AN1870

梗概作文700字海底两万里英文回答：20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is an 1870 science fiction novel by Jules Verne. It tells the story of Captain Nemo, a mysterious and reclusive inventor who travels the depths of the ocean in his submarine, the Nautilus. The novel follows the adventures of Professor Aronnax, a French naturalist, and his companions, who are taken captive by Nemo and join him on his underwater journey.Throughout the novel, Aronnax and his companions encounter a variety of marine life, including giant squids, whales, and sharks. They also explore underwater cities, battle sea monsters, and witness the wonders of the deep sea. Along the way, they learn about Nemo's tragic past and his reasons for shunning human society.In the end, the Nautilus is destroyed and Nemo is killed, but Aronnax and his companions are able to escape.They return to the surface with a newfound appreciation for the beauty and mystery of the underwater world.中文回答：海底两万里是儒勒·凡尔纳于1870年撰写的一部科幻小说。

我想发明收割机作文### Invention of the Combine Harvester: A Triumph of Agricultural Machinery.The combine harvester, an indispensable tool in modern agriculture, has revolutionized the harvesting process, making it more efficient and productive. This remarkable invention has a rich history, dating back to the late 19th century.The concept of a machine that could reap, thresh, and clean grain in a single operation emerged in the 1820s. However, it was not until the 1870s that Hiram Moore, an American inventor, developed a practical combine harvester. Moore's machine employed a rotating cylinder studded with teeth to separate the grain from the straw.In 1890, Andrew Meikle, a Scottish engineer, introduced a combine harvester with a threshing drum that utilized centrifugal force to remove the grain. This designsignificantly improved the efficiency of the harvesting process and laid the foundation for the modern combine harvester.Over the years, the combine harvester underwent numerous refinements and advancements. In the early 20th century, self-propelled models were introduced, eliminating the need for teams of horses to pull the machine. The incorporation of hydraulic systems improved the machine's maneuverability and increased its versatility.Today, combine harvesters are highly sophisticated machines equipped with advanced technology. They feature GPS guidance systems for precise navigation, sensors to monitor crop conditions, and yield monitors to optimize harvesting efficiency. The use of combine harvesters has transformed agriculture by reducing labor costs, increasing productivity, and improving the quality of harvested crops.### 中文回答：联合收割机的发明，农业机械的胜利。

航天系统电搭接和接地的电磁兼容性和安全性设计：校对：审核：批准：目录1 范围 (1)1.1 目的 (1)1.2 概述 (1)2 参考文件 (1)3 定义 (2)4 一般搭接和接地指导 (2)4.1电气搭接 (2)4.2接地 (3)4.3飞行器着陆和地面服务 (3)4.4设计要求 (3)4.5电气搭接的类型 (4)4.6搭接条 (5)4.7搭接线 (6)4.8搭接金属和表面处理选择 (6)4.9金属之间的接触 (7)5细节要求 (7)5.1铝表面处理 (7)5.2镁合金的表面处理 (8)5.3钢表面处理 (8)5.4 结构金属部件 (8)5.5 表面整修 (8)5.6 导电性胶 (8)5.7 电搭接的方法 (8)5.8 天线的搭接安装 (9)5.9 电气接地 (10)5.10 闪电搭接考虑因素 (11)5.11 复合材料搭接 (11)5.12 非金属部件 (11)5.13 搭接电阻/电抗的测量 (11)6 质保条款 (12)6.1 过程检验 (12)I6.2 最终检验 (12)6.3 检验职责 (12)6.4 检验员证书 (12)II1范围1.1目的本文件规定了用于航空航天的电气、航空电子、武器装备、通讯等设备安装的电气搭接和接地的最低要求。

此文件中指定的搭接和接地的要求目的在于为电气、航空电子、武器装备、通讯和电气装备提供一个稳定的低阻抗电气通路，使其能承受操作环境和腐蚀的影响。

这也是防止产生电磁干扰电平，保护电气稳定性免受静电影响的必要措施。

1.2概述有效控制电磁干扰和电效应危害的一个前提条件是建立一个参考接地面并提供一个和它可靠的连接。

建立和接地面的连接叫做接地，在导体之间用机械方法建立一个低阻抗回路是电搭接。

2参考文件下列文件，以购买时的版本或建议的要求为准，在指定范围内构成此标准的一部分。

标准MIL-STD-889 异种金属MIL-STD-1250 电气组合和装配的腐蚀预防和退化控制MIL-STD-1757 航空器和硬件的防闪电测试技术说明MIL-M-3171 铝合金，航空系统的预处理工序和搭接的防腐蚀以及电气和闪电MIL-B-5087 电防护MIL-S-5002 武器系统的表面处理和其金属表面的无机涂层MIL-C-5541 铝或铝合金上的化学转化涂层MIL-E-6051 电磁兼容要求，系统MIL-C-7439 飞行器及导弹外部塑料零件的橡胶耐雨蚀及带静电处理的耐雨蚀覆盖系统MIL-1-46058 绝缘复合物,电气(对于电路装配涂层)MIL-T-83454 接线端子，接线柱，盲板，用于电气搭接和接地（非绝缘）TT-L-32 飞机使用的漆、硝酸纤维素、亮光漆TT-L-20A 漆，伪装保护漆MS 25083 搭接线装配, 带电, 搭接和电流回路NATO Stanag 3859 固定翼飞行器及直升机上的标准数据清单的交互性研究及及外载认证DH1-4 电磁兼容性设计手册共×页第1页Military Handbook 军用手册——飞机安全电搭接MIL-HDBK-274 (AS)其它出版物ASCC 12/24 空气标准化协调委员会文件SAE ARP1481 附件设计中的腐蚀控制和电导率NASA RP-1008 飞行器闪电防护FAA AC 20-53 ( ) 燃料系统防闪电保护BCAR D4-6 电气搭接和闪电放电保护3定义本规范中，下面的定义是适用的：搭接—需要电气连接的传导部分之间的连接。

高考英语二轮语法复习学案（冠词）（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an.的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

（三）基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。

冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

1、定冠词的基本用法：① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。

如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。

如：Close the window, please.③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。

如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④用于表示方位的名词之前。

IXi： the east, the right.⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。

如：the first, the tallest.⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。

：the sick, the wounded.⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。

如：the Unite d States, the United Nation.⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。

如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。

如：The Smiths用于乐器的名词前。

如：play the piano; play the violin.（11）发明物。

如：The compass was invented in China.⑫年代名词前。

如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.（13）固定词组中。

如：in the. morning（afternoon, evening）, on the other hand , at the same time2、不定冠词的基本用法：①泛指一个。

・“现代化与世俗化”研讨会论文选登・维多利亚晚期英国宗教的世俗化张卫良 内容提要　在维多利亚晚期,英国宗教一方面呈现出“信仰危机”,经常去教堂做礼拜的信徒日渐减少,教堂冷清;另一方面,宗教教派十分活跃,广泛地参与现世的社会活动。

这些现象的出现源于英国宗教的历史传统及其社会的深刻变革。

关键词　英国　维多利亚晚期　宗教　世俗化基督教在英国社会生活中长期占据着主导地位,这是一个众所周知的事实。

但是,英国宗教并不是一成不变的①。

在工业革命以后,英国宗教呈现出新的趋势,教派众多,教理纷杂。

至维多利亚晚期,英国宗教一方面呈现出“信仰危机”,各个教派去教堂做礼拜的人数停滞不前,甚至下降,教堂门可罗雀;另一方面,英国宗教教派十分活跃,安立甘教、不信奉国教教派和罗马天主教教派纷纷卷入现世的社会生活,选择现世务实的世俗化道路。

对于中世纪和近代早期的英国宗教,国内学者做了大量的研究,而关于英国宗教世俗化的研究则几乎没有②。

本文尝试对维多利亚晚期英国宗教的世俗化进行初步探讨,以有助于我们全面地认识英国宗教的发展进程。

一 英国宗教是复杂多元的,虽然安立甘教名义上是国教,但实际上并非英国的惟一宗教,其生存也不依赖于政府的财政资助。

在维多利亚时代,英国国教会面临一系列的危机,首先是英国国教逐渐丧失了在教义和礼仪等方面的垄断地位。

1689年的《宽容法案》、1828年的《考试和社团法案》和1829年的《罗马天主教安慰法案》都标志着国教独断专行的失败;在19世纪晚期,英国国教在宗教事务尤其在教义解释上的垄断地位也被打破了,《三十九条信纲》已经不再是所有教徒必须遵守的准则。

其次,英国国教的传统管理方式已经不能适应新教区的人口变化。

在英国乡村,一些教区特别是乡村教①②本文的英国宗教主要指英国的基督教,包括英国国教、不信奉国教教派和罗马天主教教派。

关于中世纪和近代早期的英国宗教,国内的论著主要有柴惠庭《英国清教》(上海社会科学院出版社1994年版)、刘城《英国中世纪教会研究》(首都师范大学出版社1996年版)、蔡骐《英国宗教改革研究》(湖南师范大学出版社1997年版),等等;关于英国宗教的世俗化仅见董小川一文有所涉及(《现代英国宗教多元化的历史成因、表现及其特点》,《世界历史》2005年第6期,第45-55页)。

十九：冠词（练习（一）1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. the, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every8. He was absent because he had caught ____.A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy coldD. heavy cold9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 199515. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.A. frontB. the frontC. a frontD. instead21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?A. manB. the manC. a manD. men26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. theD./27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.A. National DayB. the National DayC. our National DayD. a National Day练习（二）1. ---You mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him.A. otherB. theC. /D. a2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?A. a, /B. the, /C. a, theD. the, the3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.A. a, aB. the, aC. /, /D. /, a4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.A. a,/, theB. a,/, /C. the, the, theD. the, an, an5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.A. the, theB. the, /C. the, aD. /, a6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.A. /, /B. his, hisC. the, theD. an, his7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.A. the, /B. /, /C. /, aD. the, the8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.A. a, theB. a, /C. the, aD. the, the9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?A. the, the, theB. a, the, aC. the, a, theD. the, the, a10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.A. the, aB. /, /C. a, aD. /, a11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.A. the, aB. a, aC. the, /D. the, /12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?A. a, aB. a, theC. the, aD. the, the13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.A. /, /B. the, theC. a, /D./, the14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, a15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.A. a, the, theB. a,/,theC. /,/,theD. /,/,a16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.A. an, aB. /, theC. the, aD. the, /17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.A. a, aB. the, aC. a, /D. the, /18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.A. the, theB. a, aC. a, /D. the, /19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.A. the, aB. /, theC. /, /D. the, /20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.A. /, aB. the, /C. /, theD. the, the21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.A. the dressB. a dressC. dressD. the dresses22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? ---Oh, it was ____ success.A. How, really aB. What, greatC. How, /D. What, quite a23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.A. /,/,theB. a,/,/C. a, the,/D. /,the, the24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.A. /, the, aB. a, /, theC. a, a, theD. a, the, the25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.A. /, /B. /, aC. the, /D. /, the26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.A. a, aB. /, /C. a, theD. a, /28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.A. a, theB. a, /C. the, anD. the, the29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.A. /, /B. a, aC. the, /D. the, the30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.A. the, the, /B. the, the, aC. /, the, aD. /, the, /31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)A./;B. aC. theD. one32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.A./;/B. the ; theC. the; /D./;the （MET1991 11）33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.A./; /B. the; theC. the; /D./; the （MET1992 36）34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.A. the ; theB./; /C. the; /D./; the （MET 1993 19）35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the; theB. the ; /C. a; /D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the （NMET1994 23）37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD./;the （NMET 1996 13）38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.A. the ; /B. the; theC./; theD./; /（NMET 1999 8）39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .A.90s; theirB. the 90s; /C.90s; /D. the 90s; their（1999.上海6）40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they killthem for food.A. the; aB./; aC. the ; theD./; the (NMET2000 10)41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)A. a; theB. the; theC. the ; aD. a; a42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.A./; aB. the; /C./; /D. the ; the (2000.春招8)43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招26)A. a; theB. the ;不填C. the; theD. was killing44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)A./;theB./;anC. an; anD. the; the45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. ---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.A. the, theB. /, theC. the, /D. /, a答案：十九：冠词练习一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA26~30 DCBBA练习二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB。

最厉害的英文作文英文回答：In the annals of literature, numerous authors have left an indelible mark upon the hearts and minds of readers with their exquisite prose, profound insights, and timeless tales. Among these literary luminaries, there are several who stand out as the most formidable and influentialwriters of all time.1. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)。

Shakespeare, an English poet and playwright, is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. His works encompass a vast range of human emotions, characters, and themes.Shakespeare's plays have been translated into every major language and are performed and studied all over the world. His legacy extends far beyond literature, as hiswords and characters have become embedded in the cultural fabric of countless societies.2. Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881)。

美国历史上的名人的英文简介（An American history of famouspeople）本杰明? 富兰克林 (1706 - benjamin franklin, 1790)franklin is the founding father who is seen as the master of home spun (朴素的) practical wisdom. of humble origins, he began as a printer and writer (the author of poor richard's almanack), then became an inventor and scientist, and concluded his long career as the consummate diplomat, 完美的). he played a key behind the scenes role at the conventions that led to the declaration of independence and the u.s. constitution.富兰克林是美国开国元勋, 被誉为朴素、务实的智慧大师.他出身贫寒, 最初从事印刷和写作 (《穷人理查德年鉴》一书的作者), 后成为发明家和科学家, 最后作为杰出的外交家结束了漫长的职业生涯.他从幕后为各种重要会议发挥了关键作用, 最后导致《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》的诞生.george washington (1732 - 99).the first president of the united states and the american commander in chief during the war of independence from great britain, washington is often called the "father of his country". originally a gentleman farmer in virginia, washington showed great leadership qualities as a soldier. highly popular with the american public, he was eulogized by a member of congress as "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen."乔治? 华盛顿 (george washington, 1732 - 1799)华盛顿是美国第一任总统, 在摆脱英国统治的独立战争 (war of independence) 时期担任总司令, 常被尊称为 "国父".他原是弗吉尼亚州 (virginia) 一位从事农业的乡绅, 后成为一名军人, 表现出非凡的领导能力.他在美国公众中享有崇高的声望, 一位国会议员曾赞颂他是 "英勇作战第一人, 争取和平第一人、國人心中第一人.thomas jefferson (1743 - 1826)jefferson was the primary author of the declaration of independence in 1776. we hold these truths to be self evident, "he wrote," that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. "jefferson, who was later elected the third president of the united states, also wrote the state of virginia's law establishing religious freedom and founded the university of virginia. 托马斯? 杰佛逊 (thomas jefferson, 1743 - 1826)杰佛逊是1776年《独立宣言》主要起草人.他写道 "我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的: 人人生而平等, 造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利, 其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利. 杰佛逊后来当选美国第三任总统.他还起草了弗吉尼亚州保障宗教自由的法律, 并创办了弗吉尼亚大学 (university of virginia).sacagawea (ca. 1786 - 1812)a young woman of the lemhi indians in present-day idaho, sacagawea helped the lewis and clark expedition in 1804 06 exploring vast newly acquired lands in the american west. sacagawea, who spoke several indian dialects, served as a guideand interpreter to various native american tribes during this peaceful movement. when the expedition encountered the lemhi band, she arranged for the lemhi to provide the horses, food, and shelter that made the journey to the pacific ocean. one of sacagawea''s descendants.Willow Jack，如真正的服装。

中考英语冠词专项训练不定冠词a/an一、用a或an填空：1. ____ honest boy2. ____ ugly man3. ____ useful tool4. ____ one-way road5. ____ uncle6. ____ uniform7. ____ university8. _____ hour9. ____ umbrella 10. _____ interesting story 11. _____ “x”12. ______ “s”13. ______ “h”14. ______ “u”15 _____European 16 ______heavy snow17 give ____shout二、写出下列惯用语1. 一会儿2. 匆忙3．玩得很愉快 4. 去散步5．一群 6. 去游泳7．助某人一臂之力8. 谋生9洗澡10 做出选择11作出决定12 从前13突然14因此15 通常16事实上17高速地18 说谎19 高\低声地20微笑着21做演讲22 插话23对……有天赋24习惯于，通常25拜访26 照看，密切注视27 给某人帮忙28 许多、大量29 许多（+可数名词）30 许多（+不可数名词）31 体育用品收藏丰富32 价格优惠33 相当成功34 别客气定冠词the一、the用法:1．_______ sun rises in _______ east．2．Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．3．It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．4．They went to _______ People's Park，but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday．5．Where do you live？I live on _________ second floor.6．I believe that _______ young have a bright future.7．Paris is _______ most beautiful city, where you can see _______ famous Eiffel Tower.8．Eddie likes playing _______ basketball best. He doesn’t like playing _______ piano.9. Shanghai is in _______ east of China．10. They passed our school _______ day before yesterday．二、写出下列惯用语1．在中间 2. 一直3．此刻，目前 4. 第一次5．去看电影（cinema） 6. 在右边7．给某人指路8. 与。

用英语推荐海底两万里作文英文回答：Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is an adventure novel by French author Jules Verne first published in 1870. The novel tells the story of Captain Nemo, a mysterious and reclusive submarine captain, and his crew of the Nautilus, an extraordinary submarine that can travel all the way to the South Pole. The novel follows the adventures of Professor Aronnax, a French scientist, Conseil, hisfaithful servant, and Ned Land, a Canadian harpooner, who are taken aboard the Nautilus after their ship is sunk by the submarine.The novel is a classic of science fiction and has been adapted into several films, television shows, and other media. It is a thrilling tale of adventure and exploration that captures the imagination of readers of all ages.中文回答：《海底两万里》是法国作家儒勒·凡尔纳创作的一部科幻小说，于1870年首次出版。

产品技术说明书
欧稳德® 抗氧剂 AN1790
基本特性欧稳德® AN1790是一种受阻酚型抗氧剂，抗热老化性能高，耐洗涤液抽提，与硫代二丙酸酯类抗氧剂并用有良好的协同效应等优点。

主要优势• 添加量少，耐热性强。

• 在树脂材料中使用无污染、不着色。

化学结构
化学名称1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮
CAS 号40601-76-1
分子量699.92 g/mol
外观白色粉末
规格
检测项目指标
含量（%）96.00 以上
熔点（°C）159.00-163.00
挥发份（%）0.50 以下
应用范围
欧稳德® AN1790广泛应用于尼龙，聚酯，ABS材料，聚烯烃管材，农膜，家用电器
材料等等。

包装
25KG纸箱或按照客户要求。

Data SheetCisco ATA 187 Analog Telephone AdaptorProduct OverviewThe Cisco® ATA 187 Analog Telephone Adaptor is a handset-to-Ethernet adaptor that turns traditional telephone devices into IP devices. Customers can take advantage of the many new and exciting IP telephony applications by connecting their analog devices to Cisco ATAs.The Cisco ATA products are standards-based communication devices that deliver true, next-generation voice-over-IP (VoIP) terminations to businesses and residences worldwide.●Protects existing telephone investment: The Cisco ATA 187 supports two voice ports, each with its ownindependent telephone number, and a single RJ-45 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet port. This adaptor can make use of existing Ethernet LANs in addition to broadband pipes such as DSL, fixed wireless, and cable modem deployments.●Cost effective: The Cisco ATA 187 helps customers turn their analog phone devices into IP devices costeffectively and is the preferred solution to address the needs of customers who connect to enterprisenetworks, small-office environments, or the emerging VoIP managed voice services and local servicesmarket.Enterprise customers are using the Cisco ATA 187 to connect analog phones and fax machines to their VoIP network. Service providers are taking advantage of emerging telephony applications and the ease of deploying second-line services using the Cisco ATA 187 (Figures 1 and 2).Figure 1. Cisco ATA 187: Endpoint for an End-to-End Broadband SystemFigure 2. Cisco ATA 187 as Endpoint in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Network* DSL and cable mode need SIP support.Features and BenefitsTable 1 lists the features and benefits of the Cisco ATA 187.Table 1.Features and BenefitsFeatureBenefits Configuration and Provisioning● Configuration as per Cisco endpoints devices● Autoprovisioning with Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) for servers ● Automatic assignment of IP address, network routing IP, and subnet mask using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ● Touch-tone telephone keypad configuration with voice prompt ● Administration password to protect configuration and access ● Remote upgrades through network● Cisco Unified Communications Manager (UCM) standard configuration and provisioning options ● Ease of administrationVoice Quality● Advanced preprocessing to optimize full-duplex voice compression ● High-performance line-echo cancellation to eliminate noise and echo ● Voice activity detection (VAD) and comfort noise generation (CNG) to save bandwidth by delivering voice, not silence● Dynamic network monitoring to reduce jitter artifacts such a packet lossClear, natural-sounding voice qualitySignaling Protocol● Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) on the Cisco line sideAllows interoperation with Cisco UCM SIP solution Security● Secure Real-Time Transfer Protocol and Transport Layer Security (SRTP/TLS) over SIPSecure media and secure signaling support, for secure solutions Fax Support● T38 fax supportStandard fax capability to send faxes over the IP network Form Factor● Fits in most environmentsNew form-factor design based on the Cisco endpoints portfolio Cisco UCM Version Compatibility●Cisco UCM Versions 7.1.5, 8.0.2, or higherProduct SpecificationsTable 2 presents the specifications for the Cisco ATA 187.Table 2. Product SpecificationsPhysical SpecificationsPower Power supply: Universal AC power supply 100 and 240VPower adaptor output voltage: +12.0 VDC at 1A maximum Noise level Less than 34 dBA at 3 feetConnectors 2 RJ 11Thermal Operating temperature: 23 to 113°F (5 to 45 °C)Non-operating temperature: -13 to 158ºF (-25 to 70ºC) Humidity Operating humidity: 5 to 95% noncondensingMean time between failure (MTBF) 100,000 hoursPhysical dimensions (H x W x D) and weight Dimensions: 1.5 x 5.4 x 6.7 in. (3.8 x 13.7 x 17.0 cm) Weight: 9.2 oz (260g)Compliance RoHS- and WEEE-compliant materialsOn-off switch To turn device on and offSoftware SpecificationsCisco ATA SIP services ●IP address assignment: Provided by DHCP or statically configured●Cisco ATA configuration through Cisco UCM configuration interface●VLAN configuration●Cisco Discovery Protocol●Low-bit-rate codec selection●User authentication●Configurable tones (dial tone, busy tone, alert tone, reorder tone, and call-waiting tone)●Dial plans●SIP proxy server redundancy●Privacy features●Domain Name System (DNS) service (SRV) support●User-configurable, call waiting; permanent default setting●Comfort noise during silence period when using G.711●Advanced audio mode●Caller ID format●Ring cadence format●Silence suppression●Hook-flash detection timing configuration●Configurable on-hook delay●Type of service (ToS) configuration for audio and signaling Ethernet packets●Debugging and diagnostic toolsSIP services Cisco ATA supports the methods listed here (for more information, refer to RFC-3261):●REGISTER●REFER●INVITE●BYE●CANCEL●NOTIFY●OPTIONS●ACK●SUBSCRIBESupplementary services ●Caller ID●Call-waiting caller ID●Voice-mail indication●Conference call●Call waiting●Call forwarding●Calling-line identification●Unattended transfer●Attended transfer●Shared line●Speed dial●Meet me●Pick up●RedialOther supported protocols ●IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging●Cisco Discovery Protocol●DNS●DHCP●Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)●IP●Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)●TCP●Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)●User Datagram Protocol (UDP)Fax services The Cisco ATA supports two modes of fax services, in which fax signals are transmitted using the G.711codec:●Fax pass-through mode: The mode enables receiver-side called-station-identification (CED) tonedetection with automatic G.711A-law or G.711µ-law switching.●T38 fax relay mode: The T.38 fax relay feature enables devices to use fax machines to send files over theIP network. In general, when a fax is received, it is converted to an image, sent to the T.38 fax device,and converted back to an analog fax signal. T.38 fax relays configured with voice gateways decode ordemodulate the fax signals before they are transported over IP.Note: Success of fax transmission depends on network conditions and the fax modem response to theseconditions. The network must have reasonably low network jitter, network delay, and packet loss rate.Voice codecs supported ●G.711µ-law●G.711A-law●G.729●G.729A●G.729B●G.729ABSRTP/TLS ●SRTP secures voice conversations on the network and provides protection against replay attacks.●TLS is a cryptographic protocol that secures data communications such as email on the Internet. TLS isfunctionally equivalent to SSL.VoIP specifications ●LAN port: One RJ-45 10/100BASE-T Fast Ethernet port●Quality of service (QoS): Precedence setting and differentiated services code point (DSCP)Call progress tones Configurable based on network localeLine-echo cancellation ●Echo canceller for each port●8-millisecond (ms) echo length●Nonlinear echo suppression (echo return loss [ERL] greater than 28 dB for f = 300 to 3400 Hz)System RequirementsFigure 3 shows the system setup.Figure 3. System SetupWarranty InformationFind warranty information on at the Product Warranties page.Ordering InformationHelp customers understand all the components or parts they need to purchase to install and use the product. This section also provides a direct link to the Cisco Ordering Tool, and Table 3 lists part numbers for customer convenience.To place an order, visit the Cisco Ordering homepage. To download software, visit the Cisco Software Center. Table 3. Ordering InformationProduct Name Part NumberCisco ATA 187 ATA187-I1-A=Product Name Part NumberATA power supply cables for Taiwan ATA187PWRCORD-TWNATA power supply cables for Brazil ATA187PWRCORD-UCATA power supply cables for North America ATA187PWRCORD-NAATA power supply cables for Japan ATA187PWRCORD-JPProduct Name Part NumberATA power supply cables for Continent Europe ATA187PWRCORD-EUATA power supply cables for United Kingdom ATA187PWRCORD-UKATA power supply cables for Australia ATA187PWRCORD-AUATA power supply cables for China ATA187PWRCORD-CCCATA power supply cables for Argentina ATA187PWRCORD-IRAMATA power supply cables for India ATA187PWRCORD-INDATA power supply cables for Mexico ATA187PWRCORD-MEXATA power supply cables for Saudi Arabia ATA187PWRCORD-SAUDATA power supply cable for South Africa ATA187PWRCORD-SABCisco ServicesCisco Services integrates closely with consumer marketing teams as an essential element of any technology solution. Please contact your Cisco Services marketing communications manager if you have not already received targeted services content blocks for integration. Please email ******************* if you are not sure of the appropriate contact.Cisco Services make networks, applications, and the people who use them work better together.Today, the network is a strategic platform in a world that demands better integration between people, information, and ideas. The network works better when services, together with products, create solutions aligned with business needs and opportunities.The unique Cisco Lifecycle approach to services defines the requisite activities at each phase of the network lifecycle to help ensure service excellence. With a collaborative delivery methodology that joins the forces of Cisco, our skilled network of partners, and our customers, we achieve the best results.For More InformationUse this section to a “call to action” message. Insert your product-specific content in the standard wording below. If there is no alias, delete the “or” and the alias blank, and add a period after “representative.” Local account representative” should be linked to an appropriate general rep page, if available. Consider directing data sheet readers to white papers, solution overviews, case studies, or other marketing materials.For more information about the Cisco Enter Product Name, visit Enter URL for Product Home Page or contact your local account representative or Enter Cisco alias.。

Keysight N5700A Series and N8700A Series Power Supply FamilyThis manual provides the documentationfor the following instruments:-N5741A through N5752A,-N5761A through N5772A,-N8731A through N8742A,-N8754A through N8762ANotices© Keysight Technologies 2019, 2020No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws. Trademark AcknowledgementsN/A Manual Part Number5991-3419Print DateMarch, 2020Revision CPublished in USAKeysight Technologies1400 Fountaingrove ParkwaySanta Rosa, CA 95403WarrantyTHE MATERIAL CONTAINED INTHIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED“AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TOBEING CHANGED, WITHOUTNOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS.FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUMEXTENT PERMITTED BYAPPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHTDISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIEDWITH REGARD TO THIS MANUALAND ANY INFORMATIONCONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDINGBUT NOT LIMITED TO THEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLEFOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTALOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCONNECTION WITH THEFURNISHING, USE, ORPERFORMANCE OF THISDOCUMENT OR ANYINFORMATION CONTAINEDHEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT ANDTHE USER HAVE A SEPARATEWRITTEN AGREEMENT WITHWARRANTY TERMS COVERINGTHE MATERIAL IN THISDOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITHTHESE TERMS, THE WARRANTYTERMS IN THE SEPARATEAGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.Technology LicensesThe hardware and/or softwaredescribed in this document arefurnished under a license and maybe used or copied only inaccordance with the terms of suchlicense.Restricted Rights LegendIf software is for use in theperformance of a U.S. Governmentprime contract or subcontract,Software is delivered and licensedas “Commercial computersoftware” as defined in DFAR252.227-7014 (June 1995), or asa “commercial item” as defined inFAR 2.101(a) or as “Restrictedcomputer software” as defined inFAR 52.227-19 (June 1987) or anyequivalent agency regulation orcontract clause. Use, duplicationor disclosure of Software issubject to Keysight Technologies’standard commercial licenseterms, and non-DOD Departmentsand Agencies of the U.S.Government will receive nogreater than Restricted Rights asdefined in FAR 52.227-19(c)(1-2)(June 1987). U.S. Governmentusers will receive no greater thanLimited Rights as defined in FAR52.227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November1995), as applicable in anytechnical data.Safety NoticesA CAUTION notice denotes ahazard. It calls attention to anoperating procedure, practice, orthe like that, if not correctlyperformed or adhered to, couldresult in damage to the product orloss of important data. Do notproceed beyond a CAUTION noticeuntil the indicated conditions arefully understood and met.A WARNING notice denotes ahazard. It calls attention to anoperating procedure, practice, orthe like that, if not correctlyperformed or adhered to, couldresult in personal injury or death.Do not proceed beyond aWARNING notice until theindicated conditions are fullyunderstood and met.Where to Find the Latest InformationDocumentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, see the following URLs:/find/n5700To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates:/find/MyKeysightIs your product software up-to-date?Periodically, Keysight releases software updates to fix known defects and incorporate product enhancements. To search for software updates for your product, go to the Keysight Technical Support website at:/find/techsupportTable of ContentsContacting Keysight Sales and Service Offices (5)Products Covered by this Document (6)Security Terms and Definitions (7)Instrument Memory (8)Summary of Memory Declassification Procedures (10)User and Remote Interface Security Measures (11)Memory Sanitization Procedures for Declassifying a Faulty Instrument. (12)References (13)Contacting Keysight Sales and Service OfficesAssistance with test and measurement needs, and information on finding a local Keysight office, is available on the Internet at:/find/assistIf you do not have access to the Internet, please contact your field engineer.In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the instrument by its modelnumber and full serial number. With this information, the Keysight representative candetermine whether your unit is still within its warranty period.Products Covered by this DocumentFamily Name: N5700 Series and N8700 SeriesProduct Name: DC Power SupplyModel Numbers:N5741A, N5742A, N5743A, N5744A, N5745A, N5746A, N5747A, N5748A, N5749A, N5750A,N5751A, N5752AN5761A, N5762A, N5763A, N5764A, N5765A, N5766A, N5767A, N5768A, N5769A, N5770A,N5771A, N5772AN8731A, N8732A, N8733A, N8734A, N8735A, N8736A, N8737A, N8738A, N8739A, N8740A,N8741A, N8742AN8754A, N8755A, N8756A, N8757A, N8758A, N8759A, N8760A, N8761A, N8762ASerial Numbers: Applies to models that have serial numbers US14G0001X and above.This document describes instrument security features and the steps to declassify an instrument through memory clearing, sanitization or removal. For additional information, go to:/find/securityBe sure that all information stored by the user in the instrument that needs to be saved isproperly backed up before attempting to clear any of the instrument memory. KeysightTechnologies cannot be held responsible for any lost files or data resulting from the clearingof memory. Be sure to read this document entirely before proceeding with any file deletionor memory clearing.Security Terms and DefinitionsTerm DefinitionClearing As defined in Section 8-301a of DoD 5220.22-M, clearing is the process of eradicating the data on media before reusing the media so that the data can no longer be retrieved using the standardinterfaces on the instrument. Clearing is typically used when the instrument is to remain in anenvironment with an acceptable level of protection.Instrument Declassification A term that refers to procedures that must be undertaken before an instrument can be removed from a secure environment, such as is the case when the instrument is returned for calibration. Declassification procedures include memory sanitization or memory removal, or both. Keysight declassification procedures are designed to meet the requirements specified in DoD 5220.22-M, Chapter 8.Sanitization As defined in Section 8-301b of DoD 5220.22-M, sanitization is the process of removing or eradicating stored data so that the data cannot be recovered using any known technology.Instrument sanitization is typically required when an instrument is moved from a secure to a non-secure environment, such as when it is returned to the factory for calibration.Keysight memory sanitization procedures are designed for customers who need to meet therequirements specified by the US Defense Security Service (DSS). These requirements arespecified in the “Clearing and Sanitization Matrix” in Section 5.2.5.5.5 of the ISFO ProcessManual.Secure Erase Secure Erase is a term that is used to refer to either the clearing or sanitization features of Keysight instruments.Instrument MemoryThis section contains information on the types of memory available in your instrument. It explains the size of memory, how it is used, its location, volatility, and the sanitization procedure.Table 1: Summary of instrument memory for the DC Power Supply.Memory Type and SizeI s M e m o r y u s e r a c c e s s i b l e a s a m a s s s t o r a g e d e v i c eW r i t a b l e D u r i n g N o r m a l O p e r a t i o n ?D a t a R e t a i n e d W h e n P o w e r e d O f f ?Purpose/ContentsData Input MethodLocation in Instrument and RemarksSanitization ProcedureSystem Flash (NAND Flash) 79 MBNo Yes YesContains the operating system and instrument firwmare Factory Install / Firmware UpgradeCPU boardNo method, not user accessible, and contains no application-specific information. User Flash (NAND Flash) 42 MB Yes Yes Yessaved instrument states User-saved dataCPU board (same chip as firmware memory, butmanaged separately) See Table 2Keysight Flash (NAND Flash) 1 MBNo Yes Yes Not UsedFactory or Service OnlyCPU board (same chip as firmware memory, butmanaged separately)No method, not user accessible, and contains no application-specific information. Boot Flash (NAND Flash) 6 MBNo Yes YesBootloadercomponents that load the operating firmware from the NAND flash memory Factory InstallCPU board (same chip as firmware memory, butmanaged separately)No method, not user accessible, and contains no application-specific information. FPGA14.6 K cells No Yes No GPIB control data and registersFactory Install CPU boardPower cycle PROMM25P40 FLASH Memory 4 MB NoNoYesFPGA program code. No user stored data.Factory Service OnlyCPU boardNo method, not user accessibleMain processor (ROM) 32 kBNoNoYesMain processor execution codeManufacturer programmedCPU boardNo method, not user accessible, and contains no application-specific information.Table 1 - continuedMemory Type and SizeI s M e m o r y u s e r a c c e s s i b l e a s a m a s s s t o r a g e d e v i c eW r i t a b l e D u r i n g N o r m a l O p e r a t i o nD a t a R e t a i n e d W h e n P o w e r e d O f f ?Purpose/ContentsData Input MethodLocation in Instrument and RemarksSanitization ProcedureMain processor (SRAM) 8 kBNo Yes NoTemporary execution data Operating System CPU boardPower cycleMain RAM (SDRAM) 1 G-bit No Yes No Temporary execution data Operating System CPU board Power cycle EEPROM 2 KbNoYesYesCalibrationconstants, model and serial numberFactory Service OnlyMain boardNo method, not user accessibleSummary of Memory Declassification ProceduresThis section explains how to clear, sanitize, and remove memory from your instrument, for all classes of memory that are writeable during normal operation and for which the clearing and sanitization procedure is more than trivial such as rebooting your instrument.Before beginning clearing or sanitization, be sure to write down and save the instrument’sModel, Serial number, Option, and software License Key information. Read this entiredocument before using any sanitization procedure. Failure to do so may necessitatereturning the instrument to an Authorized Keysight Service Center for firmware downloadsand recalibration.Table 2: NAND Flash Part B (User Flash)Description and purpose User preferences and instrument statesSize 42 MBMemory clearing No procedureMemory sanitization On the remote interface send: SYSTem:SECurity:IMMediateThis procedure clears all instrument memory except for the instrument’s firmware, MACaddress and serial number and calibration data, and then reboots the instrument to thenew memory state. This routine writes all zeros to memory and then performs a full chiperase as per manufacturer’s data sheet. This procedure is not recommended for use inroutine applications because of the possibility of unintended loss of data.Memory removal If product is not operational contact Keysight \find\contactusWrite protecting N/ARemarks N/AUser and Remote Interface Security MeasuresScreen and Annotation BlankingNot SupportedRemote Access InterfacesThe user is responsible for providing security for the I/O ports for remote access bycontrolling physical access to the I/O ports. The I/O ports must be controlled because they provide access to all user settings, user states and the display image.The I/O ports include USB, GPIB, and LAN.Memory Sanitization Procedures for Declassifying a Faulty Instrument.If the instrument is not functioning and you are unable to use the security functions, contact Keysight /find/contactus.You must physically remove the processor boards from the power supply. Once this assembliy is removed, destroy the processor board and send the instrument to a Keysight repair facility. If the repair facility determines that a new processor board fixes the problem and the instrument is still under warranty, you will not be charged for the new board. If they determine that the failure was caused by something other than the processor board, you will be charged for the new board even though the instrument is still under warrantyThis information is subject to change without notice© Keysight Technologies, 2019, 2020March, 2020 Revision C5991-3419References1. DoD 5220.22-M, “National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM)”United States Department of Defense. Revised May 18, 2016.May be downloaded in Acrobat (PDF) format from:/isp/fac_clear/download_nispom.html2. ISFO Process Manual for the Certification and Accreditation of Classified Systems under the NISPOMDefense Security Service./documents/odaa/ODAA%20Process%20Manual%20Version%203.2.pdf。

Work smarter, faster, and easier®1870 MFP is a high-1and print speed up to 55 pages per minute (ppm).1The low-glare, adjustable color touch screen and intuitive interface make it easy for all types of users to complete jobs quickly.SIMPLIFY DAILY OUTPUT TASKSThe InfoPrint 1870 MFP includes many features that simplify use. It provides job interrupt to accommodate priority copies, USB flash mem-ory device print and scan, intuitive job cancel, auto sensing for letter and legal sizes, copy countdown, a legal-size flatbed scanner, e-mail print confirmation, customizable icons, and embedded solutions, such as scan to folder.Additional functions help to achieve profes-sional results: reduce and enlarge, separa-tor sheets, margin shift, edge erase and date/time stamp. With variable quality settings—1200 x 1200 dpi at reduced speed and 600 x 600 dpi at full speed—users can obtain the output quality they desire.MarkVision printer management utilities help you achieve a cross-platform printer management solution. Administrators can monitor and manage network devices via a Web browser and receive real-time notifica-tion of printer conditions, such as low toner, to enable fast intervention when it’s required.PROVIDE HIGHER PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONALITY WITH A HARD DRIVEA hard drive may help process jobs faster and provide additional functionality. Scan preview gives users the opportunity to ver-ify that the document has been scanned appropriately. In copy mode, you can create booklets from a sequence of collated out-put that, when folded in half, can form a booklet half the page size of the original document and with all the pages in order. Custom job and job build features permit you to combine multiple scanning jobs into a single job. A hard drive also provides more storage for jobs and fonts.REDUCE, RETURN, AND RECYCLEInfoPrint Solutions Company™ recognizesthat environmental conservation is part ofour calling as a global citizen. Reducingwaste is crucial to minimizing our impacton our environment. Offering high-yieldand extra-high-yield toner cartridges willextend cartridge life span and decreaseoverall cartridges manufactured with lesstonnage in the landfill.InfoPrint is committed to preserving naturalresources through the proper handling ofused printer supplies. Once a supply hasreached its end of life, we encourage youto partner with us by participating in ourproduct return programs. We are alsodetermined to recycle supplies that cannotbe reused. If a returned product can’t bereconditioned because it does not meet ourhigh standards for quality and perform-ance, it is then broken down into rawmaterials. More than 90% of this resultantmaterial is recycled into new products.ENGAGE THE PRINTING EXPERTSWith InfoPrint Solutions Company, you canreceive support when you need it fromexperts with comprehensive knowledge ofprinters, software and supplies. Same-dayand next-day service offerings are availablefor InfoPrint Solutions Company printers inthe U.S.BOOST SECURITY ANDCONFIDENTIALITYInsufficient security at the output levelcan place your business at risk. With anInfoPrint MFP, you can reduce risk withsecurity features at both the data streamand printer levels. Intuitive PIN-securedconfidential print functionality helps pre-vent documents from printing until an end-user is at the device to retrieve them.Administrative passwords, encryption, harddrive security and cable lock support pro-vide robust protection. Flexible features,such as configurable user authentication,are compatible with company applicationssuch as LDAP and a customizable operatorpanel allows customers to fine-tune func-tionality to fit their requirements.SUSTAINABILITY IS IMPORTANTThe InfoPrint 1870 was developed withyour environment in mind. The low-costduplex models can help cut your paperusage up to half when jobs default to2-sided printing. These devices use15 – 25% less energy than predecessormodels. We pack our devices carefully,using the smallest number of individualboxes and other packaging materials.Scan capabilities2Scan speed1Up to 55 sides per minute (simplex)Maximum scan size8.5" x 14.0" (216 mm x 355 mm) from the flatbed or duplex scan from ADFMaximum optical resolution Mono and Color output resolution: Up to 600 x 600 dpiScan file formats PDF, JPEG, TIFF and XPSScan features Scan preview; Job Build from flatbed; Custom job from ADF and/or flatbed; Duplex scan; Create booklet; Variablezoom from 25% – 400%; USB and TWAIN driversGeneral specificationsCopy/fax/scan Automatic Document Feeder (ADF)Type: Single pass duplex ADF with c-path Capacity: 75 sheets (20 lb. or 75 g/m2bond)Console type Customizable, 9" (229 mm) color touch screen and number keypad with control buttonsSupported environments5Microsoft®Windows®Server 2008, Server 2008 x64, Server 2003, Server 2003 x64, Vista, XP, XP x64, 2000, Me,98, 95, NT®4, Terminal Services; Citrix MetaFrame; UNIX®; Linux®; IBM AIX®Colon Files; Mac OS; Novell;Other: virtually any platform supporting TCP/IP.Standard datastreams XPS, PCL5 and 6/XL, Postscript 3, PPDS migration tool, PDF v1.6 emulation, HTML, DirectImageApplication solutions Optional IPDS™ and barcode solutions are available.FOR MORE INFORMATIONContact your InfoPrint Solutions Company representative or InfoPrint Solutions Partner or visit:/workgroup©Copyright InfoPrint Solutions Company 2008.All rights reserved.InfoPrint Solutions Company6300 Diagonal Highway 002JBoulder, Colorado80301-9270U.S.A.Printed in the United States of AmericaOctober 2008Ricoh and the Ricoh logo are registered trademarks ofRicoh Co., Ltd. in Japan, other countries or both.IBM and the IBM logo are registered trademarks ofInternational Business Machines Corporation in theUnited States, other countries, or both. The Ricoh andIBM trademarks are used under license from theirrespective trademark owners.InfoPrint Solutions Company is a tradename ofInfoPrint Solutions Company, LLC, in the United States,other countries, or both. InfoPrint is a registeredtrademark of Ricoh Co., Ltd., in the United States,other countries, or both. InfoPrint is used underlicense from the trademark owner.References in this publication to InfoPrint SolutionsCompany products or services do not imply thatInfoPrint Solutions Company intends to make themavailable in all countries in which InfoPrint SolutionsCompany operates. Any purchase of such products orservices will be exclusively governed by the terms ofthe sales or license agreement applicable to suchpurchase to the maximum extent allowed by law.These terms are trademarks or registered trademarksof Ricoh Co., Ltd., in the United States, othercountries, or both: InfoPrint, Ricoh.These terms are trademarks or registered trademarksof International Business Machines Corporation in theUnited States, other countries, or both: AIX, IPDS, IBM.Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, PostScript3 andthe PostScript logo are either registered trademarks ortrademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in theUnited States and/or other countries.Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in theUnited States, other countries, or both.Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, XP, and theWindows logo are trademarks of MicrosoftCorporation in the United States, other countries, orboth.UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group inthe United States and other countries.Other company, product, or service names may betrademarks or service marks of others.The information in this data sheet is subject to changewithout notice. 10/08Exact speed varies depending on documentcomplexity, system configuration, softwareapplication, driver and printer state.See user documentation for specific media types,weights, and sizes that are supported.InfoPrint Solutions Company does not recommendprinting this monthly maximum on a consistent basis.The Image Quality (IQ) enhancement, whether 1200 or2400, is a special print mode designed to vary theintensity of each individual printed dot bymanipulating its size to produce the appearance ofgreater print resolution within the limitation of a setnumber of dots per inch (dpi).Not all versions are supported. Contact your salesrepresentative for a detailed list of supported versions.Assumes 5% coverage per page. Yields are providedfor planning purposes and are not a guarantee ofminimum life; actual yields may vary. Actual usageshould be used to establish the life of the supplyproduct in each end user’s specific application. Manyfactors, such as print coverage per page, paper typeand size, model type and environmental conditionscan affect supply life. Declared yield value inaccordance with ISO/IEC 19752.IPD03060-USEN-02。

英语国家社会与文化入门练习整理英语国家社会与文化入门练习Book1Exercise One （Book1 Unit1）1.The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.2.King Arthur was legendary hero supposed to have fought against the Saxons.3.The Romans invaded Britain in 43, and the only area they did not subdue therein was Scotland.4.The most important part of the UK in wealth is England.5.Celts were ironworkers, practiced farmers and they drained much of the marshlands and built houses. But they didn't speak Anglo Sanxon English. They have their own language.6.The real Roman conquest of Britain began in 43AD.7.The English are mainly decendants of Anglo-Sanxon.8.Alfred was the national hero during the fighting against Danes.9.English Channel separate Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.10.William was crowned King of England on the Christmas Day of 1066.11.The population of the UK consist of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the Irish.12.William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as William the Conqueror.13.Scotland occupies the northern portion of Great Britain.14.Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.15.Caelic is mainly spoken in Scotland.16.In 14th century, Wales was effectively united with England.Exercise Two（Book1 Unit3）1.In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead”supported Oliver Cromwell, while the “cavalier”supported Charles I.2.Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: The Queen(The Sovereign), the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3.The House of Commons is the source of real political power in the United Kingdom.4.The Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by King John in 1215.5.The spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of the king.6.James l clung to the theory of the “Divine Right of Kings”.7.The Prime Minister of Britain was appointed by Queen.8.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by the Monarch, but ruledby the government.9.The real power of the House of Lords lies in discussing bills.Exercise Three（Book1 Unit4）1.A general election is held normally every 5 years in the 650 consituencies of Brirain.（p50）2.With the help of DECC, the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan was published by the UK goverment.（p56）3.The majority of the working lords in the House of Lords are life peers, who earned their titles through their outstanding achievement.（p58）4.By the House of Commons is a “vote of no confidence” decided.（p50）5.In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast.（p50）6.The Labour Party is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.（p52）7.Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in 1980s, believed Privatization; the keeping of law and order; self-reliance. Except the strengthening of the trade unions.8.Margaret Thatcher carried out the economic policy of privatization to revitalize British economy in the 1980s.9.Political change in England came mainly through gradual reform.Exercise Four（Book1 Unit11）1.As far as the religion is concerned, people in Northern Ireland who are loyal to the British goverment are mainly Protestants, while people in the Republic of Ireland are mainly Catholics.2.Celts' language survived through history and Irish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland.3.Christianity was brought to Ireland by Saint Patrick in the 5th century.4.In 1800, Irish parliament was voted out of existence. The Act of Union was signed, and Ireland was officiallya part of Brirain.5.In 1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by Isac Butt.6.The ancestors of the Irish are the Celts.7.The Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th century.8.Celts bought a legal system-the Brehon law, to the island of Ireland.9.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914.10.The political party, Sinn Fein, was developed by Arthur Griffith.11.Under the Celtic Brehon law, women were given more rights in Ireland than in the British colonial period.Book1 Unit151.The first group of English were brought in Australia as convicts in 1788 by the First Fleet.2.The Dreaming is the oldest religion on Australia.3.Platypus, kangaroo and koala are unique to the Australia continent.4.Australia was essentially unknown in the West until the 17th centry.5.The Dreaming is the most enduring religion in Australia today.（p246）6.The first industries that were developed after the settlement were the sealing industries.7.The original natives of Australia are the Aborigines.8.Under the policy of assimilation, children were taken away from their parents to be placed in church-run institutions and the missionaries on the “protected reserves”.Book1 Unit161.Anglicanism is one of the many forms of Protestantism.（p258）2.Levels of sports in Australia are high particularly in both water sports and team sports.3.Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism are the major forms of non-Christian religions in Australia except Catholicism.4.The most popular sport in Australia is football.Book2Exercise 5（Unit1）1.In the north, a series of large lakes were formed by huge glaciers.（F）（p3）2.Now most of New Zealand's forest has been turned into golf course.（F）（p4）3.In New Zealand, you can see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the nation.（F）（p4）4.Most Maori live on rural areas.（F）（p8）5.Before Europeans came to New Zealand, Maori had had their own written languages and recorded their history in written form.（F）（p10）6.In 1642 the Dutch explorer Thomas Cook made the first confirmed Eiropean discovery of New Zealand.（F）（p10）7.New Zealand's highest peak is Mount Cook in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.（p3）8.New Zealand consists of two main lands: North Island and South Island.（p3）9.The Southern Alps, with Mt Cook in the center, runs almost the whole length of the South Island.（p3）10.Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.（p4）11.Nearly three-quarters of the population (including more than 95% of the Maori) live on the North Island.（p6）12.The first European to visit New Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman.（p10）13.The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown.（p10）14.As the first environmental legislation in the world, the Resource Management Act focuses on the effect of human activities on the environment.（p6）15.Auckland, the country's largest urban area, is located onthe North Island.（p6）16.In 1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was estabilished to address past wrongs and Maori grievances.（p9）Unit31.Christopher Columbus discovered America in the year of 1947.（F）（p33）2.In 1607,Britain planted its firat colony, Jamestown, in what is now Virginia.（T）（p35）3.The second President John Adams completed the Louisiana Purchasr, which more than doubled the size of the United States.（F）（p47）4.Thomas Jefferson, American Democratic Repubilican statesman, 3rd President of US, made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.5.“All men are created equal” is from the document called The Declaration of Independence.（p42）6.The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States and granted the new nation all the territory north of Florida, South of Canada and east of Mississipi river.（p42）7.The principal author of The Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8.The important thing done in the Second Continental Congress was that Washington was appointed commander of the army.（p42）9.13 continental states are there at the time of independence of the United States.（p42）10.The U.S.A. is known as a “Melting Pot” for its mixture of nationalities.（p33）11.John Calvin is the man whose teaching develop intoPuritanism.（p33）Exercise SixUnit41.American president is elected directly by the voters of the nation (all the citizens of the US).2.The practice of judicial review, an important feature of the American legal system is a crucial weapon in the hands of Congress.（F）（p55）3.According to the principle of checks and balances, the president has to share power with the legislative and the judiciary branches.（T）（p55）4.Most of the bills introduced to the Congress can eventually becomes law. （F）（p54）5.The American government has always been playing an unimportant role in the development of American economy.（F）（p57）6.Congress can override the president's veto by a two-thirds vote.7.Like all federal judges, the Supreme Court justices, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.（p54）8.The role of American presidents includes command the armed forces, negotiate and sign treaty and appoint certain personnel except pass law.9.In the United States, a case subject to federal jurisidiction is heard first before a federal district judge, and then appeal may be made to the Federal Court of Appeals, and finally to the Supreme Court.（p55）10.The most important of the US Supreme Court, known as the power of judicial review consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the constitution.11.The Constitution defines distinct powers for the Congress of the United States, the president, and the federal courts. This division of authority is known as a system of checks and balances, and it ensures that none of the branches of government can dominate the others.Unit81.According to US laws, American children must go to school until they are at least 16 years old.（p119）2.American public schools are supported by taxes and controlled by the federal government.（F）（p119）3.Religious doctrines can be taught in American public schools.（F）（p119）4.Harvard University was founded in 1636.（p121）5.Junior college in America is two-year college.（p123）Exercise seven（unit14）I. True or False1. The most dramatic crisis of the Cold War was the Cuban Crisis.T2. In the aftermath of September 11 terrorist attack, President Bush ordered the invasion ofIraq in 2001, and then Afghanistan in 2003.F（p225）3. The credibility of the Bush administration was significantly improved when the Saddamregime was found possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD).F（p226）4. Mr. Barack Obama is the first Hispanic American president ever elected in the UShistory.F5. Most significantly, Obama visited Turkey and Iran to show that the US wanted to improveits relations with the Muslim world.F（p227）II. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following did NOT take place in the Nixon administration?CA. Vietnamization.B. Cuban Missile Crisis.C. Watergate Scandal.D. Re-establishing US relations with China.2. The formal diplomatic relation between China and the US was established under President________.AA. NixonB. BushC. CarterD. Reagan3. Who is the founding leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, wildly known as theculprit behind the terrorist attacks on the United States?CA. Adolf Hitler.B. Saddam Hussein.C. Bin Laden.D. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.4. Which of the following US administrations launched the first Gulf War?A. The Clinton administration.B. The Bush (Jr.) administration.C. The Obama administration.D. The Bush (Sr.) administration.5. The two Germanys, which had been separated since the end of Word WII, were reunited in____A____.A. 1990B. 1991C. 1989D. 19996. In which of the following year did September 11 Attacks happen in the United States andkill more than 3,000 people?BA. 2000.B. 2001.C. 2002.D. 2003.7. Who was supported by Obama as the Secretary of Energy in July 2009?CA. Gary F. Locke.B. Maya Lin.C. Stephen ChuD. Elaine Chao.8. Where did President Obama make his historical speech whereby he announced a majorchange in US policy towards the Muslim world?DA. Damascus, Lebanon.B. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.C. Ankara, Turkey.D. Cairo Egypt.III. Blank Filling1. The Cold War ended after the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, leaving the UnitedStates as the dominant military power.2. Unilateralism, faith in military strength, regime changeformed the core elements of BushDoctrine.3. By the end of his first year in office, views on Obama’s foreign policy record provedmore positive than negative.IV. MatchingMatch the US president with the event that took place in his presidency.Exercise EightI. True or False(Unit 17)1. The Group of Severn refers to a group of painters in the 1900s.F2. Quebec is the largest province in area and population.F3. The first major waves of immigration happened in the first half of the 20th century.G(Unit 18)4. Governor Generals represent the Queen of England in Canada and usually serve for oneterm of seven years.F5. British and French political traditions have an important influence on the formation of theCanadian political system.F6. The Senate is also an elected body of men and women, representing four main regions inCanada.F7. In Canada, local governments are subordinate to the provincial governments, andprovincial governments are subordinate to the federal government.F(Unit 19)8. The Métis played an important role in fur trade between the First people and theEuropeans.T9. The major economic activity during colonial times was the fur trade.F10. In Canada, immigration remains an explosive political issue.TII. Blank Filling(Unit 17)1. Most of the inhabitants in the North of Canada are Aboriginal peoples.2. The western-most province is British Columbia, which has three major mountain rangesrunning through it, among which the largest one is the Rockies.3. Lake Louise, located in the Rockies, is probably the most famous image of the Canadianlandscape.4. The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.5. The prairies are called Canada's breadbasket because the terrain is well-suited to farming.6. Ontario and Quebec are the most densely populated provinces. Over half of Canada'spopulation live in the two provinces.7. Newfoundland was the last province to join Canada in 1949.(Unit 18)8. Canada’s politica l system reflects the two major foreign forces on the historicaldevelopment of the country: Britain and the United States.9. Canada's system of government was based on the British system of parliamentarydemocracy. This is often referred to as “West-minster-style” democracy.10.Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a British system ofgovernment.11. The Canadian parliament is divided into a lower house, the House of Commons, and anupper house called the Senate.(Unit 19)12. The Inuit used to be called the non-Indian peoples.13. Canada’s aboriginal peoples were forced to live on reserves.14. During the 1930s, the period of the Great Depression, Canada’s immigration market wasopen only to Britons and Americans.15. In more recent years, the federal government encouraged Asian immigration, offeringpassports to those with capital and / or entrepreneurial skills, by passing the Immigration Act of 1976.16. Because of the racist, overtones and the purely economic concerns in its immigrationpolicies, Canada looks hardheaded rather than humanitarian.III. Multiple Choice(Unit 17)1. ________ is the capital of Canada.CA. VancouverB. TorontoC. OttawaD. Montreal2. Canada ranks ________ in land area in the world.AA. secondB. firstC. thirdD. fourth3. ________ are the two official languages in Canada.BA. French and IndianB. English and FrenchC. English and ItalianD. Italian and French4. Almost half land area of Canada is covered by ________.AA. forestsB. desertsC. swampsD. bogs5. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in ________.CA. New BrunswickB. OntarioC. QuebecD. Nova Scotia(Unit 18)6. In Canada the Head of State is ________.AA. the prime ministerB. the governor-generalC. Queen Elizabeth IID. the leader of the majority party7. The parliament of Canada is made up of all the following except ________.AA. the CrownB. the SenateC. the House of CommonsD. the National Assembly(Unit 19)8. Indigenous peoples make up about 4% of the Canadian people. They are ________.BA. Indians and AfricansB. Aborigines and IndiansC. Eskimos and AboriginesD. American Indians and Inuit9. Immigrants from central and eastern Europe were encouraged to settle the prairies anddevelop the ________.BA. agricultureB. mining industryC. forestryD. fishing industry10. After World War II, Canada opened its doors again to immigrants from aboard, butrestriction on ________ persisted.DA. BritonB. AmericansC. Northern EuropeansD. Asians11. The city of ________ is home to the second largest Chinese community in NorthAmerica.BA. OttawaB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal（2014141418整理）。

1. Between 1870 and 1 890 the total population of tile United States---.(A) that doubled(B) doubled(C) It doubled(D) when doubled2. Intended to display the work of twentieth-century artists, in 1929.(A) the opening of the Museum of Modern Art(B) so the Museum of Modern Art opened(C) why tile Museum of Modern Art opened(D) the Museum of Modern Art opened3. The Earth has a tremendous amount of water, but--- in the ocean.(A) almost all of it is(B) it is almost all of(C) is of it almost all(D) all is of it almost4. --- have sense organs in a canal known as the lateral line, which allows them to respond to changes in water pressure caused by nearby motion.(A) That tile fish(B) Fish(C) When fish(D) If tile fish5. Direct information on the chemical composition of the Moon became available in 1969 --- of the first Apollo mission to land on the Moon.(A) with tile return(B) returning(C) when returned(D) and the return6. --- completely harmless to the environment is very difficult and usually economically unsound.(A) Cleaning products that(B) Cleaning products are(C) Cleaning products are made(D) Making a cleaning product7. One of Ulysses S. Grant's first acts as President of the United States was to name tile Seneca chief Donehogawa --- of Indian Affairs.(A) as was Commissioner(B) Commissioner(C) was Commissioner(D) him Commissioner8. One of the most ancient arts,--- in different parts of the world.(A) for weaving to develop independently(B) the independent development of weaving(C) weaving, to develop independently(D) weaving developed independently9. --- classified as a carnivore, the North American grizzly bear cats berries and even grass.(A) Just as(B) Because of(C) Although(D) Either10. Not only --- much bigger than any planet, but unlike the planets, it consists completely of gaseous material.(A) the Sun is(B) the Sun, which is(C) is the Sun(D) that the Sun11. Colloquialisms,---of informal spoken language, are often considered inappropriate for more formal written language.(A) expression which are characteristic(B) which characteristic expressions(C) are expressions characteristic(D) expressions can be characteristic12. Her work in genetics won United States scientist Barbara McClintock ----- in 1983.(A) was the Nobel Prize(B) the Nobel Prize was(C) the Nobel Prize(D) for the Nobel Prize13. --- usually thought to end in northern New Mexico, the Rocky Mountains really extendsouthward to the frontier of Mexico.(A) Despite(B) To be(C) While(D) However14. The novelist Edith Wharton considered the Writer Henry James(A) that a strong influence on her work(B) as strong influence on her work(C) a strong influence on her work(D) was a strong influence on her work15. Ironically, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow claimed he never liked teaching, although a professor at Harvard University and taught for many years.(A) becoming(B) he became(C) had lie become(D) for him to become16. The hind leg(A) of the gerbil are particularly(B) well adaptedto(C) leaping across(D) its desert habitat.17. Educator(A) Helen Magill White was the first(B) American woman to have earn(C) the degree(D).18. The changes that occur(A) in the life cycle(B) of a butterfly or moth are probable(C) the most striking examples(D) of metamorphosis.19. In the nineteenth century, North American locomotives ran(A) on hardwood fuel(B),Which was inexpensive(D) and plentiful in the time.20. Much(A) theories have been(B) developed concerning how(C) people learn about cultures from the myths and legends passed down from one generation to another(D).21. Several comet(A) are discovered each year, but very few of them(B) are bright(C) enough to be seen(D) without the aid or magnification.22. Charles Monroe Schulz's comic(A) strip "Peanuts" is translatedinto(B) 26 languages also(C) has appeared in over 2,300 daily(D) newspapers.23. In human beings the liver is(A) the biggest(B) glandular organ(C) of his(D) digestive system.24. Many scientists(A) contributed to(B) the development of(C) television, whether(D) no one person can be said to have invented it.25. Northern Canada contains(A) vast areas treeless(B) of low(C) vegetation known(D) as tundra.26. Gordon Parks composed wrote(A), and directed Martin, the(B) classical ballet who(C)Examines the meaning of the life of(D) Martin Luther King. Jr.27. In 1965 Rodolfo Gonzales has estab1ished(A) an organization(B) called(C) the Crusade For Justice in(D) Denver, Colorado.28. Large, heavy(A) draft horses were commonly(B) used for laborfarm(C) in the United States before the(D) introduction of tractors.of migrating caribou, members(A) of the deer family arc animportant(B) economically(C) resource to Inuits and other Native Americans.30. Some(A) nineteenth-century advocates(B) for the emancipation of women in the United States were also activity(C) in the Underground Railroad, helping(D) slaves to escape.31. Feathers not only(A) protect birds from injury and conserve(B) body heat but also function in flight(C). courtship, camouflage, and sensory perceptive(D).32. The radio telescope, invented(A) in 1932, has capabilities(B) beyond far(C) those ofoptical telescopes in tracking(D) signals from galaxies.33. Rafting was an(A) essential mean(B) of transportation(C) from prehistoric times(D) to thenineteenth century.34. Many fortification(A) rank among the most(B) functional and beautiful works of(C)architecture constructed(D) in North America before the twentiethcentury.35. Because(A) her work was popular with(B) European royally, Harriet Goodhue Hosmer became financial(C) successful as a sculptor in the(D) mid-eighteen hundreds.36. The actor(A) James Earl Jones gained(B) Broadway stardom in "The Great Whitehope" for his powerful(C) portrayal of prizefighter(D).37. Despite(A) fats and oils arc nutritionally(B) important as(C) energy sources, medical research indicates(D) that saturated fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.38. Large multicolored insects with(A) four wings, dragonflies play(B)a very important role in the ecosystem of humid area(C) bycontrolling(D) the population of mosquitoes.39. During(A) early nineteenth-century Boston. the architect(B) Charles Bulfinch, eager to make the city beautiful, sometimesprovided(C) free plans for people building homes(D).40. In 1889 Jane Addams, a social worker in Chicago, founded hull house, an institution(A) devoted(B) to the improvement(C) of community life in poor neighborhood(D).CQuestion 1-9Although social changes in the United States were being wrought throughout most of the nineteenth-century,, public awareness of the changes increased to new levels in the 1890's. The acute, growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century, including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers. These developments, in addition to the continued growth of cities, were significant factors in the transformation of society from one characterized by relativelyisolated self-contained communities into an urban, industrial nation. The decade of the 1870's, for example, was a period in which thesheer number of newspapers doubled, and by 1880 the New York Graphic had published the first photographic reproduction in a newspaper, portending a dramatic rise in newspaper readership. Between 1882 and 1886 alone, the price of daily newspapers dropped from four cents a copy to one cent, made possible in part by a great increase in demand. Further more, the introduction in 1890 of the first successfullinotype machine promised even further growth. In 1872 only two daily newspapers could claim a circulation of over 100,000,but by 1892seven more newspapers exceeded that figure. A world beyond the immediate community was rapidly becoming visible.But it was not newspapers alone that were bringing the new awarenessto people In the United States in the late nineteenth century. Magazines as they are known today began publication around 1882, and, in fact, the circulation of weekly magazines exceeded that of newspapers in the period which followed. By 1892, for example, the circulation of the Ladies' Home Journal had reached an astounding 700,000. An increase in book readership also played a significantpart in this general trend. For example, Edward Bellamy's utopian novel, Looking Backward, sold over a million copies in 1888, giving rise to the growth of organizations dedicated to the realization of Bellamy's vision of the future. The printed word, unquestionably. was intruding on the insulation that had characterized United Slates society in an earlier period.1. The word "acute" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) useful(B) intense(C) genuine(D)controversial2. According to the passage, the expansion of popular journalism was linked to(A) changes in the distribution system(B) a larger supply of paper(C) an increase in people's awareness of social changes(D) greater numbers of journaliststo the passage , the New York Graphic's inclusion of photographs contributed to(A) the closing of newspapers that did not use photographs(B) newspapers becoming more expensive(C) an increase in the number of people reading newspapers(D) a reduction in the cost of advertising4. Why was there a drop in the price of daily newspapers between 1882 and 1886 ?(A) There was a rise in demand.(B) Newspapers had fewer pages.(C) Newspapers contained photographic reproductions.(D) Magazines began to compete with newspapers.word "exceeded" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) controlled(B) surpassed(C) affected(D) equaled6. What does the author mean by the statement " A world beyond the immediate community was rapidly becoming visible" in lilies 16-11 ?(A) Photographs made newspapers more interesting.(B) The United Slates exported newspapers to other countries.(C) People were becoming increasingly aware of national andinternational issues.(D) Communities remained isolated despite the growth of popular journalism7. The word " that" in line 21 refers to(A) century(B) publication(C) circulation(D) period8. The word "astounding" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) surprising(B) estimated(C) encouraging(D) sudden9. Why does the author mention Edward Bellamy's novel Looking Backward?(A) To illustrate how advanced the technology of printing had become(B) To emphasize the influence of the printed word on a society undergoing rapid change(C) To document its prediction about the popularity of newspapers(D) To demonstrate that hooks had replaced newspapers and magazinesas the leading source of informationQuestion 10-19Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused , durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms – as table ware, containers, in architecture and design – glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 , glass lias been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated , the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast arrayof shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed inthis way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystallinestructure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses Induced by uneven cooling.Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or "freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stageof malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retainsthe shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.10. Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in lines 1-5?(A) To demonstrate how glass evolved(B) To show the。