剑桥雅思9口语真题+解析Test3-Part3

剑桥雅思真题解析阅读9(test3)雅思阅读部分一直都是中国考生比较重视的题目，并且也是很有难度的题目，针对于雅思阅读真题资料也是大家需要重点分析的。

今天智课网小编就给大家带来了关于剑桥雅思阅读9及真题解析(test3)的内容，一起来分析一下吧。

剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticised. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked.In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community. The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference topronunciation. The variety which is favoured, in this account, is usually a version of the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style. Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write ‘correctly’; deviations fr om it are said to be ‘incorrect’.All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries. The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage, (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve’ the la nguage. The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterized by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar. Some usages are ‘prescribed’, to be learnt and followed accurately; others are ‘proscribed’, to be avoided. In this early period, there were no half-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alternatives, but to pronounce judgement upon them.These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained. Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage. This approach is summarized in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe —to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, wealready find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’. Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis.In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and ‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other. Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who do not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid. Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition. The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms —of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language.2 People feel more strongly about language education than about small differences in language usage.3 Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language.4 Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy inthe 18th century.5 Prescriptivism still exists today.6 According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change.7 Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century.8 Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented.Questions 9-12Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9______, there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ______.Conversely, the view of 11 ______, such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar should be based on 12 ______.A descriptivistsB language expertsC popular speechD formal languageE evaluationF rulesG modern linguists H prescriptivists I changeQuestion 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1?A. to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries and grammar booksB. to present a historical account of differing views of languageC. to describe the differences between spoken and written languageD. to show how a certain view of language has been discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the futureA. Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tid es are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.B. Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of the UK’s power —and at prices competitive with modern gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea,and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C. Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group. The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’ Southampton has been awarded ￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.D. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of wind generator to produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikelyto be environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E. Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.F. One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 the location of the first test site15 a way of bringing the power produced on one site backinto Britain16 a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternative source of energy17 mention of the possibility of applying technology from another industryQuestions 18-22Choose FIVE letters, A-J.Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?A It is a more reliable source of energy than wind power.B It would replace all other forms of energy in Britain.C Its introduction has come as a result of public pressure.D It would cut down on air pollution.E It could contribute to the closure of many existing power stations in Britain.F It could be a means of increasing national income.G It could face a lot of resistance from other fuel industries.H It could be sold more cheaply than any other type of fuel.I It could compensate for the shortage of inland sites for energy production.J It is best produced in the vicinity of coastlines with particular features.Questions 23-26Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.An Undersea TurbineREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Information theory-the big ideaInformation theory lies at the heart of everything —from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our livesA. In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the many applications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. After 25 years of exposure to the freezing temperatures of deep space, the probe was beginning to show its age. Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realized that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts. With the probe 12 billion kilometers from Earth, this was not an easy task. By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.B. It was the longest-distance repair job in history, and a triumph for the NASA engineers. But it also highlighted the astonishing power of the techniques developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just ayear earlier. Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for building gadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computer technology when still a student. While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting acclaim. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes — any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately.C. This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of ‘information’. The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true or false —which can be captured in the binary unit, or ‘bit’, of the form 1 or 0. Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place. In the process he discovered something surprising: it is always possible to guarantee information will get through random interference —‘noise’ — intact.D. Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with genuine information. Information theory generalses this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free. This ratedepends on the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its ‘bandwidth’). The resulting limit, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given singal strength and noise leve. The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up —‘coding’ — information to cope with the ravages of noise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity —‘bandwidth’ — of the communication system being used.E. Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, and they have proved crucial in many technological feats. The Voyager spacecraft transmitted data using codes which added one extra bit for every single bit of information; the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10,000 — and stunningly clear pictures of the planets. Other codes have become part of everyday life — such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps. As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes —which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.F. Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits from data which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning. As with error correction, however, there’s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous. Shannonshowed how to calculate this limit, opening the way to the design of compression methods that cram maximum information into the minimum space.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.27 an explanation of the factors affecting the transmission of information28 an example of how unnecessary information can be omitted29 a reference to Shannon’s attitude to fame30 details of a machine capable of interpreting incomplete information31 a detailed account of an incident involving information theory32 a reference to what Shannon initially intended to achieve in his researchQuestions 33-37Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS form the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe transmitted pictures of both 33______ and ______, then left the 34 ______.The freezing temperatures were found to have a negative effect on parts of the space probe.Scientists feared that both the 35 ______ and ______ wereabout to stop working.The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ______ —but distance made communication with the probe difficult.A 37 ______ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light.The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place.Questions 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passge 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this38 The concept of describing something as true or false was the starting point for Shannon in his attempts to send messages over distances.39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period is determined with reference to the signal strength and noise level.40 Products have now been developed which can convey more information than Shannon had anticipated as possible.剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test3)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：对语言的态度对于语言进行系统、客观的研究并不容易。

写作名师点题：这个题目属于argumentation辩论型题目。

题干中包含discuss both sides,则必须使用对称式结构。

从思路上来说，比校难写，不容易找出理由。

可以围绕以下思路:人们现在的工作、学习压力大，没时问运动:人们在空闲时一般都看电视、上网.不做运动等。

雅思写作高分范文：A problem of modem societies is the declining level of health in the general population. One possible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle. However, there are some people who doubt whether the solution would have effects.Advocates of this solution believe that increasing the number of sports facilities is the best way to improve the weU-being of people. First of all, nowadays people have to devote more time and energy to their careers and therefore they are too busy to spare time for physical exercises. If there were easy-to-reach local sports facilities, they would be more likely to take part in physical activitiesregularly. Another reason is that today's sedentary lifestyle means that physical activity is no longer part of people's leisure time. If more sports facilities were offered, doing a variety of sports would be much more attractive than just sitting in front of a screen every evening.However, there are some reasons why the solution may have little effect. In the first place, interest in sports is not universal, and additional facilities might simply attract those who are already fit, not those who need them badly. What we should do is to help children develop a positive attitude to exercise at an early age. In the second place, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. For example, high tax写作名师点题：在统计数据类图表作文中.较少出现四幅图的考查形式.本题是四幅饼图.而 2013年2月2日的考试中给出的是四幅柱状图，剑7Test 4也是四幅饼图。

答案编辑者：上海环球雅思口语名师：李宁（英国剑桥国际考试委员会IGCSE & A Level口语考官）微博：环球雅思李宁Part 1The examiner asks the candidates about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.EXAMPLETelephoningHow often do you make telephone calls?[ why/ why not?]Although I generally send emails and text messages, I still make telephone calls on a daily basis. I regularly need to call my colleagues, especially if its urgent or complicated, so its more convenient than sending text messages. However, I also make social phone calls to my friends and family, just to chat and see how their day has been!Who do you spend most time talking to on the telephone?[why]It changes, day to day. I probably make most phone calls to my colleague, Maria, especially as we are also friends outside of work. Sometimes I will call her to ask her a question about work, but I will also call her if I am going shopping to see if she wants anythings from the shops, to see if she wants to come over dinner, or would like to go for a bike ride! I always call my parents twice a week, on Wednesday and Saturday evenings. If I don't call then they will get worried!When do you think you’ll next make a phone call?[why?]I will call my American friend, Jesse, as soon as I finish work to ask him if I can borrow his big cooking pot. I have invited some friends to dinner at my apartment tomorrow evening, and I am planning to cook a big stew, so I will need to borrow his pot.Do you sometimes prefer to send a text message instead of telephoning? [why/ why not?]Yes certainly. I think sending text messages is often more convenient. For example, if I am on a bus or train where its too noisy, or if I am eating in a restaurant where I do not want to annoy other diners, then I will always send a text message. People often send me a text message, because they know I am teaching during the daytime and I cannot answer my phone. So instead, they send me a text message and I will reply as soon as I am free.Part 2Describe a journey [e.g. By car, plane, boat] that you remember well.You should say:Where you wentHow you traveledWhy you went on the journeyand explain why you remember this journey wellYou will have to talk about this topic for one to two minutes.You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.You can make some notes to help you if you wish.In the summer of 2010, I cycled coast-to-coast across the United States of America with two of my best friends from University.The three of us met at university in Liverpool, and we shared an interest in cycling. We regularly went on biking and camping trips into the Lake District at weekends if we had free time. During our final year, we decided it would be a great idea to train up and attempt to cycle across the North American continent to raise money for charity.So in July 2010, after months of training and preparation, we flew across the Atlantic Ocean to begin the 7,000 km journey across the USA.The journey was far more challenging than we thought it would be. Both our mental and physical limits were put to the test as we cycled across mountains, deserts and rivers, sometimes going days without seeing any other people. We had to carry a lot of heavy equipment on our bikes, and we camped almost every night. If we were passing through a large town then we would stay in a hotel, to get a good night sleep and to have a shower! But more often than not, we would camp in the wild and wash in rivers and waterfalls.Our journey began in Maryland and took us west, through the country's capital city, Washington DC, over the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi River onto the Kansas plains. From there we continued west over the Rocky Mountains and the deserts of Utah and Nevada. Finally, we crossed the Sierra Nevada mountain range and descended through California to San Francisco.Overall, we cycled 7,000 kilomet ers in 49 days, and raised over £4,000 for a children's cancer charity, which I think is an incredible achievement.PART 3Discussion topics :Reasons for daily travelExample questions :Why do people need to travel every day ?People need to travel for lots of different reasons. Almost everybody has to travel to work, so they can earn money and provide for their family. If a person is lucky, then they will live very close to where they work, so they can travel on foot or by bicycle. Sometimes, however, people live very far away, so they must travel by bus, train, car, or even sometimes by plane or boat!Lots of people also travel to see friends and family, who might live in a different city, or even a different country.But often people just like to travel for fun, to go to somewhere new, or to see a famous tourist site or place of natural beauty.What problems can people have when they are on their daily journey ,for example to work or school ? Why is this ?Naturally, the means and frequency by which people choose to travel is a topic that can be controversial. Pollution is becoming an increasing problem all over the world. Whenever possible, we should choose to travel in a way that does the least amount of damage to the environment. This includes walking, cycling, and using public transport such as buses and trains. Besides, if everyone travels in cars, not only will pollution problems persist, but traffic will become more congested. This will cause people to be late to school and work, and also cost businesses money.Some people say that daily journeys like these will not be so common in the future .Do you agree or disagree ?Why ?I agree that in the future, new methods of travel will exist, such as hovercrafts and small flying machines that will solve traffic problems. Or maybe new methods of energy and fuel will be developed which will not be as damaging to the environment, such as hydrogen power. But until such things are a reality, we must all concentrate on minimising our carbon footprint.Benefits of international travelExample questions :What do you think people can learn from travelling to other countries ? Why ?I have travelled to many countries all over the world, in Europe, Africa, North America and Asia. I think travelling has helped me to become a more interesting, knowledgeable and well-rounded individual with a greater understanding and acceptance for world cultures. Many of my friends from my hometown have never left England, and this shows in their ways of thinking, which is often limited and not as progressive. For example, they dislike responsibility, they can't take theinnitiative, they dislike being out of their comfort zone, and they are uncomfortable taking the lead. Moreover, they do not know as much about other cultures' languages, beliefs, history, food, and drink. Subsequently, they can be ignorant and skeptical of foreigners in their country, which can lead to dislike and racism.Can travel make a positive difference to the economy of a country ?How ?I have been to over 25 countries worldwide. Often, this has been a quick trip or tour of a country, where I would see and do as much as I can in the time frame that I have. But I have also lived in two foreign countries; Uganda, where I lived for 4 months, and China, where I have been for over a year now. In both situations, I feel I have contributed to the economy of the respective countries; when I was travelling I contributed by spending money on gifts, food and accommodation, and when I have been living abroad I have paid taxes and offered my skills to the country in the form of work.Do you think a society can benifit its members have experience of travelling to other countries ?In what ways?Yes, I think travelling to other countires will help the individual become more interesting, knowledgeable, creative and well-rounded with a greater understanding and acceptance for world cultures. If more citizens had these progressive qualities, then naturally this will benefit the society.。

SECTION 1Questions 1-10Questions 1-5Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 6-10Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.雅思听力真题全解析听前预测1-5题是分类信息表格填空题。

考生应快速浏览表格的第一行和第一列，发现同一行是相关信息，同一列是同类信息，可以得知分别要填写的是公寓的名称、设施、相关信息和价格；接着，找出题目顺序，同时预测每个空格的答案词性，划出空格前后的定位词。

6-10题是分类信息表格填空题。

做题方法基本同上，不过，考生还应注意到：根据第一行的标题GREEKSLANDHOLIDAYS^知表格与度假有关；最后两行是附加信息，分别是姓名和电话雅思名师解读剑9听力1. 300 请注意，根据空格后的metres可知空格中应填数词，空格前后的salt-water swimming pool和beach是定位词。

此题直接给出了答案，没有陷讲。

2. Sun shade根据空格所在的这一列的另外几项可知空格中应填名词，且要大写首字母。

根据录音中女士说的there are just two more apartme nts 可知答案即将出现，接下来该女士磕磕巴巴地说sun ...Su nshine ，这其实是暗示考生答案更加接近了，但它同时又是陷阱，让考生以为Sunshine是答案，其实，女士的这句话只是提问，男士回答的the Sun shade Apartme nts 才是答案。

3. balco ny Greek pai ntin gs 是本题的并列成分，它既是定位词，又是定性词，决定空格中要填名词或动名词。

录音中，在Greek paintings 之后有个and,提示考生接下来给出的是其并列成分，即balcony。

Passage 1Question 1答案： YES关键词： reasons, arguments occur定位原文: 第1段第2、3句“Popular linguistic debate... ”语言学上的普通争论通常会升级为谩骂和论战。

语言属于所有人，所以大多数人认为他们有权保留自己对语言的看法。

解题思路: 题干要判断对于语言的争论，原因是否可以理解。

原文陈述，语言属于所有人，大多数人有权保留对语言的看法，所以人们的观点会产生分歧是可以理解的。

题干与原文完全一致。

Question 2答案： NO关键词： language education, language usage定位原文：第1段第4句“And when opinions differ,…”而当看法出现分歧时，人们可能变得情绪激动。

语言用法方面的一点小事，就能像语言学教育政策中的重大问题一样很容易引起争论。

解题思路：题干要判断人们对待语言教育的态度是否比对待语言用法的态度更加强烈。

原文陈述，语言用法方面的一点小事都能像语言学教育政策中的大事一样引起争论，这说明对待语言用法与语言学教育政策的态度同样强烈。

题干与原文所述观点不一致。

Question 3答案： YES关键词： intelligence, affect定位原文：第2段第2句“No part of society or social…”所有社会组成部分或者社会行为无一例外。

语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力、社会地位、教育程度、工作能力以及许多身份与社会生存的其他方面。

解题思路：题干要判断使用语言的方式是否会影响人们对一个人智力的评估。

原文陈述，语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力……题干与原文完全一致。

Question 4答案： NOT GIVEN关键词： prescriptive, 18th century对应原文：第4段第1句“All the main languages…”解题思路：对所有主要语言的研究都是约定俗成的，尤其在18世纪对语法与词典的编写过程中。

2023雅思口语9月份题库以下是2023年9月份雅思口语题库的相关参考内容：Part 1: Personal information1. NameHi, my name is [Your Name]. You can call me [Nickname] if you prefer.2. HometownI come from [Hometown Name], which is a beautiful city located in [Country Name]. It is known for its rich cultural heritage and scenic beauty.3. Study/workI am currently studying [Subject/Field of Study] at[University/Institute Name]. I find the program fascinating and it aligns with my career goals.4. Daily routineMy weekdays usually start with waking up early in the morning, followed by some light exercises and a healthy breakfast. After that, I attend my classes or work. In the evenings, I like to relax by spending time with my friends or engaging in my hobbies.5. Hobbies and interestsI have a few hobbies that I am really passionate about. Firstly, I enjoy reading books, particularly novels and self-help books. They help me relax and broaden my knowledge. Secondly, I am an avid traveler. Exploring new places and experiencing different cultures is something I find extremely enriching.6. FamilyI come from a small family consisting of my parents and a sibling. My parents have always been supportive of my dreams and have played a major role in shaping my personality.Part 2: Describe a placeDescribe a place that you have visited recently. Please say:- Where is it?- Why did you visit it?- What did you do there?- How did you feel about the visit?Recently, I had the opportunity to visit the breathtaking city of Paris in France. The main reason for my visit was to explore its rich historical heritage and iconic landmarks.During my stay in Paris, I visited famous attractions like the Eiffel Tower, Louvre Museum, and Notre-Dame Cathedral. I spent hours wandering through the streets of Montmartre and soaked in the artistic vibes of the city. I also indulged in delicious French cuisine and tried out some local delicacies.The visit to Paris left me mesmerized. The architectural beauty of the city, combined with its vibrant art and culture, made it an unforgettable experience. I was captivated by the history and grandeur of the landmarks and museums. The French people were warm and friendly, making the trip even more enjoyable.Part 3: Tourism1. Benefits of tourismTourism brings numerous benefits to both the tourists and the local communities. Firstly, it boosts the economy by generating employment and increasing revenue. Secondly, it promotes cultural exchange and understanding, as tourists get to experience different traditions and customs. Lastly, it helps in preserving and conserving natural and cultural heritage, as tourism often leads to the maintenance of historical sites and environmental protection. 2. Challenges of sustainable tourismSustainable tourism is crucial for the long-term preservation of destinations. However, there are several challenges. Firstly, the impact of mass tourism on the environment can be detrimental, leading to pollution and excessive resource consumption. Secondly, overtourism can strain the infrastructure and resources of popular destinations. Thirdly, striking a balance between the needs of the tourists and the local communities can be challenging, as cultural values and practices may clash with the expectations of the visitors. Overall, tourism has tremendous potential if managed responsibly. It can bring economic benefits, foster cultural understanding, and contribute to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage. However, it is important to address the environmental and social challenges associated with tourism to ensure its sustainability.。

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage 3 阅读译文,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test3阅读Passage3答案解析。

TEST 3 PASSAGE 3 参考译文：信息理论——伟大的构想从根本上说，信息理论是一切事物的中心——从DVD播放器、DNA遗传密码，到宇宙物理学。

一直以来信息理论对通信科学的发展都极为重要，它使数据可以电子化传送，因而也对我们的生活产生了重大影响。

A 2002年4月发生的一件事展现了信息理论的一大应用。

1977年发射的太空探测器“旅行者1号”发回了木星和土星的壮观照片，然后飞出太阳系开始它的单程旅行，飞往其他恒星执行任务。

25年来，“旅行者1 号”始终暴露在寒冷的深空中，它的性能开始逐渐衰退，传感器和电路已经接近崩溃的边缘。

美国宇航局专家意识到他们必须采取措施，否则就会永远和“旅行者1号”失去联系。

为了解决这一问题,他们的方案是给“旅行者1号”发去信息，指导它用备件更换已经出现故障的部件。

考虑到“旅行者1号”距离地球120亿公里之远，这并不是一项简单的任务。

信息最终通过美国宇航局深空网的无线电天线传送到了太空深处。

该信息虽然以光速传播，却还是花了11个小时才到达远在冥王星轨道之外的目标。

然而令人难以置信的是，这颗小小的探测器成功接收到了来自故乡星球微弱的召唤，并顺利地更换了零件。

B这是有史以来最远距离的修理工作，也是美国宇航局工程师的一大成功。

但是，这也突出显示了(信息)技术的惊人力量，这些技术由一年前(注：2001年)刚刚离世的美国通信工程师Claude Shannon研发。

.Claude Shannon于1916年出生于密歇根州的佩托斯基。

他少年时便展示出了在数学与制作小器械方面的天赋，而且在学生时期就在计算机的基础技术上取得了多项突破。

在贝尔实验室时，Shannon发展了信息理论，但他并不看重因此而获得的荣誉。

20世纪40年代，他一手创立了完整的通信科学理论，随后该理论得到了广泛应用，从DVD到卫星通信，再到条形码——总之，需要快速而又准确传送数据的所有领域都应用到了通信科学。

智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料剑9 Test3 Passage3 长难句分析-智课教育出国考试雅思长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。

今天，雅思小编给大家带来剑9 Test3 Passage3长难句分析，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的技巧，攻克长难句，不再是个传说。

1. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes - any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 3)我们先来认识一些单词：1. inveigle (vt. 诱骗，诱使)2. accurately (adv.精确地)句子结构分析：这句话主干是he single-handedly created an entire science of communication。

Which引导定语从句修饰communication，from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes 做插入语，破折号后面anyarea…表解释说明。

inshort做插入语，where引导非限制性定语从句修饰area。

译文：20世纪40年代，他一手创立了完整的通信科学理论，随后该理论得到了广泛应用，从DVD到卫星通信，再到条形码——总之，需要快速而又准确传送数据的所有领域都应用到了通信科学。

2. This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shahhon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 3)我们先来认识一些单词：1. prestigious(adj. 著名的，有声望的)2. down-to-earth (adj. 现实的)句子结构分析：这句话的主干是This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shahhon originally had for his work。

剑桥雅思9真题及解析Test3口语－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－How often do you make telephone calls? [Why/Why not?]你通常多久一次电话？（为什么？/为什么不？）名师点题剑9口语“打电话”属于比较简单的考题。

对于这个问题，比较简短的回答就是：I make phone calls every day.然后扩展的方向包括在什么状况下需要打电话，打电话在日常生活中能起到什么作用。

当然也可以把打电话和其他通讯方式做一下对比，如发短信、写信等。

高分示例1Although I generally send emails and text messages, I still make telephone calls on a daily basis. I need to call my colleagues regularly, especially if it's urgent or complicated, so it's more convenient than sending text messages. However, I also make phone calls to my family and friends, just to chat and see how their day has been!尽管我一般都发邮件和短信，我还是会每天都打电话。

我通常需要给我的同事打电话，尤其是出现紧急或复杂情况的时候打电话要比发息方便得多。

我也会给家人和朋友打电话，和他们聊一聊，了解他们的近况。

高分示例2I make about one to two phone calls a day, depending on whether I need to make plans to go out with friends that day. Because I have instant messaging on my phone, it is much easier than talking on the phone. Plus it is free and sometimes phone calls can be expensive to make.我一般每天打一两个电话，取决于我是否计划和我的好友出去玩。

Passage 1Question 1答案： YES关键词： reasons, arguments occur定位原文: 第1段第2、3句“Popular linguistic debate... ”语言学上的普通争论通常会升级为谩骂和论战。

语言属于所有人，所以大多数人认为他们有权保留自己对语言的看法。

解题思路: 题干要判断对于语言的争论，原因是否可以理解。

原文陈述，语言属于所有人，大多数人有权保留对语言的看法，所以人们的观点会产生分歧是可以理解的。

题干与原文完全一致。

Question 2答案： NO关键词： language education, language usage定位原文：第1段第4句“And when opinions differ,…”而当看法出现分歧时，人们可能变得情绪激动。

语言用法方面的一点小事，就能像语言学教育政策中的重大问题一样很容易引起争论。

解题思路：题干要判断人们对待语言教育的态度是否比对待语言用法的态度更加强烈。

原文陈述，语言用法方面的一点小事都能像语言学教育政策中的大事一样引起争论，这说明对待语言用法与语言学教育政策的态度同样强烈。

题干与原文所述观点不一致。

Question 3答案： YES关键词： intelligence, affect定位原文：第2段第2句“No part of society or social…”所有社会组成部分或者社会行为无一例外。

语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力、社会地位、教育程度、工作能力以及许多身份与社会生存的其他方面。

解题思路：题干要判断使用语言的方式是否会影响人们对一个人智力的评估。

原文陈述，语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力……题干与原文完全一致。

Question 4答案： NOT GIVEN关键词： prescriptive, 18th century对应原文：第4段第1句“All the main languages…”解题思路：对所有主要语言的研究都是约定俗成的，尤其在18世纪对语法与词典的编写过程中。

雅思考试口语9分答案(ashoppingplace)3Part 3 General Questions Q: What features do you think a successful shopping center must acquire? A: In my opinion, a successful shopping center must, in the first place, be clear about what sort of customers they need to attract------does it focus on customers of a certain category , for example, sports lovers or old people? Or does it want to attract the general public? With this in mind, a shopping center can then import the correct goods to sell. Also, the shopping place needs to be well furnished, equipped with adequate facilities, such as comfortable air-conditioning and spacious, easily accessible lifts. I don’t think anybody would like to shop at a construction site! then, the commodities the shopping center sells should be both modest in price and high in quality. Everybody likes things that are nice and cheap. Last but not least, the service in a shopping center should be enhanced in order to attract more customers. Shop-assistants must be friendly to customers and willing to serve them well. there are picky shoppers who find fault with everything and can’t make up their minds. A shop-assistant then, must be patient with them instead of being annoyed, and should try his best to satisfythe customers’ needs and help them choose what fits them best. Q: What do you think can be done to make a shopping center more attractive? A: First of all, adjustments can be made to a shopping center’s facilities to make them more comfortable. More kinds of goods can be added to the storage and arranged in such a way that they can be more convenient for customers to access to. Secondly, more sales activities can be held to raise interest. For example, a sales season around Christmas can attract many shoppers, and there can be more commodities on discount ----- cheaper merchandise means more buyers! Also, a shopping center can invite famous people, such as pop singers, to help promote its goods and entertain customers. these activities can certainly make a shopping center more popular. Q: What do you think are the benefits of Internet shopping? A: Talking about Internet shopping, I often buy books via the Internet, and I really enjoy this kind of shopping. Internet shopping can save you a lot of time and energy. If you shop in the traditional way, you may have to run all around the city and turn all the shops upside down just for one special article. It may also cost you a whole morning and you may feel exhausted at the end of the day. However, if you do your shopping on the Internet, you can simply key in a few words and with a clickof the mouse, your order is off and you can wait for your merchandise to be delivered to you. Internet shopping is much more convenient than traditional shopping. It can be hard for you to find something you need, for it may be tucked away in a corner of a shop. Yet on the Internet, you can just search for the merchandise you need, and receive the result a second later. 1:42 pm the examiner told me that it was the end of the speaking test. After saying goodbye, I left the room.I felt that I had done quite well in the speaking section.。

Test 3LISTENING SECTION 1 Questio ns ITOQuesti ons 1—5Complete the table below.Write OXE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.Questio ns 6-10Complete the table below.Write OXE WORK AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.SECTION 2 Questio ns 11-20Questio ns 11-13Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Winridge Forest Railway Parks idea for a theme park came from11 SimonA his childhood hobby.B his in terest in Ian dscape desig n.C his visit to ano ther park.12When they started, the family decided to open the park only whenA the weather was expected to be good・B the children weren t at school.C there were fewer farmi ng commitme nts.13Since ope ning, the park has hadA 50,000 visitors.B 1, 000, 000 visitors.C 1, 500, 000 visitors.Questio ns 14T8What is curre ntly the main area of work of each of the follow ing people?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct let ter, A-H , next to ques tio ns 14-18.Area of workA advertis ingB ani mal careC buildi ngD educati on al li nksE engine maintenanceF food and drinkG alesH staffi ngPeople14Sim on (the speaker) __________ 15Liz ________ 16Sarah17Du ncan18 JudithQuesti ons 19 and 20 Complete the table below ・Write ONE WORK AND/OR NUMBERS for each an swer.SECTION 3Question 21-30Complete the no tes below. WORDS AXD/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.Study Skills Tutorial~Caroli ne BenningStren gths:computer model! nglack of backgro und in formati onpoor 23skillsWrite NO MORE THAN TWORecomme ndati ons: Dissertati on topic: the• use a card in dex 21 22Next tutorial date:1Read all notes 2930 ______ JanuaryWeak nesses:SECTION 4Questions 31-40 Questi ons 31 and 32Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.The owners of the un dergro und house31A had no experie nee of liv ing in a rural area・B were in terested in en vir onmen tai issues・C wan ted a professi onal project man ager・32 What does the speaker say about the site of the house?A The land was quite cheap・B Stone was being extracted n earby.C It was in a completely un spoilt area・Questio ns 33-40Complete the no tes below・Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.The Underground HouseDesig nBuilt in the earth, with two floorsThe south-faci ng side was con structed of two layers of 33 ____________________Photovoltaic tiles were attachedA layer of foam was used to improve the 34 ___________________ o f the buildingSpecial featuresTo in crease the light, the buildi ng has many in ter nal mirrors and 35 ________ In future, the house may produce more 36 _____________________ t han it needsRecycled wood was used for the 37 _________________ of the houseThe system for processing domestic 38 _________ is organicEn vir onmen tai issuesThe use of large quantities of 39 ______________ in construction was environmentallyharmfulBut the house will have paid its ' environmental deb40 _ withinREADINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi ons 1T3,which are based on Read ing Passage 1 below・Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study・ Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into in vective and polemic・ Lan guage bel ongs to every one, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high・ Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of lin guistic educati on.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be no ted and criticized・ No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: lin guistic factors in flue nee how we judge pers on ality, in tellige nee, social status, educati onal sta ndards, job aptitude, and many other areas of ide ntity and social surviva1・ As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked・In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an in here ntly higher value tha n others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech com muni ty. The view is propo un ded especially inrelati on to grammar and vocabulary, and freque ntly with refere nee to pronun ciati on. The variety w hich is favoured, in this acco un t, is usually a vers ion of the " sta ndardwritten language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken Ian guage which most closely reflects this style・ Adhere nts to this variety are said to speak or wri te correctly ; deviations from it are said to beincorrect •All the main Ian guages have bee n studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th cen tury approach to the writi ng of grammars and dicti on aries・ The aims of these early grammaria ns were threefold： (a) they wan ted to codify the prin ciples of their Ian guages, to show that there was a system ben eath the appare nt chaos of usage, (b) they wan ted a means of settli ng disputes over usage, and (c) they wan ted to point out what they felt to be com mon errors, in order to，・，improve the Ian guage・The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterized by its reliance onrules of grammar・ Some usages are prescribed , to be learnt and followedaccurately; others are proscribed , to be avoidably peiWoi&ehere were nohalf-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammaria n not simply to record alter natives, but to pronounce judgeme nt upon them・These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that lin guistic sta ndards should be maintain ed. Nevertheless, there is an alter native point of view that is concerned less with sta ndards tha n with the facts of lin guistic usage・This approach is summarized in the stateme nt that it is the task of the grammaria n to describe, not prescribe-to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluati ng Ian guage variati on or halt ing Ian guage cha nge・ In the sec ond half of the 18th cen tury, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudime nts of En glish Grammar (1761) in sists that ' the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis・In our own time, the opposition between descriptivists and prescriptivistsbecome extreme, with both sides painting un real pictures of the other・ Descriptive grammaria ns have bee n prese nted as people who do not care about sta ndards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid・ Prescriptive grammar!a ns have bee n prese nted as bli nd adhere nts to a historical traditi on. The oppositi on has eve n bee n prese nted in quasi-political terms --------- of radical liberalism vs elitist con servatism.Questio ns 1一8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your an swer sheet, writeYES if the stateme nt agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the stateme nt con tradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1There are un dersta ndable reas ons why argume nts occur about Ian guage・2People feel more stron gly about Ian guage educati on tha n about small differe nces in Ian guage usage. 3Our assessment of a person s intelligenee is affected by the way he or she uses Ian guage・4Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century・5Prescriptivism still exists today・6According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change・7Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th cen tury・8Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have bee n misreprese nted.Questi ons 9T2Complete the summary using the list of words, AT , below・Write the correct let ter, AT , in boxes 9T2 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9 ___________ , there is only one correct form of language・ Linguists whotake this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ________ ・Con versely, the view of 11 _____________ , such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar shouldbe based on 12 ____________ ・Question 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet・A.to argue in favour of a particular approach to writi ng diet ion aries and grammar booksB.to prese nt a historical acco unt of differi ng views of Ian guageC・ to describe the differe nces betwee n spoke n and writte n Ian guageD. to show how a certai n view of Ian guage has bee n discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi ons 14一26, which are based on Read ing Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUn dersea turb ines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the exte nt of the impact they may have, but all the sig ns are that they will play a significant role in the futureA. Operati ng on the same pr in ciple as wind turb in es, the power in sea turb inescomes from tidal curre nts which tur n blades similar to ships propellers, but, un like wind, the tides are predictable and the power in put is con sta nt. The tech no logy raises the PROSPECT of Britai n beco ming self-sufficie nt in ren ewable en ergy and drastically reduci ng its carb on dioxide emissi on s. If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Brita in would be able to close gas, coal and nu clear power pla nts and export ren ewable power to other parts of Europe・Un like wind power, which Brita in origi nally developed and the n aba ndoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export ear ner to isla nd n ati ons such as Japa n and New Zeala nd.. ............................................................... ,B・ Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of the UK s powend at prices competitive with modern gas turbines andun dercutt ing those of the already ail ing nu clear in dustry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk・ Other sites identified in elude the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotia nd, particularly the cha nnel betwee n Campbeltow n and Norther n Irela nd.C・ Work on desig ns for the new turb ine blades and sites are will adva nee at theUniversity of Southampton s sustainable energy research group. The first stationis expected to be in stalled off Lynm outh in Devon shortly to test the tech no logy in a ven ture join tly fun ded by the departme nt of Trade and In dustry and the Europea n Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampt on research, said：' The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and con sta nt・ The tech no logy for deali ng with the hostile sali ne en vir onment un der the sea has bee n developed inthe North Sea oil in dustry and much is already known about turb ine blade desig n, because of wind power and shippropellers・ There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms・S outhampton has been awarded £ 215,000 over three years todevelop the turb ines and is work ing with Marine Curre nt Turb in es, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project・EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are betwee n isla nds or around heavily inden ted coasts where there are strong tidal curre nts・D・ A marine turb ine blade n eeds to be only one third of the size of wind gen erator to produce three times as much power・The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required・ Un like wi nd power, there are un likely to be en vir onmen tai objecti ons・ Fish and other creatures are though uni ikely to be at risk from therelatively slow-tur ning blades・ Each turbi ne will be moun ted on a tower which wi11 connect to the n ati onal power supply grid via underwater cables・ The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipp ing, and also be desig ned to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clea n seaweed from the blades・E・ Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alder ney site, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than n eeded for the Channel Isla nds and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channe1.F・ One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles・ These can cause vibrati on and damage the blades of theturbines・ Dr Bahaj said：' We have to test a number of blade types to avoid thishappe ning or at least make sure it does not damage the turb ines or reduce performa nee・ Ano ther slight concern is submerged debris float ing into the blades・So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turb ines robust because the sea is a hostile en vir onment, but all the sig ns that we can do it are good・Questio ns 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A~F ・Which paragraph contains the followi ng in formati on?Write the correct letter, A~F , in boxes 14一17 on your answer sheet・NB You may use any letter more tha n once・14the location of the first test site15 a way of bri nging the power produced on one site back into Brita in16 a reference to a previous attempt by Brita in to find an alter native source of en ergy17men ti on of the possibility of appl ying tech no logy from ano ther in dustryQuesti ons 18~22Choose FIVE letters, A-J・Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your an swer sheet・Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?A It is a more reliable source of en ergy tha n wind power・B It would replace all other forms of en ergy in Brita in.C Its in troduct ion has come as a result of public pressure・D It would cut down on air pollution.E It could con tribute to the closure of many exist ing power stati ons in Brita in.F It could be a means of in creas ing n ati onal in come・G It could face a lot of resista nee from other fuel in dustries・H It could be sold more cheaply tha n any other type of fue 1・I It could compensate for the shortage of inland sites for energy production. J It is best produced in the vicinity ofcoastlines with particular features ・Questio ns 23-26Label the diagram below ・Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each an swer.Write your an swers in boxes 23-26 on your an swer sheet ・An Undersea TurbineWhole tower can be raised for 23 _________________ and the extract ion of seaweed from thebladesSea life not in dan ger due to the fact that blades are comparatively 24 ________Air bubbles result from the 25 ______________ behind blades ・ This is known as 26 ________________READING PASSAGE 3You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi ons 27-40Read ing Passage 3 below. A.In April 2002 an eve nt took place which dem on strated one of the many applications of information theory. The spaceprobe, Voyager I, Launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Satut n and the n soared out of the Solar System on a on e-way missi on to the stars ・ After 25 years of exposure to the freez ing temperatures of deep space, the probe was begi nning to show its age ・ Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA expers realized that they had to do somethi ng or lose con tact with their probe forever ・ The soluti on was to get a message to Voyager I to in struct it to use spares to change the failing parts ・ With the probe 12 billion kilometers fromEarth, this was not an easy task ・ By means of a radio dish bel onging to NASA Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space ・ Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far bey ond the orbit of Pluto ・ Yet, i ncredibly, the littie probe man aged to hear the faint call from its home planet, andsuccessfully made the switchover ・ B.It was the Iongest 一distance repair job in history, and a triumph for the NASA engin eers ・ But it also highlighted the ,which are based onIn formatio n theory —the big ideaIn formatio n theory lies at the heart of everythi ng-from DVD players and the gen etic code of DNA to the physics of the uni verse at its most fun dame ntal. It has bee n cen tral to the developme nt of the scie nee of com muni cati on, which en ables data to be sent electro ni cally and has therefore had a major impact on our livesjust a year earlier・ Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michiga n, Shannon showed an early tale nt for maths and for buildi ng gadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foun dati ons of computer tech no logy whe n still a stude nt・ While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed in format! on theory, but shunned the result ing acclaim ・ In the 1940s, he sin gle-ha ndedly created an en tire scie nee ofcom muni cati on which has since in veigled its way into a host of applicati ons, from DVDs to satellitecom muni cati ons to bar codes-a ny area, in short, where data has to be con veyed rapidly yet accurately・C・ This all seems light years away from the dow n 一to 一ear th uses Shannon origi nally had for his work, which bega n whe nhe was a 22-year-old graduate engin eeri ng stude nt at the prestigious Massachusetts In stitute of Tech no logy in 1939・ He set out with an appare ntly simple aim: to pin dow n the precise meaning of the concept of information ・ The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, iswhether somethi ng is true of false which can be captured in the binary un it, or bit , of the form 1 or 0. Having ide ntified this fun dame ntal un it, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place・ In the process he discovered somethi ng surpris ing： it is always possible to guata ntee in formatio n will get through ran dom in terfere neeno is tact・D. Noise usually means unwan ted sounds which in terfere with genuine in formati on. In formati on theory gen eralizes this ideavia theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise setsa limit on the rate at which in formati on can pass along com muni cati on cha nn els while remaining error-free・ Thisrate depends on the relative strengths of the sig nal and no ise travell ing dow n the com muni cati on cha nn el, and on its capacity(its ' ban dwidth )・ The result ing limit, give n insuofi bits per sec on d,is theabsolute maximum rate of error-free com muni cati on give n sin gal stre ngth and no ise leve・ The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packagi ng up' coding—' information to cope with the ravages of noise, while staying withinthe in formati on-carrying capacity ' ban dwidth ' of the com muni cati on systembeing used・E・ Over the years scie ntists have devised many such codi ng methods, and they have proved crucial in many tech no logical feat ・ The Voyager spacecraft tran smitted data using codes which added one extra bit for every sin gle bit of information;the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10, 000-and stunningly clear pictures of the pla nets・ Other codes have become part of everyday life- such as the Uni versal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple errordetect ing system that en sures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price eve n on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps・ As rece ntly as 1993, engin eers made a major breakthrough by discover! ng so-called turbo codes-which come very close to Shannon sultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliable, and now play a key role in the mobile videoph one revoluti on.F・ Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information,by strippin g out superfluous ( ' redundant ) bits from data which contributed little. . . . < ， . ・real in formati on. As mobile phone text messages like I CN C U show, it is ofte n possible to leave out a lot of data without los ing much meaning・ As with error correcting, however, th ere s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous・ Shannon showed how to calculate this limit, ope ning the way to the desig n of compressi on methods that cram maximum in formati on into the mi nimum space・Questio ns 27~32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F ・Which paragraph contains the followi ng in formati on?Write the correct let ter, A~F, in boxes 27-32 on your an swer sheet ・27 an expla nati on of the factors affect ing the tran smissi on of in format! onan example of how unn ecessary in formati on can be omitted2829 a reference to Shannon s attitude to fame30 details of a machi ne capable of in terpret ing in complete in formati on31 a detailed acco unt of an in cide nt in volv ing in formati on theory32 a refere nee to what Shannon in itially inten ded to achieve in his researchQuestio ns 33-37Complete the no tes below.TWO WORDS form the passage for each an swer.in boxes 33-37 on your an swer sheet ・The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe tran smitted pictures of both 33 ___________ and __________ , the n left the 34 The freez ing temperatures were found to have a n egative effect on parts of the space probe ・Scientists feared that both the 35 ________ and __________ were about to stopworki ng.The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ____________________ butdista nee made com muni cati on with the probe difficult ・A 37 ________ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light ・The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place ・Questio ns 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading PassGE 3?In boxes 38-40 on your an swer sheet ，write TRUE if the stateme nt agrees with the in formatio nFALSE if the stateme nt con tradicts the in formatio nNOT GIVEN if there is n o i nformation on this38 The con cept of describ ing somethi ng as true or false was the start ing point forShannon in his attempts to send message over dista nces ・39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period isChoose NO MORE THAN Write your an swersdeterm ined with refere nee to the sig nal stre ngth and no ise level・40Products have now bee n developed which can con vey more in formati on tha n Shannon had an ticipated as possible・WRITINGWRITING TASK1You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on this task.Write at least 150 words・WRITING TASK2You should spe nd about 40 minu tes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reas ons for you an swer and in elude any releva nt examples from your own kno wledge or experie nee. Write at least 250 words・SPEAKINGPART 1The exam iner asks the can didate abo ut him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar to pics.EXAMPLETeleph oningHow ofte n do you make telepho ne calls? [Why/Why n ot?]Who do you spe nd most time talk ing to on the teleph on e?[Why?]When do you think you 11 next make a telephone call?[Why?]Do you sometimes prefer to send a text message in stead of teleph oning? [Why/Why n ot?]Describe a journey [e.g・ by car, plane, boat] that you remember wel1.You should say:where you went how you travelledwhy you went on the journey and explain why you remember this jour ney well. You will have to talk about the topic for one to two minu tes・You have one minute to thi nk about what you are going to say.You can make some no tes to help you if you wish・Discussi on topics:Reas ons for daily travelExample questi ons：Why do people n eed to travel every day?What problems can people have whe n they are on their daily jour ney, for example to work or school? Why is this?Some people say that daily jour neys like these will not be so com mon in the future・ Do you agree or disagree? Why?Ben efits of intern ati onal travelExample questi ons：What do you thi nk people can lear n from travelli ng to other coun tries? Why?Can travel make a positive differe nee to the economy of a coun try? How?Do you thi nk a society can ben efit if its members have experie nee of travelli ng to othercoun tries? In what ways?。