2020年英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(8)

2020年9月大学英语四级考试阅读答案【选词填空第1套】26. H integrate27. B coincidence28. A associated29. L recognizable30. I maximizes31. N stressful32. K principal33. J natural34. M simply35. O symbolized【选词填空第2套】26.I normal27.E definitely28.D considerable29.J possibly30.B argued31.K proposition32.N tend33.C avoid34.F extreme35.G inaction【信息匹配第1套】Doctor’s orders: Let children just play36. H 段落第一句Another playtime thief37. E 段落第一句The trends have been a long time coming.38. L 段落第一句Play may not be a hard sell to kids.39.G 段落第一句Predictions aren’t the only ones who have noticed.40. D段落第一句“play is not silly behavior,”41. I 段落第一句“I respect that parents have busy lives and it’s easy to hand a child a iPhone”42.C 段落第一句The advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics43. K 段落第一句Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids.44. F 段落第一句By 200945. B 段落第一句“This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be leaned when kids aren’t told what to do”【信息匹配第2套】Why are Asian Americans Missing from out textbook?36. E 段落第一句For decades. Activists have called for schools to offer anti-racism or multicultural curricula.37. B 段落第一句My excitement was short-lived38. J 段落第一句Some teachers are finding ways to expose students to Asian=-American issues39. F 段落第一句Research into what students learn in schools has found just how much.40. H 段落第一句Teachers with multicultural background or41. D 段落第一句Our students-Asian42. K 段落第一句And despite setbacks43. G 段落第一句Worse, when Asian Americans do.44. C 段落第一句I finally had the opportunity to learn about45. I 段落第一句How race and ethnicity is taught is crucial.【仔细阅读第1套】Text 1 ：Diets46. D Attempting to meet society’s expectation of appearance47. B They have to do with people’s body weight and shape48. C Whether self-perception of body image impacts one’s workplace success49. B People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight50. A Banning discrimination on the bass of employees’ body imageText 2 ：Work-life balance51. D The concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life52. A It impacts how we think and behave.53. C We do meaningful work the contributions to society54. B It is dynamic...55. D Strive for a more fulfilling life【仔细阅读第2套】Text 1 ：Paint46. A It uses paint to create anti-pollution images47 C Raise public awareness of environmental pollution48 B He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art49 A It is simply absurd50 D They made it impossible for him to practice his artText 2 ：Housework51. C It may not turn out to be the best thing to do.52. A share family responsibilities.53. B To teach then how to manage money54. A They have a natural instinct to help around the house55. D Accept children’s early birds to help.。

2020年上半年英语四级考试阅读理解（3篇）【篇一】2020年上半年英语四级考试阅读理解A pile of wood一堆木头An old material may find a new use in batteries一种古老的原材料可能会在电池上发挥它的新用途。

ON A list of cutting-edge materials for high-tech applications, you might not expect to see wood near the top.在一个应用于高科技的尖端材料目录上，看到木材会名列前茅，你可能不会想到。

But an experiment by Teng Li and Liangbing Hu of the University of Maryland may soon put it there.但是，由马里兰大学的李腾和胡良冰所做的一个实验可能会产生这种意外情况。

For Dr Li and Dr Hu, writing in Nano Letters, have just described how wood might be used to make one class of batteries cheaper by permitting the lithium now employed in them to be replaced with sodium.根据纳米快报的报道，李博士和胡博士已经详细说明了，在得到允许的情况下，用钠取代现在制造电池的锂。

再用木材制造某一类电池可能会降低成本。

As any high-school chemist knows, lithium and sodium are chemically similar.任何一个高中的化学家都知道，锂和钠的化学性质很相似。

Sodium ions are, however, five times the size of lithium ions.不过，钠离子—在缺少一个电子的前提下，钠原子带正电—是锂离子的五倍大小。

2020年四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(8) Passage 8Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often__2__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a price within most people’s reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look__10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.A) available B) background C) different D) tallE) totally F) taken G) descriptions H) degreeI) clues J) alone K) appear L) considerM) full N) hobby O)fetched参考答案及解析：1.选J)。

2020年6月英语四级阅读练习题及答案2020年6月英语四级阅读练习题及答案Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B．, C．andD ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left,and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense offreedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path,lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance waller and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by ( 英国的路旁停车带 ). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to wall a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.56. In Britain it is very risky to __________.A．go with a single railway ticketB．listen to pop-music at the festivalC. sleep in the openD．pack together in crowds57. At the end of the festival, many young fans__________.A．were arrested by the policeB．had spent most of their moneyC．were sleeping outD．became quite penniless58. Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there arelarge__________.A．tracks through the open countryB．areas of country without soilC．areas of countryside not developedD．expanses of land where nobody works59. Public pathways are created for people to__________.A．commute to workB．enjoy long-distance walkingC. wall to maritime countiesD．visit the historic or scenic sites60. Family groups nowadays like to__________.A．have meals out of doors by the road-sideB．go for a walk away from homeC．drive out past the beautiful placesD．hear and smell the animals。

2020年大学英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(8)【阅读练习】Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikesmuch younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey bythe U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that familieswith children make up the fastest growing part of thehomeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the numberof homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there areat least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult tocount consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whomare not counted as children because they do not stay infamily shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Actof 1987, includes a section that addresses the educationalneeds of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eightiesB) many older homeless residents are going on strike in25 citiesC) there is a serious shortage of academic facilitiesD) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.A) 350,000B) 1,500,000C) 440,000D) 110,0003. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as childrenB) the homeless population is growing rapidlyC) the homeless children usually stay outside schoolD) some homeless children are deserted by their families4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.A) the educational problems of homeless children arebeing recognizedB) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determineC) the address of grade-school children should be locatedD) all homeless people are entitled to free education5. The passage mainly deals with ____.A) the legal problems of the homeless childrenB) the educational problems of homeless childrenC) the social status of older malesD) estimates on the homeless population【答案及详解】答案：C C D A B直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。

As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbcIn the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcbThere are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attainthe level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbccAs she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on yourtoes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith didnot hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcdIf the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus ismuch hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into theatmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot forman to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd。

2020年12月英语四级考试真题含答案写作（3套）第一套：changes in educationRecently, the topic of the change in the way of education has been brought into focus. According to a recent survey conducted by China Daily, a high proportion of 56.6 percent of students admitted that they had attended online courses before.There is no denying that E-learning enjoys many merits. For instance, it has made it possible for students to study whenever and wherever they want. For example, an undergraduate can even listen to lectures in his pajamas in the dormitory. However, wonderful as it is, it also brings some problems. Without a teacher’s supervision, a young student can easily be distracted. He may constantly remove his eyes from the course and focus on the tempting websites instead.In brief, taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that the changes in education brought great convenience to us. Only by making reasonable use of them can we benefit considerably.第二套：changes in transportationRecently, the topic of the changes in the way of transportation has been brought into focus. According to a recent survey conducted by China Daily, a high proportion of 56.6 percent of students admitted that .There is no denying that new kind of transportation enjoys many advantages. For example, transportation apps like Didi have brought consumers great convenience in travelling, because they have made it possible for people to go around without the trouble of waiting in a line for a bus or a taxi. However, they also bring their own problems. For instance, they pose a threat to the passengers ‘safety.Many ways can contribute to improving the safety of the new transportation. For one thing, what the consumers need to do is to equip themselves with higher awareness of security. This method enables them to avoid any potential dangers. For another, the government should impose more rigid safety standards on new way of transportation to add to the safety of people. 第三套：changes in communicationRecently, the topic of the changes in the way of communication has been brought into focus. According to a recent survey conducted by CCTV, a high proportion of 84.7 percent of people admit that they frequently use social networking websites such as Wechat and Weibo to communicate.There is no denying that those new kinds of communication enjoy many advantages. For example, they enable users to contact with old friends as well as make new friends. However, they also bring their own problems. For one thing, using them increases the risk of leaking personal information. For another, some young people who are addicted to social networking websites isolate themselves in their virtual world and even have difficulty in communicating with people in the real world.In brief, taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that the changes in communication pose both opportunities and challenges to our modern life. Only bymaking reasonable use of them can we benefit considerably.听力（2套）第一套：1. D) A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.2. B) It could pose a threat to other marine species.3. C) About half of its city center will be closed to cars .4. D) The rising air pollution in Paris .5. A) His house was burnt down in a fire.6. C) Sell the pearl he had kept for years.7. B) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.8. A) It boasts a fairly long history.9. D) It is a family business.10. B) Loss the competitive edge.11. D) Conducting a financial analysis for it.12. B) She is really impressed by the man’s house.13. C) From home design magazines.14. A)The cost was affordable.15. D) She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.16. C) Removing objects from patients' noses and ears.17. B) Five- to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.18. D) They are curious about these body parts.19. A) It gave her a used bicycle.20. A) Expanding bike-riding lessons.21. D) It is a charity organization.22. A) How animals deal with lack of gravity.23. C) They were not used to the low-gravity environment.24. B) They already felt at home in the new environment.25. C) They behaved as if they were on Earth.第二套：1. D) He did an unusual good deed.2. C) Give some money to the waiter.3. A) Whether or not to move to the state's mainland.4. B) It costs too much money.5. A) To investigate whether people are grateful for help.6. C) They held doors open for people at various places.7. B) Most people express gratitude for help.8. C) To enquire about solar panel installations.9. D) He has a large family.10. B) The cost of a solar panel installation.11. D) About five years.12. A)At a travel agency.13. D)She wanted to spend more time with her family .14. D) Two weeks .15. A) Choosing some activities herself16. D) Pay a green tax upon arrival.17. A) It has not been doing a good job in recycling.18.B) To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on bali island.19. D) Its population is now showing signs of increase.20. C) Commercial hunting.21. D) To seek breeding grounds.22. C) They consume less milk these days.23. A) It is not as healthy as once thought.24. C) They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.25. B) It provides some necessary nutrients.阅读（3套）第一套：选词填空Trust is fundamental to life...26-30 CMGAO 31-35 JKFIH26. C) essential27. M) suspicion28. G) miserable29. A) constantly30. O) watching31. J) records32. K) removed33. F) load34. I) properly35. H) pressure长篇阅读The Place Where the Poor Once Thrived36-40 HDKEG 41-45 IECHF36. According to some people living in San Jose, it has become much harder for the poor to get ahead due to the increased inequality.H定位句：Some San Jose residents gay that as inequality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve.37. In American history, immigrants used to have a good chance to move upward in society.D定位句：This is a city of immigrants——38 percent of the city's population today is foreign-born ——and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America.38. If the problems of San Jose can't be solved, one of America's fundamental beliefs about itself can be shaken.K定位句：The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America's ideas about itself. That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose raises questions about the endurance of that foundational belief.39. San Jose was among the best cities in America for poor kids to move up the social ladder.E定位句：San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark's and Canada's and higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.40. Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward is questionable.G定位句：Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate.41. San Jose's officials are resolved to give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success in life.I定位句：Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed.42. San Jose appears to manifest some of the best features of America.E定位句：Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America. 43. As far as social mobility is concerned, San Jose beat many other progressive cities in America. C定位句：San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark's and Canada's and higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.44. Due to some changes like increases in housing prices in San Jose, the prospects for its poor people have dimmed.H定位句：Given this, the future for the region's poor doesn't look nearly as bright as it once did. 45. Researchers do not have a clear idea why poor children in San Jose achieved such great success several decades ago.F定位句：But researchers aren't sure exactly why poor kids in San Jowe did so well.仔细阅读Passage One—Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health conditions.46-50 DABCD46. What are teachers complaining about?D) They lack the necessary resources to address pupils’ mental problems.47. What do we learn from the passage about community health services in Britain?A) They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.48. Where does the author suggest mental health services be placed?B) At school.49. What do we learn from the recent studies?C) Students are more comfortable seeking counseling in school.50. What does the author mean by a cultural shift (Line 2-3, Para. 6)?D) A change in the conception of what schools are?Passage Two—Picture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand...51-55 ADBCB51. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?A) To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?D) To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.53. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?B) The Economist’s promotional strategy works.54. For what purpose is “the bad option” (Line 7, Para. 3) added?C) To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?B) By comparing it with other choices.第二套：选词填空开头：When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him...26-30 BGKLC 31-35 HIDNO26. B) constant27. G) negative28. K) repeatedly29. L) rewarded30. C) disappointing31. H) outcome32. I) pattern33. D) distinguish34. N) simply35. O) undertaken长篇阅读开头：Poverty is a story about us, not them36-40 EHMJD 41-45 FNICL36. One legislative staffer assumed that a woman of color who advocated affordable childcare must be a single mother.答案：E）That moment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson ...37. People from different races, genders, and regions all suffer...答案：H) But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can’t come up38. According to a survey, while the majority believe...答案：M) According to the General Social Survey...39. A research group has found that Americans ...答案：J) The FrameWorks Institute, a research group...40. Under the old system in America, a mother was ...答案：D) If these are the central characters of our story41. It was found that nearly 50% of Americans are poor or receive low pay...答案：F) How many of us are poor in the U.S.?42. Americans usually overestimate the number of blacks receiving welfare benefit.答案：N) “Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color...43. It is impossible for Americans to lift themselves out of poverty entirely on their own.答案：I) Negative images remain of who is living in poverty ...44. Nowadays, it seems none of us can get away from income inequality.答案：C) Today’s faces of income inequality and lack of opportunity ...45. Assumptions about poor people become even more negative when they live on welfare.答案：L) Those external factors include the difficulties ...仔细阅读Passage One—Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. 46-50 ADBCD46. A）When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.47. D) Harmful conduct.48. B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.49. C) It may promote creative thinking.50. D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.Passage Two—Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention51-55 BCACD51. B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.52. C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.53. A) The government’s advocacy.54. C) Their capability of improving air quality.55.D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.第三套：选词填空开头：The things people make, and the way...26-30 KGMLO 31-35 FHADN26. K) matters27. G) flexible28. M) promised29. L) moving30. O) spared31. F) feature32. H) inevitably33. A) automation34. D) fantastic35. N) shape长篇阅读The history of the Lunch Box36-40 FJOCH41-45 LDAMI仔细阅读Passage One开头：A growing number of U.S. bike riders...46-50 CBDAD46. C) They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.47. B) The falling prices of e-bike batteries.48. D) It will make a difference in people’s daily lives.49. A) Retailers’ refusal to deal in e-bikes.50. D) The younger generation’s pursuit of comfortable riding.Passage Two开头：The terms “global warming”and "climate change"...51-55 ACDBC51. A) To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.52. C) it covers more phenomena53. D) Deliberate choice of words.54. B) For greater precision.55. C) Human activities have serious effects on Earth.翻译（3套）第一套:生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。

2020年12月英语四级真题及参考答案(完整版)Part Iwriting“Changes in Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicthe way of Transportation”. . You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文：With the social and economic development, our means of transportation have changed a lot over the last few decades, which has brought much convenience to our life.In the 1970s and 1980s, bicycles were the primary means of public transportation. Families that owned a bicycle were thought to be in relatively good economic conditions. Because of the implementation of the reform and opening policy, the economy and people’s living standards were improved a lot and travelling by private cars became more and more common in 1990s and 2000s. And thanks to the information technology, we can now enjoy bike-sharing service and online ride-hailing service which help to makeour journey more economical and flexible.We have enough reason to believe that our way of transportation could be more and more economically friendly and intelligent.Part II Listening ComprehensionPart ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B). C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through she centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.B) Invasive species are driving away certain native species.C) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.D)Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.2.A)It could add to greenhouse emissions.B)It could disrupt the food chains there.C)It could pose a threat to other marine species.D) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.C) Spend a few nights on a small island.D) Sell the pearl he had kept for years.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) cars will not be allowed to enter the city.B) About half of its city center will be closed to cars.C) Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.D) Pedestrians will have free access to the city.4.A)The rising air pollution in Paris.B) The worsening global warming.C The ever-growing cost of petrol.D) The unbearable traffic noise.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A)Many of his possessions were stolen.B) His house was burnt down in a fire.C) His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.D) His good luck charm sank into the sea.6.A) Change his fishing locations.B) Find a job in a travel agency.C))Spend a few nights on a small islandD)Sell the pearl he had kept for years7.A)A New Year museumB) The largest pearl in the world weighsC) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.D) His pearl could be displayed in a museum.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)Itboasts a fairly long history.B) It produces construction materials.C) It has 75 offices around the world.D) It has over 50 business partners.9. A) It has about 50 employees.B) It was started by his father.C) It has a family business.D) It is over 100 years old.10. A) Shortage of raw material supply.B) Legal disputes in many countries.C) Outdated product design.D) Loss of competitive edge.11. A) Conducting a financial analysis forit.B) Providing training for its staff members.C) Seeking new ways to increase is exports.D) Introducing innovative marketing strategies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) She is a real expert at house decorations.B) She is well informed about the design business.C) She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.D) She is really impressed by the man’s house.13. A) From his younger brother Greg.B) From home design magazines.C) From a construction businessman.D) From a professional interior designer.14. A)The effort was worthwhile.B) The style was fashionable .C) The cost was affordable.D)The eft was unexpected.15.A) She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.B)She wants him to share his renovation experience with herC) She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.D) She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the your choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark heAnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.corresponding letter on A nswerSheetQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Providing routine care for small children.B) Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.C) Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.D) Removing objects from patients’noses andears.17. A) Many children like to smell things they find or play with.B) Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.C) Five-to nine-year-olds are the mos likely to put things in their ears.D) Children aged one to four a often more curious than older children.18. A) They tend to act out of impulse.B) They want to attract attentions.C) They are unaware of the potential risks.D) They are curious about these body parts.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It paid for her English lessons.B) It gave her a used bicycle.C) It delivered her daily necessities.D) It provided her with physical therapy.20. A) Expanding bike-riding lessons.B) Asking local people for donations.C) Providing free public transport.D) Offering walking tours to visitors.21.A) It is a language school.B) It is a charity organization.C)It is a counseling center.D) It is a sports club.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) How mice imitate human behavior a space.B) How low gravity affects the human body.C) How mice interact in a new environment.D)How animals deal with lack of gravity.23.A)They were not use to the low-gravity cnvironment.B)They found it difficult to figure out where they were.C) They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.D) They were not sensitive to the changed environment.24.A) They tried every thing possible to escape from the cage.B) They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.C) They already felt at home in the new environment.D) They had found a lot more activities to engage in.25.A) They repeated their activities every day.B) They behaved as if they were on Earth.C) They begin to eat less after some time.D) They changed their routines in space.听力原文：Listening ComprehensionSection ANews report 1A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean.Nativeto the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people.Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stoppeople breathing. The fish,often known as Devil Fire fish, is a highly invasive species.And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life.After being spotted in the Mediterranean,a marine scientist says,"The fish is spreading,and that's a cause for concern."Q1: What is reported in the news?Q2: What is the environmentalists' concern of the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?News report 2[Q3]Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day.[Q4]This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time.Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car Free Day last year.Hidalgo also has supported a Paris Breathes Day. On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road.About400 miles of streets will be closed to cars.It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels."Last year's car-free day showed a 40% drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city, according to an independent air pollution monitor", reports the Guardian,"and some levels dropped by50%in the city centre.'Q3: What will happen on World Car Free Day in Paris?Q4:What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car Free Day in her city?News report 3A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then,a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at f76 million.The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum,only weighs 14 pounds.That is five times smaller than the pearl that the fisher man just handed in.The monstrous pearl, measured at1foot wide and 2.2 feet long, is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town.O5: What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?Q6: What was the fisherman forced to do?Q7:What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?Section BLong conversation 1WOMAN: Mr. Smith, It’s a pleasure meeting you!Man: Nice to meet you, too. What can I do for you?WOMAN: Well, I’m here to show you what our firm can do for you. Astro Consultants has branches in over fifty countries, offer ing different business services. We’re a global company with 75 years of history. And our clients include some of the world’s largest companies【8】.MAN: Thank you, Mrs. Houston. I know Astro Consultants is a famous company. But you said you would show me what you could do for me. Well. What exactly can your firm do for my company?WOMAN: We advise businesses on all matters, from market analysis to legal issues. Anything a business like yours could meet. Our firm offers expert advice. Could I ask you, Mr. Smith, to tell me a little about your company and the challenges you face? That way, I could better respond as to how we can help you.Man: OK, sure. This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950. We employ just over 100 people. We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions. Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design. And that’s what we do in our factory【9】. Our main challengeis that our national currency is rising, and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India 【10】.WOMAN: I see. That’s very interesting. I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of【11】That way, we could offer theyour company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India.best advice on different ways forward for you.Q8: What do we learn about the woman’s company?Q9: What does the man say about his own company?Q10: What is the main problem with the man’s company?Q11: What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’scompany?Long conversation 2Woman: Wow, congratulations, Simon! The place looks absolutely amazing!Man: Really? You think so?W: Of course. I love it. It looks like you had a professional interior designer. But you didn’t, did you?myself with a little help from my brother, Greg. He’s actually in the constructionM: No. I did it all bybusiness, which was really helpful.W: Honestly, I’m impressed! I know I can probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn’t know where to start.[12]M: Well, for a while now, I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines. Every now and then, I’d saved the pictures I liked. Believe it or not, I have a full notebook of magazine pages. [13] Since by overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg’s help, it was very achievable.W: Wasn’t it expensive? I have imagined a project like this could be.M: Actually, it was surprisingly affordable. I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material. [14] Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well.W: Great! If you don’t mind, I’d like to pick your brain a bit more. Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we’d love to get some inspiration from your experience. [15] Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week?Q12: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?）Q13: Where did the man get his ideas for the project?Q14: What did the man say about the project he recently completed?Q15: Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?Section CPassage 1Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost E3m year , a studysuggests.[Q16]Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases-95% of objects removed from noses and 85%from ears.Every year, an average of 1,218nose and2,479ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors fora foreign object in their nose.Five to nine year old come to the hospital with something in their ear the most. Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.[Q17]According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears. This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects.[Q18]Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults.Batteries can pose a particular danger.In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.Q16:What does England spend an annual E3m on?Q17:What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?Q18:What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?Passage 2Good morning, I’d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle. But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Leila Rahimi. She was so scared when she first moved to New Zeal-and that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarketfor basic supplies. After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to join a local bike club. At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle.[Q19] In weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom.To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars.[Q20] With a bike, you can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day that used to spend on walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just one hour. Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers. [Q21] Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult as an adult, and this can take days and weeks, rather than hours. So, if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at Re Bicycle and mak e a difference in someone’s life.Q19: What did Re Bicycle do to help Leila Rahimi?Q20: What is Re Bicycle doing to help those in need?Q21: What do we learn from the passage about the Re Bicycle?Passage 3Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have been studying how other（22）. The results are both interesting and species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on micehumorous.The scientists first send some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station. The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. (23) However, it’s not long before the mice begin to catch on. They adapt remarkablywell to their new environment and even using the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage.That’s when things really get wild. The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. (24) Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls.The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth. The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. (25)Q22 What do Nasa scientists want to learn about?Q23 What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?Q24 What was observed about the mice on the 11th day of the experiment?Q25 What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment?Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section A（第1套）Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ton blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When my son completes a task, I can’t help but praise him. It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due,right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from 26 praise as much as we’d like to think.“Parents often praise, believing theyare building their child’s self-confidence.However,over-praising can have a 27 effect,” says Phillip.“Whenwe use the same praise 28 , it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be 29 with praise.This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of 30 their parents.”Docs this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no,“The key to healthy praise is 1o focus on the process rather than the 31 it is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which t hey achieved something, that is essential,”she says, “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”So how do we break the 32 of praise we’re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to 33 between “person praise”and “process raise”.“Person praise is 34 saying how great someone is. It’s a formpersonal approval. Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts te person has just 35 . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.A) chooseB) constantC) disappointingD) distinguishE) exhaustingF) experiencedG) negativeH) outcomeI ) patternJ) pluralK) repeatedlyL) rewardedM) separatelyN) simplyO) undertaken答案：26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.OSection BPoverty is a story about us, not them[A] Too often still we think we know the poverty looks like. It's the way we've been taught, the images we’ve been forced-fed decades. The chronically homeless. The undocumented immigrant. The urban poor, usually personified as a woman of color, the"welfare queen" politicians still too often reference.[B] But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States, even in the midst of a record economic expansions,.those familiar images are outdated, hurtful and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.IC] Today 's faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us. It's Anna Landre, a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow-her the freedom to live her lifelt's Tiffanie Standard, a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be techentrepreneurs — but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat.It's Ken Outlaw, a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation,[D] If these arc the central characters of our story about poverty. what layers of perceptions, myths, and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support? In pursuit of revealing thiscomplicated reality,Mothering Justice, led by women of color, went last year to the state capital in Lansing, Michigan, to lobby on issues that affect working mothers.One of the Mothering Justiceorganizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare - the vestiges (痕迹)) of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked, A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns, telling her“my husband took care of that -l stayed home.”[E] That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson., "was meant to shame" and relied on the familiar trope that a woman of color concemed about income inequality and programs thatpromote mobility must by definition be a single mom, probably with multiple kids.,In this case.Mothering Justice activist happened to be married.And in most cases in the America of 2019, the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicatedreality: poverty touches virtually all of us. The face of income inequality, for all but a very few of us, is the one we each see in the mirror.[F] How many of us are poor in the U.S.? It depends on who you ask. According to the Census Bureau,38 million people in the U.S. are living below the official poverty thresholds,Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,the Institute for Policy Studies found that 140 million peoplc are poor or low-income. That's almost half the U.S population.[G] Whatever the measure,within that massive group, poverty is extremely diverse.We know that some people are more affected than others, like children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and people of color.[H] But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with $400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race, gender, and geography.It evenreaches into the middle classes, as real wages have stagnated (不增长) for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.[I] Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own effort and change a bad situation into a good one. The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families,friends. schools ，, and community is virtually impossible.And the playing field is nothing close to level.[J] The Frame Works institute, a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom."People view economic success and well being in life as product of choice, willpower, drive, grit, and gumption,"says NatKendall-Taylor, CEO of Frame Works. “When we see people who are struggling.” he says, those assumptions “lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy. they don’t care, and they haven 't made the right decisions.”[K] Does this sound familiar? Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S.And these assumptions wreak havoc on reality."When people enter into that pattern of thinking," says Kendall-Taylor," it 's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way. It creates a kind of cognitive blindness - all of the factors external to a person 's drive and choices that they've made become invisible and fade fromv iew.”Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work ot struetual discrimination based on race,gender, or ability. Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive. There is a great tension between "the poor" and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word:"welfare."According to the General Social Survey, 7l percent of respondents believe the contry is spending too little on a"welfare":37 percent believe we are spending too much,[N] "Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color - specifically black women and black mothers," says Atkinson of Mothering Justice. It's true that black mothers are more affected by poverty，Americansthan many other groups,yet they are disproportionately the face of poverty.For exampleroutinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs.[O] In reality, most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives. Indeed, people tend to dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.[P] Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.答案：36.[E] That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"37.[H] But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with $400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason: economic instability stretches across race,gender ,and geography.38.[M]According to the General Social Survey,71 percent ofrespondents believe the country is spending too little on"assistance to the poor. "39.[J] The Frame Works Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereo types and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom40.[D] lf these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?。

2020年12月英语四级仔细阅读练习题及答案Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this secaon. Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements- For each ofthem there arefour choices marked A.， B., C.andD.. You shouM decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre-Passage OneQuesaons 56 to60 are based on thefollowingpassage.When it comes to noise cancelling headphones, sometimes the best offense is a good defense. While there are plenty of active noise cancelling headphones that use a complex(and pricey)method to block distracting sounds, there are simpler ways• How about headphones with a snug fit that simply plug up your ear canals?This process is called passive isolation- It, s not uncommon for a consumer faced with the choice between the descriptors “passive” and “active“ to choose the stronger- sounding technology,but great passive isolation can be just as effective and cost a lot less-The AKG K323 XS headphones ($59 MSRP)are just such a pair- Sleek and portable, they produce a huge sound marked with prominent bass, supportive mids, and very healthy highs. They' re also the best passive isolators thatwe' ve tested in a long time. Like most in-ears, the XS headphones are quite small and simply designed, available inwhite, blue, orange. yellow, green一the list goes on. The Android version packs a one-button universal remote, and theresalso a three- button version for iOS. The XS' s teeny form factor, featherweight frame, and small carry case are additional on. the- go perks （特权享受）•The cable is simple, but of decent quality, Its shorter than most cords一just 3. 5 feet一which may or may not be desirable depending on how you use them.Ears come in all different shapes, and so do the speaker covers. AKG includes four different options： extra small, small, medium, and large-In the audio test labs- these AKGs proved to be a straight- A student- Thanks to moderate bass notes and very prominent middle and high notes, music sounds both full and balanced- From classical, to jazz, to hip hop,every genre benefits from this even-handed sound quality- Listeners will enjoy big, thumping bass that doesn' t obscure subtler insmunents like violin and piano. These tiny in. ears aced distortion tests, to—you won' t find one drop of unwantedor distorted sound.The K323 XS really shines, even in a crowded market. It' s hard to pick which glowing attribute to praise first： The massive, well- balanced sound stage?The distortion, freelistening experience?The$59 price tag?The monster isolation?The tiny,portable design?These AKGs are simply aces（王牌），and online sale prices of around$40 kick everything up another notch （等级）•56.What can you learn from the first two paragraphs?A.All active isolators are technically complex.B.Consumers are more likely to choose active isolators-C.Passive isolation isn' t as effective as the active one.D.Consumers prefer those low-priced passive isolators.57.What are the extra perks of XS?A. The tiny shapeo feathery frame and little carrying case.B.Its sleekness and portability.C. The simple design and various colors-D.Its qualified cable and different sizes.58.What are the advantages ofAKG' s sound?A.Great sound effect-B.Prominent music pitches.C.Distortion-free.D. Both A, B and C.59.What does the author mean by saying “kick everything up another notch M (Last line of the last Para. )?A.The online sale price ofAKG has made its characteristics more valuable.B.The online sale price of AKG has devalued its characteristics.C.The online sale price ofAKG has made the headphones devalued.D.The online sale price ofAKG has cut a gap on its character!sties.60.Which of 也 e following statements is TRUE?A.AKG K323 XS headphones are a kind of active isolators•B.Active isolators can distort sound.C.The author is in favor ofAKG headphones.D. Consumers can' t choose the sizes ofAKGs to fit their ears.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on thefollowingpassage.Milleunials（千禧——代）have a reputation for being pretty savvy（聪慧的）with technology and social media --- n ot tomention their finances ---- - but today, s young adults areclueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit.A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge. Not that older generationsare whiz kids when it comes to credit -----------------------just over 40%of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures, for instance一but millennials have the dubious distinction（区别）of being even less-informed than other age groups-Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report, as compared to about three, quarters of older people surveyed-They' re more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring, that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit (by and large, they Can' t)• And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt, declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit, only 6%got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score.Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reachingthis impact is ： Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies, cell phone carders, mortgage lenders and home insurers landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumers credit when doing business with them.They' re also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit- just 1 5%knew that a bad credit score could cost morethan$5, 000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan.One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not- mey' ve actually goRen their free credit report (if you' re one of the many who haven' t, you can do so at annualcreditreport• corn). Interestingly,people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores.u Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores. " CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement. "It' s so easy togo online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores- "61.What does the word "whiz kids“ mean(Line 3- Para- 2)?A.Children who are very naughty.B.Children who are a little dull-C.Children who are extraordinarily smart•D.Children who quite sensitive.62.What do the millennials think of credit?A.Credit scoring has nothing to do with age-B.Declaring bankruptcy can lead to bad credit data.ernment will never track a consumer , s credit.D.It doesn' t matter if you have any credit card debt or not.63.Which of the following statement about credit report is TRUE?A.You can get a free copy ofyour credit report from the website.B.People interested in credit report can' t be interested in credit scores.C.People with credit reports have little knowledge of credit scores.D.Getting the copy of credit report may discourage people to leam more about credit-64.What can be inferred from this passage?A. Millennials prefer to get their credit reports than to have credit scores-B.You can ask credit repair services to fix your credit.C.Despite of bad credit, a mortgage lender Will trade with you.D. With bad credit,you' 11 have to pay a higher loan interest.65.What' s the main idea ofthis passage?lennials are not smart enough to learn about credit •lennials should learn more about credit scores.lennials should get their credit reports.leunials should realize the consequences ofbad credit.56.What can you learn from the first two paragraphs?从文章前两段你能够知道什么？A.All active isolators are technically complex. 所有的主动噪音隔离器技术上都很复杂。

参考答案及解析一、2020年7月四级作文题目解析主题：翻译软件---互联网应用时间分配：30分钟字数要求：不少于120，不多于180参考范文The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular. Translation apps are easy to transferred different languages, which satisfies people daily needs. As a result, people are getting more opportunities to meet with another language conveniently. Undoubtedly, an app of translation is crucial for people who cannot handle the language perfectly. But the viewpoints are split one whether this kind of apps are wholly a good thing.As a famous saying says, every coin has two sides. Some people argue that a translation app will bridge themselves with the native speakers adequately for a traveler or a businessman. It would pose a huge threat for people who cannot understand local speakers’ language. Fortunately, everyone is access with the apps like this. While, others think that the translations app cannot fully create and convey the feelings as the authentic language intends to do. Consequently, it will bring more misunderstandings. Besides, the opponents take the point of view that people will be more over-reliant on the mobile-phones and Internet.As far as I am concerned, I would just take the translation apps as a reference rather than a kind of dependence. The most effective and beneficial way to express yourself and communicate with a foreigner is to improve one’s ability to exert this unfamiliar language. As an old saying goes is Practice makes perfect.范文参考译文：翻译应用程序的使用变得越来越流行。

大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2020年12月大学英语四级阅读真题及答案2020年12月大学英语四级阅读真题及答案Section AWith the world’s population estimated to grow from sixto nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 47________ will be the demandfor energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48________, sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major 49________ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are 50________ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51________ in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that, even when 52________, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s energy needs by 2050.For example, even with 53________ investments, such asthe $93 million for wind energy development 54________ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55________ only about 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56________ --- both traditional and alternative.A stableB solutionsC significantD roleE progressF marvelousG includedH growthI exactlyJ consistK comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly查看参考答案47. N) challenges48. A) stable49. E) progress50. O) certainly51. D) role52. M) combined53. C) significant54. G) included55. K) comprise56. B) solutionsSection BPassage OneBoys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, theabsence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers forfailing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading andwriting with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in。

2020年专四真题及答案完整版2020年的专四考试已经于近日结束，各位备考学子也纷纷拿到了成绩。

不过，对于没有参加考试的人来说，或是那些想要查看答案的同学，本文为大家提供了2020年专四真题及答案完整版。

第一部分：听力部分听力部分一共有四个听力题，每个题目分别包含5个小题。

以下为2020年专四听力部分的内容及答案：听力一题目：Summer Vacation1. What is the woman going to do for her summer vacation?答案：D. Hang out with friends.2. Why doesn't the man plan to travel to Europe?答案：C. It's too expensive.3. What does the man suggest the woman do instead?答案：A. Help out with a volunteer project.4. What does the woman think of the idea?答案：B. She's interested.5. What is the man doing for his summer vacation?答案：D. Taking a summer course.听力二题目：New Job1. Why did the woman leave her previous job?答案：C. She wasn't challenged enough.2. What does the woman say about her new job?答案：D. It has better benefits.3. What is the man's opinion of the woman's new company?答案：B. It's well-respected.4. What is the woman's new title?答案：A. Chief Financial Officer.5. What does the woman plan to do in her new position?答案：C. Increase profits.听力三题目：Healthy Eating1. What did the woman used to eat for breakfast?答案：B. Toast and jam.2. Why did the woman start eating more healthily?答案：A. She wants to lose weight.3. What does the man suggest the woman eat for breakfast?答案：C. Fruit and yogurt.4. What kind of drinks does the woman now avoid?答案：D. Sugary drinks.5. What has the woman noticed since she started eating healthier?答案：B. She has more energy.听力四题目：New Neighborhood1. Why is the man moving to a new neighborhood?答案：B. His job is relocating.2. What does the woman say about the new neighborhood?答案：D. It's safe and has good schools.3. What does the man think about having a longer commute?答案：A. He doesn't mind.4. What does the woman suggest the man do to meet new people?答案：C. Join a community group.5. What does the man say about his new house?答案：B. It has a lot of natural light.第二部分：阅读部分阅读部分的题目共有三个，每个题目分别包含3篇文章。

2020年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案2020年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案2020年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millionsof American youngsters. But 47 a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 48 is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity(肥胖症). Burger King, the nation’s second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 49 automatically including French friesand soda in its kids’ meals starting th is month, althoughthey will still be 50. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 51 such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals.“We’re asking the customers to 52 what they want,” said CraigPrus her, the chain’s vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a 53 of menu options, including Denny’s, Chili’s, Friendly’s and Chevy’s.As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced 54 Wednesday—participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children’s meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路⾥), no soft drinks and at least two 55 from the following food groups： fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 56, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35%of its calories from sugar.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

大学英语四级（阅读）练习试卷8(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota(配额) for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year. A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an interesting theory called “risk homeostasis(自我平衡)”. According to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer. the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. it appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger. In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions: eating the right foods, not smoking, driving with care. You must also have the fight attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons’personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.1．What social scientists have long felt puzzled about is ______.A．why a quota for each type of death has not come into beingB．why the mortality rate can not be predictedC．why the death toll remains stable year after yearD．why people lose their lives every year for this or that mason正确答案：C解析：细节题。

2020年12月四级试题答案Part II听力1.A)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.2.C)lt could poses a threat to other marine species.3.B)About half of its city center will be closed to ears.4.A)The rising air pollution in Paris5.B)His houses has burnt down in a fire.6.D)Sell the pearl he had kept for years.7.B)His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.8.A)It boasts a fairly long history.9.C)lt is a family business.10.D)Loss of competitive edge.11.A)Conducting a financial analysis for it.12.D)She is really impressed by the man's house.13.B)From home design magazine.14.C)The cost was affordable.15.B)She wants him to share his renovation experiences with her.16.D)Removing objects from patients' noses and ears. 17.C)Five to nine-year-olds were the most likely to put things in their ears.18.D)They are curious about these body parts.19.B)lt gave her a used bicycle.20.A)Expanding bike-riding lessons.21.B)lt is a charity organization.22.D) How animals deal with lack of gravity.23.A)They were not used to the low-gravity environment. 24.C)They already felt at home in the new environment. 25.B)They behaved as if they were on Earth.二、阅读选词填空：The things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline,and influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the world’s factories matters.And that disruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitized, filled with new sensors and new computers to make them quicker, more flexible, and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that sur-round them, learning new skills, and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long promised world where you can make anything, any-where, from a computerized design. That visions moving closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories, producing better goods at lower prices, personalized to our individual needs and desires. Humans will be spared many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a feature of factory life.Greater efficiency inevitably means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in many developed countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers - and see automation and robots as a solution.But economist Helena Laurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a fantastic op-opportunity to make the world a better place. “Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the biggest source of innovation, the biggest source of economic growth, and the biggest source of great jobs in the past."you can see it changing. That’s an opportunity to shape that system differently, and if we can, it will have enormous significance."26. K) matters27. G) flexible28. M)promised29.L) moving30.O)spared31.F) feature32. H) inevitably33.A) automation34.D) fantastic35. N) shape段落匹配+仔细阅读：[段落匹配]36. F37. J38.O39. C40.H41.L42.D43.A44.M45.I【仔细阅读】46、CThey did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.47、BThe falling prices of bike batteries.48、Dlt will make a difference in people’s daily lives.49、ARetailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.50、DThe younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.51、ATo sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.52、Cit covers more phenomena53、DDeliberate choice of words54、BFor political findings55、CHuman activities have serious effects on Earth.阅读第二套[阅读第二套]选词填空26.C essential27.M suspicion28.G miserable29.A constantly30.O watching31.Jrecords32.K removed33.F load34.l prpperly35.H pressure段落匹配36、HSome San Jose residents ...37、DThe reasons kids in San Jose...38、Kthe idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top ...39、Bindeed, data suggests that this is one of the best place...40、Gthe Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered ...41、lleaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that...42、Eindeed, the streets of San Joe seem,43、CBy contrast, just 4.4 percent of poor kids...44、HSome San Joes residents say that as ...45、FBut researchers aren't sure exactly why poor kidskin...仔细阅读46.DThey lack the necessary resources to address pupil’s mental problems.47.AThey have deteriorated due to budget cuts.48.BAt school.49.CStudents are more comfortable seeking counsel-ling in school.50.DA change in conception of what schools are.51.ATo illustrate people's peculiar shopping be-haviour.52.DTo make customers believe they are getting a bargain.53.BThe economist's print attract more consumers.54.CTo trap customers into buying the more pricey item.55.BBy comparing it with other choices.阅读第三套[阅读第三套]选词填空26.B constant27.G negative28.K repeatedly29.L rewarded30.C disappointing31.H outcome32.I pattern33.D distinguish34.N simply35.O undertaken段落匹配36.EThe comment, says37.HBut the fact that 4 in 10 ...38.MAccording to the General Social Survey...39.JThe frameworks institute...40.Dlf these are the central characters of our story about poverty...41.FHow many of us are poor in. ...42.N "Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color"...43.INegative images remain of who is living in poverty...44.CTodays' faces of income inequality and lack of opportunity ...45.LThose external factors include ...仔细阅读46.AWhen they don't have the chance to do what they want.47.DHarmful conduct48.BMany volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom49.CIt may promote creative thinking.50.DAllow oneself some time to be bored.51.BForests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.52.CThose that used to have the lowest forest cover-age.53.AThe government's advocacy.54.CTheir capability of improving air quality.55.DDeveloped and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.三、翻译团圆饭春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。

2020年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案2020年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案【参考答案】36、N。

saw 第一空显然缺少谓语，优先考虑动词，结合语义并根据Late November and December能够推出应选择过去式动词，故答案锁定saw。

37、F。

decades 根据two，首选复数名词，结合语义，“ for the first time in the two decades”，二十年来头一次。

38、H。

globally 句子为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，所以首选副词和形容词，根据语义，ever表示“一直以来地、向来地”，“十一月向来是世界范围内最温暖的一个月。

”39、D。

chances 缺少主语，并且谓语是are，所以首选复数形式的名词，结合前文Enjoy the snow now，“享受现在的雪吧”，因为“时机是好的”。

40、J。

occurs 空格前方有主语，且是单数形式，而后面由when 引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时，所以主句谓语锁定第三人称单数形式的动词，只能选择occurs。

41、A。

specific空格左为定冠词the，空格右为名词，中间只能选形容词，选择“特定的”符合语义。

42、B。

associated 空格左为be动词，右边为介词with，中间只能是形容词或动词的过去分词形式，be associated with表示“与…有联系”，符合原意。

43、G。

experiences 空格左为主语southern Africa，空格内应该为动词的第三人称单词形式，结合语义，选G，“南非经历着干燥的天气。

44、M。

reduce 空格左为情态动词，空格内必须为动词原形，填reduce“减少”符合原题。

45、K。

populations 空格与左边的large fish 共同构成动词support的宾语，只能选一个名词来作为名词词组，故选K，“大量的鱼群”。

【参考答案及解析】61题，定位到第一段最后一句“varies by culture”，所以答案选A——They are culture-related。