冲刺2024年中考英语必考题型终极预测（山东专用）专题05 阅读理解（说明文）15篇（2023·山东济宁·统考二模）“I’ll finish my homework before playing video games.”“Your dress looks beautiful.”“I won’t spend all the money on snacks.”All lies! Most of us have told a lie at one time or another. However, scientists found that lying can harm your brain (大脑). It may stop you from doing other important tasks.When you tell the truth, your brain doesn’t have to do any extra (额外的) work. But lying takes much more work.Imagine you’re late to class. The teacher asks why and you decide to lie. So you say: “I picked up a book from the library.” Your teacher asks, “The book I assigned (布置) last time?” Then you must decide how to answer the question. If you say yes, the teacher might ask to see the book. So you might say: “No.” Now you have to think of a book title. You need to make sure it’s a book the library actually has. See? When you lie, your brain works a lot more to keep the lie from falling apart.You just gave your brain a lot of extra work. An area called the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) does the work. It’s the part in charge of short memory. That area also takes care of planning, problem-solving and self-control.Using too much brainpower to lie means there’s less available for other things-like solve math problems. Lying is even harder for young people. The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until age 25. So when young people are busy with lying, they’ll have a harder time doing other things, like making study plans or eating a healthy diet. So think twice before lying next time!1．What did the scientists find out about telling lies?A．It happens quite often.B．Most students have done it.C．It is bad for people’s brains.D．It’s an important way to protect oneself.2．What happens to your brain when you lie?A．It works more slowly.B．It has to do some extra work.C．It often says yes to others.D．It becomes better at answering questions.3．According to the story, why is it harder for people under 25 to tell lies?A．Because they are not clever enough.B．Because they have too much brainpower.C．Because they don’t have fully grown brains.D．Because they are still learning how to talk to other people.4．What is the best title of the passage?A．More lies, more work B．Lies make us healthyC．Lies grow with age D．Lies are difficult（2023·山东泰安·泰安一中校考二模）A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs l.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?If you answered 10 cents, you are not alone—most people give the same answer（the answer is wrong）. It’s an example of how we often depend on intuitive responses（直觉反应）—answers we feel are true. People give answers that “pop into their mind,” says cognitive scientist Steven Sloman. We don’t spend much time “reflecting and checking whether the answer…is right or wrong.”The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake（虚假的）news. It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman. But “the trick with fake news is to know to verify”—in other words, to stop and check what you know.In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain. They told a group of volunteers about it, but they did not fully explain what it was. They then asked the volunteers to rate（评等级）their own understanding of helium rain. Most volunteers rated themselves 1 out of 7, meaning they didn’t understand it.The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery. This time, they said the scientists could full y explain how it works. The volunteers gave an average answer of 2. The scientists’ confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding of it, Sloman says.According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion（接触传染）. This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics（政治）. “If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is dishonest,” Sloman Bays, “then you are going to start thinking that you understand, too.”So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves? “I don’t think it’s possible to train persons to check everything that they encounter（遇到）,” Sloman admitted. “It is just too human to believe what you are told.”However, training people to care about fact-checking is important, he argued, especially in online communities.Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media feed every day. Probably these fit in with your own worldview—but perhaps not all of them are true.“We should check things and not just take them at face value,” Sloman said, “Make sure if it is true before you believe.”5．The writer uses the example of the bat and ball question to show that ________.A．people often forget skills that they have learned at schoolB．there is often more than one possible answer to a questionC．many people give quick responses without thinking carefullyD．people sometimes are too careless to get the right answers6．How much does the ball cost?A．5 cent.B．10 cent.C．15 cent.D．20 cent.7．More volunteers said they could understand helium rain after ________.A．some of the volunteers explained it to themB．Sloman and his colleague showed them how it worksC．they heard that scientists could explain it confidentlyD．they examined the conclusion carefully by themselves8．What does the writer probably agree?A．It is important to do an experiment based on scientific research.B．The second group of volunteers are more confident than the first.C．People can be cheated easily because of too much fake news.D．People should be trained to check before they believe something.（2023·山东泰安·泰安一中校考二模）If you are joining in chat room conversations, or writing e-mails with net pals（网友）, you are one of the millions who write in a special, short form of English.Throughout the world, every night children and their elders are “talking” online—many of them are talking at the same time.It’s fast: trying talking to six people once. It’s easy: three or four words per exchange. It takes cleverness and quick fingers.And it requires very simple language. There’s neither time nor space for explanations. Why waste valuable timetelling six friends you have to leave for a moment to take care of your little brother when BRB（=be right back）will do?Want to enter a conversation? Just type PMFJI（=pardon me for jumping in）.Interested in whom you’re talking to? Type A/S/L, the common request（要求）to know your pal’s age, sex（性别）and location（地点）. You may get 15/M/NY as a reply from your pal.If something makes you laugh, say you’re OTF（=on the floor）, or LOL（=laughing out loud）, or join the two into ROTFL（=rolling on the floor laughing）.And when it’s time to get back to work or go to bed, you type GTG（=got to go）or TTYL（=talk to you later）.People want to write as fast as possible, and they want to get their ideas across as quickly as they can. Capital （大写字母）letters are left in the dust, except when expressing feelings, as it takes more time to hold down the “shift” key and use capitals. Punctuation（标点）is going too.9．The sentence “There’s neither time nor space for explanations” means ________.A．people should use words properlyB．people should communicate in a funny wayC．people online can express themselves in a simple wayD．people should know what time it is when they are talking10．If you get 17/F/NY as an answer to your A/S/L, it means ________.A．you are talking to 17 girls who are from New YorkB．you are talking to a girl who is 17 and lives in New YorkC．the people you are talking to is a 17-foot tall New York girlD．the people on the other end is 17 from New York and he is fine11．Which of the following is a way to save online time?A．People only use the mouse instead of the keyboard.B．Many people draw pictures instead of typing letters.C．People never use the “shift” key as it takes more time.D．People seldom use capital letters or punctuation marks.（2023·山东德州·统考三模）Many of us don’t pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging (老化). Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from ultraviolet rays.Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly(定期地) and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time.All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.12．________ is the most important way to protect our eyes.A．Natural eye care B．Taking medicineC．Seeing the doctor D．Being happy all the time13．All the following causes can lead to bad eyesight except ________.A．age B．height C．reading D．computers14．. What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer?A．Eat healthy foods.B．Clean the eyes by using cold water.C．Wear a pair of sunglasses.D．Have a rest after working for a while.A．沙尘B．闪电C．紫外线D．超声波16．Which is the best title of the passage?A．Ways of Eye Care B．Ways of Eye ExercisesC．Ways of Being Happy D．Ways of Being Healthy（2023·山东泰安·统考二模）The red beans grow in southern land;How many loads（枝条）in spring the trees?Collect them till full is your hand;They would recall sweet memories.Love is a popular theme in Chinese poems. What symbols do you think best stand for love? The heart, rose or chocolate? This time we are going to look at a classic Chinese poem, Love Seeds. It was written by Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei who had a different understanding of the symbol of love.In the first two lines, the poet expresses his feelings of missing his friend, who lives in southern China, by describing the growth of red beans in spring. In classic Chinese poems, poets prefer to express feelings in an indirect or symbolic way. When describing the natural environment or showing some symbols, Chinese poets always mean more than what’s described on the surface.In Chinese culture, red beans are seen as “love seeds”, which have a strong cultural meaning. Because they are often hard, come in a heart shape, and can be stored for a long time, those beans have long been used as a symbol of love and loyalty（忠诚）between lovers.In the last two lines, the poet wishes his faraway friend to collect as many red beans as possible, as the beans will bring back his friend’s memories to the poet.Instead of showing love to others by directly saying “I miss you” or using flowery language, this short poem can make readers feel deep love.17．What’s the Chinese title of the poem Love Seeds?A．《相思》B．《梅花》C．《赋别》D．《春晓》18．In classic Chinese poems, poets express feelings in _______ ways.A．direct B．straight C．symbolic D．short19．How many features（特点）of the red beans are mentioned by the writer?A．One.B．Two.C．Three.D．Four.20．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．Wang Wei is a great poet from Song Dynasty.B．Wang Wei lived in southern China when writing this poem.C．Wang Wei thinks red beans are seen as “love seeds” because of their color.D．Wang Wei thinks red beans will bring back his friend’s memories to him.（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）Since humans sent the first satellite (卫星) to space in the 1950s, scientists have been studying an important topic: how to grow food in space if humans will one day live there.A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗) during the Shenzhou XIV mission. “The rice seedlings are growing very well,” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters. The seedlings of the short shoot rice variety have grown to 5 centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug 30.While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature (成熟) plant producing new seeds.Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated (突变的) seeds, thanks to microgravity (微重力), lack of air and cosmic rays (宇宙射线). The seeds can then produce yields (产量) on Earth.According to Yao Tong, an engineer from Hainan Aerospace Engineering Breeding Research Center, 30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are “space strawberries”, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced “space tomatoes” with yields increased by 30 percent, and “space bananas” with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.21．How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month?A．5cm.B．25cm.C．30cm.D．35cm.22．The underlined word “forward” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________” in Chinese.A．向前B．向后C．向左D．向右23．How does the current (现在) rice experiment differ from other experiments?A．It goes through a complete life cycle.B．Its seedlings are growing very well.C．It uses completely new rice varieties.D．Its seedlings have successfully come up.24．Why do we grow food in space?a. To feed astronauts.b. To study microgravity.c. To increase yields on Earth.d. To research on cosmic rays.A．a b B．b c C．b d D．a c25．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A．People are afraid of food.B．Space planting is benefiting us.C．People will never run out of food.D．Space planting has disadvantages.（2023·山东济宁·济宁学院附属中学校考二模）In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. They’re not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different from in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western host sometimes look rude (粗鲁的) in the eyes of Chinese guests.In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest.My wife’s mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask. “Is it OK if I smoke?” But, don’t be surprised if they say “No, you can’t smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they do not allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host.Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your house, don’t be too surprised if they don’t bring you a gift.In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected.26．When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often ________.A．buys some fruit B．wants some gifts C．feels like a god D．takes a cup of tea27．If the writer’s guests want to smoke in his house, what will he probably say?A．It’s OK if you smoke here.B．Sorry, you can’t smoke here.C．Let’s smoke together.D．Smoking is a bad habit.28．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to” in the passage?A．think back to B．keep close to C．look forward to D．get used to29．What is the main idea of this passage?A．Foreigners should learn from Chinese.B．People should understand cultural differences.C．Western hosts are always nice to guests.D．Hosts must do things in the guests’ way.（2023·山东日照·校考一模）Superfast Writing Robot Tech company has made a powerful robot that can write novels.Type in “A cat wants to go to space” and ask the robot to write a bedtime story. Just one second later, you’ll get the story of Max, who clawed his way past many difficulties to sing among the stars.This robot writer is real. It’s called ChatGPT. US company OpenAI developed it to generate (生成) human-like texts. It can translate languages, talk with people and write songs, poems and even jokes. It’s one of the most powerful AI of its kind, with the complete writing range (范围) of a real person!People around the world have tried ChatGPT and posted their results on social media. Some used it to write history papers, some asked it to take notes of presentations, and some even got advice on how to interact (互动) with people at a party, reported The Atlantic.The power of ChatGPT lies in its speed and understanding of difficult matters. We may spend hours researching, understanding and writing an article on the theory of evolution. But ChatGPT can produce a well-written one in seconds. Another good thing about it is that if you ask dark, harmful questions, such as how to make weapons (武器), it will not give you an answer. ChatGPT comes along at a time when AI is becoming increasingly able to do creative tasks. The materials they create are difficult to distinguish (区分) from those made by humans. This causes many ethical (道德的) issues, such as the issue of copyright (版权) and the real meaning of art. Since the system is largely trained using words from the internet, it can also pick up on the Internet’s biases and stereotypes (刻板印象) about certain groups. These are all the things that depend on humans to solve.30．The writer uses “the story of the cat” as an example to ________.A．show what creative work ChatGPT can doB．introduce a cat that wants to go to spaceC．introduce a series of bedtime booksD．show how many stories ChatGPT can create31．ChatGPT can do the following things except ________.A．making up human-like texts B．singing songs to peopleC．writing songs，poems and even jokes D．producing a good article in seconds32．The underlined word “biases” in Para.5 means “________”.A．印象B．傲慢C．意见D．偏见33．Which is RIGHT according to the passage?A．US company OpenAI developed ChatGPT to generate animal-like texts.B．Nobody asked ChatGPT for help about how to interact with people at a party.C．ChatGPT can spend seconds writing a good article about the theory of evolution.D．ChatGPT is so perfect that there is nothing wrong with it.34．The last paragraph is mainly about ________.A．how people will feel about writing in the futureB．what problems AI writing can causeC．the reasons why people dislike AI writingD．human efforts in developing AI writing（2023·山东泰安·统考一模）Have you ever imagined going inside of a video game? That dream may soon become real. It’s called the “metaverse（元字宙）”.The metaverse is a shared virtual（虚拟的）3D world. The word is made up of “meta”, which means beyond, and “verse” which refers to “universe”. The word first appeared in a science fiction book called Snow Crash in 1992. In this story, people wear virtual reality（VR）headsets to see and join the metaverse.Now, what happens in the book is becoming a reality. Wearing a VR headset, you can meet other people wherever they are. You also can work and play with them. It will feel real because the technology can simulate（模拟）our senses: vision, hearing, touch and even smell.“The metaverse is about creating another reality, another world, which is as rich as the real world. So, what can you do inside the metaverse? Your location will no longer matter, ” says VOA News. It means that in the metaverse, people will be connected at all times. You can meet friends from other countries and go on a virtual beach vacationtogether. You can go to the beach on the moon, or anywhere else you can imagine. Can’t find a friend to play basketball? Jump into the metaverse and find some friends to play with or go to a concert!Cathy Hackl, an expert in metaverse technology, said her son’s first concert was inside a video game. “Although it happened in a video game, it didn’t make it less real for him, ” she said.Perhaps the metaverse will change our idea of what is real.35．Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.A．how to join the metaverseB．what happened in the book Snow CrashC．where the word “metaverse” comes fromD．when the book Snow Crash came out36．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.A．VR headsets B．other people C．our senses D．video games37．What is Cathy Hackl’s attitude toward the metaverse? ________A．The technology still needs to be developed.B．It is not good for kids to join the metaverse.C．The metaverse will hardly change our lives.D．The metaverse is a different kind of reality.38．Which can be the best title for this passage? ________A．A Virtual 3 D Movie B．Metaverse Is HappeningC．Metaverse in the Books D．Snow Crash（2023·山东泰安·统考一模）Two teams of scientists in Denmark and in the United Kingdom came up with the same question at about theTesting for eDNA isn’t a new idea, but most of the time, scientists look for eDNA in water. Neither team knew that the other group was working on a similar experiment. One collected samples from different locations at Denmark’s Copenhagen Zoo, and the other did at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK. The scientists used slightly different methods to collect their samples. But basically, both teams used vacuums（真空吸尘器）and fans to collect tiny bits of DNA．In the laboratory, comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos.The scientists chose to test in zoos because they had rare animals not naturally found in the area. Each team only discovered about the other experiment after they had written a paper about their own results. The two decided to combine（合并）their results and publish a paper together.Both teams are excited about the ways this new method could be used in the wild. The researchers believe the method could help scientists a lot. Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering（干扰）with them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature.39．What can we learn about “eDNA” from the passage?A．It’s only floating in the air.B．It’s created by some researchers.C．It isn’t found in the water.D．It’s left in the environment.40．What is the RIGHT order for scientists to do the experiment?a.Collect very tiny bits of DNA from the air.b.Tell what kinds of plants and animals are in the zoos.c.Enter Denmark’s Copenhagen Zoo with vacuums and fans.pare the samples with others in the laboratory.A．a-b-d-c B．d-b-c-a C．c-a-d-b D．b-a-c-d41．Which of the following is TRUE about the two teams of scientists?A．They used quite different methods.B．They knew exactly what they were doing at first.C．They competed against each other.D．They worked together to publish a paper.42．What’s the purpose of writing the last paragraph?A．To advise scientists to use new ways to do the experiment.B．To tell us the work of both teams is meaningful.C．To mention that the method of both teams isn’t perfect.D．To call people to protect endangered animals.（2023·山东日照·校考二模）The sun is so important that it makes life on our planet possible. But how does the sun do that? It’s the sun’s energy.Energy from the sun is called solar energy（太阳能）. It comes in the form of light or heat. People have used solar energy for thousands of years. The sun’s energy can be used to heat water and even food. If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire. This type of energy from the sun is called solar thermal （热的）energy.We can also turn the sun’s light into electricity. This is done with solar panels（板）. Solar panels are made up of a material called silicon（硅）. The silicon is heated and formed into very thin wafers（晶片）. When the sunlight hits the solar panel, the electrons in the silicon move and flow through wires（电线）. Using this technology, we can run a calculator and even power cars.But what happens on cloudy days? The electrons in the silicon will stop moving, which means the electricity can’t flow. But this doesn’t mean that solar energy can only be used on sunny days. People can use the batteries（电池）which are attached to（附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be? In fact, in the last few years, solar panels have become much more affordable for people to use. Since the sun gives off more energy in one second than peoplehave used, imagine what we could do if we used the sun’s energy to power our planet.43．What is the energy from the sun?A．Solar energy.B．Wind energy.C．Magnifying glass. D．Batteries.44．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?A．How to use solar thermal energy.B．How to turn sunlight into electricity with solar panels.C．How to store electricity with batteries.D．How to power our planet.45．What can we use to power cars at night according to the 4th paragraph?A．Thin wafers.B．The moonlight.C．The stored electricity.D．Solar thermal energy.46．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A．Solar panels are made up of silicon.B．Solar energy can be used for heating food.C．People have used solar energy for thousands of years.D．It costs more to use solar energy than before.（2023·山东日照·校考二模）Think about what is happening in many families: Kids come home, jump onto the sofa, get lost in the world of the TV screen and become couch potatoes. Now, a new law is making parents take responsibility for family education to help shape their children’s future.Called the Law on Family Education Promotion（《家庭教育促进法》）, it is the first of its kind in China and came into effect on January 1st, 2022. It encourages parents and guardians to educate their children properly.The law stops parents and guardians from placing too much pressure on their children. Parents and guardians should allow children enough time to study, rest, play and exercise, and make sure they don’t become addicted（上瘾的）to the Internet. They should treat all children, whether boys or girls, healthy or disabled, the same way and should never use violence（暴力）towards children.For children of migrant workers in rural areas, they may be left alone while their parents go to work in cities. The law asks local governments to keep a close eye on such families, and help the parents get jobs locally so that they can be more responsible for their children’s education.。
