D. how to do
【答案选C】不定式前加疑问词构成不定式短语作宾语。
•for+名词或代词宾格+动词不定式
在动词不定式的复合结构中，for本身无意义。
for后面的名词或代词形式上是for的宾语，但在意义上是不定式的逻辑主语。
这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。
1）作主语。
如：
It is necessary for us to learn from each other.
我们必须互相学习。
It is difficult for present⁃day readers to understand why the novel Sister Carrie was withdrawn from circulation at the beginning of the 20th century.
今天的读者难以理解为什么小说《嘉莉妹妹》在二十世纪初曾被停止发行。
It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language.
我们学一种外语是必要的。
2）作表语。
如：
The popular science books are for middle school students to read.
这些科普读物是给中学生看的。
It is for you to decide. 这得由你决定。
What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
我们所希望的是你更清楚地了解这件事。
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. （2002年高考全国卷）
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
【答案选B】考查不定式作表语。
remain前面的it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是主语从句，是真正的主语。
remain 在此句中用作系动词，后接不定式作表语，表示将来的动作。
要填入的see 与whether they will enjoy it存在动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。
3）作宾语。
如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.
我发现他一个人干这活是不可能的。
We consider it necessary for him to answer the question.
我们认为他有必要回答这个问题。
This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.
这使得工业和农业必须快速发展。
1. The headmaster told us at the Science Museum on time.
A. arrive
B. arrives
C. to arrive
D. arriving
【答案选C】tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事。
2. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. him
【答案选B】动词不定式to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting是句子的宾语，用it作形式宾语。
4）作定语。
如：
There is a lot of work for us to do.
有很多工作要我们去做。
It's a good chance for you to go.
这是你去的好机会。
We have several PC models for you to choose from.
我们有好几种计算机机型供你从中挑选。
I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ?
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
【答案选B】考查不定式作定语。
“要买”的动作还没有发生，应该选用不定式表示将来。
5）作状语。
如：
I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
我送他一些图片，让他看看巴黎的样子。
The film was good enough for me to watch many times.
这部电影好到我愿意看多遍。
The text is too long for us to learn by heart.
课文太长，我们背不下来。
在表示人、物性质、特征等的形容词的后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有：absurd荒唐的，bold大胆的，brave勇敢的，careful仔细的，careless粗心的，clever 聪明的，considerate 考虑周到的，courageous 有勇气的，cruel 残酷的，foolish 愚蠢的，good友善的，grateful感激的，honest诚实的，
impolite无礼的，kind善良的，nice正派的，polite有礼貌的，right 正确的，rude粗鲁的，silly傻的，stupid笨的，thoughtful体贴的，wicked邪恶的，wise明智的，wrong错误的等。
如：
It is very kind of you to help him every day.
你每天帮助他，你真好。
It was brave of you to do that.
你那样做真勇敢。
It was stupid of him to make such a mistake.
他真蠢，犯了那样的错误。
In our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
A. demanded
B. reminded
C. allowed
D. hoped
【答案选B】四个选项中，能带动词不定式作宾语补足语的只有remind和allow；其次，根据语境判断，此处应理解为“被提醒要……”。
