Book_4_Unit_2_Grammar_动名词作主语、宾语

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必修四Unit 2 Working the Land耕耘II．Reading A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE所有人的开拓者Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.尽管袁隆平是一位中国最著名的科学家，但他却认为自己是一位农民，因为为了研究他要耕耘。

【注释：for引导的分句通常对前一个分句所说的话加以解释，提供判断的理由，但这个理由并非是真正的内在的原因。

如：The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟在歌唱。

试题：It’s dark now, _____ the street lights are on. A. because B. as C. since D. for 】Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body a re just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确，他那黑黝黝的脸庞和胳膊以及他那瘦小而强壮的身躯正像千千万万个中国农民一样，就是为他们，他已经奋斗了五十年。

【注释：①be like象：以…的典型方式eg. It's not like you to take offense.你不象会发脾气的人. ②struggle for为…而斗争；struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事，挣扎做某事；struggle against与…作斗争；struggle with和…作斗争；struggle to on e’s knees挣扎着跪下；struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来；struggle through the snowstorm 冒着暴风雪前进；struggle on挣扎着；坚持下去；eg. 1) He struggled for the national independence.他为民族的独立而奋斗。

动名词作定语，状语一、动名词作定语动名词作定语时，在句子中通常有两个位置：如果是单个的动名词作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；如果是动名词短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。

1．动名词作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。

He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。

They set up an operating table. 他们搭起一个手术台。

2．动名词作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。

There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。

Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？3．有些动名词已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。

That must be a terrifying experience. 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。

The experiment was an amazing success. 那实验是一个惊人的成功。

注意：如果动名词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，就要用它的被动式being done，通常表示正在被做，常作后置定语。

The tall building being built now is our new school. 正在被修建的那建筑是我们的新学校。

That question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的那个问题是校长提出来的。

Book 4 Unit 2 Grammar 动名词作主语、宾语定义：动名词是由动词+ing变化而来，它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的时态和语态的变化，但没有人称和数的变化。

用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。

动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。

作用：动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

动名词的形式：(其否定形式是在v-ing前面加not)1．动名词的一般式所表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或者是表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。

We are very interested in collecting stamps.我们对集邮很感兴趣。

His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。

2．动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。

He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。

We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。

3．动名词的否定式是在v-ing前面加not。

He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。

He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。

4．动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。

如：I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。

She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。

动词-ing形式作主语和宾语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①Since then，finding ways to grow more rice hasbeen his life goal.②As a young man，he saw the great need forincreasing the rice output.③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increaserice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.④However，he doesn't care about being famous.⑤He enjoys listening to violin music，playing mah-jong，swimming and reading.⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.⑦He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 1.以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①，⑥。

2.作动词宾语的是⑤。

3.作介词(短语)宾语的是②，③，④，⑦。

1．动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。

动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。

2．动词-ing形式的时态和语态：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。

Unit one1.S pecializeSpecialize inHe specialized in criminal law. SpecializedSpecialized skills/specialized equipment2.CampaignCampaign against sth 反对……的运动Campaign for sth 为得到……的运动Conduct a campaign/launch a campaign3.Rate1.评估；评价The university is highly rated forits research.The show was rated (as) a successby critics and audience.2.划分等级；分等The schools were rated accordingto their exam results.4. emergencyA state of emergency紧急状态In an emergency在紧急情况下5. intendHad intended to do/ intended to have doneI had intended to attend/intended to have attended the lecture yesterday, but I was busy writing an article.6. modest: not very large, expensive, important些许的；不太大（或太贵、太重要等）Modest improvements/ reforms不太显著的改进/改革He charged a relatively modest fee.P2 7. work outI work out regularly to keep fit. (锻炼身体)Things have worked out quite well. ( 进行)I’ve never been able to work her out. (了解；理解)Work out the problem (解答) Work out a plan/policy (制定)P6. 8. Catch one’s eye: attract one’s attentionCan you catch waiter’s eye?Catch sb’s interest/imagination/attention引起某人的兴趣/想象/注意等9. Suddenly it hit me how difficult……Hit: 突然想起；意识到I couldn’t remember where I had seen him, but suddenly it hit me.It hit /strike/occur to sb that/wh-语法：主谓一致的重点：1.当主语为: family，class, team, group, audience, crowd, government等集体名词时，如果看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果侧重其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

U n i t2动名词作主语和宾语必修四Unit2动名词(V-ing)作主语和宾语动名词由动词的-ing形式构成，于现在分词同型。

作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，可以有自己的状语和宾语，也具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语。

总结归纳：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用。

动名词既可作动词宾语，又可作宾语。

动名词的形式主动式被动式一般式：doing being done完成式：having done having been doneTalking is easier than doing. He enjoys fishing.Don’t be afraid of speaking English.V-Ing做主语的三种情况掌握只能加ing作宾语的动词;掌握加ing与不定式作宾语的含义有区别的动词 ;Ing的复合结构1．动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。

1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do．2)Learning new words is very important for me．3) Talking is easier than doing.②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。

但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。

1) It’s worth making the effort．2) It is useless trying to argue with Shylock．3) Is it any good trying to explain?4)It is pleasant working with you③在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ” 如：1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it．2) Here is no joking about such matter.3) There was no knowing when he would leave.动名词和to do 不定式作的区别-ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作（抽象），不定式则通常表示具体的动作。

动名词作主语动名词是指以-ing 结尾的动词形式，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等。

本文将重点讨论动名词作为主语的用法和相关注意事项。

一、动名词作主语的定义和用法动名词作主语是一种常见的用法，它可以用来表示一个动作、状态或者经历。

动名词作主语通常位于句首或句末，后面跟着动词不定式或从句来完成句子的谓语。

以下是几个动名词作主语的例子：1.Running is good for your health.2.Swimming is my favorite sport.3.Singing in the shower can make you feel better.二、动名词作主语的优点动名词作主语有以下几个优点：1.简洁明了：动名词作主语能够直接表达动作或状态，使句子更加简洁明了。

2.强调行为：动名词作主语能够突出动作本身，使句子更加生动有力。

3.增加变化：动名词作主语还能够增加句子的变化和灵活性，使表达更加多样化。

三、动名词作主语的注意事项在使用动名词作主语时，需要注意以下几个问题：1. 主谓一致动名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于动名词所表示的行为或状态。

通常情况下，使用单数谓语动词。

例如：•Eating apples is good for your health.（吃苹果对健康有好处。

）•Drinking water is important for hydration.（喝水对于补水很重要。

）2. 不定式或从句作谓语动名词作主语后面通常需要有一个动词不定式或从句来作谓语，完成句子的结构。

例如：•Singing in the shower can make you feel better.（在淋浴时唱歌可以让你感觉更好。

）•Running every morning is a great way to start the day.（每天早上跑步是一个很好的开始。

）3. 句型转换有时候，我们也可以将动名词作主语的句子进行句型转换，将动名词转换成名词以便更好地拓展句子。

高中英语真题:高中英语Unit2Grammar导学案新人教版必修2英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词，兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。

在句子中可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语。

考点一现在分词的基本形式1．现在分词的一般式一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行。

如：They came in talking and laughing．他们谈笑着进来了。

Seeing nobody there，he turned off the lights．看到没人在那，他就把灯关了。

2．现在分词的完成式完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

如：Having cleaned the desks，we began reading．擦完了桌子后，我们便开始看书。

Having been surrounded for a month，the enemy had to give in．被包围一个月后，敌人不得不投降了。

3．现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态分为一般式和完成式两种。

一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行。

或与谓语表示的动作同时进行。

完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语表示的动作之前已经完成了。

如： The building being built will be our school library．正在建造的那座大楼将是我们的校图书馆。

[例] ____ ，we were taken to Bee the library.A．We had been shown the classrooms B．Being shown the classroomsC．Having been shown the classrooms D．Having shown the classrooms[解析] 句意：我们先被领着看了教室，又被带去看图书馆。

首先，句子主语与show之间构成被动关系，因此可排除D项；A项为句子，需要加连词连接两个分句；B项相当于While we were being shown the classrooms，显然与后面的时间有冲突，故只有C项正确。