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角色作用职能英语作文Title: Roles and Functions of Characters in English Composition。
In any narrative, each character serves a specific role and function within the storyline. These roles areessential for driving the plot forward, creating conflict, and engaging the audience. Let's explore the various roles characters can play and their functions in English composition.1. Protagonist: The protagonist is the central character of the story, often the hero or heroine. They drive the narrative forward and typically undergo some form of transformation or growth throughout the story. Their primary function is to engage the audience and elicit empathy or support.2. Antagonist: The antagonist opposes the protagonist, creating conflict and obstacles for them to overcome. Theymay have conflicting goals or values, serving as a foil to the protagonist. The antagonist's function is to challenge the protagonist and drive the conflict, ultimately leading to the resolution of the story.3. Supporting Characters: Supporting characters provide depth and complexity to the narrative. They may offer guidance, friendship, or opposition to the protagonist, influencing their decisions and actions. These characters help to flesh out the world of the story and contribute to its realism.4. Foil Characters: Foil characters contrast with the protagonist, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, or differences. By juxtaposing these characters, the author can underscore important themes or character traits. Foils serve to enhance the audience's understanding of the protagonist and contribute to character development.5. Comic Relief Characters: Comic relief characters provide humor and levity within the story. Their functionis to break tension, lighten the mood, and provide amomentary reprieve from the main plot. While their role may seem secondary, comic relief characters play an important part in maintaining the audience's interest and engagement.6. Symbolic Characters: Symbolic characters represent abstract ideas, themes, or concepts within the story. They may not have a direct impact on the plot but serve a symbolic function, conveying deeper meaning or commentary. Symbolic characters add layers of complexity to the narrative and invite readers to interpret their significance.7. Dynamic vs. Static Characters: Dynamic characters undergo significant change or growth over the course of the story, while static characters remain relatively unchanged. Both types of characters serve important functions: dynamic characters drive character-driven narratives, while static characters provide stability and contrast.8. Round vs. Flat Characters: Round characters are complex and multi-dimensional, exhibiting a range of traits and motivations. In contrast, flat characters are more one-dimensional, defined by a single trait or characteristic. Round characters are crucial for creating depth and realism, while flat characters may serve specific narrative purposes or archetypal roles.In conclusion, the roles and functions of characters in English composition are diverse and essential for crafting compelling narratives. Each character contributes uniquelyto the storyline, whether by driving the plot forward, creating conflict, or providing depth and complexity. By understanding these roles, writers can effectively develop their characters and engage their audience in meaningful storytelling.。
The Analysis of Financial Markets Financial markets are one of the most crucial aspects of the global economy, as they provide a platform for investors to buy and sell securities, currencies, and commodities. The analysis of financial markets is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of economic and financial concepts, as well as a comprehensive knowledge of the global economic landscape. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of financial markets, the different types of financial markets, the factors that influence financial markets, and the tools used to analyze financial markets. The importance of financial markets cannot be overstated, as they play a critical role in the allocation of capital and the pricing of assets. Financial markets enable businesses and governments to raise capital by issuing securities, such as stocks and bonds, which are then bought by investors. This capital can be used to fund new projects, expand operations, or pay off debts. Financial markets also provide a platform for individuals and institutions to invest their savings, earn returns, and build wealth over time. In addition, financial markets facilitate the transfer of risk from those who are not willing to bear it to those who are willing to do so. There are several types of financial markets, each with its unique characteristics and functions. The stock market is perhaps the most well-known financial market, where companies issue shares that can be bought and sold by investors. The bond market is another important financial market, where governments and corporations issue bonds to raise capital. The foreign exchange market is a global market where currencies are bought and sold. The commodities market is where raw materials such as gold, oil, and wheat are traded. Finally, the derivatives market is where financial instruments such as options and futures are traded. Several factors influence financial markets, including economic indicators, geopolitical events, and market sentiment. Economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation, and unemployment rates can have a significant impact on financial markets. For example, if the GDP growth rate is high, investors may be more optimistic about the future prospects of the economy and may be more willing to invest in the stock market. On the other hand, if the unemployment rate is high, investors may be more cautious and may prefer to invest in safer assets such as bonds. Geopolitical events such as wars,natural disasters, and political instability can also affect financial markets.For instance, if there is a war in the Middle East, the price of oil may increase, which could have a ripple effect on the global economy. Finally, market sentiment, which refers to the overall mood of investors, can influence financial markets. If investors are optimistic, they may be more willing to take risks and invest in riskier assets such as stocks. Conversely, if investors are pessimistic, they may prefer to invest in safer assets such as bonds. To analyze financial markets, analysts use a variety of tools such as technical analysis, fundamental analysis, and quantitative analysis. Technical analysis involves studying charts and graphs to identify patterns and trends in the market. This type of analysis is based on the belief that past market behavior can predict future market behavior. Fundamental analysis, on the other hand, involves analyzing economic and financial data to determine the intrinsic value of a security. This type of analysis is based on the belief that the market is not always efficient and that there may be opportunities to buy undervalued securities. Finally, quantitative analysis involves using mathematical models and statistical techniques to analyze financial data. This type of analysis is often used by institutional investors such as hedge funds and pension funds. In conclusion, the analysis of financial markets is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of economic and financial concepts, as well as a comprehensive knowledge of the global economic landscape. Financial markets are essential to the functioning of the global economy, as they provide a platform for investors to buy and sell securities, currencies, and commodities. There are several types of financial markets, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Several factors influence financial markets, including economic indicators, geopolitical events, and market sentiment. Finally, analysts use a variety of tools such as technical analysis, fundamental analysis, andquantitative analysis to analyze financial markets.。
完善的财务制度英文I. IntroductionA well-established financial system is crucial for the success of any organization. A robust financial system helps in the efficient management of resources, tracking of financial transactions, and ensuring compliance with laws and regulations. This document outlines the key components of our organization's financial system, the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, and the procedures and policies that govern financial operations.II. Organizational StructureOur organization's financial system is overseen by the finance department, which is headed by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). The finance department is divided into several sub-departments, each responsible for specific financial functions such as accounting, budgeting, financial planning, and risk management. The CFO reports directly to the CEO and is responsible for overseeing all financial operations and providing strategic financial guidance to the executive team.III. Budgeting and Financial PlanningA key component of our financial system is the annual budgeting process. The CFO, in collaboration with department heads, prepares a detailed budget that outlines the organization's revenue and expenses for the upcoming fiscal year. The budget is reviewed and approved by the board of directors before being implemented. Throughout the year, the finance department monitors actual financial performance against budgeted targets and provides regular updates to the board and management team.IV. Accounting and Financial ReportingThe accounting department is responsible for recording all financial transactions, preparing financial statements, and ensuring compliance with accounting standards and regulations. The department is headed by the Chief Accountant, who oversees a team of accountants and bookkeepers. The accounting department maintains accurate and up-to-date financial records, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. Financial reports are generated on a monthly, quarterly, and annual basis and are distributed to the board, management team, and other stakeholders.V. Internal Controls and Risk ManagementTo safeguard the organization's assets and ensure the integrity of financial operations, the finance department implements robust internal controls and risk management processes. These include segregation of duties, regular audits, and compliance checks. The risk management team identifies and addresses potential financial risks, such as fraud, market fluctuations, and regulatory changes. The CFO works closely with the risk managementteam to develop strategies to mitigate risks and safeguard the organization's financial health.VI. Procurement and Vendor ManagementThe finance department is responsible for managing the organization's procurement process and vendor relationships. All purchases and contracts must adhere to established procurement policies and procedures. The finance department conducts regular vendor reviews to assess performance, ensure compliance with contract terms, and identify opportunities for cost savings. Vendor payments are processed in a timely manner, and the finance department maintains accurate records of all procurement activities.VII. Compliance and Regulatory ReportingCompliance with laws and regulations is a top priority for our organization. The finance department ensures that all financial operations are conducted in accordance with applicable laws, accounting standards, and regulatory requirements. The CFO stays abreast of changes in regulations and ensures that the organization remains in compliance. Regulatory reports, such as tax filings and financial disclosures, are prepared and submitted in a timely manner to regulatory authorities.VIII. Training and DevelopmentTo ensure the success of our financial system, the finance department invests in training and development programs for staff members. Training sessions are conducted on financial policies and procedures, accounting standards, and emerging trends in finance. The finance team is encouraged to pursue professional certifications and undergo continuous education to enhance their skills and knowledge.IX. Technology and AutomationOur organization leverages technology and automation to streamline financial processes and enhance efficiency. The finance department uses accounting software to record transactions, generate reports, and track financial performance. Automated workflows and approval processes are implemented to reduce manual errors and ensure compliance with internal controls. The CFO explores opportunities to integrate new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, to further enhance the organization's financial system.X. ConclusionA well-functioning financial system is the backbone of any successful organization. Our organization's financial system is designed to promote transparency, accountability, and efficiency in financial operations. By implementing robust policies and procedures, investing in training and development, and leveraging technology, we are able to effectively manage resources, mitigate risks, and achieve our financial goals. The finance department plays a critical role in ensuring the organization's financial health and sustainability. With a strong financial system in place, our organization is well-positioned for long-term success.。
主题商店的功能和作用英语作文Alright, here's an essay on the functions and roles of a theme store in English, following the given instructions:Let's dive straight into the world of theme stores! You know, those magical places where you can find all sorts of themes for your phone, tablet, or even your computer's desktop.First up, a theme store is like a one-stop shop for customizing your devices. Whether you're looking for a nature-inspired theme or something futuristic, you'll find it all here. The variety is endless, and it's just so easy to switch between themes whenever you feel like it.And then, there's the personalization aspect. A theme store lets you express yourself through your devices. Your choice of theme says a lot about who you are and what you like. It's like dressing up your phone or computer in a way that reflects your style.But it's not just about looks. Some themes come with extra features and functions too. Like, maybe you want a theme that includes a built-in weather widget or a calendar shortcut. A theme store has all sorts of options, so you can find the perfect one that suits your needs.And last but not least, a theme store is a community hub. You can see what other people are using and get inspiration for new themes. It's a great way to discover new trends and stay up-to-date with the latest and greatest in the world of customization.So in a nutshell.。
机器人的功能和作用英语翻译Robots have become an integral part of our daily lives, and their functionality and utility are increasingly being recognized in various fields. This document explores the functions and roles of robots in different aspects of society.Industrial ApplicationsOne of the primary functions of robots is in industrial applications. Robots are used in manufacturing processes to perform tasks that are repetitive, dangerous, or require high precision. They can work continuously without fatigue and help improve efficiency and productivity in industries such as automotive, electronics, and food processing.Medical FieldIn the medical field, robots play a crucial role in assisting surgeons during complex procedures. Surgical robots can perform minimally invasive surgeries with greater precision, reducing the risk of complications and shortening recovery times. Robots are also used in rehabilitation therapy to assist patients in regaining mobility and strength.Household ChoresRobots are increasingly being used to perform household chores such as vacuuming, mopping, and lawn mowing. These robots help save time and effort for homeowners and provide convenience in managing daily tasks. Smart home devices integrated with robotic technology can automate various functions within the household.Exploration and ResearchRobots are extensively used in exploration and research activities in various environments that are hazardous or inaccessible to humans. For instance, robots are deployed in space exploration missions to gather data on distant planets and moons. They are also used in ocean exploration to study underwater ecosystems and map the seafloor.Customer ServiceRobots are being deployed in customer service roles in sectors such as hospitality, retail, and healthcare. They can interact with customers, provide information, and assist with basic inquiries. This automated service helps in reducing wait times and improving customer satisfaction.ConclusionIn conclusion, robots have a wide range of functions and applications across different sectors, enhancing efficiency, safety, and productivity. As technology continues to advance, the capabilities of robots are expected to grow, making them indispensable in various aspects of society. The future holds exciting possibilities for the role of robots in shaping the world we live in.。
1) Time should be considered a(n) ________ resource.A) abundantB) diminishingC) limitedD) renewableAnswer: CDiff: 2AACSB: Analytical thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept2) In today's workplace, ________.A) women are more likely than men to be promoted into managementB) many employees perform work that in the past was considered managerial activitiesC) women tend to be more effective supervisors than menD) most organizations have eliminated the title of managerAnswer: BDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept3) An individual who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals is ________.A) an assembly line workerB) a laborerC) a managerD) a salespersonAnswer: CDiff: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking4) The organizational chart shows titles such as front-line manager, plant manager, and vice president of operations. It is very likely this organization has a ________.A) traditional committee structureB) traditional pyramid structureC) modern matrix structureD) flexible structureAnswer: BDiff: 2AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Application5) First-line managers are typically those who ________.A) perform the same work as the people they manage but earn more moneyB) are typically involved with producing the organization's products or providing its serviceC) are at the top of the organizational chartD) are the first persons new hires meetAnswer: BDiff: 2AACSB: Application of knowledge6) Supervisor is another name for ________.A) team leaderB) middle managerC) first-line managerD) top managerAnswer: CDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept7) Kelly, a production supervisor, is responsible for ten employees who assemble components into a finished product. Kelly is a ________.A) top managerB) nonmanagerial employeeC) middle managerD) first-line managerAnswer: DDiff: 1AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledge8) ________ are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization.A) Middle managersB) Top managersC) Production managersD) Research managersAnswer: B9) ________ have titles such as executive vice president, chief operating officer, and chief executive officer.A) SupervisorsB) Middle managersC) First-line managersD) Top managersAnswer: D10) Blue Fin and ChrisCraft, two boat manufacturers, have merged. Top managers now must decide how the work will be divided and who will do what work. Such an arrangement makes up a(n) ________.A) strategic partnershipB) coalitionC) organizationD) affinity groupAnswer: CDiff: 2AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Application11) A manager must coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept12) Middle managers are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept13) Mark is vice president of finance. At his level of management, he is more likely to use the role of ________ than ________.A) leader; disseminatorB) spokesperson; negotiatorC) figurehead; liaisonD) disseminator; leaderAnswer: D14) Connie has an idea for a new product she would like to produce and market. Mintzberg would consider the activities necessary to form and launch her company to be part of the ________ role.A) planningB) resource allocatorC) negotiatorD) entrepreneurAnswer: DDiff: 3AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Application15) Technical skills include ________.A) experience gained by experiments that are used in performing managerial tasksB) job specific knowledge needed to proficiently perform work tasksC) the ability to work well with individuals and groupsD) skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situationsAnswer: B16) When Paul manages the employees who produce the product, he is utilizing his ________.A) conceptual skillsB) disseminator skillsC) technical skillsD) interpersonal skillsAnswer: CDiff: 317) ________ skills involve the ability to work well with other people, both individually and in a group.A) TechnicalB) AssessmentC) PlanningD) InterpersonalAnswer: DDiff: 1AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Concept18) When Sam Walton visited his Walmart stores, he would often lead the employees in cheers and give inspiring speeches. Sam knew the importance of ________ skills.A) decisionalB) technicalC) interpersonalD) conceptualAnswer: CDiff: 3AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Application19) Effectiveness refers to getting the most output from the least amount of input. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Concept20) The four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, commanding, and controlling.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Concept。
应届生招聘培训计划英文IntroductionThe recruitment and training of fresh graduates is a crucial part of any organization's success. By hiring and nurturing young talent, companies can ensure a steady supply of skilled employees who can contribute to the growth and prosperity of the organization. This document outlines a comprehensive plan for the recruitment and training of fresh graduates, with the goal of developing them into competent and productive members of the workforce.Recruitment StrategyThe first step in the graduate recruitment and training program is to attract and select the best candidates from the pool of fresh graduates. To achieve this, the company will employ a variety of strategies, including campus recruitment drives, online job postings, and partnerships with universities and colleges. These efforts will be targeted towards attracting graduates with the right mix of skills, qualifications, and potential for growth. The selection process will be rigorous, with multiple rounds of interviews, tests, and assessments, to ensure that only the most suitable candidates are chosen.Onboarding ProcessOnce the candidates have been selected, they will go through an onboarding process to introduce them to the company's culture, values, and policies. The onboarding program will also include an orientation to the company's structure, functions, and operations, as well as an overview of the specific roles and responsibilities of the candidates' new positions. The onboarding process will be designed to make the graduates feel welcome and comfortable in their new environment, and to give them the tools and information they need to start their careers on the right foot.Training and DevelopmentThe next phase of the program is the training and development of the fresh graduates. This will involve a combination of classroom-based learning, on-the-job training, and mentorship. The training program will cover a wide range of topics, including technical skills, soft skills, industry knowledge, and professional development. The goal is to equip the graduates with the knowledge and abilities they need to perform their jobs effectively and to continue growing and advancing in their careers.Performance ManagementThroughout the program, the performance of the fresh graduates will be closely monitored and evaluated. This will be done through regular feedback sessions, performance reviews, and assessments. The aim is to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement, and to provide the graduates with the support and guidance they need to excel in their roles.This ongoing performance management process is essential for ensuring that the graduates are meeting their targets and making progress in their development.Career Planning and ProgressionAnother important aspect of the program is to help the fresh graduates plan and pursue their long-term careers within the company. This will involve regular discussions about their career aspirations, interests, and goals, and the identification of opportunities for professional growth and advancement. The company will also provide support and resources to help the graduates develop and achieve their career plans, whether that involves additional training, mentorship, or exposure to different roles and projects.Mentorship and SupportMentorship will be a key component of the program, with each graduate being assigned a senior employee who will serve as their mentor. The mentor will provide guidance, advice, and support to the graduate, helping them navigate the challenges of their new roles and develop the skills and confidence they need to succeed. In addition to mentorship, the company will also provide other forms of support, such as access to resources, networking opportunities, and a supportive work environment.Benefits and IncentivesTo attract and retain the best fresh graduates, the company will offer a range of benefits and incentives, including competitive salaries, performance bonuses, professional development opportunities, and a positive work-life balance. These benefits and incentives are designed to motivate the graduates, reward their achievements, and demonstrate the company's commitment to their success and well-being.ConclusionThe graduate recruitment and training program outlined in this document is designed to attract, develop, and retain talented fresh graduates, with the goal of building a skilled and motivated workforce for the company's future. By investing in the recruitment and training of young talent, the company can ensure a pipeline of skilled employees who are ready to contribute to its success and growth.。
习题及答案Chapter 01 Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage Answer KeyTrue / False Questions1. (p. 5) Companies have historically looked at HRM as a means to contribute to profitability, quality, and other business goals through enhancing and supporting business operations.FALSE2. (p. 5) The human resource department is most likely to collaborate with other company functions on outplacement, labor law compliance, testing, and unemployment compensation.FALSE3. (p. 6) The three product lines of HR include a) administrative services and transactions, B) financial services, and c) strategic partners.FALSE4. (p. 9) The amount of time that the HRM function devotes to administrative tasks is decreasing, and its roles as a strategic business partner, change agent, and employee advocate are increasing. TRUE5. (p. 9) Advances in technology have allowed HR services to be offered more on a self-service basis than in the past.TRUE6. (p. 9) HR functions related to areas such as employee development, performance management, and organizational development are outsourced most frequently.FALSE7. (p. 11) Evidence-based HR provides managers with data to make decisions, instead of just relying on intuition.TRUE8. (p. 14) Stakeholders of a company are shareholders, the community, customers, employees, and all of the other parties that have an interest in seeing that the company succeeds.TRUE9. (p. 19) Companies are now more and more interested in using intangible assets and human capital as a way to gain an advantage over competitors.TRUE10. (p. 22) A learning organization places the highest emphasis on completion of formal employment training.FALSE11. (p. 22) The psychological contract describes what an employee expects to contribute and what the company will provide to the employee in return for these contributions.TRUE12. (p. 25) The use of alternative work arrangements, which include independent contractors, on-call workers, temporary workers, and contract company workers, is shrinking.FALSE13. (p. 27) To be effective, balanced scorecards must be customized by companies to fit different market situations, products, and competitive environments.TRUE14. (p. 27) The balanced scorecard should not be used to link the company's human resource management activities to the company's business strategy.FALSE15. (p. 30) Corporate cultures within companies that successfully implement TQM typically emphasize individualism, hierarchy, accountability, and profits.FALSE16. (p. 31) ISO 9000 certification is an integral component of W. Edwards Deming's quality control process.FALSE17. (p. 34) The skills and motivation of a company's internal labor force determine the need for training and development practices and the effectiveness of the company's compensation and reward systems.TRUE18. (p. 37) Because the workforce is predicted to become more uniform in terms of age, ethnicity, and racial background, it is likely that one set of values will characterize all employees.FALSE19. (p. 39) Cultural diversity can provide a company competitive advantage regarding problem-solving. TRUE20. (p. 42) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 sets strict rules for corporate behavior and sets heavy fines and prison terms for noncompliance.TRUE21. (p. 43) Every business must be prepared to deal with the global economy.TRUE22. (p. 48) One of the disadvantages of technology is that it does not allow older workers to postpone retirement.FALSE23. (p. 51) E-HRM is more applicable to practices associated with recruiting and training than those associated with analysis and design work, selection, and compensation and benefits.FALSE24. (p. 54) An HR dashboard is a series of indicators that managers and employees have access to on the company intranet or human resource information system.TRUE25. (p. 58) Compensating human resources involves measuring employees' performance.FALSEMultiple Choice Questions26. (p. 4) _____ refers to a company's ability to maintain and gain market share in its industry.A. OutsourcingB. CompetitivenessC. Self-serviceD. Empowerment27. (p. 4) _____ refers to the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees' behavior, attitudes, and performance.A. Total quality managementB. Financial managementC. Human resource managementD. Production and operations management28. (p. 5) Strategic HR management includes all but one of the following. Name the exception.A. Financial planningB. Training and developmentC. Performance managementD. Recruiting talent29. (p. 6) Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of HR departments?A. RecruitingB. BenefitsC. Community relationsD. Production and operations30. (p. 6) Which of the following is NOT a product line of human resources?A. Administrative services and transactionsB. Strategic partnerC. Human capital partnerD. Business partner services31. (p. 8) Which of the following best describes a cultural steward?A. Shapes the organization.B. Delivers results with integrity.C. Facilitates change.D. Recognizes business trends and their impact on the business.32. (p. 8) A strategic architect is one who:A. facilitates change.B. recognizes business trends and their impact on the business.C. implements workplace policies conducive to work environment.D. develops talent and designs reward systems.33. (p. 9) Giving employees online access to information about HR issues such as training, benefits, and compensation is known as:A. outsourcing.B. continuous learning.C. self-service.D. strategic planning.34. (p. 9) The practice of having another company (a vendor, third-party provider, consultant) provide services traditionally associated with the administrative role of HR is known as:A. e-commerce.B. empowering.C. outsourcing.D. benchmarking.35. (p. 10) Traditionally, the HRM department was primarily a(n):A. proactive agency.B. finance expert.C. employer advocate.D. administrative expert.36. (p. 11) Which of the following statements about evidence-based HR is FALSE?A. It helps show that the money invested in HR programs is justified and that HR is contributing to the company's goals and objectives.B. It emphasizes that HR is being transformed from a broad corporate competency to a specialized, stand-alone function in which human resources and line managers build partnerships to gain competitive advantage.C. It requires collecting data on such metrics as productivity, turnover, accidents, employee attitudes and medical costs and showing their relationship with HR practices.D. It refers to demonstrating that human resources practices have a positive influence on the company's bottom line or key stakeholders.37. (p. 12-13) Which one of the following statements about the HR profession is FALSE?A. A college degree is required of HR specialists, but not of generalists.B. Generalists usually perform the full range of HRM activities, including recruiting, training, compensation, and employee relations.C. Professional certification in HRM is less common than membership in professional associations.D. The primary professional organization for HRM is the Society for Human Resource Management.38. (p. 13) All of the following competitive challenges faced by companies will increase the importance of human resource management EXCEPT:A. the global challenge.B. the challenge of sustainability.C. the political challenge.D. the technology challenge.39. (p. 14) _____ refers to the ability of a company to survive and succeed in a dynamic competitive environment.A. OutsourcingB. EmpowermentC. SustainabilityD. Resource management40. (p. 14) Sustainability includes all of the following EXCEPT:A. expanding into foreign markets.B. the ability to deal with economic and social changes.C. engaging in responsible and ethical business practices.D. providing high-quality products and services.41. (p. 19) Which of the following statements about intangible assets is FALSE?A. They include human capital.B. They are less valuable than physical assets.C. They are equally or even more valuable than financial assets.D. They are difficult to duplicate or imitate.42. (p. 20) Tacit knowledge is an example of _____ capital.A. socialB. customerC. humanD. intellectual43. (p. 21) Which of the following is NOT true of knowledge workers?A. They often contribute specialized knowledge that their managers may not have, such as information about customers.B. They have many job opportunities.C. They are in high demand because companies need their skills.D. They contribute to the company through manual labor and intellectual labor.44. (p. 21) Empowering is defined as:A. the movement of women and minorities into managerial positions.B. giving employees responsibility and authority to make decisions regarding all aspects of product development or customer service.C. leading employees by the strength of one's charisma.D. the act of continually learning and improving one's skills and abilities.45. (p. 22) A(n) _____ contract describes what an employee expects to contribute and what the company will provide to the employee for these contributions.A. employerB. employeeC. psychologicalD. job46. (p. 25) All of the following are examples of alternative work arrangements EXCEPT:A. independent contractors.B. current labor force.C. on-call workers.D. temporary workers.47. (p. 27) The balanced scorecard:A. is similar to most measures of company performance.B. uses indicators important to the company's strategy.C. is a standardized instrument of company performance.D. should not be applied to HR practices.48. (p. 27) The balanced scorecard presents a view of company performance from the perspective of:A. its customers only.B. its employees only.C. its employees and customers only.D. its employees, customers, and shareholders.49. (p. 28) According to the financial perspective of the balanced scorecard, which of the following questions should be answered?A. How do customers see us?B. Can we continue to improve and create value?C. What must we excel at?D. How do we look to shareholders?50. (p. 28) Increasingly, companies are trying to meet shareholder and general public demands that they be more socially, ethically, and environmentally responsible. Thus, companies are recognizing the importance of:A. a balanced scorecard approach to business.B. diversity.C. total quality management.D. social responsibility.51. (p. 30) TQM focuses on:A. designing processes to meet the needs of external customers only.B. reducing variability in the product or service.C. preventing errors rather than correcting errors.D. tying pay to employees' total output less rejects52. (p. 31) "How senior executives create and sustain corporate citizenship, customer focus, clear values, and expectations, and promote quality and performance excellence" is the definition for which Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criterion?A. Strategic planningB. Workforce focusC. Customer and market focusD. LeadershipMalcolm Baldrige National Quality Award is an award established in 1987 to promote quality awareness, to recognize quality achievements of U.S. companies, and to publicize successful quality strategies.53. (p. 33) Which one of the following is NOT true of the Six Sigma process?A. The objective of the process is to create a total business focus on serving the customer.B. Training is an important component of the process.C. The process is one of seven categories evaluated within the Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award.D. The process involves measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling processes once they have been brought within six quality standards.54. (p. 33) Which of following holds TRUE for lean thinking?A. It is a way to do more with less effort, time, equipment, and space.B. It is a way to compete for quality awards and certification.C. It includes offering no-frills goods and services to customers.D. It is working for zero inventories.55. (p. 34) The skills and motivation of a company's _____ labor force determine the need for training and development practices and the effectiveness of the company's compensation and reward systems.A. projectedB. secondaryC. externalD. internal56. (p. 34-37) Which of the following statements about the composition of the U.S. labor force in the next decade is TRUE?A. Labor force growth is greater than at any other time in U.S. history.B. The largest proportion of the labor force is expected to be in the 16-to-24-year age group.C. There will be fewer white males than minorities or women in the labor force.D. The number of "baby boom" workers will increase faster than any other age group.57. (p. 35) Which of the following statements about older workers is FALSE?A. Worker performance and learning are adversely affected by aging.B. The aging labor force means companies are likely to employ a growing share of older workers.C. An emerging trend is for qualified older workers to ask to work part-time or for only a few months at a time as a means to transition to retirement.D. Older employees are willing and able to learn new technology.58. (p. 37) Baby boomers:A. like the latest technology, are ambitious and goal-oriented, and seek meaningful work.B. want to be noticed, respected, and involved.C. tend to be uncomfortable challenging the status quo and authority.D. value unexpected rewards for work accomplishments, opportunities to learn new things, praise, recognition, and time with the manager.59. (p. 38) Regardless of their background, most employees' value:A. the ability to challenge the status quo.B. simplistic tasks requiring few skills.C. managerial positions.D. work that leads to self-fulfillment.60. (p. 38-39) To successfully manage a diverse workforce, managers need to develop all of the following skills EXCEPT:A. providing performance feedback that is based on values rather than objective outcomes.B. communicating effectively with employees from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds.C. coaching employees of different ages, educational backgrounds, ethnicity, physical ability, and race.D. recognizing and responding to generational issues.61. (p. 39) Managing cultural diversity involves:A. enforcing EEO rules.B. creating separate career tracks for employees with families.C. establishing a strong affirmative action policy.D. creating a workplace that makes it comfortable for employees of all backgrounds to be creative and innovative.62. (p. 39) How diversity issues are managed in companies has implications for all the following EXCEPT:A. knowing how to learn.B. creativity.C. retaining good employees.D. problem solving.63. (p. 39) Managing cultural diversity can provide a competitive advantage by:A. decreasing the number of available women and minorities in the company's labor pool.B. helping women and minorities understand they must conform to organizational norms and expectations.C. helping companies produce better decisions by including all employees' perspectives and analysis.D. identifying product markets on which the company should focus64. (p. 39) In managing cultural diversity, which of the following would improve the level of creativity thereby providing competitive advantage to an organization?A. Diversity of perspectives and less emphasis on conformity to norms of the past.B. Those with the best reputations for managing diversity will win the competition for the best personnel.C. An implication of the multicultural model for managing diversity is that the system will become less determinate, less standardized, and therefore more fluid.D. Heterogeneity in decisions and problem-solving groups potentially produces better decisions.65. (p. 39) Which of the following cultural diversity arguments states that companies with the best reputations for managing diversity will win the competition for the best personnel?A. System flexibility argumentB. Marketing argumentC. Employee attraction and retention argumentD. Problem-solving argument66. (p. 39) Diversity is important for tapping all of the following skills of employees EXCEPT:A. cultural skills.B. communication skills.C. creativity.D. homogeneous thinking.67. (p. 40) What areas of the legal environment have influenced HRM practices over the past 25 years?A. Equal employment opportunity, safety and health, pay and benefits, privacy, and job security.B. Executive compensation, pay and benefits, workers' compensation, safety and health, and job security.C. Product liability, workers' compensation, equal employment opportunity, safety and health, and labor relations.D. Equal employment opportunity, patent infringement, workers' compensation, safety and health, and job security.68. (p. 40-41) There will likely be continued discussion, debate, and possible legislation in all but one of the following areas in companies. Name the exception.A. Genetic testingB. Glass ceilingC. Employment-at-willD. Design of physical work environment69. (p. 41) Litigation involving job security will have a major influence on human resource management practices because:A. work rules, recruitment practices, and performance evaluation systems might falsely communicate lifetime employment agreements that the company does not intend to honor during layoffs.B. adjustments of test scores to meet affirmative action requirements are now illegal.C. employees now bear the burden of proof in discrimination cases.D. compensation awards for discrimination claims have increased.70. (p. 41) Which of the following is one of the four ethical principles of a successful company?A. Managers assume all responsibility for the actions of the company.B. It has a strong profit orientation.C. Customer, client, and vendor relationships emphasize mutual benefits.D. It does not produce products that can be used for violent purposes.71. (p. 42) Which legislation act sets new strict rules for business especially as regards accounting practices?A. Human Rights Act of 1994B. Reverse Discrimination Act of 1990C. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002D. Corruption and Practices Act of 200072. (p. 43) Which of the following is NOT a standard that human resource managers must satisfy for practices to be ethical?A. Managers must treat employees as family.B. Human resource practices must result in the greatest good for the largest number of people.C. Employment practices must respect basic human rights of privacy, due process, and free speech.D. Managers must treat employees and customers equitably and fairly.73. (p. 45) Exporting jobs from developed to less developed countries is known as:A. insourcing.B. offshoring.C. importing.D. onshoring.74. (p. 47) Exporting jobs to rural parts of the United States is referred to as:A. insourcing.B. offshoring.C. importing.D. onshoring75. (p. 48) Which of the following statements about technology is FALSE?A. The Internet allows employees to locate and gather resources, including software, reports, photos, and videos.B. Technology does not allow older workers to postpone retirement.C. The Internet gives employees instant access to experts whom they can communicate with.D. Technology has made equipment easier to operate, helping companies cope with skill shortages.76. (p. 49) Which of the following is NOT typically true of work teams?A. They are used to increase employee responsibility and control.B. They use cross-training to give employees knowledge on a wide range of skills.C. They frequently select new team members and plan work schedules.D. They assume all of the activities reserved for managers such as controlling, planning, and coordinating activities.77. (p. 49) Which of the following is NOT recommended for supporting work teams?A. Reducing flexibility and interaction between employees to maintain high productivity.B. Giving employees formal performance feedback.C. Linking compensation and rewards with performance.D. Allowing employees to participate in planning changes in equipment, layout, and work methods.78. (p. 49) All of the following statements about cross training are true EXCEPT:A. it provides teams' maximum flexibility.B. it helps in measuring employees' performance.C. it trains employees in a wide range of skills.D. employees can fill any of the roles needed to be performed on the team.79. (p. 50) Company X has offices around the globe. Its teams are separated by time, geographic distance, culture and/or organizational boundaries, and almost rely exclusively on technology for interaction between team members. Its teams are:A. virtual teams.B. geographically-concentrated teams.C. lean teams.D. teleworker teams.80. (p. 50-51) Adaptive organizational structures emphasize:A. efficiency, decision making by managers, and the flow of information from top to bottom of the organization.B. a core set of values, and elimination of boundaries between managers, employees, and organizational functions.C. clear boundaries between managers, employees, customers, vendors, and the functional areas, and a constant state of learning.D. internal linking, external linking, diversification, and a core set of values.81. (p. 51) Which of the following is FALSE about high-involvement, adaptive organizational structures?A. Employees are in a constant state of learning and performance improvement.B. Employees are free to move wherever they are needed in a company.C. Line employees are trained to specialize in one job in order to maximize efficiency.D. Previously established boundaries between managers, employees, customers, and vendors are abandoned.82. (p. 51) Employees in geographically dispersed locations can work together in virtual teams using video, e-mail, and the Internet. This e-HRM implication refers to which aspect of HR?A. RecruitingB. Analysis and design of workC. SelectionD. Compensation and benefits83. (p. 52) From the manager's perspective, an HRIS can be used to perform primarily all but one of the following. Name the exception.A. Support strategic decision makingB. Avoid litigationC. Evaluate programs and policiesD. Motivate employees84. (p. 54) A(n) _____ is a series of indicators or metrics that managers and employees have access to on the company intranet or human resource information system.A. HR dashboardB. balanced scorecardC. web portalD. Intranet85. (p. 54) All of the following HR practices support high-performance work systems EXCEPT:A. employees participate in selection process.B. jobs are designed to use a variety of skills.C. employee rewards are related to company performance.D. individuals tend to work separately.86. (p. 56) Which one of the following is NOT associated with managing the human resource environment?A. Linking HRM practices to the company's business objectives.B. Identifying human resource requirements through human resource planning, recruitment, and selection.C. Ensuring that HRM practices comply with federal, state, and local laws.D. Designing work that motivates and satisfies the employee as well as maximizes customer service, quality, and productivity.87. (p. 56) Economic value is traditionally associated with all of the following EXCEPT:A. equipment.B. technology.C. facilities.D. HRM practices.88. (p. 57) A company's human resource acquisition requirements are influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:A. terminations.B. customer demands for products and services.C. motivation and satisfaction of employees.D. promotions.89. (p. 58) Managing the assessment and development of human resources involves all of the following EXCEPT:A. measuring employees' performance.B. creating an employment relationship and work environment that benefits both the company and the employee.C. recruiting employees and placing them in jobs that best use their skills.D. identifying employees' work interests, goals, and values, and other career issues.90. (p. 58) Besides interesting work, _____ are the most important incentives that companies can offer to its employees.A. training for future work rolesB. beneficial work environmentsC. support for nonwork activitiesD. pay and benefitsEssay Questions91. (p. 8) Name and discuss the competencies that HR professionals need.定义并讨论人力资源专业人员需要的能力1. Credible activist: delivers results with integrity, shares information, builds trusting relationships, and influences others, providing candid observation, taking appropriate risks.2. Cultural steward: facilitates change, develops and values the culture, and helps employees navigate the culture.3. Talent manager/organizational designer: develops talent, designs reward systems, and shapes the organization.4. Strategic architect: recognizes business trends and their impact on the business, evidence-based HR, and develops people strategies that contribute to the business strategy.5. Business ally: understands how the business makes money and the language of the business.6. Operational executor: implements workplace policies, advances HR technology, and administers day-to-day work of managing people.92. (p. 9-10) How has the role of HRM changed in recent years? Discuss three trends that are changing the HRM function. Why have these roles changed?近年来，HRM的角色发生了怎样的变化?讨论三个改变人力资源管理功能的趋势。
The Importance of Financial LiteracyFinancial literacy is a crucial skill that everyone should possess in order to navigate the complex world of personal finance. It encompasses the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills, including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing. The importance of financialliteracy cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts an individual's ability to make informed financial decisions, plan for the future, and achieve financial stability and security. One of the key aspects of financial literacy is theability to manage personal finances effectively. This includes creating andsticking to a budget, understanding the concept of income and expenses, and making informed decisions about spending and saving. Without a solid understanding of these fundamental concepts, individuals may find themselves struggling to make ends meet, falling into debt, or facing financial hardship. Furthermore,financial literacy plays a crucial role in long-term financial planning and wealth accumulation. Individuals who are financially literate are better equipped to make informed decisions about investing, retirement planning, and wealth management. They are more likely to take advantage of opportunities to grow their wealth and secure their financial future, ultimately leading to greater financial securityand independence. In addition to personal finance, financial literacy is also essential for making informed decisions in the broader economy. Understanding concepts such as inflation, interest rates, and the impact of economic policiescan empower individuals to make better decisions about borrowing, saving, and investing. This knowledge is particularly important in a world where individuals are increasingly responsible for their own financial well-being, as traditional safety nets such as pensions and social security become less reliable. Moreover, financial literacy is not just about acquiring knowledge; it also involves developing the skills and confidence to apply that knowledge in real-life situations. This includes the ability to critically evaluate financial productsand services, negotiate favorable terms, and protect oneself from financial fraud and exploitation. These skills are essential for individuals to advocate for their own financial interests and avoid falling victim to predatory financial practices. It is important to recognize that the lack of financial literacy can have seriousconsequences, both at the individual and societal levels. Individuals who are not financially literate are more likely to make poor financial decisions, accumulate high levels of debt, and struggle to achieve their long-term financial goals. This can lead to stress, anxiety, and a reduced quality of life. On a broader scale, a population with low levels of financial literacy can contribute to economic instability and inequality, as individuals may be less able to participate fully in the economy and take advantage of opportunities for upward mobility. In conclusion, the importance of financial literacy cannot be overstated. It is a fundamental skill that empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their personal finances, plan for the future, and participate fully in the economy. By promoting financial literacy through education and outreach, we can help individuals and communities achieve greater financial stability, security, and prosperity. It is essential for individuals to prioritize their financial education and seek out resources to enhance their financial literacy, ultimately leading to a more secure and empowered financial future.。
The Importance of Financial EducationFinancial education is a crucial aspect of personal development that is often overlooked or undervalued. The importance of financial education cannot be overstated, as it plays a significant role in shaping individuals' financial behaviors, decision-making, and overall well-being. In today's complex and dynamic economic environment, the need for financial literacy has become more pressingthan ever. From managing personal finances to making informed investment decisions, individuals who are well-versed in financial education are better equipped to navigate the intricacies of the financial world. One of the primary reasons why financial education is essential is its impact on individual financial management. Many people struggle with budgeting, saving, and investing, often leading to financial stress and instability. By providing individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills, financial education empowers them to take control of their finances, make sound financial decisions, and plan for the future. This, in turn, can alleviate financial stress, reduce debt, and pave the way for long-termfinancial security and stability. Furthermore, financial education isinstrumental in fostering a culture of responsible financial behavior. With the prevalence of easy access to credit and the allure of consumerism, manyindividuals fall into the trap of overspending and accumulating debt. By promoting financial literacy, individuals can develop a better understanding of the implications of their financial choices, cultivate responsible spending habits,and avoid falling into debt traps. This not only benefits individuals on apersonal level but also contributes to the overall financial well-being of society. In addition to personal finance management, financial education also plays acritical role in enabling individuals to make informed investment decisions. With the proliferation of investment opportunities and financial products, individuals are often faced with complex choices that require a certain level of financial acumen. Without adequate knowledge, individuals may fall prey to investment scams, make uninformed decisions, or miss out on opportunities for wealth accumulation. Through financial education, individuals can gain the necessary insights to assess investment options, understand risk and return dynamics, and make informeddecisions aligned with their financial goals. Moreover, financial education isnot only beneficial for individuals but also for the broader economy. Afinancially literate population is more likely to contribute to economic growth and stability. By making sound financial decisions, individuals can increase their savings, make productive investments, and contribute to capital formation. This, in turn, can fuel economic development, create employment opportunities, and drive overall prosperity. Additionally, a financially savvy population is less vulnerable to financial crises, as they are better equipped to weather economic fluctuations and make prudent financial choices. Despite the evident benefits of financial education, there are challenges that hinder its widespread adoption and effectiveness. One of the primary challenges is the lack of access to quality financial education resources. Many individuals, particularly those from underserved communities, may not have access to formal financial education programs or resources. This creates a disparity in financial literacy levels, perpetuating financial inequality. Addressing this challenge requires concerted efforts from governments, educational institutions, and financial organizations to make financial education more accessible and inclusive. Another challenge is the need for financial education to evolve in response to the changing financial landscape. With the advent of digital financial services, cryptocurrencies, and evolving investment trends, traditional financial education may not adequately equip individuals to navigate these developments. As such, there is a need to continuously update and adapt financial education curricula to encompass emerging financial technologies and trends, ensuring that individuals are equipped to make informed decisions in a rapidly evolving financial environment. In conclusion, the importance of financial education cannot be overstated. It is a fundamental tool for empowering individuals to manage their finances, make informed decisions, and contribute to economic growth. By promoting financial literacy, individuals can cultivate responsible financial behaviors, make informed investment choices, and ultimately enhance their financial well-being. However, to fully realize the benefits of financial education, it is essential to address challenges related to accessibility and relevance, ensuring that all individuals have the opportunity to enhance their financial literacy and secure their financial futures.。
温州⼤学新视⾓研究⽣英语读说写2课习题题⽬及翻译Unit 11. His heart attack was _ _ by the physical and emotional pressures suffered under interrogation.2.We are all under the illusion that the country is doing well __ , but in fact it is in serious difficulty.3. He couldn’t join the police because he was below the _ _height allowed by the rule. 4.We hope to see stronger _ _ from the world community for international working together in the fight to protect our common natural surroundings 5. The professor felt grateful and _ _ that the debate hadn’t degenerated into something absurd and degrading6. Tiger populations have stopped _ _, and working to protect them is now a way of life in nations where they roam.7.Our efforts result in a great rise in _ _ in our universities, coupled with a radical shift in higher education from the private to the public sector 8. It was such a funny and wonderful show; I could _ _ keep from laughing with delight.9.Details are often organized according to time _ _ or from one place to another. These are two very important means of descriptive writing.10. Many how-to books advise you to _ _ into a room and impress others with your qualities. Part B 1.Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often beable to predict the general direction the author is going to. A. anticipateB. expectC. captureD. nurture2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relativesplay vital roles in raising children.A. intolerableB. impassionedC. intellectualD. indispensable 3.Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice with cereal (⾕类⾷品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed. A. intensifyB. enhanceC. strengthenD. reinforce4.Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted hisapplication instantly, but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been turned down. A. ultimatelyB. hesitantlyC. promptlyD. attentively5. The rule for the competition is somewhat vague . I can’t get it and I require an explanation. A. distinct B. obscure C. clumsyD. imaginary6.The diseases thrive in conditions where freshwater isinsufficient and sanitation is poor. A. scarceB. plentifulC. fruitfulD. inexhaustible7.After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recoveryhas fallen dramatically, according to a post-election survey. A. graduallyB. frequentlyC. surprisinglyD. analytically8. The tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford andCambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures.A. compelledB. insulatedC. memorizedD. challenged9. They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rules.A. skimB. clarifyC. discardD. insulate10. They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit cards, deficient checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers’ personal information. A. sufficient B. overdueC. naiveD. inadequateUnit 41.The Our company is one of the leading manufacturers of commercial and kitchen equipment, such as ovens, freezers, refrigerators, blenders, etc. 2.An annual increase of 1.3% in food production is necessary at the present time to feed the human population, assuming present diets remain invariant. 3. You can the joy of your beloved ones when they receive the DVD shows made by your own hands as a special gift. 4.This book depicts the cultural history of race and the complicated relationship between and mainstream culture in early twentieth-century America. 5. These sorts of jobs are available between late May and late August and often a wide range of work.6. There is currently a trend for companies to much of their IT to third-parties, in some cases to overseas third-parties.7.In ancient China, women would compete to show off their _______ in needlecraft on Qixi, the most important way of celebrating the festival. 8.Morgan _________ publicity of any kind, and never permitted signs bearing her name at construction sites. 9. Immigrants need time to overcome difficulties when they are ___________ into new cultures.10. Electronics chain stores are sometimes willing to ________profits for a period of time in order to gain market share. Part B1. ________ leaders are those courageous individuals who throughout history have refused to accept the status quo.A. ScornfulB. VisionaryC. ImpersonalD. Respectful2. The thick soap won’t foam properly, so it is necessary and economical to ________ it with water.A. pierceB. dipC. diluteD. balance3. I’ve been on suspension for over 2 weeks because I stood up toa rude, ________ boss.A. arrogantB. disloyalC. corporateD. uncommitted4. The successful candidates are all creative in solving problems and ________ at learning new technologies and skills.A. capableB. marginalC. adequateD. adept5. She ________ as she talked about the messy young boys who had drunk up all her milk and eaten up all her chocolates.A. bristledB. disdainedC. downsizedD. shunned6. Not only does he have one of those distinctive radio voices that sets him apart, he also brings a fun and a slightly________ attitude to his show.A. irrelevantB. irreverentC. burgeoningD. mentoring7. ________ assets comprise items such as land, buildings, plants, machinery, fixtures and fittings, IT equipment and vehicles.A. DiverseB. MassiveC. ClassicalD. Tangible8. These few old-style wooden shops are soon to be demolished. With them will go the last ________ of the town’s original look.A. prowessB. monikerC. vestigeD. portfolio9. Our way to stay ahead of the competition is by continually creating ________ products and services while building new value in existing product lines.A. unmanageableB. deliverableC. innovativeD. institutional10. He always smiled and never had a negative comment about anyone or a _________ remark about any situation.A. cynicalB. skepticalC. hierarchicalD. prototypical Translation1.Having practiced for about 5 years,he is now adept at legalissues relating to international investment and trade.2.According to a survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying onSocial Security when they retire. They began saving for retirement early compared with their predecessors.3.All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away underthe relaxing and comfortable treatment of foot massage.4.Studies show that most employees place a high value on beingrecognized or being complemented for a job well done.5.Emergency rooms were clogged with patients who came fortreatment of relatively routine medical problems because they didn’t have a regular doctor.6.Anyone trying to coach or help a new technical manager makethe transition to a leadership role can get useful ideas from this book.7.Most of the time when you take a short cut for completing aproject you will end up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short cut.8.Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries betweentheir personal and professional lives will not be able to understand the meaning of life and work.9.The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in adisciplined and professional manner when in the presence of danger.10.Most Gen Xers have the desire to forgo career advancement formore time with their wife and children, especially in the early years of their children’s lives.英译汉1.然⽽，X⼀代⼈⽬睹了他们的⽗母为了职业晋升⽽做出牺牲，结果却遭遇了美国公司的⼤量裁员。
《产品经理》教学大纲Teaching Contents and Class Hours1.Connotation and extension of the product;2.Functions and roles of product manager;3.Blue ocean strategy and product innovation;4.Classification and characteristics of business model;5.Successful experience and inspiration of famous product manager;6.Trend analysis of product manager.(II)6 major job responsibilities of product manager2 class hours1.Market research and analysis;2.Product definition design and planning;3.Project management in the product development;4.Product presentation;5.Marketing promotion assistance;6.Product management and iteration after listing.(III)Enhancement approach of self-management ability 4class hours1. Enhance the emotional management ability;2.Enhance the lime management ability, familiar with (he lime management Todolist and other softwares;3.Enhance the target management ability;4.Enhance knowledge management ability;5.Product design ability;6.Professional skills;7.Team management ability.(IV)Product planning theory and practice2 class hours1. Planning the concept and category;2.The nature and principles of planning;3.Planning and creativity;4.Writing rules and methods of planning books;5.Planning procedures and procedures;6.Learning and practice of planning examples.(V)Writing methods and skills of three major documents 2 class hours1. The content structure, writing methods and techniques of the Business Requirement Document (BRD);2.The content structure, writing methods and techniques of the Market Requirement Document (MRD);3.The content structure, writing methods and techniques of the Product Requirement Document (PRD);4.Familiar with Axure6.5, Balsamiq Mockups and other tools;5.Learning example of standard specifications of three major documents;6.Special practice of three major documents for (he three specific project.(VI)Course project design4class hoursThe company's operating mode and organizational structure are stimulated, which means that the whole life cycle practice is carried out for Internet product and industrial product respectively, focusing on the value of product manager role and document reports and demonstrating design methods and processes of "do what" in。
左右脑的功能和作用英语The functions and roles of the left and right brains are fascinating topics in neuroscience. While the two hemispheres of the brain are interconnected and work together, they each have unique specializations that contribute to our overall cognitive abilities.The left brain, often referred to as the "logical" or "analytical" brain, is dominant in language processing, mathematical reasoning, logical analysis, and sequential thinking. It is responsible for the processing of verbal information, including speaking, reading, and writing. The left brain is also involved in analytical tasks such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and making decisions based on logic and reason.In contrast, the right brain is often referred to as the "creative" or "intuitive" brain. It is responsible for spatial reasoning, visual perception, musical ability, emotional expression, and intuitive thinking. The rightbrain excels at processing nonverbal information and is involved in tasks such as art, music, and emotional expression. It is also responsible for our ability to perceive and understand the world through spatial relationships and patterns.While the left and right brains have distinct functions, they work together to form a complete cognitive system. The two hemispheres are connected by a bundle of nerves called the corpus callosum, which allows for communication and cooperation between the two sides. This communication is essential for many cognitive tasks, as it allows for the integration of information processed by both hemispheres.In summary, the left brain is dominant in logical, analytical, and sequential thinking, while the right brain excels at creative, intuitive, and spatial reasoning. Both hemispheres work together to form a complete cognitive system that enables us to perceive, understand, andinteract with the world in a全面 and multifaceted way.The left brain's specialization in language processingallows us to communicate effectively with others, express our thoughts and ideas, and understand complex concepts through words. Its role in mathematical reasoning and logical analysis enables us to solve problems, make informed decisions, and reason through complex scenarios. The left brain is also responsible for our ability to sequence events and experiences in a meaningful way, allowing us to organize our thoughts and actions effectively.On the other hand, the right brain's specialization in spatial reasoning and visual perception enables us to perceive and understand the world through spatial relationships and patterns. Its role in musical ability allows us to appreciate and create music, while its involvement in emotional expression enables us to convey and understand emotional states. The right brain is also responsible for our ability to generate new ideas and solutions through intuitive thinking and creativity.The integration of information processed by both hemispheres is crucial for many cognitive tasks. Forexample, when we read a book, the left brain processes the words and sentences, while the right brain contributes to our understanding of the story's emotional and visual elements. Similarly, when we solve a complex problem, the left brain analyzes the logic and facts, while the right brain generates new ideas and perspectives.In conclusion, the left and right brains play complementary roles in our cognitive abilities. The left brain excels at logical, analytical, and sequential thinking, while the right brain specializes in creative, intuitive, and spatial reasoning. By working together, these two hemispheres enable us to perceive, understand, and interact with the world in a rich and multifaceted way.。
一级市场二级市场英语The primary market and the secondary market are both crucial elements of the financial markets, playing pivotal roles in facilitating the buying and selling of securities and assets. In this article, we will delve into the definitions, functions, and differences between these two markets in the context of the global financial landscape.Introduction to the Primary MarketThe primary market, also known as the new issue market, is where companies issue new securities, such as stocks, bonds, or any other financial instruments, for the first time to the public. This is done through an initial public offering (IPO) or a private placement. In an IPO, a company offers its shares to the public for the first time, allowing investors to purchase a stake in the company. On the other hand, in a private placement, the company sells its securities directly to institutional investors or high-net-worth individuals.The primary market plays a critical role in helping companies raise capital to fund their operations, expansion, or other activities. It gives companies the opportunity to access a large pool of potential investors and raise funds to support theirgrowth strategies. Additionally, the primary market provides investors with the chance to invest in new companies and participate in their success.Introduction to the Secondary MarketThe secondary market, also known as the stock market or the aftermarket, is where existing securities are bought and sold among investors without the involvement of the issuing company. In this market, investors trade securities with each other, allowing them to easily buy or sell their investments on an exchange or over-the-counter (OTC) platform. The secondary market provides liquidity to investors by offering a platform for buying and selling securities after they have been issued in the primary market.The secondary market serves several key functions, including providing liquidity to investors, determining the prices of securities through supply and demand dynamics, and enabling investors to adjust their investment portfolios based on changing market conditions. It also plays a crucial role in facilitating price discovery and efficient capital allocation in the financial markets.Differences Between the Primary Market and the Secondary MarketThere are several key differences between the primary market and the secondary market that distinguish them in terms of their functions and operations.1. Purpose- Primary Market: The primary market is used by companies to raise capital by issuing new securities to investors.- Secondary Market: The secondary market allows investors to buy and sell existing securities among themselves without the involvement of the issuing company.2. Participants- Primary Market: The primary market involves issuers, such as companies or governments, and investors who purchase the newly issued securities.- Secondary Market: The secondary market involves investors, such as individuals, institutional investors, and traders, who buy and sell existing securities with each other.3. Timeframe- Primary Market: The primary market deals with the issuance of new securities for the first time to the public.- Secondary Market: The secondary market deals with the buying and selling of existing securities that have already been issued in the primary market.4. Pricing- Primary Market: In the primary market, the price of securities is determined by the issuing company based on factors such as market demand, financial performance, and valuation.- Secondary Market: In the secondary market, the price of securities is determined by supply and demand dynamics among investors, leading to fluctuating prices based on market conditions.5. Regulation- Primary Market: The primary market is subject to regulatory requirements that govern the issuance of new securities, such as disclosure rules, registration processes, and compliance with securities laws.- Secondary Market: The secondary market is also subject to regulatory oversight that ensures fair and transparent trading practices, such as market regulations, trading rules, and investor protections.ConclusionBoth the primary market and the secondary market are integral components of the financial markets, each serving distinct purposes in the process of buying and selling securities. While the primary market facilitates the issuance of new securities by companies to raise capital, the secondary market enables investors to trade existing securities among themselves. Understanding the roles, functions, and differences between these two markets is essential for investors, companies, and regulators to navigate the complexities of the global financial landscape effectively.。
