四川外国语大学211翻译硕士英语历年考研试题

2015年四川外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Word Derivation(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The 1among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：harmony）【解析】(句意：盟国间关系和睦，这对敌军而言已不是秘密。

harmony协调；和睦；融洽。

由后面的was可知，此处需要使用其单数形式。

)2.The situation there was 1. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：intolerable）【解析】(句意：那的情况令人无法忍受，我们必须立刻采取行动。

由后面"必须立刻做一些事情"可以得知前面所表达的情况是令人难以忍受的，显然was后要用形容词，所以此处应填intolerable。

)3.This is made of 1material.(resist heat)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：healt resistant）【解析】(句意：它由耐热材料制作而成。

此处显然需要一个形容词，heat resistant耐热的，耐高温的。

)4.She was a very 1 social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：observant）【解析】(句意：她是一位观察力敏锐的社会科学家，她证实除了利己主义，人类还有其它本能。

2013年四川外国语大学翻译硕士学位(MTI)复试真题：回忆版，资料不全，请见谅。

笔试：（口译和笔译的同学分别都要参加笔试，试卷内容是一样的）英翻汉：具体是关于philology的一个发展过程，具体文章没有百度到，但是似乎在什么文章上，我看过，但是不记得了。

汉翻英：一个关于重庆科技馆的介绍。

内容如下：重庆科技馆位于长江与嘉陵江交汇处的重庆江北嘴中央商务区（CBD）核心区域，于2006年1月7日奠基，2006年10月动工建设，2009年9月9日建成开馆。

该馆占地面积37亩，建筑面积4.53万平方米（其中，展览教育面积为3万平方米），总投资额5.67亿元（其中，建安工程4亿元，展示工程1.67亿元）。

重庆科技馆外观采用石材与玻璃两种材质。

外墙石材使用多种颜色交叉重叠，像坚硬的岩石，隐喻“山”；占整个外墙的60%、近10000平方米的玻璃幕墙则清澈通透，隐喻“水”。

石材的棱角分明、玻璃的透明如水，恰到好处地彰显出重庆“山水之城”的特征。

重庆科技馆以常设展览为主，临时展览为辅。

反映国内外以及重庆本地科技发展的历史和未来。

馆内计划分为生活科技、防灾科技、交通科技、国防科技、宇航科技和基础科学6个主题展厅，以及儿童乐园和工业之光2个专题展厅。

届时科技馆的展品将涵盖材料、机械、交通、军工、航空航天、微电子技术、信息通讯、计算机应用、虚拟模拟技术、生命科学、环境科学、基础科学及中国古代科学技术等多项学科领域，常设展品数目将达到440余件。

至于说口笔译的区别在哪儿，在于笔译专业的同学笔试完了过后，会抽签决定面试，面试的问题就比较多了。

需要提醒一点的是，多练习练习听力和口语，还有就是稍微得看看翻译的理论，熟知一点翻译理论，至于说问题。

基本都是扯家常什么的，比如说，（都是去年问到啦的问题）1，你本科用的是什么翻译教材？2，你有没有什么翻译实践的经验？3，你觉得翻译应该注意些什么？4，你最喜欢哪位翻译家？为什么？5，Translating和translation有什么区别?6，如果你考上研究生，你将对你两年的研究生有个什么样的规划？请详细阐述。

2015年四川外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Word Derivation(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The 1among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：harmony）【解析】(句意：盟国间关系和睦，这对敌军而言已不是秘密。

harmony协调；和睦；融洽。

由后面的was可知，此处需要使用其单数形式。

)2.The situation there was 1. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：intolerable）【解析】(句意：那的情况令人无法忍受，我们必须立刻采取行动。

由后面"必须立刻做一些事情"可以得知前面所表达的情况是令人难以忍受的，显然was后要用形容词，所以此处应填intolerable。

)3.This is made of 1material.(resist heat)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：healt resistant）【解析】(句意：它由耐热材料制作而成。

此处显然需要一个形容词，heat resistant耐热的，耐高温的。

)4.She was a very 1 social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：observant）【解析】(句意：她是一位观察力敏锐的社会科学家，她证实除了利己主义，人类还有其它本能。

2008年四川大学外国语学院211二外英语真题及详解Part One Vocabulary and Structure. Make the best choice for each blank. (1’×30=30’)1. Hardly had the minister finished his statement ______ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions.A. whenB. asC. thenD. than【答案】A【解析】句意：部长刚发表完他的声明，一些记者就举起手提出了一连串问题。

hardly…when…是固定搭配，表示“刚一……就，几乎未来得及……就”，hardly后面常跟完成时态，when后面常跟一般时态。

A正确。

2. All the members are participating in the scheme ______ a few small firms.A. exceptB. besidesC. except forD. in addition to【答案】C【解析】句意：除了一些小公司之外，所有的成员都加入了这一方案。

这四个选项都可以表示“除了”，except表示“除了，将……除外”，后面通常跟同类事物，例如：You can have anyone of these cakes except this one.表示“除了这一块蛋糕以外，你可以吃任何一块蛋糕”；besides（排斥）除……之外（还有）”；except for表示“除了，将……除外”时，后面通常跟的是整体的一部分和一方面，是对细节的修正，例如：I can answer all the questions except this one. 表示“除了最后一道题以外，我可以回答所有的题”；in addition to表示“除……之外还”，通常用于补充。

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育明教育（），创办于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学、复旦大学、中央财经大学、山东大学、南开大学、浙江大学等知名高校的博士和
硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研专业
课辅导机构。

2013年四川外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题及其解析
英语翻译基础
英译汉 15个15分
1. MLA
2. Gild the lily。

四川大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)Ⅰ1.CPI（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(居民价格消费指数(Consumer Price Index) )解析：2.SME（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(中小型企业(Small and Medium Enterprises) )解析：3.WWF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(世界野生动物基金(World Wildlife Fund) )解析：4.ISO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization) )解析：5.CIF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(到岸价格(Cost Insurance and Freight) )解析：6.Foxconn（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(富士康科技集团 )解析：7.MOFCOM（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(中华人民共和国商务部 )解析：8.TPP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement) )解析：9.IPCC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) )解析：10.Chemical Oxygen Demand（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(化学需氧量 )解析：11.the“100,000”Strong Initiative by President Obama（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(奥巴马总统十万强计划 )解析：12.carbon foot print（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(碳足迹 )解析：13.debt ceiling（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(债务上限 )解析：14.solar photovoltaics（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(太阳能光伏发电 )解析：15.Standard & Poor's（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(标准普尔 )解析：16.非关税壁垒（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Non-tariff barriers )解析：17.平板电视（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(flat television )解析：18.廉租房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(low-rent houses )解析：19.经济二次触底（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(double dip recession )解析：20.海选（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(open audition )解析：21.剩男剩女（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(leftover women and men )解析：22.地沟油（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(swill-cooked dirty oil )解析：23.潜规则（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(hidden rules )解析：24.中国载人航天计划（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(China's manned space program )解析：25.紧缩性货币政策（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(tightened monetary policy)解析：26.云计算（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(cloud computing )解析：27.民心工程（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(morale project )解析：28.智能城市（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(smart city )解析：29.《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(The Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement )解析：30.《中庸》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(The Doctrine of the Mean )解析：Ⅱ31. High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories: High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars. High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft. If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies-particularly MAGLEV—could have a significant impact on congestion in the future. When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：( 车速超过每小时150英里的高速地面交通系统技术，基本上可以分为两类：一种是最高速度每小时150英里到200英里(240～320千米)的高速铁路系统，与传统铁路一样，在钢轨上用钢轮。

2015年四川外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.N. T.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ izen（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.accumulated fund（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.a bissextile year（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.budget deficit（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.health resort（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.knowledge industry（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.GNP（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.foreign exchange control（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.FTA（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.singe one's wings（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.Daniel come to judgment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.Myanmar（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Tropic of Cancer（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.Mercedes-Benz（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 占中__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.广场舞（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.乌克兰（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.布里斯班（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.丝路基金（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.量化宽松（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.创新增长（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.阳光财政（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.落地签证（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 27.国民待遇（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 28.国事访问（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.夕阳工业（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.互联网金融（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 31.新型大国外交（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.亚太自由贸易区（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.The general use of speech is to transfer our mental discourse into verbal, or the train of our thoughts into a train of words, and that for two commodities; whereof one is the registering of the consequences of our thoughts, which being apt to slip out of our memory and put us to a new labor, may again be recalled by such words as they were marked by. So that the first use of names is to serve for marks or notes of remembrance. Another is, when many use the same words to signify, by their connexion and order one to another, what they conceive or think of each matter; and also what they desire, fear, or have any other passion for. And for this use they are called signs. Special uses of speech are these: first, to register what by cogitation we find to be the cause of anything, present or past; and what we find things present or past may produce, or effect; which, in sum, is acquiring of arts. Secondly, to show to others that knowledge which we have attained; which is to counsel and teach one another. Thirdly, to make known to others our wills and purposes, that we may have the mutual help of one another. Fourthly, to please and delight ourselves, and others, by playing with our words, for pleasure or ornament, innocently.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 36.市长王安顺高度重视APEC周的天气和空气质量。

2015年四川外国语大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析2015年四川外国语大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/30)Vocabulary第1题The______among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)下一题(2/30)Vocabulary第2题The situation there was______. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)上一题下一题(3/30)Vocabulary第3题This is made of______material.(resist heat)上一题下一题(4/30)Vocabulary第4题She was a very ______ social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe) 上一题下一题(5/30)Vocabulary第5题You can live longest and best and most______by attaining and preserving the happiness of learning.(reward)上一题下一题(6/30)Vocabulary第6题You think I′m joking? No! I′m in dead______.(earn)(7/30)Vocabulary第7题Many times he demonstrated his______to other cops.(fear)上一题下一题(8/30)Vocabulary第8题In modern society, workers are in danger of being______. They become extension of the machine.(human)上一题下一题(9/30)Vocabulary第9题______, most of these students studying overseas will come back eventually instead of settling down there permanently.(presume)上一题下一题(10/30)Vocabulary第10题Nobody knows for sure how much these free official banquets have cost the people, but it musthave reached on______figure.(astronomy)上一题下一题(11/30)Vocabulary第11题The emotional strain of attending his dying mother______all his strength.A.sappedB.depletedC.enervatedD.enfeebled(12/30)Vocabulary第12题The social worker claimed that it was impossible for the old man to live on his______pension.A.inadequateB.insufficientC.meagerD.skimpy上一题下一题(13/30)Vocabulary第13题The mystic found it hard, if not impossible, to______his philosophic position.A.stateB.verbalize/doc/e5696360.html,municateD.deliver上一题下一题(14/30)Vocabulary第14题Literary magazines give $ 200______for critical articles from people who want to make a name for themselves in this field.A.emolumentB.remunerationC.stipendD.honorariums上一题下一题(15/30)Vocabulary第15题He displayed______ignorance in handling what was an only routine personnel problem.A.opprobriousB.deplorableC.culpableD.regrettable上一题下一题(16/30)VocabularyEuropeans______the indigenous Indian population they met with.A.supplantedB.displacedC.rectifiedD.renovated上一题下一题(17/30)Vocabulary第17题Disappointment followed his hopes of______after the costly operation.A.rejuvenescenceB.renascenceC.rejuvenationD.recrudescence上一题下一题(18/30)Vocabulary第18题He attempts to______the truth by appealing to dishonest, ignorant and irresponsible bigotry.A.vitiateB.adulterateC.contaminateD.pervert上一题下一题(19/30)Vocabulary第19题The typical ______professor was rapt in solving an equation while crossing against a red light.A.inattentiveB.abstractedC.absent-mindedD.oblivious上一题下一题(20/30)Vocabulary第20题A newly independent colony was plunged into ______ by warring factions and a lack of central leadership.A.riotB.anarchyC.disorderD.disturbance上一题下一题(21/30)Vocabulary第21题______parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.B.AnxiousC.FretfulD.Farsighted上一题下一题(22/30)Vocabulary第22题G. B Shaw wondered how parents could wait until their anger cooled in order to ______ their children in cold blood.A.flogB.spankC.thrashD.scourge上一题下一题(23/30)Vocabulary第23题A______smile that in the next minute turned into an embarrassed blush.A.winsomeB.blitheC.cherryD.sunny上一题下一题(24/30)Vocabulary第24题The judge′s ruling that political beliefs of the accuse d were______to the question of his guilt.A.extrinsicB.superfluousC.inessentialD.immaterial上一题下一题(25/30)Vocabulary第25题A corrupt public official was______by colleagues afraid of inquires into their own affairs.A.palliatedB.glossed overC.whitewashedD.extenuated上一题下一题(26/30)Vocabulary第26题"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it," wrote Oscar Wilde, a composer of brilliant______.A.mottosB.aphorismsD.epigrams上一题下一题(27/30)Vocabulary第27题The manager______a clerk whose clumsiness was responsible for the complete breakdown of operations in his department.A.rebukedB.admonishedC.reprimandedD.reproached上一题下一题(28/30)Vocabulary第28题They______the mounting evidence of discrepancies in the report as justifying a new investigation.A.beckonedB.invokedC.subpoenaedD.conjured上一题下一题(29/30)Vocabulary第29题According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip ______ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around.A.frankincenseB.fragmentsC.fracturesD.fraction上一题下一题(30/30)Vocabulary第30题A steady flow of the ______weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.A.covetousB.covetedC.covetingD.covet上一题下一题(31~35/共40题)Reading ComprehensionChris Hrapko isn′t afraid of tough conversations. As the founder of a nonprofit social-service agency, she battles bureaucracies on behalf of the homeless and the working poor. But there is one conversation Hrapko avoided. When her 92-year-old mother fell and broke her hip earlier。

翻译硕士英语考试科目：211翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语口译（MTI）、英语笔译（MTI）（试题共14页）（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. The forests were very dry because of the dry spell.A. tree lineB. explorersC. draftD. drought2. Self-denial is one of their tenets.A. reasonsB. doctrinesC. rentersD. figures3. The Iranians did not see eye to eye with the Americans about releasing the hostages.A. viewB. scareC. agreeD. quarrel4. The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzlingB. difficultC. terrifyingD. urgent5. The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American company to manufacture porcelain.A. silverwareB. crystalC. chinaD. linen6. Children who come from deprived families are frequently poor readers.A. without respectB. without experienceC. without fundsD. without legs7. They raised a hue and cry just outside the gate.A. surrenderedB. built a temporary shelterC. made a great deal of noiseD. flew the flag8. Carlo showed us his diagram if the machine.A. insidesB. screwsC. sketchD. masterpiece9. The beggar solicited passers-by for money.A. requestedB. scowled atC. bargained withD. chased10. He took on so much work, he had no time for pleasure.A. allowedB. increasedC. accomplishedD. assumed11. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _________realityA. what it is conceivedB. that is conceivedC. what is conceived to beD. that is being conceived of12. Using many symbols makes _______ to put a large amount of information on a single map.A. possibleB. it is possibleC. it possibleD. that possible13. A vacuum tube is a glass tube from which most of the air has been removed, _______ an almost complete vacuum.A. creatingB. createsC. is creatingD. it creates14. Booker T. Washington, acclaimed as a leading educator at the turn of the century, _____ of a school that later became the Tuskegee Institute.A. took chargeB. taking chargeC. charge was takenD. taken charge15. True hibernation takes place only among _______ animals.A. whose blood is warmB. blood warmC. warm-bloodedD. they have warm blood16. In central Georgia, archaeological evidence indicates that Native Americans first inhabited the area________.A. since thirteen centuriesB. thirteen centuries agoC. the previous thirteen centuriesD. thirteen centuries were before17. In ________, the advent of the telephone, radio, and television has made rapid long-distance communication possible.A. one hundred years laterB. one hundred years agoC. the one hundred years sinceD. the last one hundred years18. ________, The Yearling, won a Pulitzer Prize.A. Marjorie Rawlings’best work wasB. Marjorie Rawlings’best workC. Her best work was Marjorie Rawlings’D. That Marjorie Rawlings’best work19. Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, ________ or not.A. whether the artist being aware of itB. the artist is being aware whetherC. whether the artist is aware of itD. the artist is aware whether20. Not until 1931 ________ the official anthem of the United StatesA. “The Star-spangled Banner”did becomeB. when “The Star-spangled Banner”becameC. did “The Star-Spangle Banner”becomeD. became “The Star-spangled Banner”II. Reading comprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AJustice and injustice in criminal adjudication are more than abstract concept; in modern America each term conjures up its own paradigm image. Justice occurs in a somber courtroom where a robber reaches a legal decision. Injustice is a bloodthirsty mob bearing lit torches, intimidating on the doors of the jail desperate to wreak revenge upon the suspected wrongdoer held within.This image of injustice provides many normative insights. One that courts have frequently drawn is that in criminal adjudication emotion is unalterably opposed to reason and thus to justice itself. Taking this principle a step farther, courts have urged that the more a legal issue might provoke popular rage, the harder courts must work to insulate the legal decision from emotive influence. The classic example is capital sentencing, an occasion which evokes strong emotions. Here the Supreme Court has worked to ensure that “any decision to impose the death sentence be, and appear to be, based on reason rather than caprice or emotion”. The Court has, over a period of years, undertaken an extensive regulatory project aimed at suppressing emotive influence in capital cases by mandating rationalistic ruled to guide sentencing. This insistence upon the injustice of all emotion stems from a misconception of emotion and its influence upon criminal punishment. Although the mob at jail scene illustrates that anger can lead to injustice, it does not support the proposition that all decisions influenced by anger are morally tainted. Anger can be justified and have moral decision making is complex; untangling it involved a close examination of emotion than the law has generally undertaken.This has obvious significance for criminal law as a form of social concord. But it is also important or its alleged role as a restraint on power. Criminal law does little or nothing to restrict the efforts of the various professionals now responsible for preventing and reshaping deviant behavior. Rather it is them who have colonized its territory, as in the welfare of the professional authority that legitimates them and because they enter into the enabling role of the state as dispenser of benefits. This is to say nothing of other forms of market and bureaucratic power and social control exercised by groups other than government. Under these conditions the alleged protections of the criminal law seem premised on a nineteenth century view of the state and society; those interested in the law in the twentieth century must look to the potential of administrative law rather than to criminal law. Either way critical writers would be wasting their time here.Whilst there is a lot of truth in this picture of the declining importance of criminal law, it issensible not to exaggerate its loss of functions. From a critical point of view it would seem to retain a crucial ideological significance as being the form of closet touch with public. It is hard to credit the idea that these central liberal (bourgeois) notions have been displaced by the newer disciplines and strategies.1.The reason for the insulation of emotions in criminal adjudication is due to_______.A. the severity of the possible punishmentB. the social concern for the adjudicationC. the Supreme Court decisionD. the ideal of keeping order2. According to the author’s opinion, the origination of the insistence upon the injustice of all emotion is __________.A. that emotion is inevitably against reason and justiceB. the misunderstanding of emotion and its influenceC. the courts’hard work to prevent the legal decision from emotive influenceD. that the death sentence was based on reason through suppressing emotive influence3. Regards to the role of anger in adjudication, which statement is INCORRECT?A. Only part of the decisions is influenced by anger, though it can bring biases.B. Though moral decision-making is complex, anger can be justifiedC. Some decisions influenced by anger can be morally taintedD. Because of anger, moral decision-making is quite complicated4. The declining importance of criminal law is a consequence of ___________.A. the loss of importance of criminal law and increase of interest in government as a benefit dispenserB. the exaggeration of the importance of criminal law and decrease of interest in government affairsC. the new trend in legal studiesD. the new ideas pouring out in the administrative law field5. The review is primarily ___________.A. dubiousB. objectiveC. partialD. criticalPassage BThe Eskimos believe that a human being is made up of a body, a soul, and a name, and it not complete unless it has all three. This belief has a great effect on the Eskimo’s daily life and runs like a golden thread through the Eskimo culture.As for the soul of man, the Eskimos do not claim to know exactly what it is—but then, who does? They see it, however, as the beginning of life, the initiator of all activities within a being, and the energy without which life cannot continue.An Eskimo’s name is believed to have a life of its own. It combines all the good qualities and talents of all the persons who have been called by it. One may imagine it as a procession ofancestors stretching into the dim past and surrounding the present bearer of the name with a sort of magic protective aura.Many Eskimos believe that a newborn baby cries because it wants its name and will not be complete until it gets it. Immediately after a birth the angakok (medicine man) or some wise elders of the tribe gather to name the child. The name that is selected must be the name of someone who has died recently. The choice may in some cases call for much conjuring and soothsaying, and in other cases be self-evident. When my son was born, everyone realized that it was his great-grandfather, Mequsaq, who had died a few months before, who had been reborn in him. The newborn infant had a slight squint in the very same eye that old Mequsaq had lost to the cannibals in Baffin Land. This was taken as a sign from the name spirit that the baby should be called Mequsaq.When, in 1927, I returned to Thule for a visit, I found that no fewer than five little girls had been named Navarana after my dear late wife. So great was the confidence in Navarana’s ability and character that there was believed to be enough for all five children. It was thus a beautiful and touching memorial to her, though a slightly expensive one for me, since I had to give all the little girls presents.More often he newborn child was given several names, so as to have the highest possible protection, and certain names became great favorites. Calling so many by the same name was often very confusing. This custom was continued in Christianized Greenland. In the little settlement of Kook, in the Upernavik district, all five hunters were called Gaba (after the archangel Gabriel). I was told that some years before, a great man called Gaba had died, and after his death several unmistakable signs indicated that his spirit was still active. To please the spirit, many boy babies were named after it. In order to distinguish between them they called them “fat Gaba,”“Little Gaba,”etc.A Polar Eskimo would never mention himself by name. Doing so could break the name’s magic protection. And since the ever jealous spirits are always listening, it could cause great trouble. It seemed strange to me in the beginning, when I met somebody in the dark of winter, that I was never able to get any information other than “Oanga”(it is I). Finally I learned to know them all by their voices.The Eskimo people believe also in the magic protective power of amulets, However, it isn’t the amulet itself that protects from harm—it is the properties that the amulet possesses. It is almost always the boys and the men who are given amulets, for they are the ones who expose themselves to all the dangers of nature while the women stay at home. When a girl is given amulets, it is usually to insure that she have strong sons. Great care goes into the selection of amulets. My wife Navarana carried a little ball of polished wood with her always. Wood cannot feel pain, and possession of it means great wealth; thus it is thought that a wooden amulet can insure the owner a rich and painless life.One of the most popular amulets is the foot of a raven, which is put on a string around the necks of newborn babies. This is believed to be a very valuable charm because no bird can get along under as hard conditions as does the raven. The raven finds food where other animals starve to death—it can live on almost nothing.At the end of my first walrus hunt at Thule, Ayorsalik, one of the hunters, decided that raven meat was to be eaten in my honor. The purpose of the raven feast, he said, was to make sure that the good luck I had had that morning would continue indefinitely.Two of the younger men shot three ravens that had been hovering expectantly near our campfire. Ayorsalik out the pot on to boil, and the ravens were skinned and cooked.Their taste was revolting, and later I ate that bird only in times of great hunger. On this occasion Ayorsalik handed me all three hearts and livers with his fingers; they went down, but they almost came up again. I don’t know whether this ritual had any effect. But later on, whenever I had sizable game, Ayorsalik claimed I would lose the ravens’power if I were not to share with him.Another interesting custom of the Eskimos is their ceremony of reverence for ancestors. On the rock of Agpat, near Thule, where the burial ground was, both men and women would sit for hour after hour in quiet meditation. Dressed in their finest clothing, they would stare out over the horizon without moving. They believed that during this stillness they received the wisdomof their ancestors. It is the nearest thing to religious devotion I have seen among them, and it is, I think, the most beautiful form of worship I have ever seen.To the Eskimo, nature is full of evil spirits ready to work ill if a sin or breach of taboo is committed. When a tribe is afflicted with sickness or bad weather or starvation, it is up to the angakok to find out how the people, knowingly or unknowingly, have offended the spirits. He can summon his helping spirits, he can travel to the underworld, under the sea, and through rocks, and thus find out where the trouble is.Essentially, angakoks are people who are experienced in the state of trance. I have often observed even the people serving in our house at Thule in a state of trance, sometimes for days on end. To understand the Eskimos, it is necessary to remember the long depressing winter with its black darkness and its aura of lurking evil, and the summer with its perpetual sunshine that wearies the mind and confuses the senses. Every fall we had a veritable epidemic of evil spirits along with the storms and the darkness of winter setting in. There was always panic at this time.The Eskimos know no benevolent god. They believe that the spirits of the angakoks and the protective spells of names and amulets are their only defense against a cold and hostile land.6. If asked “Who is it?”an Eskimo would answer only “It is I,”because______.[A] he would not want anyone to know who he was[B] if he said his own name he would break its spell[C] he did not know his actual name[D] Both A and B.7. There is evidence in the passage that the author’s wife had______.[A] won the Eskimos’approval during several visits[B] many names[C] been accepted by the Eskimos only because of their love for her husband.[D] been an Eskimo herself8. According to the passage, Eskimos depend most heavily on______.[A] evil spirits[B] charms and magic[C] a helpful god[D] nature9. The word “revolting”in paragraph 12 means______.[A] shocking[B] rebellious[C] nauseating[D] wicked10. The Eskimo believed that sitting quietly near their buried ancestors_______.[A] was the best way to express faith in God[B] helped the hunters to find food[C] gave them the wisdom of their ancestors[D] was the best way to pay tribute to the dead.Section 2 Answering questions (20’)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions 1～3What do we mean by leisure, and why should we assume that it represents a problem to be solved by the arts? The great ages of art were not conspicuous for their leisure-at least, art was not an activity associated with leisure. It was a craft like any other, concerned with the making of necessary things. Leisure, in the present meaning of the word, did not exist. Leisure, before the Industrial Revolution meant no more than “time”or “opportunity”; “If your leisure serv'd, I would speak with you”, says one of Shakespeare's characters. Phrases which we still use, such as “at your leisure”, preserve this original meaning.But when we speak of leisure nowadays, we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something; time is heavy on our hands, and the problem is how to fill it. Leisure no longer signifies a space with some difficulty secured against the pressure of events: rather it is a pervasive emptiness for which we must invent occupations-Leisure is a vacuum, a desperate state of vacancy--a vacancy of mind and body. It has been commandeered by the sociologists and the psychologists: it is a problem.Our diurnal existence is divided into two phases, as distinct as day and night. We callthem work and play. We work so many hours a day, and, when we have allowed the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping, the rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive entertainment or entertainment--not football but watching football matches; not acting, but theatre-going; not walking, but riding in a motor coach.We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but, equally, between active play and passive entertainment. It is, I suppose, the decline of active play —of amateur sport—and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which has given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater part of the popu1ation, instead of indulging in sport, spend their hours of leisure ‘viewing' television programmes, there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique. And, in addition, there will be a psychologicalproblem, for we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of a prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen. There is, if we are optimistic, the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or imagination of those who see them: few people can give a coherent account of the film they saw the week before last, and at longer intervals they must rely on the management to see that they do not sit through the same film twice.We have to live art if we would be affected by art. We have to paint rather than look at paintings, to play instruments rather than go to concerts, to dance and sing and act ourselves, engaging all our senses in the ritual and discipline of the arts. Then something may begin to happen to us: to work upon our bodies and our souls.It is only when entertainment is active, participated in, practiced, that it can properly be called play, and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work. It is there that the most fundamental error enters conception of daily life.Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living: to earn, that is to say, sufficient tokens which we can exchange for food and shelter and all the other needs of our existence. But some of us work physically, tilling the land, minding the machines, digging the coal; others work mentally, keeping accounts, inventing machines, teaching and preaching, managing and governing. There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations, except that they consume our time, and leave us little leisure.We may next observe that one man's profession or work is often another man’s recreation or play. The merchant at the week-end becomes a hunter (he has not yet taken to mining); the clerk becomes a gardener; the machine-tender becomes a breeder of bull—terriers. There is, of course, a sound instinct behind such transformations. The body and mind are unconsciously seeking compensation--muscular coordination, mental integration. But in many cases a dissociation is set up and the individual leads a double life--one half Jekyll, the other half Hyde. There is a profound moral behind that story of Stevenson's for the compensation which a disintegrated personality may seek will often be of an anti-social nature. The Nazi party, for example, in its early days was largely recruited from the bored--not much from the unemployed as from the street-corner society of listless hooligansScientific studies have been made of street-corner society, out of which crime, gangsterdom, and fascism inevitably develop. It is a society with leisure--that is to say, spare time--and without compensatory occupation. It does not need a Satan to find mischief for such idle hands to do. They will spontaneously itch to do something: muscles have a life of their own unless they are trained to purposeful actions. Actions, or rather activities, are the obvious reflex to leisure; they consume it, and leave the problem solved.But work is also activity, and if we reach the conclusion that all our time must be filled with one activity or another, the distinction between work and play becomes rather meaningless, and what we mean by play is merely a change of occupation. We pass from one form of activity to another; one we call work, and for that we receive pay; the other we call play, and for that we receive no pay--on the contrary, we probably pay a subscription.1. The author points out two kinds of danger that may arise from the misuse of leisure. One of them is the result of purely passive entertainment; the other results when work and play are not properly coordinated What are the two dangers? Which of them is particularly harmful to society?2. The author says that most films are not good enough to leave a permanent impression on our minds. Is this, in his opinion, a good thing or a bad thing? In what way?3. What, in the author’s opinion, is the real difference between work and play? Or is there no difference at all between them? .Questions 4～5History tells us that in ancient Babylon, the cradle of our civilization, the people tried to build a tower that would reach to heaven. But the tower became the tower of Babel, according to the Old Testament, when the people were suddenly caused to speak different languages. In modern New York City, a new tower, that of the United Nations Building, thrusts its shining mass skyward. But the realization of the UN’s aspirations—and with it the hopes of the peoples of the world—is threatened by our contemporary Babel: about three thousand different languages are spoken throughout the world today, without counting the various dialects that confound communication between peoples of the same land.In China, for example, hundreds of different dialects are spoken; people of some villages have trouble passing the time of day with the inhabitants of the next town. In the new African state of Ghana, five million people speak fifty different dialects. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, of which only fourteen are recognized as official. To add to the confusion, as the old established empires are broken up and new states are formed, new official tongues spring up at an increasing rate.In a world made smaller by jet travel, man is still isolated from many of his neighbors by the Babel barrier of multiplying languages. Communication is blocked daily in scores of ways. Travelers find it difficult to know the peoples of other nations. Scientists are often unable to read and benefit from the work being carried on by men of science in other countries. The aims of international trade, of world accord, of meetings between nations, are blocked at every turn; the work of scholars, technologists, and humanists is handicapped. Even in the shining new tower of the United Nations in New York, speeches and discussions have to be translated and printed in the five official UN languages—English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Confusion, delay, suspicion, and hard feelings are the products of the diplomatic Babel.The chances for world unity are lessened if in the literal sense of the phrase, we do not speak the same language. We stand in dire need of a common tongue a language that would cross national barriers, one simple enough to be universally learned by travelers, businessmen, government representatives, scholars, and even by children in school.Of course, this isn’t a new idea. Just as everyone is against sin, so everyone is for a common language that would further communication between nations. What with one thing and another —our natural state of drift as human beings, our rivalries, resentments, and jealousies as nations —we have up until now failed to take any action. I propose that we stop just talking about it, as Mark Twain said of the weather, and do something about it. We must make the concerted, massive effort it takes to reach agreement on the adoption of a single, common auxiliary tongue. Let’s take a quick look at the realities of the problem. One of the main barriers to the adoption of the common language is the fact that there is Babel even among the possible languages we canchoose. A number of different simplified languages vie for the spot of the language, and their respective advocates defend and attack with the fervor of political campaigners. Basic English, for example, with its vocabulary of only 850 words with which virtually anything can be expressed, has many advocates. But the Soviet Union and many nations of Asia and South America object to it. Why English? They ask. Why not Basic Russian, Basic Spanish, even Basic Latin?In addition to the “basics”of languages now in use, there is another type—the so-called “constructed languages,”of which some six hundred have made their appearance since the end of the nineteenth century, most of them almost immediate failures. The two best-known survivors among them are, of course, Esperanto and Interlingua.Esperanto was published in 1887 by a Russian-Polish physician names Zamenhof, who had worked on it for ten years. He gave it to the world not under his own name but under the pseudonym Doktoro Esperanto, meaning “Doctor Hopeful.”Esperanto is based on regularity and ease of grammar, with a vocabulary from Roman-Germanic roots. By the end of the century Esperanto had taken hold in western Europe.Interlingua made its appearance much later—in 1951. A group of linguists from many nations took nearly thirty years to perfect it. Essentially, Interlingua is Latin stripped of its difficulties. Its introducer, Dr. Alexander Gode, refers to it as “a kind of twentieth century kitchen Latin.”Indeed, Interlingua can be read by most college-trained people almost at sight.I do not by any means consider myself an authority on the relative merits of the various proposed common languages, but Dr. Mario Pei, of Columbia University in New York City, has written a fine book on the subject called One Language for the World. In this book Dr. Pei says he believes that it makes little difference which language or what kind of language becomes the international language, as long as agreement can be reached among the people of the world on any one.For my own part, it seems to me that the main requirement of an international language is that it be easily learned. Thus it should have the simplest possible spelling and grammar and pronunciation, and the smallest possible vocabulary. An adult should be able to master such a language within three months if he gives several hours a day to the study of it.What can be done concretely to achieve the goal of a working common language? I believe that the UNESCO arm of the United Nations should call a meeting of leading linguists from each of its member nations. (This would include most of the major populated areas of the world.) As Dr. Pei recommends, the purpose of the conference would be to select an already existing language agreeable to a preponderance of the nations represented. Such an agreement won’t come without determined effort: it may take more than one conference to reach agreement; it may take many more. The important thing is that some positive action be taken.Such a conference should be called without further delay; we are sorely in need of this first step. Only with an international language in use, with the proceedings of the UN published in it, with children in schools all over the world learning it as their second language, can we close the gap between the “one world”so recently established in terms of travel time and the one world we hope for in terms of human understanding and co-operations.Because I believe strongly that without the closing of this gap international accord is only a vain hope, I’ve taken it upon myself to try to implement this proposal. Since it is most unlikely that either UNESCO or the nations involved have funds to finance the linguists’conference, I think that one of the great philanthropic foundations, such as the Ford, Carnegie, or Rockefeller Foundation, should undertake to make it possible.。