On the metallicity of the Milky Way thin disc and photometric abundance scales

SCI写作句型汇总S C I论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(一)很多文献已经讨论过了一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。

它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A.??Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells?has been intensively investigated.?(Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740?)B.?This was demonstrated in a number of studies that?showed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.C.?Several excellent reviews describing?these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsD.?Much work so far has focused on?wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E.?Recent developments of?Lewis acids and water-soluble organometalliccatalysts?have attracted much attention.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）F.?An interesting approach?in the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid?was described by?Ogawa et al（Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）G.?Considerable research efforts have been devoted to?the direct transition metal-catalyzed conversion of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7984-7989) H.?There are manyexcellent reviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts of?the photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills and coworkers, and Kamat.(Metal oxide catalysis,19,P755)I. Nishimiya and Tsutsumi?have reported on（proposed）the influence of the Si/Al ratio of various zeolites on the acid strength, which were estimated by calorimetry using ammonia. (Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)二、在results and discussion中经常会用到的：如图所示A. GIXRD patterns in?Figure 1A show?the bulk structural information on as-deposited films.?B.?As shown in Figure 7B,?the steady-state current density decreases after cycling between 0.35 and 0.7 V, which is probably due to the dissolution of FeOx.?C.?As can be seen from?parts a and b of Figure 7, the reaction cycles start with the thermodynamically most favorable VOx structures（J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 24950?24958）这与XX能够相互印证：A.?This is supported by?the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eV.B. ?This?is consistent with the observation from?SEM–EDS. (Z.Zou et al. / Chemical Physics Letters 332 (2000) 271–277)C.?This indicates a good agreement between?the observed and calculated intensities in monoclinic with space groupP2/c when the O atoms are included in the model.D. The results?are in good consistent with?the observed photocatalytic activity...E. Identical conclusions were obtained in studies?where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of plasmonic nanostructures.?F.??It was also found that areas of persistent divergent surfaceflow?coincide?with?regions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when SSTs are above 27.5°C.(二)1. 值得注意的是...A.?It must also be mentioned that?the recycling of aqueous organic solvent is less desirable than that of pure organic liquid.B.?Another interesting finding is that?zeolites with 10-membered ring pores showed high selectivities (>99%) to cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-membered ring pores, such as mordenite, produced large amounts of dicyclohexyl ether. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102,3641?3666)C.?It should be pointed out that?the nanometer-scale distribution of electrocatalyst centers on the electrode surface is also a predominant factor for high ORR electrocatalytic activity.D.?Notably,?the Ru II and Rh I complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products.?(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41: 2008–2022)E. Given the multitude of various transformations published,?it is noteworthy that?only very few distinct?activation?methods have been identified.?(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009,?38, 2178-2189)F.?It is important to highlight that?these two directing effects will lead to different enantiomers of the products even if both the“H-bond-catalyst” and the?cata lyst?acting by steric shielding have the same absolute stereochemistry. (Chem. Soc. Rev.,?2009,?38, 2178-2189)G.?It is worthwhile mentioning that?these PPNDs can be very stable for several months without the observations of any floating or precipitated dots, which is attributed to the electrostatic repulsions between the positively charge PPNDs resulting in electrosteric stabilization.(Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 2037–2041)2.?...仍然是个挑战A.?There is thereby an urgent need but it is still a significant challenge to?rationally design and delicately tail or the electroactive MTMOs for advanced LIBs, ECs, MOBs, and FCs.?（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2 014, 53, 1488 – 1504）B.?However, systems that are?sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use?have not yet been realized.C.??It?remains?challenging?to?develop highly active HER catalysts based on materials that are more abundant at lower costs. (J. Am. Chem.Soc.,?2011,?133, ?7296–7299)D.?One of the?great?challenges?in the twenty-first century?is?unquestionably energy storage. (Nature Materials?2005, 4, 366 - 377?)众所周知A.?It is well established (accepted) / It is known to all / It is commonlyknown?that?many characteristics of functional materials, such as composition, crystalline phase, structural and morphological features, and the sur-/interface properties between the electrode and electrolyte, would greatly influencethe performance of these unique MTMOs in electrochemical energy storage/conversion applications.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 – 1504）B.?It is generally accepted (believed) that?for a-Fe2O3-based sensors the change in resistance is mainly caused by the adsorption and desorption of gases on the surface of the sensor structure. (Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 582)C.?As we all know,?soybean abounds with carbon,?nitrogen?and oxygen elements owing to the existence of sugar,?proteins?and?lipids. (Chem. Commun., 2012,?48, 9367-9369)D.?There is no denying that?their presence may mediate spin moments to align parallel without acting alone to show d0-FM. (Nanoscale, 2013,?5, 3918-3930)(三)1. 正如下文将提到的...A.?As will be described below（也可以是As we shall see below）,?as the Si/Al ratio increases, the surface of the zeolite becomes more hydrophobic and possesses stronger affinity for ethyl acetate and the number of acid sites decreases.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）B. This behavior is to be expected and?will?be?further?discussed?below. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,?1955,?77, 3701–3707)C.?There are also some small deviations with respect to the flow direction,?whichwe?will?discuss?below.（Science, 2001, 291, 630-633）D.?Below,?we?will?see?what this implies.E.?Complete details of this case?will?be provided at a?later?time.E.?很多论文中，也经常直接用see below来表示，比如：The observation of nanocluster spheres at the ends of the nanowires is suggestive of a VLS growth process (see?below). (Science, 1998, ?279, 208-211)2. 这与XX能够相互印证...A.?This is supported by?the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520 nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about2.9 to 2.3 eVB.This is consistent with the observation from?SEM–EDS. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 332, 271–277)C.?Identical conclusions were obtained?in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape, or size of plasmonic nanostructures.?（Nat. Mater. 2011, DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3151）D. In addition, the shape of the titration curve versus the PPi/1 ratio,?coinciding withthat?obtained by fluorescent titration studies, suggested that both 2:1 and 1:1 host-to-guest complexes are formed. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9463-9464)E.?This unusual luminescence behavior is?in accord with?a recent theoretical prediction; MoS2, an indirect bandgap material in its bulk form, becomes a direct bandgapsemiconductor when thinned to a monolayer.?(Nano Lett.,?2010,?10, 1271–1275)3.?我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用A.?Our ?ndings suggest that?the use of solar energy for photocatalytic watersplitting?might provide a viable source for?‘clean’ hydrogen fuel, once the catalyticef?ciency of the semiconductor system has been improved by increasing its surface area and suitable modi?cations of the surface sites.B. Along with this green and cost-effective protocol of synthesis,?we expect that?these novel carbon nanodots?have potential applications in?bioimaging andelectrocatalysis.(Chem. Commun., 2012,?48, 9367-9369)C.?This system could potentially be applied as?the gain medium of solid-state organic-based lasers or as a component of high value photovoltaic (PV) materials, where destructive high energy UV radiation would be converted to useful low energy NIR radiation. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013,?42, 29-43)D.?Since the use of?graphene?may enhance the photocatalytic properties of TiO2?under UV and visible-light irradiation,?graphene–TiO2?composites?may potentially be used to?enhance the bactericidal activity.?(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012,?41, 782-796)E.??It is the first report that CQDs are both amino-functionalized and highly fluorescent,?which suggests their promising applications in?chemical sensing.(Carbon, 2012,?50,?2810–2815)(四)1. 什么东西还尚未发现/系统研究A. However,systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use?have not yet been realized.B. Nevertheless,for conventional nanostructured MTMOs as mentioned above,?some problematic disadvantages cannot be overlooked.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 – 1504）C.?There are relatively few studies devoted to?determination of cmc values for block copolymer micelles. (Macromolecules1991, 24, 1033-1040)D. This might be the reason why, despite of the great influence of the preparation on the catalytic activity of gold catalysts,?no systematic study concerning?the synthesis conditions?has been published yet.?(Applied Catalysis A: General 2002, 226, ?1–13)E.?These possibilities remain to be?explored.F.??Further effort is required to?understand and better control the parameters dominating the particle surface passivation and resulting properties for carbon dots of brighter photoluminescence. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,?2006,?128?, 7756–7757)2.?由于/因为...A.?Liquid ammonia?is particularly attractive as?an alternative to water?due to?its stability in the presence of strong reducing agents such as alkali metals that are used to access lower oxidation states.B.?The unique nature of?the cyanide ligand?results from?its ability to act both as a σdonor and a π acceptor combined with its negativecharge and ambidentate nature.C.?Qdots are also excellent probes for two-photon confocalmicroscopy?because?they are characterized by a very large absorption cross section?(Science ?2005,?307, 538-544).D.?As a result of?the reductive strategy we used and of the strong bonding between the surface and the aryl groups, low residual currents (similar to those observed at a bare electrode) were obtained over a large window of potentials, the same as for the unmodified parent GC electrode. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5883-5884)E.?The small Tafel slope of the defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets is advantageous for practical?applications,?since?itwill lead to a faster increment of HER rate with increasing overpotential.(Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 5807–5813)F. Fluorescent carbon-based materials have drawn increasing attention in recent years?owing to?exceptional advantages such as high optical absorptivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 3953–3957)G.??On the basis of?measurements of the heat of immersion of water on zeolites, Tsutsumi etal. claimed that the surface consists of siloxane bondings and is hydrophobicin the region of low Al content. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)H.?Nanoparticle spatial distributions might have a large significance for catalyst stability,?given that?metal particle growth is a relevant deactivation mechanism for commercial catalysts.?3. ...很重要A.?The inhibition of additional nucleation during growth, in other words, the complete separation?of nucleation and growth,?is?critical(essential, important)?for?the successful synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals. (Nature Materials?3, 891 - 895 (2004))B.??In the current study,?Cys,?homocysteine?(Hcy) and?glutathione?(GSH) were chosen as model?thiol?compounds since they?play important (significant, vital, critical) roles?in many biological processes and monitoring of these?thiol?compounds?is of great importance for?diagnosis of diseases.(Chem. Commun., 2012,?48, 1147-1149)C.?This is because according to nucleation theory,?what really matters?in addition to the change in temperature ΔT?(or supersaturation) is the cooling rate.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014,?43, 2013-2026)(五)1. 相反/不同于A.?On the contrary,?mononuclear complexes, called single-ion magnets (SIM), have shown hysteresis loops of butterfly/phonon bottleneck type, with negligiblecoercivity, and therefore with much shorter relaxation times of magnetization. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)B.?In contrast,?the Dy compound has significantly larger value of the transversal magnetic moment already in the ground state (ca. 10?1?μB), therefore allowing a fast Q TM. （Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417）C.?In contrast to?the structural similarity of these complexes, their magnetic behavior exhibits strong divergence.?(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)D.?Contrary to?other conducting polymer semiconductors, carbon nitride ischemically and thermally stable and does not rely on complicated device manufacturing. (Nature materials, 2009, 8(1): 76-80.)E.?Unlike?the spherical particles they are derived from that Rayleigh light-scatter in the blue, these nanoprisms exhibit scattering in the red, which could be useful in developing multicolor diagnostic labels on the basis not only of nanoparticle composition and size but also of shape. (Science 2001,? 294, 1901-1903)2. 发现，阐明，报道，证实可供选择的词包括：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate theidentification of?举例：A. These stacks appear as nanorods in the two-dimensional TEM images, but tilting experiments?confirm that they are nanoprisms.?(Science 2001,? 294, 1901-1903)B. Note that TEM?shows?that about 20% of the nanoprisms are truncated.?(Science 2001,? 294, 1901-1903)C. Therefore, these calculations not only allow us to?identify?the important features in the spectrum of the nanoprisms but also the subtle relation between particle shape and the frequency of the bands that make up their spectra.?(Science 2001,? 294, 1901-1903)D. We?observed?a decrease in intensity of the characteristic surface plasmon band in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for the spherical particles at λmax?= 400 nm with a concomitant grow th of three new bands of λmax?= 335 (weak), 470 (medium), and 670 nm (strong), respectively. (Science 2001,? 294, 1901-1903)E. In this article, we present data?demonstrating?that opiate and nonopiate analgesia systems can be selectively activated by different environmental manipulationsand?describe?the neural circuitry involved. (Science 1982, 216, 1185-1192)F. This?suggests?that the cobalt in CoP has a partial positive charge (δ+), while the phosphorus has a partial negative charge (δ?),?implying?a tran sfer of electron density from Co to P.?(Angew. Chem., 2014, 126: 6828–6832)3. 如何指出当前研究的不足A. Although these inorganic substructures can exhibit a high density of functional groups, such as bridging OH groups, andthe substructures contribute significantly to the adsorption properties of the material,surprisingly little attention has been devoted to?the post-synthetic functionalization of the inorganic units within MOFs. (Chem. Eur. J., 2013, 19: 5533–5536.)B.?Little is known,?however, about the microstructure of this material. (Nature Materials 2013,12, 554–561)C.?So far, very little information is available, and only in?the absorber film, not in the whole operational devices. （Nano Lett.,?2014,?14?(2), pp 888–893）D.?In fact it should be noted that very little optimisation work has been carried out on?these devices. (Chem. Commun., 2013,?49, 7893-7895)E. By far the most architectures have been prepared using a solution processed perovskite material,?yet a few examples have been reported that?have used an evaporated perovskite layer. (Adv. Mater., 2014, 27: 1837–1841.)F. Water balance issues have been effectively addressed in PEMFC technology through a large body of work encompassing imaging, detailed water content and water balance measurements, materials optimization and modeling,?but very few of these activities have been undertaken for?anion exchange membrane fuel cells,? primarily due to limited materials availability and device lifetime. (J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2013, 51: 1727–1735)G. However,?none of these studies?tested for Th17 memory, a recently identified T cell that specializes in controlling extracellular bacterial infections at mucosal surfaces. (PNAS, 2013,?111, 787–792)H. However,?uncertainty still remains as to?the mechanism by which Li salt addition results in an extension of the cathodicreduction limit. (Energy Environ. Sci., 2014,?7, 232-250)I.?There have been a number of high profile cases where failure to?identify the most stable crystal form of a drug has led to severe formulation problems in manufacture. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014,?43, 2080-2088)J. However,?these measurements systematically underestimate?the amount of ordered material. ( Nature Materials 2013, 12, 1038–1044)(六)1.?取决于a.?This is an important distinction, as the overall activity of a catalyst will?depend on?the material properties, synthesis method, and other possible species that can be formed during activation.?(Nat. Mater.?2017,16,225–229)b.?This quantitative partitioning?was determined by?growing crystals of the 1:1 host–guest complex between?ExBox4+?and corannulene. (Nat. Chem.?2014,?6177–178)c.?They suggested that the Au particle size may?be the decisive factor for?achieving highly active Au catalysts.(Acc. Chem. Res.,?2014,?47, 740–749)d.?Low-valent late transition-metal catalysis has?become indispensable to?chemical synthesis, but homogeneous high-valent transition-metal catalysis is underdeveloped, mainly owing to the reactivity of high-valent transition-metal complexes and the challenges associated with synthesizing them.?(Nature2015,?517,449–454)e.?The polar effect?is a remarkable property that enables?considerably endergonic C–H abstractions?that would not be possible otherwise.?(Nature?2015, 525, 87–90)f.?Advances in heterogeneous catalysis?must rely on?the rational design of new catalysts. (Nat. Nanotechnol.?2017, 12, 100–101)g.?Likely, the origin of the chemoselectivity may?be also closely related to?the H?bonding with the N or O?atom of the nitroso moiety, a similar H-bonding effect is known in enamine-based nitroso chemistry. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.?2014, 53: 4149–4153)2.?有很大潜力a.?The quest for new methodologies to assemble complex organic molecules?continues to be a great impetus to?research efforts to discover or to optimize new catalytic transformations. (Nat. Chem.?2015,?7, 477–482)b.?Nanosized faujasite (FAU) crystals?have great potential as?catalysts or adsorbents to more efficiently process present and forthcoming synthetic and renewablefeedstocks in oil refining, petrochemistry and fine chemistry. (Nat. Mater.?2015, 14, 447–451)c.?For this purpose, vibrational spectroscopy?has proved promising?and very useful.?(Acc Chem Res. 2015, 48, 407–413.)d.?While a detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated and?there is room for improvement?in the yields and selectivities, it should be remarked that chirality transfer upon trifluoromethylation of enantioenriched allylsilanes was shown. (Top Catal.?2014,?57: 967.?)e.?The future looks bright for?the use of PGMs as catalysts, both on laboratory and industrial scales, because the preparation of most kinds of single-atom metal catalyst is likely to be straightforward, and because characterization of such catalysts has become easier with the advent of techniques that readilydiscriminate single atoms from small clusters and nanoparticles. (Nature?2015, 525, 325–326)f.?The unique mesostructure of the 3D-dendritic MSNSs with mesopore channels of short length and large diameter?is supposed to be the key role in?immobilization of active and robust heterogeneous catalysts, and?it would have more hopeful prospects in?catalytic applications. (ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces,?2015,?7, 17450–17459)g.?Visible-light photoredox catalysis?offers exciting opportunities to?achieve challenging carbon–carbon bond formations under mild and ecologically benign conditions. (Acc. Chem. Res.,?2016, 49, 1990–1996)3. 因此同义词：Therefore, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, so, as a result这一条比较简单，这里主要讲一下这些词的副词词性和灵活运用。

第25卷第4期2007年7月物理测试P hysics Examination and T estingV ol.25,No.4July 2007作者简介:张 滨(1978),女,硕士生; E -mail:b inzhang@ ; 修订日期:2006-11-14关于用U PS 测量功函数张 滨, 孙玉珍, 王文皓(中国科学院金属研究所分析测试部,辽宁沈阳110016)摘 要:详细介绍了紫外光电子谱(U P S)测量功函数的原理与实验方法,测量了金属镍、银和IT O 靶材的功函数,并对测量方法和误差进行了讨论,表明这个方法更适用于测量功函数变化。

关键词:功函数;U P S中图分类号:O433.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-0777(2007)04-0021-03Work Function Measurements Using UPSZH NA G Bin, SU N Yu -zhen, WANG Wen -hao(Institut e o f M etal R esear ch,Chinese A cademy o f Sciences,Sheny ang 110016,L iaoning ,China)Abstract:T he pr inciple and method of measur ing o n the w ork funct ion using U PS w ere intr oduced in details.T he w or k funct ion of N i,A g and IT O tar get w as measured,and measuring method and er ror s w ere discussed.It was show that this metho d is av ailable t o measur e on change o f wo rk functio n.Key words:w ork function;U P S功函数是材料的重要物理参数,无论是功能材料还是结构材料,都离不开功函数这个物理量。

第50卷第1期2021年1月应用化工Applied Chemical IndustryVol.50No.1Jan:2021 O/W型Pickering乳液的制备及其吸收紫外线性能研究杨惠，黄富宁，朱丽娜，宁娇，张容煜，贺拥军（西安科技大学化学与化工学院，陕西西安710054）摘要：自制芦荟水溶液为水相，以橄榄油为油相，以氧化锌、二氧化钛、云母、碳酸钙颗粒及其混合粒子作为稳定剂，制备出了一种新型0/W型Pickering乳液。

通过数码生物显微镜观察Pickering乳液的液滴粒径及稳定性，紫外分光光度计检测Pickering乳液的吸光度。

结果表明，用氧化锌、二氧化钛、碳酸钙和云母混合颗粒所制备Pickering 乳液均是0/W型，随着油水比的增大,Pmkeong乳液的液滴粒径增大;随着微小固体颗粒用量的增大,PAkeong乳液的液滴粒径也会增大。

以碳酸钙、氧化锌、二氧化钛、云母及其混合粒子为稳定剂制备的水包橄榄油Pickering乳液，对UVA段和UVB段紫外线均有较好的吸收。

关键词:Pickering乳液;紫外线;吸收;稳定性中图分类号:TQ658-4文献标识码：A文章编号：1671-3206（2021）01-0083-04Preparation of O/W Pickering emulsions and theirultraviolet absordhon performanceYANG Hui，HUANG Fu-ning，ZHU，NING Jiao，ZHANG Rong-yu，HE Yong-jun (Colleye of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Xi*an University of Science and Technology，Xi'an710054，China)Abstract:0/W typa Picke/ng emulsions were prepared by using/homemada alva water vs water phase，oliva oil vs oil phase，zinc oxiba，titanium dioxiba，mAa and calcium carbonate pa/icles vs stabilizers.Tha droplet siza and5-山00of tha Picke/ng emulsion were observed by a digital biomA/scopa，and tha ult/yiol/absogtion performanco of tha Picke/ng emulsions was mexsumd by an ult/yiol/spectmphv-tometer-Tha results showed that tha Picke/ng emulsions prepared by tha mixing pa/iclas of zinc oxiba，titanium dioxida，calcium carbonata and mAa was of0/W typa.Tha droplet siza of Picke/ng emulsion increxsed with tha incmcing of oiOwdar ratio.As tha amount of fina solid pa/iclas increxsed，tha droplet siza of Picke/ng emulsion wilt ado ba increxsed.Tha Picke/ng emulsions of oliva oil in watar prepared by using calcium carbonata，zinc oxida，titanium dioxida，MAa and mixed pctiAvs as stabilizers had good ultryviolet abso/tion perfo/nanco in tha UVA and UVB stages.Key—oSs:Picke/ng emulsion；u/raviomt;adso/tion；Wabilizar日光照射加速皮肤衰老［1］&氧化锌与二氧化钛能吸收和散射紫外线［2］&碳酸钙能降低细胞毒性W云母能提高防晒产品的透明和耐湿性［5］&然而，直接添加到防晒产品中易团聚,Picke/ng乳液以超细固体粒子为稳定剂［6］，固体粒子组装在油水界面，可有效减少团聚。

实 验 技 术 与 管 理 第39卷 第1期 2022年1月Experimental Technology and Management Vol.39 No.1 Jan. 2022收稿日期: 2021-05-12基金项目: 北京航空航天大学研究生教育与发展研究专项基金；北京航空航天大学教学改革项目作者简介: 韩邦成（1974—），男，辽宁灯塔，博士，研究员，研究方向为精密仪器与测量方向的教学和研究，*********************.cn 。

通信作者: 陆吉玺（1986—），男，浙江宁波，博士，副研究员，研究方向为量子精密仪器与测量方向的教学和研究，***************.cn 。

引文格式: 韩邦成，陆吉玺，张少文，等. 碱金属气室参数测试教学实验平台搭建[J]. 实验技术与管理, 2022, 39(1): 56-58.Cite this article: HAN Bangcheng, LU Jixi, ZHANG Shaowen, et al. Construction of experimental platform for measuring parameters of alkali-metal vapor cell[J]. Experimental Technology and Management, 2022, 39(1): 56-58. (in Chinese)ISSN 1002-4956 CN11-2034/TDOI: 10.16791/ki.sjg.2022.01.011碱金属气室参数测试教学实验平台搭建韩邦成1,2，陆吉玺2，张少文1，翟跃阳2，胡朝晖1（1. 北京航空航天大学 仪器科学与光电工程学院，北京 100191； 2. 北京航空航天大学 前沿科学技术创新研究院，北京 100191）摘 要：碱金属气室是原子磁强计、原子陀螺仪、原子钟等量子传感器的核心敏感元件，其内部的碱金属原子蒸汽通过与激光、磁场等相互作用，实现对物理量的高精度测量。

２０２３／０３９（１２）：３６８５ ３７００ＡｃｔａＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ　岩石学报ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００ ０５６９／２０２３．１２．１０孟云，尹继元，肖文交等．２０２３．帕米尔东缘晚中新世以来多阶段隆升 剥露过程：来自裂变径迹和（Ｕ Ｔｈ）／Ｈｅ低温热年代学的制约．岩石学报，３９（１２）：３６８５－３７００，ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００－０５６９／２０２３．１２．１０帕米尔东缘晚中新世以来多阶段隆升 剥露过程：来自裂变径迹和（Ｕ Ｔｈ）／Ｈｅ低温热年代学的制约孟云１，２　尹继元２ 肖文交３　ＴＨＯＭＳＯＮＳｔｕａｒｔＮ ４　王雅美１，２　陈文２　李大鹏１　吴明轩１，２ＭＥＮＧＹｕｎ１，２，ＹＩＮＪｉＹｕａｎ２ ，ＸＩＡＯＷｅｎＪｉａｏ３，ＴＨＯＭＳＯＮＳｔｕａｒｔＮ ４，ＷＡＮＧＹａＭｅｉ１，２，ＣＨＥＮＷｅｎ２，ＬＩＤａＰｅｎｇ１ａｎｄＷＵＭｉｎｇＸｕａｎ１，２１ 中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院，北京　１０００８３２ 中国地质科学院地质研究所，自然资源部同位素地质重点实验室，北京　１０００３７３ 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆矿产资源研究中心，乌鲁木齐　８３００１１４ 美国亚利桑那大学地球科学系，图森　８５７２１１ ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ（Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ），Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８３，Ｃｈｉｎａ２ ＭＮＲＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＩｓｏｔｏｐｅＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００３７，Ｃｈｉｎａ３ ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＭｉｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｕｒｕｍｑｉ８３００１１，Ｃｈｉｎａ４ ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｒｉｚｏｎａ，Ｔｕｃｓｏｎ８５７２１，ＵＳＡ２０２３ ０５ ０１收稿，２０２３ ０９ ０４改回ＭｅｎｇＹ，ＹｉｎＪＹ，ＸｉａｏＷＪ，ＴｈｏｍｓｏｎＳＮ，ＷａｎｇＹＭ，ＣｈｅｎＷ，ＬｉＤＰａｎｄＷｕＭＸ ２０２３ Ｍｕｌｔｉ ｓｔａｇｅｕｐｌｉｆｔａｎｄｅｘｈｕｍａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＰａｍｉｒｓｉｎｃｅＬａｔｅＭｉｏｃｅｎｅ：Ｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｅｄｂｙｆｉｓｓｉｏｎｔｒａｃｋｓａｎｄ（Ｕ Ｔｈ）／Ｈｅｔｈｅｒｍｏｃｈｒｏｎｏｌｏｇｙ．ＡｃｔａＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ，３９（１２）：３６８５－３７００，ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００ ０５６９／２０２３．１２．１０Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ Ｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｅａｓｔ ｗｅｓｔｗａｒｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎｔｈｅＰａｍｉｒｏｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔｉｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＰａｍｉｒ，ｗｈｉｃｈｐｌａｙｓａｃｒｕｃｉａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｌａｃｋｏｆｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｓｏｎｕｐｌｉｆｔｔｉｍｉｎｇａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆｔｈｉｓａｒｅａ Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ｗｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｎｅｗｄａｔａｏｎａｐａｔｉｔｅｆｉｓｓｉｏｎｔｒａｃｋ，ｚｉｒｃｏｎａｎｄａｐａｔｉｔｅ（Ｕ Ｔｈ）／ＨｅａｎａｌｙｓｅｓｆｒｏｍａｓｅｒｉｅｓｓａｍｐｌｅｓｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃｉｎｔｒｕｓｉｏｎｒｏｃｋｓｉｎｔｈｅＴａｓｈｋｕｒｇａｎａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＰａｍｉｒ Ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｔｈｅｒｍｏｃｈｒｏｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ，ｔｈｅｓｅｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓａｒｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｔｈｅｔｅｃｔｏｎｏ ｔｈｅｒｍａｌｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＰａｍｉｒｓｉｎｃｅＬａｔｅＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃ Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｌｏｗｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｔｈｅｒｍｏｃｈｒｏｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｒｅｖｅａｌｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｐａｔｉｔｅｆｉｓｓｉｏｎｔｒａｃｋａｇｅｓａｒｅｒａｎｇｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ２ ５Ｍａｔｏ２ ７Ｍａａｎｄｆｒｏｍ８ ７Ｍａｔｏ１１ ５Ｍａ，ｔｈｅａｐａｔｉｔｅ（Ｕ Ｔｈ）／Ｈｅａｇｅｓｒａｎｇｅｆｒｏｍ２ ３Ｍａｔｏ４ ５Ｍａ，ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｚｉｒｃｏｎ（Ｕ Ｔｈ）／Ｈｅａｇｅｓａｒｅ３ ２±０ ３Ｍａ Ｂｙｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｘｈｕｍａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｏｆｔｈｅａｆｏｒｅｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄｓａｍｐｌｅｓ，ｗｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｗｏｐｅｒｉｏｄｓｏｆｒａｐｉｄｃｏｏｌｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＰａｍｉｒ，ｉ ｅ ，ｔｈｅＬａｔｅＭｉｏｃｅｎｅ（１２～８Ｍａ）ａｎｄｔｈｅＰｌｉｏｃｅｎｅ Ｑｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙ（５～１Ｍａ），ａｎｄｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｈｕｍａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｔｌｙｒａｎｇｅｆｒｏｍ０ １９～０ ４８ｍｍ／ｙｒａｎｄ０ ５８～４ ００ｍｍ／ｙｒ，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＬａｔｅＭｉｏｃｅｎｅ，ｔｈｅｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ，ｍａｇｍａｔｉｓｍａｎｄｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍｅｖｅｎｔｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｎｅａｒｌｙｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＰａｍｉｒ，ｗｈｉｃｈｍａｙｂｅｌｉｎｋｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｌｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅＰａｍｉｒａｎｄｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＴｉａｎｓｈａｎｏｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｗａｒｄｓｕｂｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＩｎｄｉａｎＰｌａｔｅｂｅｎｅａｔｈｔｈｅＰａｍｉｒＴｅｒｒａｎｅｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＬａｔｅＭｉｏｃｅｎｅ Ｔｈｉｓｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｃｒｕｓｔａｌｔｈｉｃｋｅｎｉｎｇ，ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｉｎａｎｕｎｅｖｅｎｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｒａｖｉｔｙｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅＰａｍｉｒｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｎｄｔｒｉｇｇｅｒｉｎｇｇｒａｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｌｌａｐｓｅ ＴｈｅｃｏｏｌｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＰｌｉｏｃｅｎｅｔｏｔｈｅＱｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙｗａｓｌｉｋｅｌｙｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｇｒａｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｌｌａｐｓｅ，ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｅｒｏｓｉｏｎｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｇｌａｃｉｅｒｓ，ｒｉｖｅｒｓａｎｄｔｈｅｃｌｉｍａｔｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｔｈｅｅｘｆｏｌｉａｔｉｏｎ，ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏａｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｆａｓｔｅｒｅｘｈｕｍａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｔｏｔｈｅＬａｔｅＭｉｏｃｅｎｅｏｎｅＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ ＥａｓｔｅｒｎＰａｍｉｒ；ＬａｔｅＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃ；Ｌｏｗｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｔｈｅｒｍｏｃｈｒｏｎｏｌｏｇｙ；Ｕｐｌｉｆｔａｎｄｅｘｈｕｍａｔｉｏｎ；Ｇｒａｖｉｔｙｃｏｌｌａｐｓｅ摘　要 帕米尔东缘发育帕米尔造山带内最大的东西向伸展系统，对理解区域构造演化具有重要意义。

BIOGEOSCIENCES BiogeosciencesJ STRUCT GEOL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGYJ HYDROL JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGYBOUND-LAY METEOROL BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGYB VOLCANOL BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGYGEOSTAND GEOANAL RES GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCHQ J ROY METEOR SOC QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCI CONT SHELF RES CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCHMAR GEOL MARINE GEOLOGYMAR PETROL GEOL MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGYHOLOCENE HOLOCENEAM MINERAL AMERICAN MINERALOGISTMAR MICROPALEONTOL MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGYAQUAT GEOCHEM AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRYMON WEATHER REV MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEWJ QUATERNARY SCI JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCEINT J EARTH SCI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCESJ GEOL JOURNAL OF GEOLOGYAPPL GEOCHEM APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRYGEOCHEM T GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONSJ PHYS OCEANOGR JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHYB SEISMOL SOC AM BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRYPALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY 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银河系铝元素丰度研究马文娟; 李宏杰; 张波【期刊名称】《《天文学报》》【年(卷),期】2019(060)005【总页数】7页(P15-21)【关键词】恒星:银河系; 元素:铝元素; 恒星:元素丰度【作者】马文娟; 李宏杰; 张波【作者单位】沧州师范学院物理与信息工程学院沧州 061001; 河北科技大学理学院石家庄 050018; 河北师范大学物理科学与信息工程学院石家庄 050024【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P1441 引言自然界中的许多元素都来自于恒星,宇宙中恒星既有单星,也有很多由于引力作用聚在一起,形成双星、聚星甚至星团,例如球状星团.通常,球状星团中的大多数恒星比较年老.星系是比星团更大的恒星系统,包含椭圆星系、旋涡星系、棒旋星系和不规则星系等多种形态[1].银河系是旋涡星系,从内而外分为核球、银盘和银晕,银盘又可细分为薄盘和厚盘,银河系包含了大约两千亿颗恒星[2–6].恒星中某种元素的多少用“丰度”来表示,某一元素X的丰度定义为包含1012个氢原子的物质中所含元素X原子个数ε(X)的对数值,即lg ε(X)=lg(NX/NH)+12,式中NX为恒星中元素X的原子个数, NH为恒星中元素H的原子个数.恒星中元素X、Y的丰度比定义为[X/Y]=lg(NX/NY)∗ − lg(NX/NY)⊙,式中下标“∗”代表恒星,“⊙”代表太阳.银河系形成早期诞生的恒星的金属丰度(通常用[Fe/H]表示)很低,称为极贫金属星[6–7],一般分布在银晕,而形成时间比较晚的恒星则是金属丰度较高的富金属星,研究不同恒星的元素丰度可以为探索星团和星系化学演化提供重要线索.铝元素为奇Z (质子数)元素,其天体物理来源非常复杂,研究不同恒星系统中铝元素的增丰情况可以为探索铝元素的天体物理来源提供参考.随着观测技术的不断进步和发展,恒星元素丰度的观测数据越来越丰富[2–13],为系统研究元素天体物理来源提供了观测依据.天文观测发现某些恒星系统中铝元素和镁元素、钠元素丰度之间有相关性[14–16],同一星团内的恒星之间铝、镁、钠等轻元素的丰度存在差异,不同星团之间铝元素丰度的差异可以很大,即元素丰度存在离散.本文对银河系不同恒星中铝元素的观测丰度、铝元素与其他元素相对丰度进行系统分析,研究了银河系中不同恒星铝元素丰度的特点以及铝元素丰度随恒星金属丰度的变化趋势; 分析讨论了银河系恒星[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]、[Na/Fe]的相关性.2 银河系恒星中铝元素丰度随金属丰度的变化趋势为探求恒星铝元素丰度随恒星金属丰度的变化特点,我们收集了包括银河系薄盘星、厚盘星、核球恒星、晕星和7个球状星团恒星在内的600余颗恒星观测数据.恒星中元素丰度的确定会受非局域热动平衡(NLTE)效应的影响,尤其对贫金属恒星而言,这种效应比较大[4–5,17].NLTE效应对不同元素的影响是不一样的,比如对Na和对Mg、Al的影响不同[4–5],所以我们对薄盘、厚盘和晕星做了局域热动平衡(LTE)和NLTE丰度之间的对比.对于星团恒星,能够做LTE和NLTE丰度对比的观测结果比较少,且大部分球状星团恒星的元素丰度是基于LTE的,所以7个球状星团的恒星丰度都采用了LTE丰度,没有做LTE和NLTE丰度的比较.所选银河系薄盘、厚盘、核球、晕星、球状星团中样本星的[Al/Fe]随恒星金属丰度[Fe/H]的变化如图1所示.其中银河系薄盘星元素丰度的观测数据取自文献[2–5],共221颗星; 厚盘星元素丰度观测数据取自文献[3–5],共有126颗星; 晕星中元素丰度取自文献[3–6],共有76颗星;核球恒星元素丰度取自文献[7–8],共有25颗星;球状星团M4中恒星元素丰度取自文献[9],共12颗星; 星团M5中恒星元素丰度取自文献[10],共16颗星; 星团M3中恒星元素丰度取自文献[11],共21颗星; 星团M22中恒星元素丰度取自文献[12],共35颗星; 星团NGC 6139中恒星元素丰度取自文献[13],共45颗星; 星团NGC 4833中恒星元素丰度取自文献[14],共27颗星; 星团NGC 2808中恒星元素丰度取自文献[14],共42颗星.为了方便比较,图中用实线表示[Al/Fe]=0.由图中观测数据分析得出:(1)对比图1 (a)和图1 (b),薄盘恒星的[Al/Fe]NLTE明显高于[Al/Fe]LTE,[Al/Fe]NLTE的离散约为0.8 dex,比[Al/Fe]LTE的离散(约为0.6 dex)稍大.从图1 (a)和图1 (b)中都可以看到随着[Fe/H]增大,[Al/Fe]的值缓慢下降,但恒星HD73087的[Al/Fe]极度超丰([Fe/H]= −0.11,[Al/Fe]=1.3),其原因还有待进一步研究.薄盘星[Al/Fe]离散小,主要是因为随着银河系演化,各种金属元素不断增丰,星际介质混合趋于均匀; 由于Ia型超新星对Fe元素的贡献逐渐增大导致薄盘恒星[Al/Fe]随[Fe/H]的变化趋势逐渐减弱[18].(2)对比图1(c)和图1(d)可以看出,得到的厚盘星的[Al/Fe]NLTE明显高于[Al/Fe]LTE.对厚盘星来说,不论是[Al/Fe]NLTE还是[Al/Fe]LTE,其平均值都比薄盘星高,离散也比薄盘星稍大.当[Fe/H]在−1.2到−0.5之间时,[Al/Fe]LTE随[Fe/H]的变化趋势比较平坦,但当[Fe/H]在−0.5到0.2之间时,[Al/Fe]LTE略有下降,[Al/Fe]NLTE则无明显变化.恒星HIP74033的[Al/Fe]LTE呈现超丰的反常现象([Fe/H]= −0.85,[Al/Fe]LTE=1.6).厚盘星的[Al/Fe]在金属丰度比较高时略有下降,也有Ia型超新星对银河系盘星Fe元素的贡献逐渐增多的因素; 而变化趋势整体较平缓说明在Fe元素增丰的同时Al元素的增丰也有较大提高,使得Al元素和Fe元素的增丰比例比较接近.图1 银河系薄盘、厚盘、核球、晕星、球状星团恒星中[Al/Fe]随着[Fe/H]的变化.其中银河系薄盘星数据取自文献[2–5],分别用黑色、红色、蓝色、洋红色三角表示.厚盘星数据取自文献[3–5],分别用红色、蓝色、洋红色五星表示.晕星数据取自文献[3–6],分别用红色、蓝色、洋红色、黑色菱形表示.核球恒星数据取自文献[7–8],分别用红色和黑色方块表示.球状星团中M4、M5、M3、M22、NGC 6139数据取自文献[9–13],分别用黑色、红色、蓝色、橄榄绿、橙色圆点表示; NGC 4833、NGC 2808数据取自文献[14],分别用洋红色、紫色圆点表示.Fig.1 [Al/Fe]of Galactic thin disc,thick disc,bulge,halo,and the globular cluster stars as a function of[Fe/H].Thin disk stars from Refs.[2–5]are shown asblack,red,blue,and magenta triangles,respectively.Thick disk stars from Refs.[3–5]are shown as red,blue,and magenta stars,respectively.Halo stars from Refs.[3–6]are shown as red,blue,magenta,and blackdiamonds,respectively.Bulge stars from Refs.[7–8]are shown as red and black squares,respectively.Globular cluster M4,M5,M3,M22,and NGC 6139 stars from Refs.[9–13]are shown as black,red,blue,olive,and orange filled circles,respectively.NGC 4833,and NGC 2808 stars from Ref.[14]are shown as magenta and purple filled circles,respectively.(3)晕星的[Fe/H]分布范围比较大,从−3.8一直到−0.5.从图1 (e)和图1 (f)可以看出[Al/Fe]LTE和[Al/Fe]NLTE随着[Fe/H]的增大稍有上升趋势.文献[6]给出的28颗极贫金属晕星的[Al/Fe](图1 (e)中黑色菱形)整体比盘星和核球恒星的[Al/Fe]低很多,平均值约为−0.8,但是离散较大,约为0.6 dex,这说明在金属丰度很低的情况下,大质量星对星际介质贡献的Fe元素相对于Al元素的比例比金属丰度较高情况下的比例要高.(4)从图1 (g)可以看出,核球样本恒星的[Fe/H]在−1.3到0.7之间变化,其中[Fe/H] >−0.3时[Al/Fe]略有下降,[Fe/H]在0.2到0.6之间时[Al/Fe]有一些离散,约为0.4 dex.(5)从图1 (h)可以看出,球状星团M4恒星的[Fe/H]从−1.3到−1.1,差别只有0.2 dex,平均值为−1.23.球状星团M5恒星的[Fe/H]从−1.82到−1.28,有0.54 dex的差别,平均值为−1.49.M4中恒星的[Al/Fe]从0.63到0.84,离散很小,仅为0.2 dex.M5中恒星的[Al/Fe]从−0.12到0.7,离散较大,有0.8 dex.对于铝元素丰度来说,M4的离散明显小于M5的离散,尽管M4和M5的金属丰度比较接近,但M5的演化特点显然与M4不同,M4离散小,是典型球状星团的演化特征.另外,M4和M5两个球状星团恒星与厚盘星相比其[Al/Fe]比厚盘星稍大.M3和NGC 6139有相近的[Al/Fe]和[Fe/H],[Al/Fe]离散较大,随[Fe/H]无明显变化趋势.M22与M3和NGC 6139有相近的[Al/Fe]的丰度比,但M22的[Fe/H]比这两个星团低,而且[Fe/H]的离散比M3和NGC 6139大.NGC 4833的金属丰度比NGC 2808低,但它们的[Al/Fe]比较接近,而且NGC 2808的[Al/Fe]有随[Fe/H]的增大下降的趋势,说明该球状星团的丰度可能有Ia型超新星的贡献,这在其他6个球状星团中未见.3 银河系恒星[Al/Fe]和[Mg/Fe]、[Na/Fe]的相关性分析3.1 银河系恒星[Al/Fe]和[Mg/Fe]的相关性为研究银河系各恒星系统中[Al/Fe]和[Mg/Fe]的相关性,图2给出了银河系中薄盘、厚盘、银晕、核球以及球状星团中恒星的[Al/Fe]随[Mg/Fe]的变化,图中各符号含义与图1相同.由图2可见,LTE和NLTE对[Mg/Fe]的影响不太大,远小于对[Al/Fe]的影响.薄盘恒星[Al/Fe]NLTE随着[Mg/Fe]的增大从−0.1缓慢上升到0.54,厚盘恒星的[Al/Fe]也随[Mg/Fe]的增大而增大.对于晕星,文献[3](图中红色菱形)和文献[6](图中黑色菱形)中样本星虽然[Fe/H]不同,文献[3]中−1.5<[Fe/H]<−0.5,文献[6]中−3.8<[Fe/H]<−2.4,但它们[Al/Fe]的变化趋势相同,都是随[Mg/Fe]增大呈现明显上升趋势,即样本星中[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]正相关.核球恒星中[Al/Fe]随[Mg/Fe]增大呈现明显上升趋势(从0.02到0.47),这表明薄盘、厚盘、银晕、核球中恒星的[Al/Fe]和[Mg/Fe]呈正相关性.Carretta等[15]与Pancino等[14]对球状星团的[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]的相关性进行了研究,他们认为[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]反相关出现在贫金属球状星团和大质量的富金属球状星团之中.从图中可见,NGC 4833([Fe/H]～−2.0)和NGC 2808([Fe/H]～−1.1)的[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]反相关,其他星团的[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]未见明显相关性,这与Carretta等[15]、Pancino等[14]的研究结论一致.图2 银河系薄盘、厚盘、核球、晕星、球状星团恒星中[Al/Fe]随着[Mg/Fe]的变化Fig.2 [Al/Fe]of Galactic thin disc,thick disc,bulge,halo,and the globular cluster stars as a function of[Mg/Fe]3.2 银河系恒星[Al/Fe]和[Na/Fe]的相关性图3给出了银河系中薄盘、厚盘、核球、银晕以及球状星团中恒星的[Al/Fe]随[Na/Fe]的变化情况,图中各符号含义与图1相同,除了图3 (h)中NGC 4833 (丰度取自文献[16],用洋红色圆圈表示)和NGC 2808 (丰度取自文献[15],用紫色圆圈表示).由图分析,薄盘星和厚盘星的[Al/Fe]随[Na/Fe]的增大呈现上升趋势,即[Al/Fe]和[Na/Fe]有正相关性,但核球恒星中[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]未见明显相关性.对薄盘星和厚盘星,NLTE和LTE两种情况的[Al/Fe]随[Na/Fe]的变化趋势一样.晕星情况较为复杂,对极贫金属晕星(−3.8 < [Fe/H] < −2.4),[Al/Fe]LTE与[Na/Fe]LTE未见明显相关性,而金属丰度较高的晕星(−1.5 < [Fe/H] < −0.5),其[Al/Fe]LTE与[Na/Fe]LTE 表现出明显正相关,[Al/Fe]NLTE与[Na/Fe]NLTE始终表现出明显正相关.除了M4恒星的[Al/Fe]随[Na/Fe]的变化比较缓慢以外,其他球状星团的[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]都有明显正相关性.图3 银河系薄盘、厚盘、核球、晕星、球状星团恒星中[Al/Fe]随着[Na/Fe]的变化Fig.3 [Al/Fe]of Galactic thin disc,thick disc,bulge,halo,and the globular cluster stars as a function of[Na/Fe]4 结论研究各种恒星系统中Al元素丰度的增丰特点可为探索恒星、星团和星系化学演化提供重要线索.基于银河系不同恒星Al元素的观测丰度分析,本文研究了银河系中不同恒星[Al/Fe]随恒星金属丰度的变化,并对[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]和[Na/Fe]的相关性做了探讨.(1)对于银河系薄盘、厚盘和核球恒星,[Al/Fe]随[Fe/H]变化的趋势相似,表现为[Al/Fe]随[Fe/H]的增加而缓慢下降,在[Fe/H]等于零时,[Al/Fe]约为零.但与场星不同,球状星团M4和M5都具有局域性演化特征,[Al/Fe]不随[Fe/H]变化呈现缓慢下降趋势,这暗示Ia超新星对M4和M5元素增丰的贡献可能比较小.(2)薄盘、厚盘、核球以及银晕恒星的[Al/Fe]和[Mg/Fe]都呈现正相关性.而球状星团NGC 4833和NGC 2808的[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]反相关,其他星团未见明显相关性.(3)薄盘星和厚盘星的[Al/Fe]和[Na/Fe]有正相关性.核球恒星中[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]未见明显的相关性.对于晕星,−3.8<[Fe/H]<−2.4的极贫金属晕星中[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]未见明显相关性,而−1.5 < [Fe/H] < −0.5的较高金属丰度晕星中[Al/Fe]和[Na/Fe]有明显正相关性.除了M4恒星的[Al/Fe]随[Na/Fe]的变化比较缓慢以外,其他球状星团的[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]都有明显正相关性.(4)对薄盘星和厚盘星,[Al/Fe]NLTE明显高于[Al/Fe]LTE,但没有明显改变[Al/Fe]随[Fe/H]、[Mg/Fe]和[Na/Fe]的变化趋势.极贫金属晕星的[Al/Fe]LTE与[Na/Fe]LTE 未见明显相关性,而金属丰度较高的晕星的[Al/Fe]LTE与[Na/Fe]LTE表现出明显正相关,[Al/Fe]NLTE与[Na/Fe]NLTE始终表现出明显正相关.参考文献【相关文献】[1]向守平.天体物理概论.合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社,2008: 195-212[2]Reddy B E,Tomkin J,Lambert D L,et al.MNRAS,2003,340: 304[3]Reddy B E,Lambert D L,Prieto C A.MNRAS,2006,367: 1329[4]Gehren T,Liang Y C,Shi J R,et al.A ＆ A,2004,413: 1045[5]Gehren T,Shi J R,Zhang H W,et al.A ＆ A,2006,451: 1065[6]Lai D K,Bolte M,Johnson J A,et al.ApJ,2008,681: 1524[7]Bensby T,Ad´en D,Mel´endez J,et al.A ＆ A,2011,533: A134[8]Bensby T,Feltzing S,Johnson J A,et al.A ＆ A,2010,512: A41[9]Yong D,Lambert D L,Paulson D B,et al.ApJ,2008,673: 854[10]Lai D K,Smith G H,Bolte 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