Study on corrosion resistance of the BTESPT silane cooperating with rare earth cerium on the surface

材料测试方法英语以下是一些常见的材料测试方法的英文表达：1. Tensile Testing（拉伸测试）：A method of testing the mechanical properties of materials under tension.2. Hardness Testing（硬度测试）：A method of measuring the resistance of a material to indentation or scratching.3. Impact Testing（冲击测试）：A method of testing the ability of a material to absorb energy during sudden loading.4. Fatigue Testing（疲劳测试）：A method of testing the behavior of materials under repeated cyclic loading.5. Non-destructive Testing（无损检测）：A method of testing materials without causing damage to the test specimen.6. Corrosion Testing（腐蚀测试）：A method of testing the resistance of materials to chemical or electrochemical attack.7. Thermal Testing（热测试）：A method of testing the response of materials to heat or temperature changes.8. Microscopy（显微镜检测）：A method of examining materials at a microscopic level to analyze their structure and properties.9. Spectroscopy（光谱学）：A method of analyzing materials by studying the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.10. X-ray Testing（X射线检测）：A method of testing materials using X-ray radiation to evaluate internal structure and defects.。

三价铬钝化中英文对照Hexavalent chromium passivation is a common surface treatment method used to enhance the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces, such as stainless steel, aluminum, and zinc. By converting the surface of the metal into an inert and protective chromium oxide layer, the passivation process helps prevent the metal from corroding when exposed to harsh environmental conditions.三价铬钝化是一种常见的表面处理方法，用于提高金属表面（如不锈钢、铝和锌）的耐蚀性。

通过将金属表面转化为惰性和保护性的氧化铬层，钝化过程有助于防止金属在恶劣环境条件下发生腐蚀。

Despite its effectiveness in preventing corrosion, hexavalent chromium passivation has raised concerns due to the potential health and environmental risks associated with hexavalent chromium compounds. Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen and can have harmful effects on human health if inhaled or ingested. Additionally, the disposal of hexavalent chromium waste poses environmental challenges as it can contaminate soil and water sources.尽管三价铬钝化在防止腐蚀方面非常有效，但由于与六价铬化合物相关的潜在健康和环境风险，引起了人们的担忧。

第53卷第5期2024年5月人㊀工㊀晶㊀体㊀学㊀报JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS Vol.53㊀No.5May,2024钛基材Pt 涂层接触电阻及耐蚀性能研究宋㊀洁1,2,梁丹曦1,2,岳㊀骆2,3,徐桂芝1,2,胡㊀晓2,常㊀亮2,徐㊀超1(1.华北电力大学,能源动力与机械工程学院,北京㊀102206;2.先进输电技术全国重点实验室(国网智能电网研究院有限公司),北京㊀102209;3.清华大学,高端装备界面科学与技术全国重点实验室,北京㊀100084)摘要:质子交换膜(PEM)电解制氢系统因具有宽范围㊁快速动态响应能力,在新能源消纳㊁电网调峰等领域具有广阔的应用前景㊂为了提升制氢电解堆电传输性能,降低接触电阻,本文利用磁控溅射技术制备了钛毡和钛板上的Pt 涂层,并对这些涂层进行了研究,探究了制备工艺对薄膜的微观结构㊁传输性能和耐蚀性能的影响㊂研究发现,最佳磁控溅射工艺包括等离子清洗时间20min,溅射时间10min,以及溅射功率100W㊂在接触电阻方面,镀有铂的钛毡表现出优异的接触电阻性能㊂通过SEM 和EDS 测试分析,发现随着功率和时间的增加,Pt 颗粒的尺寸逐渐增大㊂然而,当颗粒尺寸过大时,Pt 颗粒之间发生相互挤压,导致微小裂纹的产生,从而影响Pt 涂层耐蚀性能㊂这些研究结果对于优化PEM 制氢电解堆的性能,提高其稳定性具有重要意义㊂关键词:Pt 涂层;PEM 膜电解制氢;磁控溅射;工艺参数;微观结构;接触电阻;耐蚀性能中图分类号:TG174.4㊀㊀文献标志码:A ㊀㊀文章编号:1000-985X (2024)05-0873-09Study on the Conductive and Corrosion-Resistant Properties of Pt Coatings on Titanium SubstratesSONG Jie 1,2,LIANG Danxi 1,2,YUE Luo 2,3,XU Guizhi 1,2,HU Xiao 2,CHANG Liang 2,XU Chao 1(1.School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co.,Ltd.),Beijing 102209,China;3.State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)㊀㊀收稿日期:2023-11-22㊀㊀基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4000100);国家电网有限公司科技资助项目(521532220014);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(C 档)(GZC20231287)㊀㊀作者简介:宋㊀洁(1982 ),女,河北省人,教授级高工㊂E-mail:songjie_bj@ ㊀㊀通信作者:徐㊀超,教授㊂E-mail:mechxu@Abstract :Proton exchange membrane (PEM)water electrolysers for hydrogen production boast a wide range of flexible and adjustable capabilities,including fast dynamic responses.They hold extensive potential in fields like new energy consumption and power grid peak shaving.To enhance the electrical transmission performance and minimize the contact resistance of the water electrolyser stack,this study employs magnetron sputtering technology to deposit Pt coatings on titanium felt and titanium plates.Scholarly investigation has increasingly adopted innovative methodologies like magnetron sputtering to develop advanced electrode materials.Central to this research is an in-depth examination of the effects of magnetron-sputtered Pt coatings on titanium felts and plates.The study meticulously analyzed these coatings to elucidate their microstructural characteristics,transport properties,and corrosion-resistance.Rigorous experimentation determined the optimal sputtering parameters:a 20min plasma cleaning phase,a 10min sputtering period,and a power input of 100watts.These precise conditions yielded coatings with notable performance attributes.Specifically,the study highlighted a significant reduction in contact resistance for platinum-coated titanium felts,demonstrating the sputtering technique s ability to enhance charge transfer kinetics efficiently.Analysis of the platinum particle dynamics employed SEM and EDS,revealing that increased sputtering power and duration led to larger platinum particles.However,maintaining a balance is crucial,as excessive particle enlargement may induce compressive forces between particles,causing micro-fissures that could compromise the coatings corrosion-resistance.In conclusion,the insights derived from this research are instrumental in improving the overall efficiency and durability of PEM874㊀研究论文人工晶体学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第53卷electrolysis systems.By optimizing the fabrication process and understanding the relationship between deposition parameters and material characteristics,this study makes a significant contribution to advancing robust hydrogen production technologies, further supporting the integration of clean energy solutions.Key words:Pt coating;PEM water electrolysers for hydrogen production;magnetron sputtering;process parameter; microstructure;contact resistance;corrosion-resistant property0㊀引㊀㊀言新能源主导的新型电力系统肩负着能源转型的重要使命,作为清洁低碳㊁高效安全的能源体系组成部分[1-2]㊂然而,由于新能源的波动性和负荷的随机性相互叠加,电力系统的能量/功率平衡问题逐渐凸显,威胁着系统的稳定运行[3-4]㊂在这种情况下,寻找可调节的负荷成为解决方案之一,将可再生能源转化为氢能被认为是支持高比例新能源电网能量/功率平衡,保障能源系统安全的关键方法之一[5]㊂氢能具有绿色无碳㊁适于长期存储等特点,是构建低碳高效现代能源体系的关键媒介[6]㊂质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane,PEM)电解水制氢因出色的动态调节能力,能够支撑可再生能源的消纳,平抑波动性和间歇性等特点,具有巨大潜力[7-8]㊂PEM电解水制氢中的核心部件,如双极板和多孔传输层,在酸性㊁高电压工作环境下容易受到腐蚀,最终影响其性能,从而影响整个电解堆的欧姆阻抗[9-10]㊂铂涂层作为PEM电解堆最常用的涂层之一,成功降低了欧姆阻抗,提升了接触性能,从而优化了电解堆的性能[11-12]㊂然而,目前关于铂涂层的研究主要集中在制备方法和表面性能测试方面,对于工艺参数等方面的研究相对较少㊂磁控溅射表面处理技术作为一种物理气相沉积工艺,具有能量高[13-14]㊁结合力强[15-16]㊁膜层致密[17]㊁溅射速率高[18]㊁基底升温小和环保等特点[19]㊂本研究利用磁控溅射技术,系统研究了不同等离子清洗时间㊁功率和时间等工艺参数对钛毡和极板涂层性能的影响规律㊂通过接触电阻测试㊁扫描电镜,以及电化学测试等手段,深入分析了涂层的电学和力学性能㊂本文的研究成果有助于更好地理解涂层制备过程中的关键参数对性能的影响,为优化电解堆的设计和性能提供了有力的支持㊂1㊀实㊀㊀验1.1㊀实验原料和制备方法本次实验选用了钛毡(贝卡尔特有限公司)及直径为13mm的工业TA1圆片作为基材(陕西盈高金属材料有限公司)㊂在制备样品之前,首先通过磨抛机(UNIPOL-1502自动精密研磨抛光机,沈阳科晶自动化设备有限公司)对圆片进行打磨处理,设置转速为300r/min,打磨至达到3000目(5nm)的细度㊂接着,将样品置于无水乙醇中进行超声处理,时间为15min,然后进行烘干,为后续的溅射制备做好准备㊂本实验使用磁控溅射仪(Moorfield-MiniLab S060M,英国Quantum Design公司)㊂所用的靶材纯度达到99.99%,尺寸为ϕ76.2mmˑ3mm,使用高纯氩气作为反应气体㊂在样品和靶材之间,设置了45ʎ的夹角㊂在进行镀膜前,通过等离子清洗对样品进行了彻底的清洁,然后进行了溅射沉积㊂具体的沉积工艺参数如表1所示㊂表1㊀不同样品的磁控溅射工艺参数Table1㊀Magnetron sputtering process parameters of different samplesSample Time/min Power/W Pressure/(10-3bar)Rotation speed/(r㊃min-1)11100552510055310100554151005551030055610500551.2㊀性能测试与表征实验中,对制备好的样品进行了一系列表征㊂首先,使用扫描电子显微镜(FESEM;SU8220,日本日立㊀第5期宋㊀洁等:钛基材Pt 涂层接触电阻及耐蚀性能研究875㊀公司)对样品进行了表面形貌观察,主要观察了Pt 粒径大小㊁表面覆盖情况等特征㊂随后,进行了能谱分析(EDS;QUANTAX,Bruker 公司),以观察Pt 的含量和分布情况㊂接着,使用电导率测试仪测量了不同样品的接触电阻和导电率,以获得样品的电学性能数据㊂最后,采用电化学工作站对样品进行了动电位极化曲线测试,以获取腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀电位等信息㊂在电化学工作站(CHI600E,上海辰华仪器有限公司)测试中,使用氯化银参比电极㊁10mm ˑ10mm 方形铂片辅助电极和镀铂钛圆片工作电极构成了三电极体系,电解液采用去离子水㊂在连接设备后,首先进行了2~3h 的开路电压稳定,然后打开塔菲尔曲线进行动电位极化曲线测试㊂测试过程中,初始电位设置为-0.8V,终止电位设置为1.2V,扫描速率为0.001V /s㊂通过这些测试,获得了不同清洗时间样品的极化曲线数据,进一步分析了镀铂钛圆片的腐蚀性能㊂2㊀结果与讨论2.1㊀等离子清洗时间对镀层的影响在实验中,经过一般清洗和深度清洗的基材在放入溅射镀膜机或者在真空室抽真空过程中,往往会因为各种因素而遭受二次污染㊂然而,等离子清洗作为一种在基材固定于基台且真空环境下进行的清洗方式,排除了二次污染的可能性,保持了镀膜前基材表面的高度纯净㊂此外,等离子清洗还能提高基材表面的润湿性,增加基材表面的极性,为后续镀层原子与基材之间的键合提供必要的能量㊂为了研究磁控溅射等离子清洗时间对Pt 涂层及其性能的影响,本节设置清洗功率为300W,氩气流量为50mL /min,改变等离子清洗时图1㊀清洗时间对薄膜厚度的影响Fig.1㊀Effect of cleaning time on film thickness 间为5㊁10㊁15min㊂如图1所示,随着等离子清洗时间的增加,Pt 膜的厚度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势㊂当等离子清洗时间为20min 时,薄膜厚度达到最大值(约76nm)㊂这是因为适度的等离子清洗时间对基材的温度影响相对较小,随着基底温度增加,磁控溅射产生的粒子到达基底时具有更大的动能使表面更容易扩散成核,这有利于增加靶材表面受到等离子体轰击的数量,从而促进原子的沉积㊂然而,过长的等离子清洗时间会导致基材温度不断升高,过高的增加表面的激发状态,导致钛原子从基材表面脱离,产生表面刻蚀现象,降低表面活性,进而影响涂层与基材的结合强度㊂因此,在制备过程中需要权衡等离子清洗时间,以确保合适的表面性能和涂层质量㊂不同等离子清洗时间对钛毡接触电阻的结果如图2(a)和(b)所示,BEK56代表基材,而 Fuel Cell 则是商业化成熟产品㊂可以看出在对BEK56进行镀铂处理后,其钛毡接触电阻,从6.5mΩ㊃cm 2@2MPa 明显下降至1.5mΩ㊃cm 2@2MPa,显示出显著的电性能提升㊂然而,对于不同等离子清洗时间的样品,其接触电阻之间的差异不大,这可能是因为涂层接触电阻性能受影响的因素与等离子清洗时间的关系较低㊂腐蚀电流密度(I corr )是衡量材料抵抗腐蚀的关键参数,对应于材料腐蚀电位下的电流密度㊂从图2(c)的测试结果可以看出,不同样品的腐蚀电流密度分别为3.00ˑ10-7㊁1.89ˑ10-8㊁9.50ˑ10-7A /cm 2,实验环境为电解制氢等效环境,其中pH 值为5.5,温度为60ħ㊂从结果来看,当等离子清洗时间为20min 时,样品的腐蚀电流密度最低,表现出较好的耐蚀性能,这可能是因为适宜的等离子清洗时间有助于保持涂层的表面状态,这主要有以下三个方面的表现:首先是表面清洁度提高,等离子清洗去除了表面的油污㊁氧化层和其他杂质,提高了涂层与基体材料的结合力,减少了腐蚀萌生;其次是表面活性增强,等离子处理可能在表面形成更多的活性位点,促进涂层更好地附着并形成均匀连续的保护层;最后是微观结构优化,可能在微观层面改善了涂层的结构,使其更致密,减少了腐蚀介质渗透到基体的机会,从而提高了其耐蚀性能㊂不同清洗时间下的Pt 涂层SEM 照片如图3所示㊂从图中可以明显看出,所有的Pt 涂层表面都有小颗粒的沉积㊂当清洗时间从10min 延长至20min 时,沉积在钛毡表面的Pt 颗粒数量呈逐渐增加的趋势,同时晶粒尺寸也有明显提升,这种现象可能是由于较长的清洗时间有助于更多的Pt 颗粒被溅射到表面,并且晶876㊀研究论文人工晶体学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第53卷粒尺寸的增大进一步提升了薄膜的比表面积,从而增强了薄膜的电化学性能㊂然而,随着清洗时间进一步增加,当达到30min时,晶粒尺寸和数量开始略微减小,并且在样品表面出现了较为明显的刻蚀现象㊂这可能是过长的清洗时间导致氩离子轰击基材表面的能量增加,超过了钛原子之间相互作用的结合能,进而使钛原子从表面脱离,引发刻蚀现象,降低了表面的活性和涂层的稳定性㊂此外,由于离子清洗进行的时间越长,基材表面和等离子体之间的相互作用也越多,因为等离子体中的高能粒子和辐射持续作用于表面,转换为热能导致基材温度升高;基材温度的升高可以加速等离子中的化学反应,会减少达到相同清洗效果所需的时间㊂但是,这种效应到达一定阈值后可能会逆转,温度过高会导致基材损伤或改变材料特性㊂控制等离子清洗的时间,可以防止温度升高到损害基材的程度㊂图2㊀不同等离子清洗时间后Pt涂层的接触电阻(a)㊁(b)和腐蚀电流密度(c)Fig.2㊀Contact resistance(a),(b)and corrosion current density(c)of Pt coating after plasma cleaning for different time图3㊀不同等离子清洗时间后Pt涂层的SEM照片Fig.3㊀SEM images of Pt coating after plasma cleaning for different time2.2㊀磁控溅射时间对镀层的影响不同磁控溅射时间下的Pt涂层厚度与接触电阻之间的关系如图4所示㊂结果表明,随着溅射时间的延长,Pt涂层的厚度逐渐增加㊂具体来说,溅射1㊁5㊁10㊁15min所得的涂层厚度分别为10㊁45㊁68㊁64nm㊂值得注意的是,在溅射10min时,涂层厚度达到最大,之后随着时间的继续增加,涂层厚度不再显著增加㊂采用㊀第5期宋㊀洁等:钛基材Pt涂层接触电阻及耐蚀性能研究877㊀电导率测试仪对不同溅射时间下的镀铂钛毡进行了接触电阻测试,随着压力的增加,样品与测试台之间的接触点面积也随之增大,随着磁控溅射时间的增加,Pt涂层逐渐覆盖了表面形成了更多的导电位点,从而提高了表面的电导率㊂当接触点逐渐趋于稳定时,表面电导率也趋于稳定㊂考虑到实际应用中电解堆的组装压力通常为2MPa,因此将该压力作为接触电阻的测试标准,可以发现不同溅射时间的镀Pt涂层均能显著提升钛毡的导电性能,降低表面的接触电阻㊂这主要归因于等离子清洗去除了钛表面的钝化层,同时高导电性的Pt涂层也覆盖了表面,接触电阻随时间的增加而增大,明显表现出正相关关系㊂然而,当磁控溅射时间超过10min后,不同样品的接触电阻差异较小㊂不同磁控溅射时间的钛毡微观结构如图5和图6所示,可以发现随着磁控时间的不断增大,钛毡表面不断被Pt所覆盖,Pt的覆盖面积不断增大,这与磁控溅射时间与Pt层厚度之间关系保持一致㊂此外,随着磁控溅射时间的不断增加,Pt的晶粒大小也不断增大㊂图4㊀不同溅射溅射时间下薄膜厚度(a)和接触电阻(b)㊁(c)曲线Fig.4㊀Thickness(a)and contact resistance(b),(c)curves for different sputtering time图5㊀不同溅射时间下的Pt涂层EDS㊂(a)㊁(b)1min;(c)㊁(d)5min;(e)㊁(f)10min;(g)㊁(h)15min Fig.5㊀EDS of Pt coating for different sputtering time.(a),(b)1min;(c),(d)5min;(e),(f)10min;(g),(h)15min878㊀研究论文人工晶体学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第53卷图6㊀不同溅射时间下的Pt 涂层SEM 照片㊂(a)㊁(b)1min;(c)㊁(d)5min;(e)㊁(f)10min;(g)㊁(h)15min Fig.6㊀SEM images of Pt coating for different sputtering time.(a),(b)1min;(c),(d)5min;(e),(f)10min;(g),(h)15min图7㊀不同溅射时间下的极化曲线图Fig.7㊀Tafel curves for different sputtering time 通过电化学工作站和三电极体系对镀铂钛片进行动电位极化曲线测试㊂在测试过程中,初始电位设定为-0.8V,终止电位设定为1.2V,扫描速率为0.001V /s㊂不同镀膜时间样品的极化曲线如图7所示,根据Tafel 拟合,磁控溅射时间10㊁15min 的钛片的腐蚀电流密度分别为7.01㊁6.91μA /cm 2㊂这些结果表明涂层在耐蚀性方面发挥了明显作用,形成了一道保护性屏障,对基材的钛毡进行了保护㊂这对于电解堆的长时间稳定运行具有重要意义㊂通过分析这些数据,可以更好地理解涂层在保护基材方面的效果,并为电解堆的性能和稳定运行提供有益信息㊂2.3㊀镀膜功率对镀层的影响不同磁控溅射功率对Pt 性能的影响如图8所示㊂可以看出Pt 薄膜厚度随溅射功率增加而明显增加,溅射功率为500W 的样品涂层厚度为285nm,而磁控溅射功率为100W 的样品涂层厚度为68nm㊂这是由于高的磁控溅射功率会激发大量的Pt,引起单位时间内沉积量增加,厚度明显增加;随着厚度的增加,其接触电阻明显降低,从100W 样品的2.5mΩ㊃cm 2@2MPa 降低到0.15mΩ㊃cm 2@2MPa,这主要是涂层厚度越厚,接触位点增多,接触电阻降低,导电性增强,最终降低了电解堆中的欧姆阻抗㊂为了探究不同磁控溅射功率对Pt 涂层的表面结构与性能之间的关系,进行了SEM 测试(见图9)㊂通过图像观察,可以明显发现磁控溅射功率与Pt 涂层中晶粒的大小之间存在直接的关联㊂随着磁控溅射功率的增加,Pt 晶粒的尺寸也逐渐增大㊂例如,在磁控溅射功率为100W 的样品中,Pt 晶粒的尺寸约为30nm,而在磁控溅射功率为500W 的样品中,Pt 晶粒的尺寸增长到了约150nm㊂这种现象主要是由于高功率的磁控溅射过程中,更多的Pt 粒子被激发并在基底上沉积,在[111]方向上的生长显著增大㊂同时,高功率溅射产生的能量更高的原子有助于在基底中快速扩散和迁移,从而促进了晶粒的更快生长,形成较大的晶粒㊂此外,在磁控溅射过程中,随着功率的提升,腔室内的溅射气压也逐渐增加㊂这是因为较高的功率提高了气体的电离效率,增加了氩离子的最大饱和度㊂当腔室内的氩离子浓度未达到饱和状态时,沉积速率随着溅射气压的增加而增大㊂此时,溅射过程中的氩离子可以更充分地参与靶材溅射,从而形成更大尺寸的晶粒㊂从实验结果来看,当溅射量较少时,涂层表面出现相互分离的团簇体㊂在这种情况下,涂层的导电功能主要通过电子隧穿效应实现㊂然而,随着溅射量的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,导致金属团聚现象的发生,从而在涂层内部形成了导电通道㊂这使涂层的导电方式由电子隧穿方式转变为接触导电方式,呈现出更低的电阻特性㊂㊀第5期宋㊀洁等:钛基材Pt涂层接触电阻及耐蚀性能研究879㊀图8㊀不同溅射功率的薄膜厚度(a)和接触电阻(b)㊁(c)曲线Fig.8㊀Thickness(a)and contact resistance(b),(c)curves with different sputtering powers图9㊀不同磁控溅射功率下的Pt涂层SEM照片㊂(a)㊁(b)100W;(c)㊁(d)300W;(e)㊁(f)500W Fig.9㊀SEM images of Pt coating with different sputtering powers.(a),(b)100W;(c),(d)300W;(e),(f)500W通过电化学工作站和三电极体系对不同磁控溅射功率样品进行极化曲线测试,其结果如图10所示㊂磁控溅射功率100㊁300和500W的钛片的腐蚀电流密度分别为7.12㊁6.87㊁6.52μA/cm2㊂随着镀膜功率的增大,腐蚀电流密度并没有进一步减小㊂这说明随着Pt晶粒密度和尺寸的急剧增大,样品的耐腐蚀性并没有得到较好改善,说明粒径的过度增长会影响镀膜材料的耐腐蚀性,这主要是由于晶粒增大其发生较大的晶界界面出现,晶界处活性较高极其容易发生点蚀等腐蚀萌生行为,因此耐蚀性下降㊂880㊀研究论文人工晶体学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第53卷图10㊀不同溅射功率下的极化曲线图Fig.10㊀Tafel curves with different sputtering powers3㊀结㊀㊀论通过磁控溅射对钛毡及钛片进行镀铂,并将得到的样品进行各种电性能及微观测试,得到结论如下: 1)等离子清洗是去除钛毡氧化层㊁提升钛毡电传导性能的有效方法,溅射时保持其他工作条件不变,提高清洗时间可以降低钛毡的接触电阻㊂镀层厚度㊁电导率及耐腐蚀性会随着清洗时间的增加先增大后减少,等离子清洗时间为20min时钛毡性能达到最优㊂2)磁控溅射时间对Pt涂层的厚度和晶粒尺寸产生影响㊂随着溅射时间的增加,涂层厚度逐渐增加,同时Pt晶粒的尺寸也逐渐增大㊂当磁控溅射时间为10min时,晶粒尺寸增大至约60nm,此时接触电阻降至0.15mΩ㊃cm2@2MPa㊂相较于未镀铂的钛毡,接触电阻下降了一定比例㊂EDS分析显示,磁控溅射10min 的样品表现出均匀的Pt分布,表明优异的电传输性能㊂3)磁控溅射功率对Pt涂层的厚度和晶粒尺寸具有直接影响㊂高功率的溅射会激发高能量的Pt原子,加速在基底中的扩散和迁移,导致晶粒尺寸增大㊂500W功率下的样品,Pt晶粒尺寸增至约150nm,但晶粒之间的挤压造成微小裂纹㊂涂层的导电机制由电子隧穿方式转变为接触导电方式,呈现出宏观层面的低电阻特性㊂参考文献[1]㊀欧阳明高.发展可再生能源制氢推进氢能产业高质量发展[J].科学新闻,2022,24(2):17-19.OUYANG M G.Developing hydrogen production from renewable energy to promote the 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有⾊⾦属专业英语词汇有⾊⾦属专业英语词汇钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁⽣产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以⽤途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回⽕脆性Temper brittleness⽇⼯标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–⽇⼯标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–⽇⼯标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–⽇⼯标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–⽇⼯标准G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103⾼锰钢铸–⽇⼯标准High manganese steel to JIS standard⽚及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢⽚(双单光⽚)(⽇⼯标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢⽚Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)⽇⼯标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢⽚(双单光⽚)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加⼯性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表⾯处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆⽚及张⽚制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆⽚及张⽚的电镀和印刷⽅法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢⽚的分类⽤、途、⼯业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉⼒Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘⾄1.6公厘，准确⾄0.1公厘3个试⽚平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲⾯(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度⼤于500公厘，标准回⽕)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢⽚储存与处理提⽰General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防⽌⽣锈Rust Protection⽣锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding⽓焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢⽚(拉⼒: 30-32公⽄/平⽅⽶)在没有表⾯处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ µ m2)时间效应(⽼化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains⽇⼯标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢⽚化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢⽚的"理论重量"计算⽅程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass⽇⼯标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢⽚重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢⽚订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它⽇⼯标准冷轧钢⽚(⽤途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢⽚或电解钢⽚Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌⼤⼤增强钢⽚的防锈能⼒Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能⼒Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢⽚的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢⽚Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet⽣产流程Production Flow Chart常⽤的镀锌钢⽚(电解⽚)的基层⾦属、⽤途、⽇⼯标准、美材标准及⼀般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表⾯处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢⽚Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢⽚Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢⽚厚度公差Thickness T olerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢⽚厚度公差Thickness T olerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢⽚阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length T olerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁⽚(⽩铁⽪/马⼝铁) (⽇⼯标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁⽚的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢⽚(⽩铁⽪/马⽇铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两⾯均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两⾯不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀⽅法、镀层质量及常⽤称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass 镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁⽚(⽩铁⽪/马⼝铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢⽚(马⼝铁/⽩铁⽪)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表⾯处理Surface Finish常⽤尺⼨Commonly Used Size电器⽤硅[硅] 钢⽚Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁⼒Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最⼤能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器⽤的低碳钢⽚的最⼤好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及⾮晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器⽤硅[硅] 钢⽚的最终⽤途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器⽤的硅[硅] 钢⽚之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器⽤钢⽚的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器⽤硅钢⽚主要⼯业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器⽤硅钢⽚Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢⽚及⾼硼定取向芯钢⽚之磁⼒性能及夹层系数(⽇⼯标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退⽕Annealing电器⽤钢⽚⽤家需⾃⾏应⼒退⽕原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退⽕时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热⼒应先从⼯件边缘透⼊Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应⼒退⽕温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器⽤硅[硅] 钢⽚–⾼硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢⽚及定取向芯钢⽚之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器⽤硅[硅] 钢;⽚–⾼硼低硫(LS)定取向钢⽚之磁⼒及电⼒性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器⽤硅[硅] 钢⽚–⾼硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢⽚之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器⽤硅(硅)钢⽚-⾼硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢⽚，定取向芯钢⽚及⾼硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢⽚之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器⽤硅(硅)钢⽚–⾼硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢⽚，定取向芯钢⽚及⾼硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢⽚之标准尺⼨及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, & SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表⾯Surface Insulation⾮晶粒取向电⼒⽤钢⽚的电⼒、磁⼒、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳⽤镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢⽚Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢⽚Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合⾦钢⽚的特⾊Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet⽤途End Usages抗化学品能⼒Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢⽚–⽇⼯标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢⽚–美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝⽚的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils 公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢⽚及其它种类钢⽚的抗腐蚀性能⽐较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢⽚⽣产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能⼒Weldability镀铝钢⽚的焊接状态(⽐较冷辘钢⽚)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板⽤途分类及各国钢板的⼯业标准包括⽇⼯标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板⽣产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢⽚Chrome Stainless Steel马⽒体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马⽒体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷⽚、⽚及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表⾯保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢⽚材常⽤代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表⾯处理Surface finish薄卷⽚及薄⽚(0.3⾄2.9mm厚之⽚)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) –strip/sheet不锈钢⽚机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，⼯业标准，化学成份，特点及主要⽤途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄⽚⽤途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢⽚、板⽤途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应⼒退⽕卷⽚常⽤规格名词图解General Specification of T ension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合⾦Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢⽐重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel 不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels⾼碳钢⽚High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification⽤组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure⽤含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及⾼碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧⽤碳钢⽚CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回⽕状态Annealed Strip淬⽕及回⽕状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝⽒体钢⽚Bainite Steel Strip弹簧⽤碳钢⽚材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬⽕剂Quenching Media碳钢回⽕Tempering回⽕有低温回⽕及⾼温回⽕Low & High Temperature T empering⾼温回⽕High Temperature Tempering退⽕Annealing完全退⽕Full Annealing扩散退⽕Diffusion Annealing低温退⽕Low Temperature Annealing中途退⽕Process Annealing球化退⽕Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退⽕Bright Annealing淬⽕Quenching时间淬⽕Time Quenching奥⽒铁孻回⽕Austempering马⽒铁体淬⽕Marquenching⾼碳钢⽚⽤途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧⾼碳钢–⽇本⼯业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀⾦属钢⽚Plate Metal Strip 简介General电镀⾦属捆⽚的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip⾦属捆⽚电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层⾦属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层⾦属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层⾦属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层⾦属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层⾦属Brass as Base Metal轴承合⾦Bearing Alloy。

回火工艺对奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀倾向的影响摘要：不锈钢中的各种合金元素能够显著提高钢体的电极电位从而提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能。

通过将固溶处理后的材料进行回火可以使晶界附近的合金元素析出，从而使晶界处丧失耐腐蚀性。

用不同的回火工艺可以造成不同程度的合金元素析出，进而使晶界处的抗腐蚀能力产生区别。

一般来说，回火温度越低析出程度越小，温度越高析出程度越大，保温时间延长也有利于溶质析出。

析出产物的增多并沿晶界连续，使不锈钢的小晶间腐蚀倾向大大增加。

但是加热温度和保温时间超过一定限度后，Cr扩散速度和C的差距减小，并且晶界处析出的合金元素会反而向晶粒内部扩散，使腐蚀产物不再连续并减小晶间腐蚀倾向。

本实验对奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti进行固溶处理并在450℃、680℃、800℃下进行不同的回火处理,对热处理后的试件做晶间腐蚀实验。

结果发现：固溶处理后该材料没有晶间腐蚀发生。

固溶处理的奥氏体不锈钢采用2h回火，随回火温度提高晶间腐蚀倾向增加，在680℃回火后抗晶间腐蚀性能最差，继续增加回火温度晶间腐蚀倾向减少。

680℃不同时间回火后，随保温时间延长晶间腐蚀倾向先增加后降低。

关键词：不锈钢固溶处理回火晶间腐蚀Influence of Tempering process on intergranularcorrosion tend of austenitic stainless steel Abstract:The various kinds of alloying elements in the stainless steel can greatly enhance the electrode potential of the steel, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the material. By being tempered after the solution treatment, the stainless steel material will lose the alloying elements nearby the grain boundary, and thus lose the corrosion resistance greatly. Different tempering methods lead to a difference in degree in the alloying elements exhalation and thus a difference in the grain boundary corrosion resistance capability. Therefore we can compare the alloying elements exhalation caused by different tempering methods by observing the corrosion near the grain boundary. Solution treatment is a treatment of the pre-processing, and it can make the distribution of the alloying elements exhalation in the material more uniform. Generally speaking, the lower the tempering temperature is, the less the exhalation will be. The higher the tempering temperature is, the greater the exhalation will be. Insulation prolonged also conducive to solute exhalation. However, when the tempering temperature or the heat preservation time is above a certain value, the gap between the Cr and the C diffusion speed will be reduced and element precipitation near the grain boundary will diffuse into the internal grain in reverse, making the corrosion products no longer continuous and reducing the tendency of the intergranular corrosion.We conduct the solution treatment on the 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel and conduct various tempering heat treatment under different temperature of 450℃、680℃、800℃.Finally we conduct the intergranular corrosion treatment on the specimens and get the results below. Firstly, the corrosion doesn’t happen after the solution treatment. Secondly, when the material get the 2h tempering treatment, as the tempering temperature increases, the tendency of the intergranular corrosion increases and it gets its worst corrosion resistance after the 680℃tempering treatment. That means if you continue increasing the treatment temperature, the tendency of the corrosion will be reduced in reverse. If we make the 680℃tempering temperature unchanged and change the tempering time, the corrosion tendency will be increased first and reduced later as the soaking time increases.Keywords: stainless steel solution treatment tempering intergranular corrosion目录第一章绪论 (4)1.1 1Cr18Ni9Ti的概况 (4)1.2 奥氏体不锈钢的晶间腐蚀 (4)1.2.1 晶间腐蚀的定义和特点 (4)1.2.2 合金元素对不锈钢晶间腐蚀的影响 (4)1.3 奥氏体不锈钢的热处理 (5)1.3.1 固溶处理 (5)1.3.2 敏化处理 (5)1.3.3 稳定化处理 (6)1.3.4 去应力处理 (6)1.4 加热温度和保温时间对奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀的影响 (6)第二章实验方法 (7)2.1 实验材料及设备 (7)2.2 实验方法 (7)2.2.1热处理实验 (7)2.2.2晶间腐蚀实验 (7)第三章实验结果及分析 (9)3.1 回火温度对晶间腐蚀的影响 (9)3.2 回火时间对晶间腐蚀的影响 (11)第四章实验结论 (13)参考文献 (14)第一章绪论1.1 1Cr18Ni9Ti的概况1Cr18Ni9Ti钢属通用型铬—镍奥氏体不锈钢。

螺钉涂铝处理工艺流程1.洗净螺钉表面，去除油污和杂质。

Clean the surface of the screws to remove oil and impurities.2.进行脱脂处理，确保表面干净。

Perform degreasing treatment to ensure the surface is clean.3.浸泡在酸性溶液中腐蚀表面。

Soak in acidic solution to corrode the surface.4.将螺钉放入氢氧化钠溶液中进行脱碱处理。

Put the screws in sodium hydroxide solution for alkali removal.5.涂覆底漆，形成底层保护。

Apply primer to form a protective bottom layer.6.进行镀铝处理，增加表面硬度。

Carry out aluminum plating to increase surface hardness.7.在高温下烘干，固化表面涂层。

Dry at high temperature to cure the surface coating.8.检验涂层质量，确保符合要求。

Inspect the coating quality to ensure it meets the requirements.9.如果有瑕疵，进行修补或重新涂装。

If there are defects, repair or re-coat.10.进行表面抛光，使涂层光滑均匀。

Polish the surface to make the coating smooth and even.11.检查螺钉外观，确保质量完好。

Inspect the appearance of the screws to ensure the quality is good.12.包装成品，准备发货。

耐盐雾等级英语Corrosion Resistance: The Importance of Salt Spray TestingCorrosion is a significant concern for a wide range of industries, from automotive and aerospace to marine and construction. The ability of materials to withstand the effects of environmental exposure, particularly to salt and moisture, is a critical factor in ensuring the longevity and reliability of products and structures. One of the key tools used to assess a material's corrosion resistance is the salt spray test, also known as the salt fog test or the salt mist test.The salt spray test is a standardized laboratory procedure that simulates the exposure of materials to a corrosive environment, typically one containing a salt solution. The test involves subjecting the material samples to a fine mist or fog of a saline solution, usually a 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, for a specified duration. The samples are then inspected for signs of corrosion, such as pitting, rusting, or other forms of degradation.The salt spray test is a valuable tool for several reasons. First and foremost, it provides a controlled and repeatable way to evaluate the corrosion resistance of materials. By exposing samples to aconsistent, accelerated corrosive environment, the test can help predict how the material will perform in real-world conditions. This information is crucial for product development, quality control, and failure analysis.Moreover, the salt spray test is widely recognized and accepted as a standard method for assessing corrosion resistance. Many industries and regulatory bodies have established specific requirements or guidelines for salt spray testing, ensuring that products meet certain performance thresholds. This standardization allows for effective comparison of materials and ensures that products meet the necessary safety and reliability standards.The salt spray test is not limited to a single application or industry. It is used extensively in the automotive industry to evaluate the corrosion resistance of paints, coatings, and metal components. In the aerospace industry, the test is used to assess the performance of aircraft materials, such as the skin, fasteners, and electronic components, which are exposed to harsh environmental conditions during flight.In the marine industry, the salt spray test is crucial for evaluating the corrosion resistance of materials used in boats, ships, and offshore structures. These environments are particularly challenging, as they are constantly exposed to saltwater, humidity, and other corrosiveelements.The construction industry also relies on the salt spray test to ensure the durability of building materials, such as steel, concrete, and coatings, in environments prone to salt exposure, such as coastal regions or areas with high levels of road salt usage.Beyond these industries, the salt spray test is also used in the development of consumer electronics, household appliances, and various other products that may be exposed to corrosive environments during their lifetime.The salt spray test is not a one-size-fits-all solution, however. The specific test parameters, such as the duration, salt concentration, and temperature, can be tailored to simulate different real-world conditions. This flexibility allows researchers and engineers to design tests that accurately reflect the environments their products will encounter.Moreover, the salt spray test is just one of many tools used to assess corrosion resistance. Other methods, such as electrochemical testing, exposure to natural environments, and accelerated weathering, can provide complementary information and help paint a more comprehensive picture of a material's performance.In conclusion, the salt spray test is a critical tool for evaluating the corrosion resistance of materials and ensuring the long-term reliability and safety of products across a wide range of industries. By providing a standardized, controlled, and repeatable way to assess corrosion, the salt spray test has become an essential part of the product development and quality assurance process. As environmental conditions continue to pose challenges to materials, the importance of the salt spray test will only continue to grow, ensuring that the products we rely on remain durable, safe, and fit for purpose.。

A20Austenitic chromium-nickel steels1A20Austenitic chromium-nickel steelsH ANS B ARKHOLT,Kronberg,GermanyG UNDULA J¨ANSCH-K AISER,DECHEMA e.V.,GermanyS.G ORSKI,DECHEMA e.V.,Germany1.References (2)The austenitic steels with about18%chro-mium and8to10%nickel,with or with-out titanium or niobium,for example DIN-Mat. No.1.4300,1.4301,1.4541,1.4550,1.4312, 1.4308,1.4552,are generally attacked in hy-drogen chloride gas and exhibit pitting corro-sion;under tensile stress,there is the danger of stress corrosion cracking[3].Table1shows the behavior of these steels towards dry hydrogen chloride gas.Chromium-nickel steels of the type188are used as material for valve casings and spindles for hydrogen chloride gas at room temperature [5].Air containing hydrogen chloride in chem-ical works attacks the steel with the DIN-Mat. No.1.4306(18%Cr,9%Ni,0.03%C)at a corrosion rate of0.142mm y−1at room temper-ature and a test duration of184days[6].Chem-ical brightening of CrNi-steel is possible with hydrogen chloride gas[9].Investigations on the steel AISI304SS in a test environment of60%by volume H2O and 40%by volume HCl between368and453K showed the corrosion rates listed in Table2 [10].The high corrosion rates at lower tempera-tures are resulting from dew point effects[10].The corrosion rates of the steel 12Kh18N10T were determined in a gas mix-ture containing air,1%HCl,0.2%chlorine and7%water at423K with0.13mm y−1, which reduce at523K to rates of0.04mm y−1. The test duration was70h[13].Table2.Corrosion rates of AISI304SS in60%H2O and40% HCl for15d laboratory test[10].Temperature,K Corrosion Rate,mm y−14530.0084480.0084430.0084330.0084130.0133930.2293830.9373687.800In the section for catalyst preparation of polypropylene production plants low-nickel steels,for example08Kh22N6T,are more suit-able as construction material than12Kh18N10T [15].Also in the environment of the polycrys-talline silicon production consisting of90to 93%H2,5%SiHCl3+SiCl4and3to5%HCl the steels06KhN28MDT and10Kh17N13M3T showed a better resistance than the CrNi-steel 12Kh18N10T between373and773K[20].A lot of experiments have been carried out on the corrosion behavior of austenitic CrNi-steels in hydrogen chloride-containingflue gas environments[11,16].The studies include the examination of the influence of HCl on the rate of corrosion and corrosion-enhanced cracking susceptibility of such steels,employed in the construction of pulverized coal-fired boilers.The addition of HCl(500vppm)to a gas at-mosphere representative of that from coal com-bustion led to a large increase in the corrosion rate of a CrNiNb-steel188at a temperature of 873K.Moreover,the temperature range of cor-rosion observed was much extended[17].2A20Austenitic chromium-nickel steelsTable1.Corrosive action of hydrogen chloride gas on austenitic chromium-nickel steels.Steel Temperature,K Corrosion Rate,mm y−1Remarks Literature 1.4301(AISI304)room temp.0.08aerated,pitting0.25mm[6] CrNi-steel1810and1810Ti3130.11[3] AISI304478 1.25greatly aerated[6] CrNi-steel1810and1810Ti5230.55to1.10[3] CrNi-steel2010623good resistance[7] CrNi-steel1886430.05stress corrosion crackingpossible[4] Austenitic CrNi-steels673-698generally good resistance[1,8]753upper limit of resistance forcontinuous operation[1,8] AISI304477-700slight attackAISI304728medium-strong attack[2] AISI304783strong attackAISI3047730.2821d test duration[6] AISI3048630.51to0.63in hydrogen atmosphere(Zircex method)[6]The corrosion behavior of the steel AISI310 SS in hydrogen chloride-bearing environments at1173K is described in[21].Stressed specimens of stainless steel sheets showed pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in a humid atmosphere after expo-sure to PVC combustion gases.The combustion gases were produced from several cable insulat-ing materials simulating cablefires.Indeed,in comparisonfluorinated polymers have a higher thermal stability,but they do not at all eliminate corrosion problems in the event offire[12].The corrosion of the steel12Kh18N10T in mixtures of dried HCl and SO2(1:1)was uniformly with insignificant corrosion rates at temperatures of353to363K.These condi-tions are similar to that of the production of the dichloroanhydride of terephthalic acid from thionyl chloride and terephthalic acid[14].A study on the corrosion behavior of metal-licfibers of AISI310in combustion gases with (100ppm)and without HCl was performed at 873K.The addition of HCl led to a two-fold in-crease in the weight gain.The alloyfibers were attacked at much higher rates than thicker ma-terial[18].In aflowing(10−3m−3min−1)gas mixture of(%by volume)44CO,30H2,10CO2,14 H2O,0.6H2S and1.4N2the corrosion rate of AISI347H and310after100h at823K was 0.02mm y−1.The temperature limit for appli-cation of the steels was given with823K.With the addition of HCl the corrosion was acceler-ated,especially at higher temperatures.Pitting corrosion was observed for AISI347H exposed to the HCl-containing gas during downtime cor-rosion[19].1.References1.Product Information,Resistance of nickel andhigh nickel alloys to corrosion by hydrochloricacid,hydrogen chloride and chlorine,10M3-623911A279,31p.,International NickelCo.,Inc.,New York2.Anonymous,High temperature corrosion data.A compilation by technical Unit CommitteeT-5B on high temperature corrosion,NACEm.T-5B,Corrosion11(1955)p.241t3.Product Information,ABC der Stahlkorrosion,(ABC of steel corrosion)(in German)2.ed.,July1966,p.105,Mannesmann AG,D-4000D¨u sseldorf4.Product Information,Corrosion data survey,1960,p.H3,Shell Development Co.,Emeryville(Cal./USA)5.Koch,A.J.,Chem.Eng.54(1947)6,p.2146.Polar,J.P.,A guide to corrosion resistance,p.121,Climax Molybdenum Co.,New York,19617.Brown,M.H.;Delong,W.B.,Properties ofchemical engineering materials ofA20Austenitic chromium-nickel steels3construction.,Materials of construction data:Stainless steels,and other ferrous alloys,Ind.Eng.Chem.40(1948)p.19058.Franks,R.,in:H.H.Uhlig“The CorrosionHandbook”,p.155,J.Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1948/19589.Schmid,G.;Maurer,E.,Steinhausen,H.,Chemisches Gl¨a nzen von V2A-Stahl mitGasen,(Chemically polishing of V2A-steelwith gases)(in German),Metalloberfl¨a che10(1956)p.28910.Carter,J.P.;Covino jr.,B.S.;Driscoll,T.J.;Riley,W.D.;Rosen,M.,Gaseous corrosion of metals in a60%H2O,40%HCl environment, Corrosion40(1984)5,p.20511.Mayer,P.;Manolescu,A.V.,Influence ofhydrogen chloride on corrosion andcorrosion-enhanced cracking susceptibility ofboiler construction steels in syntheticflue gasat elevated temperatures,Corrosion ResistantMaterials for Coal Conversion Systems,(Proc.Conf.),London,May1982,Applied SciencePublishers,Barking,Essex(GB),1983,p.87 12.Sandmann,H.;Widmer,G.,The corrosivenessoffluoride-containingfire gases on selectedsteels,Fire Mater.10(1986)1,p.1113.Migai,L.L.;Verizhnikova,G.N.,Thecorrosion resistance of metals in a humidchlorine-containing atmosphere(in Russian),Nauchn.Tr.Gos.Nauchno-Issled.Proektn.Inst.Redkomet.Prom-st.Giredmet.(1980)99, p.13114.Perin,Yu.I.;Dobronravov,V.A.;Burmistrova,L.K.;V oronina,L.M.;Silaeva,A.S.,Thecorrosion of some carbon and alloyed steels in mixtures of dried hydrogen chloride andsulphur dioxide gases(in Russian),Khim.Neft.Mashinostr.(1976)7,p.1715.Vericheva,L.A.;Demidova,L.V.;Dumov,V.I.;Zhil’tsov,N.P.,Corrosion resistance ofstructural materials in polypropyleneproduction process media(in Russian),Khim.Neft.Mashinostr.(1985)10,p.2116.Thorpe,S.J.;Ramaswami,B.;Aust,K.T.,Effect of gaseous HCl on sulfur segregationand intergranular embrittlement in321stainless steel,Acta Metall.32(1984)9,p.129717.Cutler,A.J.B.;Grant,C.J.;Laxton,J.W.;Price,D.D.;Stevens,C.G.,Laboratorymeasurements of the corrosion of superheatermaterials in atmospheres simulating thecombustion of high chlorine coals,CorrosionResistant Materials for Coal ConversionSystems,(Proc.Conf.),London(GB),May1982,Applied Science Publishers,Barking,Essex(GB),1983,p.15918.Saunders,S.R.J.;Lefever,I.,The oxidationbehavior of heat resisting metallicfibres,Corros.Sci.23(1983)9,p.102519.Kihara,S.;Nakagawa,K.;Ohtomo,A.;Kato,M.,Corrosion resistance of high-chromiumsteels in coal gasification atmospheres,Mater.Perform.26(1987)6,p.920.Mighai,L.L.;Verizhnikova,G.N.;Arons,V.I.,Corrosion resistance of stainless steels inthe environment for polycrystalline siliconproduction(in Russian),Tsvetn.Metall.Nauchno-Tekh.Sb.(1983)19,p.3621.Baranow,S.et al.,Materials performance inhigh-temperature,halogen-bearingenvironments(Pamphlet),Corrosion’84(Proc.Conf.),New Orleans(USA),Apr.1984, NACE,Houston,Tex.(USA),1984,11p.。

材料科学与工程专业博士研究生指导教师姓名：王琦性别：男民族：汉族出生年月：1963-11学历|学位：研究生|博士专业技术职务：教授行政职务：联系电话/移动电话：邮箱：通讯地址|邮编：山东省济南市南辛庄西路336号济南大学材料科学与工程学院|250022招生方向(领域)： 01建筑材料研究领域、学习工作经历、学术兼职等情况研究领域：新型建筑材料，纳米功能材料学习工作经历：1981年7月山东建筑材料工业学院，读书，1985年7月获学士学位1992年9月武汉理工大学北京研究生部攻读硕士研究生1995年6月获硕士学位2000年武汉理工大学博士2004年12月获博士学位1985年7月- 山东建筑材料工业学院材料学院/济南大学材料科学与工程学院，教师代表性科研成果及奖励：（包括项目、鉴定、论文、专著、专利等)在研项目：2010-2013水泥/丙烯酸盐复合材料抗腐蚀性能研究2010-2013泥/丙烯酸钙（镁）复合材料设计与抗腐蚀性能专利与奖励：发明专利：水泥基智能堵漏材料及其制备方法ZL 2008 1 0238252.2科研教学论文：近五年主要科研论文：1. 乔林，王琦，田陆飞，刘振. 矿物掺合料对水泥耐酸性的影响及配比设计.硅酸盐通报2009,28（5）:1055~10592. 刘振，王琦，田陆飞. 混凝土结构中水泥材料的腐蚀与防护. 水泥工程,2011（1）：71-753. 贾丽莉; 王琦; 田陆飞; 刘振. 醇胺类水泥助磨剂性能的研究. 水泥. 2011（2）：1-34. Qi Wang, Lin Qiao, Peng Song .Effect of fly ash and slag on the resistance to H2S attack of oil well cement. Journal of Advanced Materials Research Vols. 2009,79-82:71~74. （Ei收录）5. 王琦，金志杰，孟园园，乔林. 掺沥青水泥石的抗硫酸钠腐蚀性能. 建筑材料学报, 2009,12（5）:617~620. （Ei收录）6. Qi Wang, Lufei Tian, Peng Song and Zhen Liu. Research on the Cement-based Smart Lost-circulation Control Material with Ti-Ni SMA. Advanced Materials Research. 2010,123-125:1015-1018. （Ei收录）7. Qi Wang*, Zhen Liu, Peng Song and Lufei Tian. Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Core-Shell Particles and Influence on Corrosion Resistance of Cement. Advanced Materials Research. 2010,123-125 :185-188. （Ei收录）8. L.F. Tian, Zhen Liu, Q Wang , P Song and L Qiao.Resistance to Na2SO4 Attack of Hardened Cement Paste Added with Colophony. The 7thinternational symposium on cement & concrete.jinan,ISCC2010, 630-6339. Yunzhong Shi,Qi Wang,Peng Song,Lili Jia. Advanced Early Strength Agent Development and Mechanism Analysis. Advanced Materials Research. 2011.261-263:323-327. （Ei 收录）10. Lili Jia, Qi Wang , Peng Song and Yunzhong Shi .Study on Corrosion Resistance of N-vinyl Pyrrole Modified Cement. Advanced Materials Research. 2011,261-263:328-332. （Ei收录）11. Zhen Liu, Qi Wang , Peng Song and Lufei Tian.Influence of Acrylamide on Corrosion-Resistance and Strength of Cement Pastes. Advanced Materials Research. 2011.261-263 : 318-322. （Ei收录）12. Lufei Tian, Qi Wang , Peng Song and Zhen Liu.Research on the Cement-based Smart Lost-circulation Control Material with Cu-Zl SMA. Advanced Materials Research, 2011,261-263: 757-760. （Ei收录）13. 石运中，王琦，贾丽莉. 丙烯酸钙改性集料对砂浆性能影响的研究. 混凝土与水泥制品. 2011（9）：25-2714. Peng Song, Qi Wang, Zhongxi Yang, Biomorphic synthesis of ZnSnO3 hollow fibers for gas sensing application, Sensors and Actuators B. 2011,156: 983-989. （Sci收录）15. Peng Song, Qi Wang, Zhe Zhang, Zhongxi Yang, Synthesis and gas sensing properties of biomorphic LaFeO3 hollow fibers templated from cotton, Sensors and ActuatorsB.2010, 147:248-254. （Sci收录）16. Peng Song, Qi Wang, Zhongxi Yang, The effects of annealing temperature on the CO sensing of perovskite La0.8Pb0.2Fe0.8Cu0.2O3 nanoparticles, Sensors and ActuatorsB. 2009:141 109-115. （Sci收录）17. Peng Song, Qi Wang, Zhongxi Yang, Ammonia gas sensor based on PPy/ZnSnO3 nanocomposites, Materials Letters .2011,65:430-432. （Sci收录）18. Peng Song, Qi Wang, Structure and CO gas sensing properties of PPy/LaFeO3 nanocomposites, Materials Science Forum.2011,675-677:375-378. （Sci收录）19. Peng Song, Qi Wang, Zhongxi Yang, CO sensing characteristics of La0.8Pb0.2Fe0.8Co0.2O3 perovskite films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, Physica E.2009,41:1479-1483. （Sci收录）近五年主要教学论文：1. 无机非金属材料工艺学课程的改革与建设，广州化工, 2010，382. 对“无机非金属材料工艺学”精品课程实践性教学的研究，济南大学学报（社科版），2009,193. 无机非金属材料工艺学教学方法与教学手段探讨，济南大学学报（社科版），2009,194. 关于专业课教学的几点思考，济南大学学报（社科版），2008,185. 大众化教育的思考，济南大学学报（社科版），2008,186. 青年教师提高教学能力的方法与体会，济南大学学报（社科版），2008,187. 关于加强大学新生入学教育的思考，高等教育论坛，2008，（2）教材著作：主编《无机非金属材料工艺学》教材一部。

烧结钕铁硼永磁合金在不同酸溶液中的腐蚀行为丁霞;薛龙飞;丁开鸿;崔胜利;孙永聪;李木森【摘要】对烧结钕铁硼永磁合金在盐酸、硝酸和磷酸3种不同酸溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究.采用扫描电镜和能谱仪观察和测试样品腐蚀前后的微观形貌和元素质量分数,用磁性测量仪测试样品侵蚀前后的磁性能.研究结果表明:烧结钕铁硼永磁合金在盐酸和磷酸溶液中呈现均匀腐蚀特征,而在硝酸溶液中其边缘腐蚀严重;在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率最大,在磷酸溶液中腐蚀速率最小.盐酸溶液明显腐蚀晶界富钕相,并且会在侵蚀过程中渗入基体孔隙中,造成磁体近表面的进一步腐蚀;硝酸溶液主要腐蚀主晶相,对晶界相影响不大;磷酸溶液会在烧结钕铁硼表面形成一层块状磷酸盐产物.盐酸溶液腐蚀会造成磁体剩磁和最大磁能积的明显降低,而磷酸溶液腐蚀会在一定程度上影响磁体的内禀矫顽力,硝酸溶液腐蚀对磁体磁性能的综合影响最小.【期刊名称】《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2016(047)004【总页数】6页(P1105-1110)【关键词】烧结钕铁硼;酸溶液;腐蚀;组织结构;磁性能【作者】丁霞;薛龙飞;丁开鸿;崔胜利;孙永聪;李木森【作者单位】山东大学材料液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室,山东济南,250061;山东大学材料液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室,山东济南,250061;烟台首钢磁性材料股份有限公司,山东烟台,265500;烟台首钢磁性材料股份有限公司,山东烟台,265500;烟台首钢磁性材料股份有限公司,山东烟台,265500;山东大学材料液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室,山东济南,250061【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TG171作为第三代永磁材料的钕铁硼永磁合金以其高矫顽力和高磁能积被誉为“磁中之王”，自1983年问世以来，已在电机、通讯、信息等领域广泛使用［1-3］。

但是钕铁硼永磁合金中的富钕相具有很高的电化学活性，且烧结磁体的结构疏松，存在大量孔隙，因此耐腐蚀性很差［4-5］，限制了其应用。

JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS,Vol.28,No.1,Feb.2010,p.117F j y N S F f (3)M N R (@;T +63363)DOI 6S ()6636Study on cor rosion resistance of the BTESPT silane cooperating with rare ear th cerium on the surface of aluminum-tubeXIAO Wei (肖围)1,MAN Ruilin (满瑞林)1,MIAO Chang (缪畅)1,PENG Tianlan (彭天兰)2(1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,C entral South Univers ity,Changsha 410083,China;2.Institute of R esearch of Iron and Steel,S ha Steel Group,Zhangjiagang 215625,China)Received 3June 2009;revised 7July 2009Abstract:Bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (BTESPT)silane-rare earth cerium composite coatings on aluminum-tube were prepared at 60°C by immersion method.The performance of composite coatings to protect the aluminum-tube against corrosion was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS),and salt spray test (SST).The results of potentiody-namic polarization curves and EIS indicated that the self-corrosion current decreased by two orders of magnitude and the impedance values increased to 20k /cm 2;the result of salt spray test showed that the anti-corrosion time increased by three times,which indicated that the cor-rosion resistant capability of the composite coatings was improved significantly.The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)photograph showed that the conversion coating was uniform and dense.The energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS)was used to analyse coating composi-tion,which was mainly S,O,Si,Al and Ce.The formation and corrosion mechanism of the composite coating were also studied.Keywords:aluminum-tube;BTESPT silane;rare earth cerium;composite coating;corrosion resistanceAluminum has become one of the most important metals since it is extensively used in national industries,such as aircraft industries,electrical apparatus manufacturings and so on [1,2].Copper-tube has been gradually substituted by aluminum-tube because of its lighter mass and lower expense in terms of ice refrigerator and cuber in electrical apparatus manufacturings.However,a layer of natural oxidation film formation on the surface of the alumi-num-tube is too thin to avoid corrosion from the aggressive medium solution.The aluminum-tube must be pretreated before application in order to avoid accidents resulted from refrigerant leaking.In the past decades,the most effective pre-treatments and corrosion protection technologies were all based on the use of Cr 6+containing formulations because of its low cost,availability and high performance [3,4].Recently,the use of chromium has been heavily restricted by environmental leg-islations due to the high toxicity and carcinogenity ofhexavalent chromium ions (Cr(VI))[1,2,5–7].Therefore,it is of profound significance to search for an appliable anti-corrosion surface treatment.Various inorganic and or-ganic corrosion inhibitors have been proposed and studied inprevious reports [8–14].Among them,there are studies reporting the formation of cerium conversion bi-layers obtained through successive immersion of high-strength aluminium alloys in cerium salt solutions of different compositions in mid 1980s by Hintonand co-workers [15–20].In their works,they proved that these conversion layers have shown good corrosion protection to-wards Al 2024alloy.However,it is necessary to improve the conditions for the treatment on a commercial basis.Another drawback of the cerium conversion layers is the presence of cracks that can cross the whole cross-section of the layer,representing preferential pathways for penetration of aggres-sive species [12,21].Thus it is important to develop some new procedures to prevent from the occurrence of the corrosion and to reinforce the protective performance of rare earth con-version film [4,6,9–12].Silane surface treatment is another promising alternative that has attracted a lot of attention from industries in recentyears [9–12].Silane can produce silanol groups (Si –OH)in water or water/alcohol mixtures as its specific structure with hydrolyzable groups.These groups,when in contact with hydroxyl-covered metallic surfaces,can form hydrogen bonds and the excess of hydroxides silicon groups Si(OH)3may react in solution,leading to the formation of siloxane (Si –O –Si)network.The network presents very good barrier property,thus improves the corrosion resistance of the treated substrates.However,these coatings cannot offer an adequate long-term protection due to the presence of mi-cro-pores,cracks and areas with low cross-link density.These zones favour the diffusion of aggressive species to the coating/substrate interface and are preferential sites for cor-rosion initiation [11].Considering advantages and disadvantages of single ce-rium conversion layer or silane coating,a composite coating was deposited on the surface of the substrate in recent stud-ies,such as modified cerium bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE)ound at ion ite m:Pro ect supported b the Provinc ial a tural c ience oundation o Hunan Provinc e 04JJ 0817Corre sponding a uthor :A uilin E-ma il:rlman el.:8-71-88827:10.101/1002-07210900-118JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS,Vol.28,No.1,Feb.2010non-functional silane layers prepared by Luis and his co-workers[12].The process of our work is a step towards a new field of environmental friendly treatment,which is also a simpler process and costs less time to form coating than the present procedures.The sample with a self-assembled monolayer of bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (BTESPT)silane was immersed in the rare earth cerium so-lution to get the complex coating.Corrosion resistance of aluminum tube surface with silane-rare earth composite coating was respectively studied by electrochemical means and salt spray test.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)were employed to characterize morphology and chemical composition of the surface coatings.1Experimental1.1Aluminum-tube surface pret reatm entAluminum-tubes(Φ7.8mm×1mm)used in the experiment were purchased from HengJia Inc.(Liuyang,China),the chemical composition was summarized in Table1.Table1Nominal composition of the aluminum-tube(wt.%) Nominal composition Mas s fractionC u0.0020Fe0.13Si0.050Mn0.0070Mg0.0010Zn0.010Ti0.016Al BalanceThe aluminum-tubes with length of70mm were sealed with modified methacrylate and polished mechanically using SiC abrasive papers with different grades.Prior to immer-sion in the working solutions,the samples were immersed in 1.0mol/L NaOH solution for2min,followed by5min treatment in1.0mol/L acetic acid,with a washing step in-between,and finally washed with acetone,alcohol,dis-tilled water and dried in hot air stream.1.2Wor king solutions preparationSolution of Ce(NO3)3was used,corresponding to a concen-tration of0.1mol/L Ce(NO3)3,0.02mol/L HBO3,30mol/L H2O2,1ml and a spot of additive A,and the pH value was adjusted to3.5with nitric acid.BTESPT silane solution used in the present work was pre-pared by dissolving the bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetra-sulfide(BTESPT)(Yingcheng,China)(5vol.%)in a mix-ture of anhydrous ethanol(90vol.%)and deionized water (5vol.%).The mixture was continuously stirred for y y T fj65L N 1.3Coatings pr epar ationThe samples pretreated were submitted to three different treatments before immersed in1.0mol/L NaOH solution for 1min to get activated aluminum substrate.The treatments were performed according to the following procedures:(1) BTESPT silane layer:immersed in BTESPT silane solution at ambient temperature for1min and cured at100°C for6h;(2)rare earth cerium layer:Immersed in Ce(NO3)3solution at60°C for1min,and cured at150°C for3h;(3)complex layers:immersed in BTESPT silane solution at ambient tem-perature for1min,dried with compressed air,then immersed in Ce(NO3)3solution at60°C for1min,and cured at150°C for3h.1.4Test and analysis t echniquesThe following corrosion tests,namely,salt spray test(SST) and electrochemical tests were utilized to evaluate the corro-sion performance of the coatings deposited on the surface of aluminum-tubes.Salt spray test(SST)was performed to evaluate corrosion protection of aluminum-tubes before and after deposited coatings using YW-10Salt Fog-box(Shanghai,China)in our work.According to the specification,5%NaCl solution was atomized in a salt spray chamber at35°C with the solu-tion pH around7.The tested samples were placed at an an-gle of45°C in the chamber,exposed to the salt fog for a certain period.The formation of corrosion products was checked with naked eye.Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical im-pedance spectroscopy(EIS)measurements are two popular and important electrochemical experimental methods in the corrosion pared to conventional mass loss and collecting hydrogen experiments which take much more time to determine corrosion rate,these two methods take considerably less time[21,22].At first,the working electrode must be made in the following steps.The unexposed faces and edges of aluminum-tube coupons were sealed with ep-oxy,leaving a working area of1.00cm2.The specimens were preimmersed in the electrolyte which was0.6mol/L NaCl solution at pH7for15min before data acquisition,in order to achieve a steady state.In the three-electrode cell,a commercial saturated calomel electrode(SCE)and a plati-num mesh were used as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively.On average,three replicate samples were tested for each condition in every electrochemical test in PAR-STAT2273electrochemical workstation from PRINCETON Inc.Potentiodynamic polarization test was used to measured corrosion rates by evaluating Tafel extrapolation and polari-zation resistance.In the anodic polarization tests,the data was recorded over the potential range from the corrosion potential(E corr)or open circuit voltage(OCP)of the materi-+5V S I z,f–5 V S T Vh drol sis at room temperature.he pH o the solution was ad usted close ing a0.01mol/aAc solution.als up to E corr0./CE.n the cathodic polari ation tests the data collection started rom the E corr down to E corr0. /CE.he scan rate applied here was1m/s.XIAO Wei et al.,Study on corrosion resistance of the BTESPT silane cooperating with rare earth cerium on the surface of (119)Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)measure-ment was employed to monitor the corrosion performance of the samples as a function of immersion time in a naturally aerated 0.6mol/L NaCl solution with pH 7.In the paper,themeasured frequency range was from 10–2to 105Hz,with an AC excitation amplitude of 10mV.Surface morphology of the samples observation was con-ducted on a FEI Quanta 200scanning electron microscope (SEM),equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).The accelerating voltage was 20kV.2Results and discussion2.1Hydrolysis of BTESPT silaneScheme 1shows the structure of the BTESPT silane in thenon-hydrolyzed state.Clearly,there are two Si atoms with six hydrolyzable ethoxy (OCH 2CH 3)groups at both ends in the structure.Before application,it is necessary to convert the ethoxy (OCH 2CH 3)groups of the silane to active SiOH groups for the subsequent film formation procedures men-tioned above.The conversion of the ethoxy (OCH 2CH 3)groups is usually realized by hydrolyzing the silane in its di-luted aqueous solution.To get more active SiOH groups which can be better anchored on activated aluminum matrix in form of hydrogen bond on the surface of matrix,the hy-drolysis of BTESPT silane in its diluted aqueous solution was investigated with monitoring conductivity of BTESPT silane.Fig.1depicts hydrolysis of BTESPT silane solution at ambient temperature for more than 50h.During the first 10h,the conductivity dropped rapidly to 2.8μs/cm,but then dra-matically increased to 11.2μs/cm and kept almost unvaried for about 10h.The tendency of the conductivitys rapid dropping was attributed to a bad effect mixed with ethanol and deionized water,which decreased conductible ions intheScheme 1Chemical structure of bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetra-sulfide (BTESPT)silaneF y y f BT S T mixed solution.After the mixture was stirred for 10h,the curve of the conductivity presented inverse change suddenly because BTESPT silane was hydrolysed according to the fol-lowing reaction equilibrium (Eq.(1)):(CH 3CH 2O)3Si(CH 2)3S 4(CH 2)3Si(OCH 2CH 3)3+2x H 2O R (H 5C 2O)3–x (OH)x Si(CH 2)3S 4(CH 2)3Si(OH)x (OC 2H 5)3–x +2xH 5C 2OH (1)As shown in Fig.1,the slightly decreasing conductivity occurred after stirred for 42h.It was not surprise because of condensation polymerization between free silanol groups (Si-OH)from hydrolysis of BTESPT silane following the above reaction equilibrium.So the results indicated that the fresh BTESPT silane solution should be hydrolyzed about 42h with continuous stirring at room temperature,so that it can be workable.2.2Electrochemical tests result sFig.2displays polarization curves of untreated sample and substrates treated with different procedures.The samples were immersed in 0.6mol/L NaCl solution at pH 7for 15min before data acquisition prior to the test.As compared with the blank,the corrosion potentials and cathodic slopes of the coated samples had little change,which agreed withliteratures [17–19],which stated that the silane and cerium did not play a determinative effect in the cathodic branch.In Fig.2presentation,however,the slopes of the coated samples in the anodic branch showed a great variation compared with the blank control.The reduction of anodic current density of the samples by the coatings indicated that the anodic dissolu-tion process of the aluminum matrix was somehow inhibited or postponed by the coatings deposition.Table 2showed the date fitting results of the Tafel polari-zation curves with Cview software.The corrosion current density decreased by one decade when treated by cerium or silane,the composite coating gave the bestanti-corrosionFig.2Tafel polarization curves of samplesTable 2Fitting results of the Tafel polarization curvesSamples Self-corrosion current/(A/cm 2)Blank sample 1.765×10–4Cerium coating 3.158×10–5S 36×–5×–6ig .1H d ro l s iso E P si lan es ol u ti onila ne c oa tin g .1910Com po site c oa ting7.29910120JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS,Vol.28,No.1,Feb.2010effect;the corrosion current density was decreased by two orders of the magnitude.Fig.3presents the EIS spectra,obtained for coupons treated with different procedures including the blank sample,BTESPT silane layer,rare earth cerium layer and silane-rare earth composite layer,after immersion in the 0.6mol/L NaCl solution about pH 7for 15min.The difference in protective efficiency among the tested treatments can be obtained from the lower frequency limit of the impedance,which was a simple parameter used to evaluate the corrosion resistance ofcovered electrodes [6–8].Considering that in the present work the lowest frequency employed was 10mHz,the resistance measured at this point was used to evaluate the corrosion behavior qualitatively.A comparison of R10mHz values of Bode diagrams (Fig.3)shows a progressive increase from 1.6k /cm 2for the bare sample to 2.5k /cm 2for the cerium layer,to 5.0k /cm 2for the silane layer,and to 20k /cm 2for cerium-silane deposited layer.Clearly,the impedance values of the sample coated with cerium and silane at frequency of 10mHz were the highest,which means that composite conversion coating has the best corrosion resis-tance in the tested coatings at the lowest frequency.The Bode phase angle diagrams (Fig.3)for the tested samples depict two well-defined time constants.The one at higher frequencies (10kHz)with the maximum phase angle around 80°can be assigned to the presence of a film on the alumi-num tubes surface,whereas that at lower frequencies (10Hz)with the maximum phase angle around 65°can be related to the corrosion onset,as reported elsewhere [6,7,10,12,22,23].It was worthy of noting that the phase angle of composite treatment was around 90°in the higher frequency range,which means that the coating behaves closed to a capacitor.This behavior revealed an excellent protection on the sub-strate and was not observed in other two treatments.2.3Salt spray test result sThe salt spray test results are summarized in Table 3.Clearly,corrosion resistance of aluminum substrate were well improved by depositing coatings.However,the anti-corrosion time of composite coating was much longer than other two treatments,and the blank reflected that the samples with coatings can well endure corrosion when exposed to aggressive medium.These were in good agree-ment with electrochemical test results.2.4SEM/EDS analysisIn order to further study the morphology and investigate the composition of coatings on the samples,SEM and EDS were performed on the surface of aluminum-tubes before and after pretreatment.The corresponding SEM images of the samples are shown in Fig.4.Fig.4presents surface morphologies of the untreated and treated matrixs.Fig.4(a)reveals that the surface of untreated sample is not flat,with lots of creases and cracks.The sur-face morphology of BTESPT silane conversion film is shown in Fig.4(b).It can be seen that the film is uniformTable 3Results of salt spray testSamplesBlank Silane Cerium Silane+cerium Anti-corrosion time/h68148132226Fig.3EIS Bode plots of samples immersed in 3.5%NaClsolutionF S M f (),(),(),()ig.4E images o blank a sila ne treated b cerium tre ated c and silane-cerium tre ated d sam plesXIAO Wei et al.,Study on corrosion resistance of the BTESPT silane cooperating with rare earth cerium on the surface of (121)and compact,however,containing few micro-pores,cracks and areas with low cross-link density,which implies that si-lane molecules had been adsorbed onto the substrate and formed a thin coating on the matrix.Fig.4(c)shows the sur-face image of cerium treated substrate.It can be seen that the film is not continuous.Several micro-cracks and pinholes appear on the coating,which maybe develop during the dry-ing process.Consequently some areas of the substrate are exposed to the aggressive solution,decreasing its anti-cor-rosion ability.The composite treatment surface morphology is shown in Fig.4(d).Compared to the single cerium con-version film,the composite coating has fewer micro-cracks and pinholes,attributed to silane net-work formed before ce-rium deposition in the micro-cracks.Therefore,the compos-ite coating can prevent well aggressive corrosion medium from contacting with the substrates and improve signifi-cantly the anti-corrosive ability.Furthermore,some small white spherical particles were observed in the micro-cracks of the SEM images of Fig.4(c)and Fig.4(d).Maybe pitting corrosion was hindered by those white particles.A white particle selected at random between micro-cracks in Fig.4(d)was investigated with SEM and EDS,as shown in Fig.5,in order to better understand the mechanism of corrosion resis-tance with composite coating.The white spherical particles with high content of cerium were beset and embedded by si-lane net-work,which played a key role in protecting the sub-strate from the aggressive solution.2.5Mechanism analysisThe silane net-work was formed when the sampleswereF 5S M ()DS ()f z immersed into the workable BTESPT silane solution.The mechanism of the silane net-work formation has beendiscussed in the work of Zhu et al.[8–11].They described that,initially,the Si(OH)3groups hydrolyzed from the BTESPT silane solution were adsorbed through hydrogen bonds on the surface of the aluminium matrix,activated by immersing into 1.0mol/L NaOH solution for 1min,then reacted with the metallic hydroxides,leading to the formation of covalent bond with the native metal oxide (Si –O –M type bond).The excess of hydroxides silicon groups Si(OH)3may react to-gether in solution,leading to the formation of siloxane(Si –O –Si)network [12–16].The silane film acted as a physical barrier to retard the electrolyte penetration.As a result,the corrosion resistant capability of the aluminum-tube was im-proved significantly,because the corrosion current density decreased by one order of magnitude compared with the blank sample,which was in good agreement with the results of anti-corrosion time in salt spray tests with increase from 68h for the bare sample to 148h for the silane layer dis-cussed in aforesaid sections 2.2and 2.3.However,some mi-cro-cracks and pinholes are shown in Fig.4(b).The physical barrier function was lost once the coating has been saturated with the electrolyte after a period of time.Considering that some small white spherical particles were observed in the micro-cracks of the SEM and EDS images of Fig.4(c),which can block the micro-cracks and pinholes.When the samples treated with silane were immersed into cerium solu-tion,as shown in Fig.4(d),a lot of miniature corrosion batteries were formed between the micro-cracks and pin-holes on the surface of aluminum-tube resulted from uneven distribution of the energy,thus an anodic dissolution of alu-minum (Eq.(2))and cathodic reduction of molecular oxygen took place readily (Eqs.(3)and (4))[7,9,13,14,20]:Al →Al 3++3e (2)O 2+2H 2O+4e →4OH –(3)H 2O 2+2e →2OH –(4)The formation of these cerium oxide/hydroxide films oc-curs due to pH increase at the cathodic sites of alumi-num-tube according to the reduction reactions depicted above (Eqs.(3)and (4)).The local increase of pH at the ca-thodic sites is helpful to the whole process by dissolving the naturally formed aluminum oxide according to the anodic reaction shown above (Eq.(2)).When the pH of the com-posite solution exceeds 8,the cerium hydroxide or oxide films occur according to the following reaction equilibriums (Eqs.(5)and (6)).Ce 3++3OH –→Ce(OH)3(5)2Ce(OH)3→Ce 2O 3+3H 2O (6)It is noted that addition of H 2O 2has fourfold effects,which serves as (1)a complexing agent,(2)an oxidant,(3)a crystallisation inhibitor and (4)a source of OH –ions leading to precipitation reactions [24].Therefore,the deposition coat-y f y x W f ,y y y ,ig.E a a and E b images o the silane-cerium coatingat locali ed areasings were rapidl ormed when h drogen pero ide was added.hen the composite coating was ormed the elec-trol te penetration was blocked b the double la ers as122JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS,Vol.28,No.1,Feb.2010shown in Fig.6,which presents a better corrosion resistance with the corrosion current density decreased by one order of magnitude compared with single cerium or silane coating and by two orders of magnitude with the blank sample,and impedance values showed a progressive increase from 1.6k /cm 2at bare sample to 2.5k /cm 2for the cerium layer,to 5.0k /cm 2for the silane layer,to 20k /cm 2for the ce-rium-silane deposited layer,which were consistent with the results of salt spray tests.The composite coating was thicker compared to the single silane coating and more even to the cerium coating,indicated by the SEM images;the composition of the composite coating was mainly composed of Al,O,Ce,Si and S elements by the EDSimages.Fig.6Schematic diagram of composite coating on aluminum-tube3ConclusionsThe composite coating of aluminum-tube was formed with immersion into the workable BTESPT silane and ce-rium solution in turn.Polarization curves,impedance spec-troscopy and salt spray tests results revealed that the com-posite coating presented corrosion protection on alumi-num-tube,which was more effective than coatings with sin-gle silane or cerium treatment.The process of the treatment was simple and environmental friendly relative to the chro-mate treatment,which can be most likely to become a re-placement of chromate treatment for aluminum-tube and other metals.References:[1]Davenport A J,Isaacs H S,Kendig M W.Investigation of the role of cerium compounds as corrosion inhibitors for alumi-num.Corrosion Science,1991,32(5-6):653.[2]Bethencourt M,Botana F J,Cano M J,Marcos M.High pro-tective,environmental friendly and short-time developed con-version coatings for aluminium alloys.Applied Surface Sci-ence,2002,189(1-2):162.[3]Conde A,Arenas M A.,Frutos A de,Damborenea J de.Effec-tive corrosion protection of 8090alloy by cerium conversion coatings.Electrochimica A cta,2008,53(5):7760.[4]Palomino Luis M,Suegama Patr ícia H,Aoki Idalina V,Mon-temor M F,De Melo Herc ílio G.Electrochemical study of modified cerium-silane bi-layer on Al alloy 2024-T3.Corro-sion Science,2009,120(4):236.[5]Gu B S,Liu J H.Corrosion inhibition mechanism of rare earth metal on LC4Al alloy with split cell technique.Journal of Rare Earths,2006,24(1):89.[6]Tamborim S M,Maisonnave A P Z,Azambuja D S,Englert G f f f T3y xy y xy S f T y,,(6)5[7]Montemor M F,Sim es A M,Ferreira M G position and corrosion behaviour of galvanised steel treated with rare-earth salts:the effect of the cation.Progress in Organic Coatings,2002,44(2):111.[8]Zhu D Q,van Ooij W J.Corrosion protection of AA 2024-T3by bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide in sodium chloride solution:Part 2:mechanism for corrosion protection.Corro-sion Science,2003,45(10):2177.[9]Palanivel V,Zhu D Q,van Ooij W J.Nanoparticle-filled silane films as chromate replacements for aluminum alloys.Progress in Organic Coatings,2003,47(3-4):384.[10]Zhu D Q,van Ooij W J.Enhanced corrosion resistance of AA2024-T3and hot-dip galvanized steel using a mixture of bis-[triethoxysilylpropyl]tetrasulfide and bis-[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine.Electrochimica Acta,2004,49(7):1113.[11]Zhu D Q,van Ooij W J.Corrosion protection of metals by wa-ter-based silane mixtures of bis-[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine and vinyltriacetoxysilane.Progress in Organic Coatings,2004,49(1):42.[12]Palomino Luis E M,Suegamaa Patricia H,Aoki Idalina V,Paszti Zoltan,de Meloa Herclio G.Investigation of the corro-sion behaviour of a bilayer cerium-silane pre-treatment on Al 2024-T3in 0.1mol/L NaCl.Electrochimica Acta,2007,52(2):7496.[13]Van Ooij W J,Zhu D,Stacy M,Seth A,Mugada T,Gandhi J,Puomi P.Corrosion protection properties of organofunctional silanes-an overview.Tsinghua Science and Technology ,2005,10(6):639.[14]Raps D,Hack T,Wehr J,Zheludkevich M L,Bastos A C,Ferreira M G S,Nuyken O.Electrochemical study of inhibi-tor-containing organic-inorganic hybrid coatings on AA2024.Corrosion Science,2009,125(6):2173.[15]Hinton BRW,Wilson L.The corrosion inhibition of zinc withcerous chloride.Corrosion Science,1989,29(8):967.[16]Hinton B R W,Arnott D R,Ryan N E.Cerium conversioncoatings for the corrosion protection of aluminum.Materials Forum,1986,9(3):162.[17]Hinton BRW,Amoot D R.The characteristics of corrosion in-hibiting film formed in the presence of rare earth cations.Mi-crostructure Sci.,1989,17(2):311.[18]Arnott D R,Hinton B R W,Ryan N E.Cationic film forminginhibitors for the corrosion protection of AA 7075aluminum alloy in chloride solutions.Materials Performance,1987,26(8):42.[19]Arnott D R,Hinton B R W,Ryan N E.Cationic film forminginhibitors for the protection of AA 7075aluminum alloy against corrosion in aqueous chloride solution.Corrosion,1989,45(1):12.[20]Hinton B R W.Inventor metal cleaning treatment with acidicsolutions containing rare earth ions and suitable for desmutting.AU Patent patent,WO 08008,1995.[21]Peng T L,Man R L.Rare earth and silane as chromate replac-ers for corrosion protection on galvanized steel.Journal of Rare Earths,2009,27(1):159.[22]Cao C N.Corrosion Electrochemistry.Beijing:Chemical In-dustry Press (in Chin.),1994.[23]Zhang J Q,Cao C N.Study and evaluation on organic coatingsby electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Corrosion and Protection (in Chin.),1998,19(3):99.[24]Scholes F H,Soste C,Hughes A E,Hardin S G,Curtis P R.T f y x f S f S ,6,53()E.An electrochemical and super icial assessment o the corro-sion behavior o AA 2024-treated with metacr lo pro-p lmeth o silane and ceriu m nitrate.u r a ce a nd Co atingechnolog 2008202:991.he role o h drogen pero ide in the deposition o cerium-b ased con versio n coating s.Ap plied u r ace cience 20024:1770.。

第53卷•第12期•202()年12月包覆铝粉含量对耐高温涂层防腐蚀性能的影响研究李想「，史学海'，赵宁宁-杨树松2,崔道金2,郭小平3,刘栓彳(1.浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司，浙江杭州310003；2.宁波市轨道交通集团有限公司运营分公司，浙江宁波315201；3.中国科学院海洋新材料与应用技术重点实验室浙江省海洋材料与防护技术重点实验室中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所，浙江宁波315201)［摘要］有关铝含量对耐高温涂层防腐蚀性能的作用机制及含铝高温涂层的失效过程鲜有研究。

研制了一种有机无机复合耐高温防腐蚀涂料，采用乙氧基硅烷对球形铝粉进行表面包覆，然后在硅酸钾和硅溶胶中加入硅烷偶联剂(KH560)、耐高温填料、包覆铝粉、冰醋酸、水和助剂制备了常温自干型耐高温防腐蚀涂料。

涂层固化后具有良好的耐高温、防腐蚀蚀和耐化学品性。

采用电化学测试技术、耐盐水浸泡和盐雾试验探究了不同铝粉含量对涂层防腐蚀性能的影响机制。

结果表明：添加包覆铝粉可以提高涂层致密性，并有效抑制基底金属发生电化学腐蚀反应。

当铝粉含量达到48%(质量分数)时，所制备的涂层具有最佳的防腐蚀性能。

［关键词］硅溶胶；耐高温涂料；包覆铝粉；电化学腐蚀；失效［中图分类号］TQ630.1［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1001-1560(2020)12-0061-07Study on the Effect of Aluminum Powders Content on the CorrosionResistance of High Temperature Resistant CoatingLI Xiang',SHI Xue-hai1,ZHAO Ning-ning2,YANG Shu-song2,CUI Dao-Jin2,GUO Xiao-ping3.LIU Shuan3(1.Zhejiang Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou310003,China；2.Ningbo Rail Transit Group Co.,Ltd.Operation Branch,Ningbo315201,China；3.Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technologies and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo315201,China)Abstract:Less studies were researched on the active mechanism of corrosion resistance of high temperature resistant coating and the failure process of Al-contained coatings.In this work,an organic-inorganic composite high temperature resistant anticorrosive coating was developed. Firstly,the aluminum powder was coated with ethoxysilane,and then the normal temperature self-drying anticorrosive coating was prepared by adding silane coupling agent(KH560),high temperature resistant filler,coated aluminum powder,glacial acetic acid,water and additives into potassium silicate and silica sol.The as- prepared coating exhibited good high temperature resistance,corrosion resistance and chemical resistance.Furthermore,the influence mechanism of adding different aluminum powder content on the corrosion resistance of the coating was studied by electrochemical testing technology,salt water immersion resistance and salt spray test.Results showed that the addition of coated aluminum powder could improve the compactness of the coating and effectively inhibit the electrochemical corrosion reaction of the base metal. When the content of aluminum powder reached48%(mass fraction),the prepared coating exhibited the best anticorrosion performance.Key words:silica sol；high temperature resistant coating；coated aluminum powder；electrochemical corrosion；failure0前言耐温防腐蚀涂料一般是指在200X.以上漆膜不变色、不脱落，仍能保持适当力学性能的涂料。

金属材料专业英语Material Science 材料科学Material Science Definition 材料科学定义Machinability [məʃi:nə'biliti] 加工性能Strength .[streŋθ] 强度Corrosion & resistance durability.[kə'rəʊʒən] &[ri'zistəns] .[ 'djʊrə'bɪlətɪ] 抗腐蚀及耐用Special metallic features 金属特性Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection 抗敏感及环境保护[ə'lə:dʒik]Chemical element 化学元素'elimənt]Atom of Elements 元素的原子序数Atom and solid material 原子及固体物质Atom Constitutes 原子的组织图['kɔnstitju:t]Periodic Table 周期表[,piəri'ɔdik] adj. 周期的；定期的Atom Bonding 原子键结合Metal and Alloy 金属与合金['ælɔi, ə'lɔi]Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属['ferəs] adj. [化]亚铁的；铁的，含铁的Features of Metal 金属的特性Crystal Pattern 晶体结构['kristəl] n. 水晶；结晶，晶体；水晶饰品adj. 水晶的；透明的，清澈的Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格['lætis] n. 格子；格架；晶格vt. 使成格子状X –ray crystal analytics method X线结晶分析法[,ænə'litik,-kəl]Metal space lattice 金属结晶格子Lattice constant 点阵常数Mill's Index 米勒指数Metal Phase and Phase Rule金相及相律Solid solution 固熔体Substitutional type solid solution 置换固熔体[,sʌbstitju:ʃənəl]Interstitial solid solution 间隙固熔体[,intə'stiʃəl]n. 填隙原子；节间adj. 间质的；空隙的；填隙的Intermetallic compound 金属间化合物[,intəmi'tælik] ['k ɔmpaund, kəm'paund]vt. 混合；合成；和解妥协；搀合vi. 妥协；和解n. 化合物；复合词；混合物adj. 复合的；混合的Transformation 转变Transformation Point 转变点Magnetic Transformation 磁性转变[mæɡ'netik] Allotropic Transformation 同素转变[mæɡ'netik] adj. [化]同素异形的Thermal Equilibrium 热平衡['θə:məl] adj. 热的，热量的n. 上升暖气流adj. 热的，热量的[,i:kwi'libriəm] Degree of freedom 自由度Critical temperature 临界温度Eutectic 共晶[ju:'tektik]n. 共熔合金adj. 共熔的；容易溶解的Peritectic [.peri’tektik] Temperature包晶温度Peritectic Reaction 包晶反应Peritectic Alloy 包晶合金Hypoeutectic Alloy 亚共晶体[,haipəuju'tektik]n. 低级低共熔体adj. 亚共晶的Hypereutectic Alloy 过共晶体Plastic Deformation 金属塑性[,di:fɔ:'meiʃən] n. 变形Slip Plan 滑动面Distortion 畸变[dis'tɔ:ʃən]Work Hardening 硬化Annealing 退火Crystal Recovery 回复柔软Recrystallization 再结晶[ri:,kristəlai'zeiʃən]Properties & testing of metal 金属材料的性能及试验Chemical Properties 化学性能['prɔpəti]Physical Properties 物理性能Magnetism 磁性['mæɡnitizəm]Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比电阻Specific gravity & specific density比重Specific Heat比热热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion['mæɡnitizəm] n. 协同因素；[数]系数；[物]率adj. 合作的；共同作用的['θə:məl] adj. 热的，热量的n. 上升暖气流导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties [mi'kænikəl] adj. 机械的；呆板的；力学的；无意识的；手工操作的屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strength)弹性限度、杨氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Young’s module of elasticity to yield point [i'læstik] adj. 有弹性的；易伸缩的；灵活的n. 松紧带；橡皮圈['mɔdju:l, -dʒu:l] n. 模数；模块；组件[,elæs'tisəti] n. 弹性；弹力；灵活性伸长度[,i:lɔŋ'ɡeiʃən, i,lɔŋ-]断面缩率Reduction of area [ri'dʌkʃən]破坏性检验destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection [,reidiəu'græfik] adj. 射线照相术的超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection [,ʌltrə'sɔnik] adj. 超音速的；超声的n. 超声波显微观察法Microscopic inspection [,maikrə'skɔpik]破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test [fə'ti:ɡ] n. 疲劳，疲乏；杂役vt. 使疲劳；使心智衰弱vi. 疲劳adj. 疲劳的蠕变试验Creep Test [kri:p] vi. 爬行；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩；蔓延n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感觉；谄媚者潜变强度Creeps Strength第一潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard –Ferrous & Non –ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction导磁率[系数,性] Magnetic Permeability [,pə:miə'biliti] n. 弥漫；渗透性；[物]透磁率，导磁系数磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) [sə,septə'biləti] 磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场 (Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子 (Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetisms, Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetisms 抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole ['daipəul]负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility [sə,septə'biləti]铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons ['veiləns] n. [化]价；原子价；化合价；[生]效价化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization [spɔn'teiniəs] 磁畴 Magnetic domain [dəu'mein] n. 领域；产业；地产；[计]域名相反旋转 Opposite span ['ɔpəzit, -sit]比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体 Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相 Steel Phases ['feisi:z] n. 阶段，时期（phase 的复数形式）v. 逐步实行（phase的三单形式）钢铁的名称 Name of steel铁素体Ferrite ['ferait]渗碳体 Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共析钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属 Single Phase Metal共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体 Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid [haip] n. 大肆宣传；皮下注射vt. 大肆宣传；使…兴奋粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite [kɔ:s] adj. 粗糙的；下等的；粗俗的中珠光体 Medium Pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel [,mænju'fæktʃəriŋ]连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit ['səukiŋ] n. 浸湿，浸透adj. 湿透的，极湿的adv. 湿透地全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel [rim] n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈vi. 作…的边，装边于vt. 作…的边，装边于钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧 The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢以元素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢 Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢 Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel [sʌl'fjuərik]硬化性能 Hardenability钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel ['britlnis] n. 脆弱性；脆性，脆度低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材 Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104 铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105 [krəum]镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102 ['nikəl] n. 镍；镍币；五分镍币vt. 镀镍于镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard ['mæŋɡə,ni:s, ,mæŋɡə'ni:z]片及板材 Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141) 简介 General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片 Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准 JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片 (双单光片)的编号浅释 Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141 [,di:'kəudiŋ] n. 译码；解码v. 破译；译解（decode的ing形式）材料的加工性能 Drawing ability硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表 Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法 Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method [kɔil] vt. n. 延长；伸长；延伸率；伸长率盘绕，把…卷成圈n. 卷；线圈vi. 成圈状冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test ['tensail, -səl] adj. [物]拉力的；可伸长的；可拉长的拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test [,i:lɔŋ'ɡeiʃən, i,lɔŋ-]杯突测试(厚度: 公厘至公厘，准确至公厘 3个试片平均数 ) Erichsen test (Thickness: to , figure round up to曲面(假曲率) Camber厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火) Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度 Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示 General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈 Rust Protection生锈速度表 Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding [səb'mə:dʒd] adj. 水下的，在水中的v. 使陷入；潜入水中（submerge的过去分词）电阻焊 Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况 Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ µ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变 Aging & Stretcher Strains 日工标准(JIS G3141)[strein] n. 张力；拉紧；血缘；负担；扭伤vi. 拉紧；尽力vt. 拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力冷辘钢片化学成份 Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式 Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass 日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表 Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141 冷辘钢片订货需知[,θiə'retikəl, ,θi:ə-] adj. 理论的；假设的；理论上的；推理的Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号) JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet [kə'rəuʒən] n. 腐蚀；腐蚀产生的物质；衰败上漆能力 Paint Adhesion [əd'hi:ʒən] n. 支持；粘附；固守电镀锌钢片的焊接 Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet ['ɡælvənaiz] vt. 通电；镀锌；刺激点焊 Spot welding滚焊 Seam welding [si:m] n. 缝；接缝vt. 缝合；接合；使留下伤痕Vi. 裂开；产生裂缝电镀锌(电解)钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程 Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度 Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass [ziŋk]表面处理 Surface Treatment冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass [,θiə'retikəl, ,θi:ə-] 锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准 JIS G3303)简介 General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程 Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量 Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层 Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层 Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记 Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度 Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮) Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类 Type of Steel常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet简介 General软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线 Narrow Hysteresis矫顽磁力 Coercive Force [kəu'ə:siv] adj. 强制的；高压的；胁迫的硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处 The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented ['ɔ:rientid, 'əu-] adj. 定向的；导向的；以…为方向的v. 调整；确定…的方位；使朝向（orient的过去分词）电器用硅 [硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格 End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类 Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets [,insju'leiʃən, 'insə-] n. 绝缘；隔离，孤立晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片 Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel 晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数 (日工标准及美材标准) Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火 Annealing [ə'ni:l]电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary碳污染 Prevent Carbon Contamination [kən,tæmi'neiʃən] n. 污染，玷污；污染物热力应先从工件边缘透入 Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges ['læmineitid] adj. 层压的；层积的；薄板状的v. 分成薄片；用薄片覆盖（laminate的过去分词）提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation [ik'sesiv] [,ɔksi'deiʃən]应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面 Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘 [低碳] 钢片 Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片 Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀铝硅合金钢片的特色 Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途 End Usages抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314) Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314 镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准 (ASTM A-463-77) JIS G3314 镀热浸铝片的机械性能 Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差 Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程 Aluminum Steel Sheet, ProductionFlow Chart焊接能力 Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片) Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板 Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准 Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢 Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义 Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel [kə'rəuʒən] n. 腐蚀；腐蚀产生的物质；衰败铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel [pri,sipi'tei ʃən] n. 坠落；沉淀，沉淀物；鲁莽；冰雹铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless 表面处理 Surface finish 薄卷片及薄片至厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from to – strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties ofSpring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel –Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge [ɡeidʒ] n. 计量器；标准尺寸；容量规格vt. 估计；测量；给…定规格不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat –resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片 Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料 Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条 Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条 Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条 Convex Spring Strip [kɔn'veks] adj. 凸面的；凸圆的n. 凸面体；凸状拉尺发条 Measure Tape魔术手环 Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图 Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条 Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力 Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring [tɔ:k] n. 转矩，扭矩；项圈，金属领圈定型发条的形状及翻动过程 Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途 High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式 The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel Strip SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤长的重量 /公斤(阔 100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度 (阔 100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公尺长的重量 /公斤(阔公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤之长度 (阔公厘) Length per one kg (Width高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip分类 Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片 Carbon Steel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态 Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished淬火剂 Quenching Media碳钢回火 Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火 High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing [di'fju:ʒən] n. 扩散，传播；[物]漫射低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing中途退火 Process Annealing球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching [kwentʃ] vt. 结束；熄灭，淬火；解渴；冷浸vi. 熄灭；平息时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准 Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层 Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍 Nickel Plated镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属 Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal 不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal [beis] n. 底部；垒；基础adj. 卑鄙的；低劣的vt. 以…作基础黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal轴承合金 Bearing Alloy轴承合金–日工标准 JIS H 5401 Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表 Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose 易溶合金 Fusible Alloy焊接合金 Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊 Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准 JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊 Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材 Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品 Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准 JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线 (退火低碳钢线 )，铅水线 (镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注 Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol ofGrade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能 Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝 Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份 Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter/ dai'æmitə] Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材 Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份 AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表 Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝 High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506) 冷拉高碳钢线 Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire (to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表 Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准 G 3521) Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准 G3522) Piano Wires (to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径 Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters 直径，公差及拉力强度 Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength ['twistiŋ] n. 缠绕；旋扭法；扭转；诱骗adj. 缠绕的；曲折的；转动的v. 编成；盘绕；扭曲（twist 的ing形式） ['tensail, -səl] adj. [物]拉力的；可伸长的；可拉长的裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层 Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer [pə'misibl] [flɔ:]常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份Stainless Spring Wire – National Standard number, Characteristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition 弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况 Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表 Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会 ASTM A313 –1987 Chromium –Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987 化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份 (先数字后字母排列) JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份 (先数字后字母排列) AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet) ['ælfəbit] n. 字母表，字母系统；入门，初步易车碳钢 Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 ) 化学成份 Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差 Toleranceon Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar [hek'sæɡənəl] adj. 六边的，六角形的易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类 Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ= 1/100 mm) Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance [ɡraind]vt. 磨碎；磨快vi. 磨碎；折磨n. 磨；苦工作易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较 Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线 Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire [pri'siʒən] n. 精确；精度，精密度adj. 精密的，精确的加工方法 Manufacturing Method应用材料 Material Used特点 Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料 Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差 Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差 Square Wire Tolerance专业知识材料科学基础常用英语词汇物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection 化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant米勒指数 Mill's Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution 插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection 不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections 渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal 磁力 Magnetic简介 General软磁 Soft Magnetic硬磁 Hard Magnetic磁场 Magnetic Field磁性感应 Magnetic Induction透磁度 Magnetic Permeability磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization磁畴 Magnetic domain相反旋转 Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准 G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准 G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141) 简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – AmericanSociety for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet 冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 公厘至公厘，准确至公厘 3个试片平均数) Erichsen test (Thickness: to , figure round up to 曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度 Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ μ m2)。

铝氧化和不氧化有什么区别呢？今天小编摘取了网上的一些答复，仅供参考。

答复1：氧化过的铝在其外表会构成致密氧化膜，因而抗腐蚀性增加，并且熔沸点也会增高，可作为耐热资料，而不氧化的铝就没有这些性质！答复2：氧化过的铝由于有了一层三氧化氯氧化膜，所以耐腐蚀，化学性质比铝更稳定。

还有，铝和酸碱反响时能够放出氢气，氧化铝就没气体答复3：氧化后外表会生成致密的氧化膜，让里面的铝不再继续氧化答复4：区别很大不氧化的铝放在空气中很容易被腐蚀掉从而呈现黄斑或者黑斑而氧化的产品长时间放在空气中不会呈现现象铝氧化公司欢送您的咨询。

What is the difference between the aluminum oxide and non oxide? Today Xiaobian pick some answers online, for reference only.Answer 1: the over oxidation of aluminum will form dense oxide film on its surface, and the corrosion resistance increases, and the melting point and boiling point will be higher, can be used as heat resistant materials, not oxidation of aluminum have these properties!Answer 2: the over oxidation of aluminum with a layer of three chlorine oxide film, so the corrosion resistance, more chemically stable than aluminum. Also, aluminum and acid-base reaction to release hydrogen alumina no gasReply 3: after oxidation appearance will generate a dense oxide film, get inside, no longer continue to oxidation of aluminumAnswer 4: there is a huge difference not oxidation of aluminum is fairly easy to put in the air has been removed by erosion so as to appear macular or dark spots and oxidation products a long time not in the air phenomenonAluminum oxidation company welcome your advice..。

White PaperAlloy selectionProbably the most significant trend in the instrumentation products world today is the design of increasinglycorrosion-resistant systems. Led by oil and gas companies, instrumentation and piping engineers are now focusing far more attention on the materials used to fabricate valves, manifolds and tubing systems. In the offshore project world, for example, Parker Hannifin is currently seeing exponential growth in the use of 6Mo in preference to traditional 316 stainless steel. So, why are so many choosing that particular material?How do you select the best and most cost-effective alloy for the job - something that’s going to resist corrosion for a design life of say 20 or more years? In the past, for harsh applications such as offshore oil and gas fields, the answer always seemed to be ‘316’ - because it was a “stainless” steel and appeared to provide the most cost-efficient answer. But corrosion remains unchecked and continues to wreak havoc on infrastructure, posing both an economic threat and a human safety risk. The problem is becoming even more pressing, because most operators now want to extend the life expectancy of offshore infrastructureand are operating in ever more remote and harsh environments.Evaluating material performance does not come easily to most instrumentation and pipingengineers: it’s a complex branch of science, and even if they were lucky enough to have a materials science component as one of their courses, it was probably very generalised covering a broad range of materials, such as ceramics and polymers, as well as metals. In addition, the metallurgical portion addressed a wide range of metals that would not have application in oil and gas. What would be beneficial would be a solidbasis of metallurgical principles that target both upstream and downstream use.Not so long ago, corrosion resistance would be tested and scored using qualitative terms, such as ‘resistant’, ‘somewhat resistant’, and ‘not resistant’. ‘Somewhat resistant’ may sound like a reasonable choice for an application, but this loose descriptive category can encompass a range of damage that many engineers would probably not be comfortable with when specifying a material for continued exposure on a platformwith, say, a 30 year lifecycle.Measurement of relative corrosion resistancePitting and crevice corrosion are a major cause of corrosion failure of series 300 stainless steels in aqueous chloride environments such as offshore oil and gas platforms. Once a pit or crevice corrosion site is initiated it will continueto propagate rapidly, leading to failure of the component.PREN, CPT and CCT stand for Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number, Critical Pitting Temperature,and Critical Crevice Corrosion Temperature. Understanding these acronyms takes you a long way towards choosing the best material for the job.CPT is the temperature at whichthe onset of pitting occurs, and CCT is the temperature of the onset of crevice corrosion. The quantitative measurement of pitting and crevice corrosion resistance is performedby the ASTM G150 test (in lieu ofthe ASTM G48). These standard tests are useful for determiningthe relative corrosion resistanceof corrosion resistant alloys (CRA)in environments similar to the test environment.PREN is an empirically developed guideline that indicates the relative corrosion resistance of CRA (corrosion resistant alloys) materials, based upon the percentages ofthe key elemental components of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and nitrogen. The PREN formula is:PREN = %chromium +3.3(%molybdenum + 0.5% W) +16(%N)CPT and CCT numbers provide uswith a quantitative measurementof the likelihood of pitting andcrevice corrosion resistance. Whencombined with the PREN, (which isqualitative in nature) as in the Table,they can provide a simple approachto predicting a material’s suitabilityfor a specific application. When CPTand CCT measurements for a specificlot of material are not available,the PREN can act as indicative ofthe performance in the corrosiveenvironment when compared toother materials composed of theseelements. Though not a componentof the PREN number, nickel isimportant for determining thephase balance of the material whichcan have a significant effect on thecorrosion resistance of the material.These measured values, coupledwith knowledge of the mechanismsof corrosion (which is beyond thescope of this short article), can helppredict a material’s useful servicelife in harsh applications andenvironments, in order to guide theselection of the most cost-effectivealloys. The table shows us why 316is not always the best choice: it canbe subject to pitting and crevicecorrosion at ambient temperatures.Crevice corrosion is the most difficultto prevent, both because of thelower temperature for the onset ofthis corrosion mechanism and thedifficulty in minimizing crevicesin the design and installation ofequipment.If you factor relative material costsinto this table, it becomes obviouswhy we’re seeing the growth inthe use of 6Mo. It should also benoted that there is no “silver bullet”wherein there is one material thatcan economically perform well inevery application. 6Mo, though thematerial of choice for many offshoreapplications, isn’t a ‘blanket solution’for all offshore applications. In somecases, the temperature is too highor the H2S content (which causesanother type of corrosion failure) istoo great to resist the environment.Table 1. Comparing alloys using PREN, CPTand CCT.Parker Hannifin ManufacturingInstrumentation Products Division EuropeRiverside Road BarnstapleUnited Kingdomphone 0044 1271 /ipd© 2017 Parker Hannifin CorporationOf course, the numbers don’t tell us everything we need to know about a material, but they do provide a helpful initial guide before other properties such as allowable yield and tensile strength are factored into the selection process.The Parker Hannifin Corporation is involved in many large project applications, and it’s common for a material to be pre-selected in the specification document. We’ve learned in recent years that it’s worth exploring that decision in depth before generating the quote - to ensure it’s been thoroughly analysed for all the environmental and process environments across the project, such as methanol and chemical injection, H2S and chloride compositions, and so on. Although metallurgical know-how is becoming quite common on the project teams run by operators and their EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contractors, it’s just as important that this expertise is integral on the supplier side as well. Once the alloy selection is finalised, the next step is to ensure optimal processing of the material tomaximise the chemical resistance and minimise undesirable inclusions and post processing variations, such as improper heat treating and/or annealing.An in-depth understanding ofmaterials throughout the production, purchasing and subsequent processing/machining phasesinvolved in creating instrumentation products is absolutely critical. For instance, not all T-316 is equal to other heats of T-316 stainless steel. The more expensive alloying elements are minimised or “leaned out” to yield maximum profit by the mill. The allowable range of molybdenum, for example, is 2-3%, yet the difference in corrosionresistance of 2.5% molybdenum content versus 2% is dramatic Also, poorly processed T-316stainless steel when viewed under a microscope (Figure 1), can contain an undesirable number of inclusions and impurities in the material,which can become initiation sites for corrosion.A major element of the background of Parker Hannifin is materials expertise, derived in great part from its heavy involvement in the aerospace and semiconductor industries. That experience also incorporates all aspects of the supply chain. Virtually all Parker’s materials are purchased from mills and foundries in Western Europe, which operate to the highest possible quality standards. These, in turn, are monitored by Parker’s technical team, who also subject thosematerials to a range of tests, ensuring that the material meets or exceeds the desired specification. A greatexample of this would be Parker’s NORSOK approved 6Mo material to meet the M-650 standard.Combine this attention to detail with design features on instrumentation products which are also important to avoid corrosion - for example the way that fittings grip the tube without opening up an avenue for corrosion - and good installation practice, you have a solid foundation for building instrumentation systems with genuine longevity.In summary and in a morelighthearted vein, Parker Hannifin is exorcising the very concept of ‘exotic materials’ as much as possible from its vocabulary. In industry, the word, exotic means rare and hard to get. At Parker Hannifin, these corrosion resistant alloy solutions are readily available and already installed to a huge array of mega projects aroundthe world.Figure 1. Low quality 316 Austenitic stainless steel with lots of inclusions and detrimental phases: manganese sulphides (grey), delta-ferrite stringers (blue) and intermetallic sigma phase (orange). Source: Parker HannifinAnti-corrosion Code White Paper 01/17。

【推荐】金属材料词汇物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant米勒指数 Mill's Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力 Magnetic简介 General软磁 Soft Magnetic硬磁 Hard Magnetic磁场 Magnetic Field磁性感应 Magnetic Induction透磁度 Magnetic Permeability磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization磁畴 Magnetic domain相反旋转 Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准 G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准 G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度 Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力 Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass表面处理 Surface Treatment冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准 JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass 镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度 Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类 Type of Steel表面处理 Surface Finish常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet简介 General软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线 Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力 Coercive Force硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅 [硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片 Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary碳污染 Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, & SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面 Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical 电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘 [低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片 Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介 General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差 Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力 Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义 Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理 Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) –strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片 Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条 Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条 Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条 Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条 Measure Tape魔术手环 Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条 Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip 贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火 Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing中途退火 Process Annealing球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip简介 General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍 Nickel Plated镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金 Bearing Alloy简介General轴承合金–日工标准 JIS H 5401Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金 Fusible Alloy焊接合金 Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊 Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准 JIS H 4341Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊 Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准 JIS G 3532Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线 (镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire(to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准 G 3521)Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准 G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire – National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会 ASTM A313 – 1987Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 –1987化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet)易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份 Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类 Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ = 1/100 mm)Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance。

第53卷第8期表面技术2024年4月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·63·腐蚀与防护钽掺杂对多层Ta-DLC薄膜摩擦及腐蚀行为的影响李超1,2，孙刚3，马国佳3，吴俊升1*，张博威1，张昊泽3（1.北京科技大学 新材料技术研究院，北京 100083；2.中国航发动力股份有限公司，西安 710021；3.中国航空制造技术研究院a.高能束流加工技术重点实验室b.先进表面工程技术航空重点实验室，北京 100024）摘要：目的解决316L不锈钢在苛刻海洋环境中易磨损、易腐蚀的问题。

方法采用中频磁控溅射技术在316L 不锈钢上沉积了Ta/TaN/TaCN/Ta-DLC薄膜。

通过扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、纳米压痕、往复摩擦磨损试验和电化学测试等手段，重点研究了DLC膜层中Ta元素掺杂含量对薄膜结构、组成成分、力学性能、摩擦学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响规律。

结果随着Ta元素含量（原子数分数）从2.04%增到4.16%，薄膜中的sp3键含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势，当Ta原子数分数为3.60%时，薄膜中sp3键含量最高，且薄膜的硬度及弹性模量达到最大，分别为7.01 GPa和157.87 GPa。

随着Ta元素含量的增加，薄膜的平均摩擦因数逐渐减小，在4.16%（原子数分数）时达到最小0.21。

Ta元素含量对薄膜的结合力影响较小，且所有薄膜结合力总体在10 N左右。

当Ta原子数分数为3.60%时，薄膜的腐蚀电流密度及钝化电流密度最小，分别为0.006 μA/cm2和0.63 μA/cm2，比其他薄膜的低1~2个数量级，并且薄膜电阻及电荷转移电阻最大，展现出最为优异的耐腐蚀性能。

结论 Ta元素的掺杂提高了薄膜的耐摩擦性能，且适当的Ta元素掺杂能够提高Ta/TaN/TaCN/Ta-DLC薄膜的耐磨耐蚀性能。

关键词：DLC薄膜；磁控溅射；腐蚀；摩擦磨损；元素掺杂中图分类号：TG147 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2024)08-0063-11DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2024.08.006Effects of Tantalum Doping on Friction and CorrosionBehavior of Multilayer Ta-DLC FilmsLI Chao1,2, SUN Gang3, MA Guojia3, WU Junsheng1*, ZHANG Bowei1, ZHANG Haoze3(1. Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. AECC Aviation Power Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710021, China;3. a. Science and Technology on Power Beam Processes Laboratory,b. Aeronautical Key Laboratory for Advanced Surface, A VIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing 100024, China)ABSTRACT: Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are widely applied in material protection due to high hardness, excellent wear收稿日期：2023-05-11；修订日期：2023-10-03Received：2023-05-11；Revised：2023-10-03基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51771027）；北京市自然科学基金（2212037）；国家科技基础资源调查专项（2019FY101400）Fund：National Nature Science Foundation of China (51771027); Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (2212037); National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China (2019FY101400)引文格式：李超, 孙刚, 马国佳, 等. 钽掺杂对多层Ta-DLC薄膜摩擦及腐蚀行为的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(8): 63-73.LI Chao, SUN Gang, MA Guojia, et al. Effects of Tantalum Doping on Friction and Corrosion Behavior of Multilayer Ta-DLC Films[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(8): 63-73.*通信作者（Corresponding author）·64·表面技术 2024年4月resistance, and corrosion resistance. To solve the problem that 316L stainless steel is prone to wear and corrosion in the environment of marine friction and corrosion, Ta/TaN/TaCN/Ta-DLC films were deposited on 316L stainless steel by mid-frequency magnetron sputtering technology. The surface morphology, cross-sectional morphology, and corrosion morphology of the prepared films were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to analyze the electronic structure of carbon element, chemical bond information, and phase composition in DLC films, respectively. The tribological and mechanical properties were tested by scratch method, nanoindentation test, and friction and wear test. The corrosion resistance of the films was tested by the electrochemical method. The effect of Ta element content in DLC film on the structure, composition, mechanical properties, tribological properties and corrosion resistance of the film was studied.The results showed that all films had a smooth surface and small surface cluster particles. When the doping content of Ta element was 2.04at.%, there were defects on the surface of the film. With the content of Ta element increased from 2.04at.% to4.16at.%, the sp3 carbon in the film showed a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing. The content of sp3 carbon in thefilm was the highest when the Ta content was 3.60at.%. The Ta element was mainly present in the forms of TaO and TaC in the surface DLC layer. Ta doping had little effect on film adhesion, and the adhesion of all films was about 10 N. When the Ta element doping content was 2.04at.%, the adhesion decreased slightly due to obvious defects in the film. With the increase of the doping content of Ta element in the Ta-DLC layer, the nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the films showed a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing, which was consistent with the changing trend of sp3 carbon content in the Ta-DLC film, indicating that the change of carbon electronic structure in the Ta-DLC film layer played a major role in the nano-hardness of the film. The average friction coefficient of 316L stainless steel was 0.87, and the friction coefficient of the prepared film was generally between 0.21-0.43. Under the action of low load, the film had a good protective effect on 316L stainless steel. In addition, with the increase of the Ta element content, the average friction coefficient of the films gradually decreased, reaching a minimum of 0.21 at 4.16at.%. When the Ta element content was 3.60at.%, the corrosion current density and passivation current density of the film were 0.006 μA/cm2 and 0.63 μA/cm2, respectively, which were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than other films, and its film resistance and charge transfer resistance were the largest, showing the most excellent corrosion resistance. In short, the doping of the Ta element improves the friction resistance of Ta/TaN/TaCN/Ta-DLC film, and the appropriate doping amount of the Ta element can improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ta/TaN/TaCN/Ta-DLC film.KEY WORDS: DLC film; magnetron sputtering; corrosion; friction and wear; element doping类金刚石碳基薄膜（DLC）具有摩擦因数低、耐磨耐腐蚀性能优良及化学稳定性良好等优点，被广泛应用于材料的表面防护中[1-3]。

铁基非晶合金耐腐蚀性能研究进展马海健【摘要】The corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous alloys has important engineering significance in the field of functional and structural materials.In this paper,the effect of minor alloying additions,structural relaxation,nanocrystallization and free volume on the corrosion resistance of iron-based amorphous alloys are summarized,a brief account of latest research developments in corrosion resistance and mechanism of iron-based amorphous alloys are introduced.%铁基非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能对其在功能及结构材料领域的应用具有重要的工程意义。

本文总结了微合金化元素添加、结构弛豫、纳米晶化、自由体积等对铁基非晶耐腐蚀性能的影响,对近年来铁基非晶耐腐蚀性能及其机理的研究进展进行了简要的介绍。

【期刊名称】《潍坊学院学报》【年(卷),期】2012(000)002【总页数】6页(P79-84)【关键词】铁基非晶合金;耐腐蚀性能;纳米晶化【作者】马海健【作者单位】潍坊学院,山东潍坊261061【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TG139非晶态合金由于具有长程无序短程有序的结构特性而使其具有独特的物理、化学性能。

自1967年杜威茨开发出世界上第一个铁基非晶之后，由于其具有优异的软磁性能而引发了世界范围的非晶研究热潮［1］。

铁基非晶铁芯已广泛应用于配电变压器行业。

阀门维修及保养方法多年的阀门维修过程中，江阴市欧雷斯对阀门的损坏认为;大部分的起因多是缺乏防护意识，对使用中的阀门几乎没有定期进行保养性阀门修理，一直到阀门损坏严重，严重不符合生产要求后才进行阀门更换或阀门检修，对生产有着不良的负面影响！以下是欧雷斯阀门维修厂综合各类阀门维修信息，对阀门维修及保养方法提供以下建议：希望对阀门使用单位及阀门维修单位有所帮助：一、阀体锈蚀与防护阀体(包罗阀盖)，占了阀门的大局部分量，又处在与介质的常常接触中，所以选用阀门，往往从阀体资料动身。

阀体的锈蚀不过两种方式，即化学锈蚀和电化学锈蚀。

它的锈蚀速度决议于介质的温度、压力、化学功能以及阀体资料的抗锈蚀才能。

锈蚀速度分为六等：1、完全耐蚀：锈蚀速度低于0.001毫米/年；2、极耐蚀：锈蚀速度0.001至0.01毫米/年；3、耐蚀：锈蚀速度0.01至0.1毫米/年；4、尚耐蚀：锈蚀速度0.1至1.0毫米/年；5、耐蚀性差：锈蚀速度1.0至10毫米/年；6、不耐蚀：锈蚀速度大于10毫米/年。

阀体的防锈蚀，首要是准确选用资料。

固然防锈蚀的材料非常丰厚，但可否选得得当，照样不轻易的工作，由于锈蚀的问题很复杂，例如硫酸在浓度低时对钢材有很大的锈蚀性，浓度高时则使钢材发生钝化膜，能防锈蚀；氢只在高温高压下才显示对钢材的锈蚀性很强，氯气处于枯燥形态时锈蚀功能并不大，而有必然湿度时锈蚀功能很强，很多资料都不克不及用。

选择阀体资料的难处，还在于不克不及只思索锈蚀问题，还必需思索耐压耐温才能，经济上能否合理，购置能否轻易等要素。

所以必需专心才是。

其次是接纳衬里办法，如衬铅、衬铝、衬工程塑料、衬自然橡胶及各类组成橡胶等。

如介质前提答应，这却是一种节省的办法。

再次，在压力、温度不高的状况下，用非金属做阀门主体资料，往往能非常有用地防制锈蚀。

此外，阀体表面面还遭到大气锈蚀，普通钢铁资料都以刷漆来防护阀体的锈蚀损坏，首要是锈蚀介质惹起的；但是阀杆锈蚀景遇分歧，它的首要问题倒是填料。