英国文学乔叟时期ppt
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罗经国英国文学选读(上)乔叟
MEDIEVAL LITERATURE (CONTINUED) — CHAUCER (1340?—1400)
1.
Chaucer: some basic facts
2.
Chaucer’s masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales
1) 2)
Overview; Structure;
2019/3/15
12
CANTERBURY TALES:
AN OVERVIEW
One day in April, the poet comes to the Tabard Inn in the southern suburb of London. By nightfall, 29 pilgrims arrive at the inn and they get ready to go to Canterbury. Harry Bailey, the host of the Tabard Inn, proposes that each pilgrim should tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back. The best story-teller is to be given a free supper, at the cost of all the rest. The host offers to go with them as their judge and guide. According to the plan, there should be 120 stories, but actually 24 tales are finished.
杰弗雷乔叟
参考资料 1 斗南编著,历史文化常识全知道[M],中国华侨出版社,2015.01,第445页 2 《坎特伯雷故事集》的 结构分析 ．知网空间．2012[引用日期2020-02-02] 3 论乔叟人文主义思想的形成 王莹章 《徐州师范大学学报 (哲学社会科学版)》 -2000年1期 4 王守仁．英国文学选读：高等教育出版社，2001年9月：1-1 5 王翠.试析乔 叟的人文主义思想及其表现[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版).1997年04期 6 从《坎特伯雷故事》看乔叟婚姻伦理观 的矛盾性 马晓敏， 2011 - 华中师范大学：比较文学与世界文学 7 乔叟的梦幻诗和欧洲中世纪梦幻文学传统 刘进， Liu Jin - 《外国文学研究》- 2005年6期 8 乔叟对英国文学的贡献 肖明翰《外国文学评论》 -2001年4期 9 肖明 翰著,英语文学传统之形成：中世纪英语文学研究 下[M],社会科学文献出版社,2009.10,第503页 10 常耀信主编, 英国文学通史 第一卷[M],南开大学出版社,2013.05,第130页 11 王芸主编,文学知识手册,河南大学出版 社,1994.10,第542页 展开全部 收起
乔叟是第一个突出地运用独白来塑造人物的作家，这种手法的绝妙之处在于不是由人物直接说出自己是什么 样的人，而是让他在独自中往往不知不觉地把自己的本质、性格戏剧性地暴露出来。比如，卖赎罪券教士的卑劣 主要不在于他说出了自己是如何贪婪与无耻，而更在于他对此津津乐道。他不是在悔罪，而是在宣扬。
乔叟不仅创造了戏剧性独白，而且为英国文学引进了许多其它文学体裁。《坎特伯雷故事》堪称文学体裁的 宝库。虽然乔叟的故事集里只有21个完整的故事和另外一些未完成的片段，它们却包括了当时欧洲的大多数文学 体裁，如骑士故事、市井故事、悲剧故事、喜剧故事、传奇、圣徒传、历史传说、宗教奇迹故事、动物寓言、宗 教寓意故事、布道词等等。乔叟把悲剧故事体裁引入英国文学尤其具有特殊意义。
乔叟是第一个突出地运用独白来塑造人物的作家，这种手法的绝妙之处在于不是由人物直接说出自己是什么 样的人，而是让他在独自中往往不知不觉地把自己的本质、性格戏剧性地暴露出来。比如，卖赎罪券教士的卑劣 主要不在于他说出了自己是如何贪婪与无耻，而更在于他对此津津乐道。他不是在悔罪，而是在宣扬。
乔叟不仅创造了戏剧性独白，而且为英国文学引进了许多其它文学体裁。《坎特伯雷故事》堪称文学体裁的 宝库。虽然乔叟的故事集里只有21个完整的故事和另外一些未完成的片段，它们却包括了当时欧洲的大多数文学 体裁，如骑士故事、市井故事、悲剧故事、喜剧故事、传奇、圣徒传、历史传说、宗教奇迹故事、动物寓言、宗 教寓意故事、布道词等等。乔叟把悲剧故事体裁引入英国文学尤其具有特殊意义。
《英国绅士文化》PPT课件
这位《指环王》中甘道夫的扮演者年近 七十岁，因其对英国文化的传播拿到了 大不列颠最高，当他 一身白袍，手持魔杖，施展出强大的力量 和神奇的魔法时，你不得不被这个近乎完 美的巫师所折服。这就是魔幻世界里的英 伦绅士伊恩·麦凯伦。
麦凯伦身上的英伦气 质和绅士风度也吸引 了一大群粉丝为之着 迷。 70岁，对他来说 依旧是演艺事业的黄 金年龄，我们不得不 惊叹 。
1979年，麦凯伦获得了英帝国统帅奖 (Commander of the British Empire)。除了繁 忙的演出外，他还是许多剧团和艺术组织的成员， 并长期担任牛津大学当代戏剧学教授。
1981年，麦凯伦来到纽约百老汇，在彼得-谢费 的舞台剧《莫扎特》('Amadeus')中主演平庸无 才而又妒贤嫉能的萨里利，淋漓尽致而又恰到妙 处的表演使他获得了舞台剧的最高奖项----托尼奖， 在国际戏剧界赢得了崇高声誉。
do not speak loudly do not lose your temper .” T
Questions
1.During which century the number of gentlemen is limited?
A15 B16 C17
D18
2.Who put forward “gentleman education”?
A杜威 B洛克 C夸美纽斯 D孟德斯鸠
3.”Always be polite ,do not curse
1973年，伊恩-麦凯伦在爱丁堡戏剧节上因主演 莎士比亚的《李尔王》(‘King Lear’)而获得杰出 表演奖。
1974年，应导师的邀请，他加入了皇家莎士比亚 剧团，出演了《浮士德博士》(‘Dr. Faustus’)和 莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(“Romeo & Juliet”)等剧。在此期间，他获得了英国戏剧界 多项嘉奖，其中包括最显赫的劳伦斯-奥立佛最佳 演员奖，并被称为继奥立佛之后最出色的莎士比 亚戏剧演员。
英国文学Lecture 2 (乔叟)
5) In 1359-1360, went to France with Edward III's army during the Hundred Years' War (13371453). 6) Got married in 1366 7) Went abroad several times for diplomatic and commercial missions. 8) especially in Italy, he met Boccaccio and Petrarch in 137273, much influenced by the Italian humanists, such as Dante.
When in April the sweet showers fall And pierce the drought of March to the root and all The vein are bathed in liquor of such power As brings about the engendering of the flower; When also Zephyrus with his sweet breath, Exhales an air in every grove and heath, Upon the tender shoots, and the young sun His half-course in the sign of the Ram has run, And the small fowl are making melody That sleep away the night with open eye (So Nature pricks them and their heart engages) Then people long to go on pilgrimage (modern translation)
Lecture 2(2) chaucer英国早期文学家乔叟的相关知识
Romance: a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th-15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denotes any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry and courtly love.
Life & Literary Influence of Chaucer
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
→ page, diplomat (Petrarch,Boccaccio, Dante), comptroller, parliament, clerk of Windsor, pension → “The Poet’ s Corner” in Westminster Abby → Phases of Chaucer’s literary life 1)1355-1372, French period—translator: The Romance
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
Historical Overview ¤ In 1154, Normans' conquest ended ¤1154-1485, Henry II, the Plantagenet's ¤1338-1453, the War of 100-year ¤1348-1449, the Black Death ¤1455-1485, The War of Roses ¤ In 1485, Henry VII, the Tudor---the end of the feudalism
约翰弥尔顿(JohnMilton)PPT课件
9日，生于伦敦一个富裕的清教徒家 庭。父亲约翰·弥尔顿（1562 - 1647）约在1583年 搬到伦敦，此后与Sarah Jeffrey(1572 - 1637)弥 尔顿的母亲结婚，其父在文学等艺术上都颇有造诣。 弥尔顿1622年进入圣保罗学校。
剑桥岁月
1625年进入剑桥大学，作为一个才华横溢的学 者，弥尔顿在剑桥大学的克莱斯特学院完成他的学 士学位和1632年硕士学位后，便开始专心于诗歌 写作。
响，出版许可制度在半个世纪后才在英国叫停。不过， 由于美国独立战争和法国大革命，弥尔顿的思想逐渐被 世人认识并受到推崇。《论出版自由》被译为多种文字， 流传开来。
8
影响及评价
弥尔顿首先是一位文学家，在诗歌创作上有杰出贡献。
同时，作为一位思想家，他的《论出版自由》成为言 论出版史上自由主义的里程碑，和后来密尔的《论自 由》一道，被视为报刊出版自由理论的经典文献。但 需要说明的是，《论出版自由》1644年获许出版，流 传不广，影响不大，直到1778年才第一次再版。不过， 由于美国独立战争和法国大革命，弥尔顿的思想逐渐 被世人认识并受到推崇。《论出版自由》被译为多种 文字，流传开来。由此确立的言论自由基石：“观点 的自由市场”和“真理的自我修正”影响一直持续至 今。
但“但弥尔顿本人就是一名书报检查官，对那些发表
他不能容忍的主张之人进行镇压。”
9
代表作品一览
《酒神之假面舞会》（the masque Comus，1634 年）
《论出版自由》（Areopagitica：A Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing,1644年）
And that one talent which is death to hide,
剑桥岁月
1625年进入剑桥大学，作为一个才华横溢的学 者，弥尔顿在剑桥大学的克莱斯特学院完成他的学 士学位和1632年硕士学位后，便开始专心于诗歌 写作。
响，出版许可制度在半个世纪后才在英国叫停。不过， 由于美国独立战争和法国大革命，弥尔顿的思想逐渐被 世人认识并受到推崇。《论出版自由》被译为多种文字， 流传开来。
8
影响及评价
弥尔顿首先是一位文学家，在诗歌创作上有杰出贡献。
同时，作为一位思想家，他的《论出版自由》成为言 论出版史上自由主义的里程碑，和后来密尔的《论自 由》一道，被视为报刊出版自由理论的经典文献。但 需要说明的是，《论出版自由》1644年获许出版，流 传不广，影响不大，直到1778年才第一次再版。不过， 由于美国独立战争和法国大革命，弥尔顿的思想逐渐 被世人认识并受到推崇。《论出版自由》被译为多种 文字，流传开来。由此确立的言论自由基石：“观点 的自由市场”和“真理的自我修正”影响一直持续至 今。
但“但弥尔顿本人就是一名书报检查官，对那些发表
他不能容忍的主张之人进行镇压。”
9
代表作品一览
《酒神之假面舞会》（the masque Comus，1634 年）
《论出版自由》（Areopagitica：A Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing,1644年）
And that one talent which is death to hide,
乔叟
8/6/2013 长春大学光华学院 陈春田
Geoffrey Chaucer
从公元7世纪开始算起，到文艺复兴前夕， 英语已经存在700年了。但是直到那时，它 依然是民间的一种俗语，而且很不规范。 乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）是历史上第一个 用英语进行文学创作的人，他对英语的形 成和发展起到了巨大的贡献，被公认为第 一个英语文学家、英语文学的开创者。
8/6/2013 长春大学光华学院 陈春田
《坎特伯雷故事集》
《坎特伯雷故事集》开始创作于1385年，到 乔叟死的时候（1399年）都没有写完。它 的内容是一群来自社会各个阶层的香客要 去坎特伯雷（英国基督教中心）朝圣，一 路上每个人讲一个故事，现存共24个故事。
8/6/2013
长春大学光华学院
陈春田
8/6/2013
长春大学光华学院
陈春田
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer’s work has often been regarded as the effective starting point of English literature. (Longman Companion to English Literature 1977)
8/6/2013
长春大学光华学院
陈春田
Modern English
• Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, completed in roughly 1550.
8/6/2013 长春大学光华学院 陈春田
• Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, 1836,《公爵夫人之书》； the House of Fame,1374—1384《声誉之堂》；the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, 1380—1385，《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》 he is best loved today for The Canterbury Tales， 1386—1400, 《坎特伯雷故事》 . Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.
Geoffrey Chaucer
从公元7世纪开始算起，到文艺复兴前夕， 英语已经存在700年了。但是直到那时，它 依然是民间的一种俗语，而且很不规范。 乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）是历史上第一个 用英语进行文学创作的人，他对英语的形 成和发展起到了巨大的贡献，被公认为第 一个英语文学家、英语文学的开创者。
8/6/2013 长春大学光华学院 陈春田
《坎特伯雷故事集》
《坎特伯雷故事集》开始创作于1385年，到 乔叟死的时候（1399年）都没有写完。它 的内容是一群来自社会各个阶层的香客要 去坎特伯雷（英国基督教中心）朝圣，一 路上每个人讲一个故事，现存共24个故事。
8/6/2013
长春大学光华学院
陈春田
8/6/2013
长春大学光华学院
陈春田
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer’s work has often been regarded as the effective starting point of English literature. (Longman Companion to English Literature 1977)
8/6/2013
长春大学光华学院
陈春田
Modern English
• Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, completed in roughly 1550.
8/6/2013 长春大学光华学院 陈春田
• Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, 1836,《公爵夫人之书》； the House of Fame,1374—1384《声誉之堂》；the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, 1380—1385，《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》 he is best loved today for The Canterbury Tales， 1386—1400, 《坎特伯雷故事》 . Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.
中古英语时期：Geoffrey_Chaucer_(杰弗里。乔叟)
无忧PPT整理发布
3. The third or the English period, his best period (1387-1400) The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 His masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages.
无忧PPT整理发布
III. The Canterbury Tales
1. It has 24 stories. 2.It is the description of the pilgrims（ 朝圣者 ）who tell stories. 3. It is about the life of ordinary people. 4. It gives vivid characters, with humor and satire（讽刺）.
无忧PPT整理发布
8. The significance of The Canterbury Tales 1).It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The gentle class--- the burgher（市民）---- the professionals 2). The dramatic structure of the poem: the stories are well woven by “links”. 3). Chaucer’s humor----- characteristics feature of English literature ---- gentle satire and mild irony.
Heroic Couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体) Iambic Pentameter: is the most common English meter, in which each foot contains an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格 )
3. The third or the English period, his best period (1387-1400) The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 His masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages.
无忧PPT整理发布
III. The Canterbury Tales
1. It has 24 stories. 2.It is the description of the pilgrims（ 朝圣者 ）who tell stories. 3. It is about the life of ordinary people. 4. It gives vivid characters, with humor and satire（讽刺）.
无忧PPT整理发布
8. The significance of The Canterbury Tales 1).It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The gentle class--- the burgher（市民）---- the professionals 2). The dramatic structure of the poem: the stories are well woven by “links”. 3). Chaucer’s humor----- characteristics feature of English literature ---- gentle satire and mild irony.
Heroic Couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体) Iambic Pentameter: is the most common English meter, in which each foot contains an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格 )
杰弗里·乔叟 英语介绍
❖ 《坎特伯雷故事集》的大部分是以韵诗形式 写成的。
❖ The tales are told as part of a storytelling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. In a long list of works, including "Troilus and Criseyde", "House of Fame", "Parliament of Fowls", the Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's magnum opus, and a towering achievement of Western culture. By casting a bumbling, credulous version of himself as tour guide, Chaucer created literature's first unreliable narrator. Structurally, the poem bears the influence of The Decameron, which Chaucer is said to have come across during his first diplomatic mission to Italy in 1372. However, Chaucer peoples his tales with 'sondry folk' rather than Boccaccio's fleeing nobles.
❖ The tales are told as part of a storytelling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. In a long list of works, including "Troilus and Criseyde", "House of Fame", "Parliament of Fowls", the Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's magnum opus, and a towering achievement of Western culture. By casting a bumbling, credulous version of himself as tour guide, Chaucer created literature's first unreliable narrator. Structurally, the poem bears the influence of The Decameron, which Chaucer is said to have come across during his first diplomatic mission to Italy in 1372. However, Chaucer peoples his tales with 'sondry folk' rather than Boccaccio's fleeing nobles.
Middle English Period and Chaucer (7-8 period) 中世纪··乔叟
Background 3/4
3. rapid development in commerce and trade
① the burghers class began to play an important role in politics; ② distinction between the rich and the poor became marked;
The black death
In 1348 the first and most harmful epidemic of the Black Death swept Europe, wiping out a quarter to one third of the population. The results of this calamity were high prices, a scarcity of labour and a sudden expansion of the possibility of social mobility that caused considerable discontents.
Themes of romance
the matter of Britain— king Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (Arthurian romances)
the matter of France— Charlemagne and his knights the matter of Rome— from the Trojan War to Alexander the Great
the Middle English or Anglo-Norman period
英国文学第一课第二讲坎特伯雷故事乔叟
Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of English as a literary language and extended the range of its poetic vocabulary and meters. He is considered as a great master of the English language.
3. In 1359–60 he was with the army of Edward III in France, where he was captured by the French but ransomed.
4. By 1366 he had married Philippa Roet, who was a lady-in-waiting to Edward III's queen.
The Tales Include:
The General Prologue The Knight's Tale The Miller's Prologue and Tale The Reeve's Prologue and Tale The Cook's Prologue and Tale The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale The Friar's Prologue and Tale The Summoner's Prologue and Tale The Clerk's Prologue and Tale The Merchant's Prologue and Tale The Squire's Prologue and Tale
3. In 1359–60 he was with the army of Edward III in France, where he was captured by the French but ransomed.
4. By 1366 he had married Philippa Roet, who was a lady-in-waiting to Edward III's queen.
The Tales Include:
The General Prologue The Knight's Tale The Miller's Prologue and Tale The Reeve's Prologue and Tale The Cook's Prologue and Tale The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale The Friar's Prologue and Tale The Summoner's Prologue and Tale The Clerk's Prologue and Tale The Merchant's Prologue and Tale The Squire's Prologue and Tale
乔叟的介绍Geoffrey-ChaucerPPT演示课件
• Apparently sensing that he had peaked, Chaucer stopped writing at his death.
12
•Born in 1343, not long after 100 Years’ war began
•Middle class family (father – merchant)
4. Who is the first person that the narrator begins his introduction?
5. Why does the narrator think of this man as “a most distinguished man”?
3
Geoffrey Chaucer
17
Literature
•1st poem, The Book of the Duchess, about John of Gaunt’s wife who had died of the plague. •1387 – began The Canterbury Tales – never completed it. •Considered one of the greatest works of the English Language. •Left a great picture of life during the Middle Ages. •Favorite rhyme scheme is the couplet.
• John of Gaunt (the duke of Lancaster) died in 1399, the year before Chaucer died
10
Geoffrey Chaucer
12
•Born in 1343, not long after 100 Years’ war began
•Middle class family (father – merchant)
4. Who is the first person that the narrator begins his introduction?
5. Why does the narrator think of this man as “a most distinguished man”?
3
Geoffrey Chaucer
17
Literature
•1st poem, The Book of the Duchess, about John of Gaunt’s wife who had died of the plague. •1387 – began The Canterbury Tales – never completed it. •Considered one of the greatest works of the English Language. •Left a great picture of life during the Middle Ages. •Favorite rhyme scheme is the couplet.
• John of Gaunt (the duke of Lancaster) died in 1399, the year before Chaucer died
10
Geoffrey Chaucer
《英国文学选读》课件
和世界的思考。
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以培 养个人的审美观念、批判思维和
创造力，提升个人综合素质。
英国文学作品中所描绘的人物形 象和故事情节，有助于引导个人 树立正确的价值观、人生观和世
界观。
对社会观念的反思
英国文学作品反映了社会历史的变迁 和人类文明的进步，促使人们对社会 问题进行深入反思。
英国文学作品中对社会问题的揭示和 批判，有助于激发人们对社会正义和 进步的思考，推动社会变革和进步。
，关注其思想内涵和人文精 神，了解当时的社会变革和
文化思潮。
总结词
注重作品的文学技巧和创新
详细描述
探讨中期文学作品所运用的文学技巧和创 新，如何推动文学的发展，以及在文学史 上的贡献。
总结词
关注作品的情感表达和审美追求
详细描述
分析中期文学作品中的情感表达和审美追 求，如何通过情感和审美来表达作品的主 题和思想。
英国文学的价值
英国文学不仅是文化遗产，也是人类智慧的结晶。它提供了对人性、社会和人 类命运的深刻洞察，启发了人们对生活、道德和人性的思考。英国文学作品还 具有很高的审美价值，为读者提供了丰富的阅读体验。
分析当前英国文学的发展趋势
多元化与包容性
当前英国文学的一个显著趋势是 多元化和包容性。越来越多的作 家来自不同背景，关注各种社会 议题，使英国文学更加丰富多彩
03
社会责任与担当
面对当今世界的挑战，未来的英国文学将更加注重社会责任和担当。作
家们将通过他们的作品关注环境保护、社会公正和人权等议题，发挥文
学在社会问题上的舆论引导和思考启迪的作用。
THANKS
感谢观看
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以了解不 同社会背景和文化传统下人们的思想 观念和行为方式，促进跨文化交流和 理解。
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以培 养个人的审美观念、批判思维和
创造力，提升个人综合素质。
英国文学作品中所描绘的人物形 象和故事情节，有助于引导个人 树立正确的价值观、人生观和世
界观。
对社会观念的反思
英国文学作品反映了社会历史的变迁 和人类文明的进步，促使人们对社会 问题进行深入反思。
英国文学作品中对社会问题的揭示和 批判，有助于激发人们对社会正义和 进步的思考，推动社会变革和进步。
，关注其思想内涵和人文精 神，了解当时的社会变革和
文化思潮。
总结词
注重作品的文学技巧和创新
详细描述
探讨中期文学作品所运用的文学技巧和创 新，如何推动文学的发展，以及在文学史 上的贡献。
总结词
关注作品的情感表达和审美追求
详细描述
分析中期文学作品中的情感表达和审美追 求，如何通过情感和审美来表达作品的主 题和思想。
英国文学的价值
英国文学不仅是文化遗产，也是人类智慧的结晶。它提供了对人性、社会和人 类命运的深刻洞察，启发了人们对生活、道德和人性的思考。英国文学作品还 具有很高的审美价值，为读者提供了丰富的阅读体验。
分析当前英国文学的发展趋势
多元化与包容性
当前英国文学的一个显著趋势是 多元化和包容性。越来越多的作 家来自不同背景，关注各种社会 议题，使英国文学更加丰富多彩
03
社会责任与担当
面对当今世界的挑战，未来的英国文学将更加注重社会责任和担当。作
家们将通过他们的作品关注环境保护、社会公正和人权等议题，发挥文
学在社会问题上的舆论引导和思考启迪的作用。
THANKS
感谢观看
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以了解不 同社会背景和文化传统下人们的思想 观念和行为方式，促进跨文化交流和 理解。
UK Literature英国文学史PPT资料
Samuel Taylor
→Drama
Famous women novelists
Charles Dickens Daniel Defoe The Postmodern Period
➢ The Canterbury
Tales (1387-1400) He is considered the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century.
➢Emily ——Wuthering Heights
➢Anne
➢ George Eliot
——her profound thinking and complex representation of life won her the name “philosophical writer”.
➢ Thomas Hardy
➢Gulliver’s Travels
《格列弗游记》
Daniel Defoe
➢ He was a famous pamphleteer, journalist and novelist.
➢ He wrote many books and was viewed as one of the progenitors of the novel in the English language.
➢ An Eassay on Criticism
➢ The Rape of the Lock
➢ Iliad &Odyssey
➢ Oxford Dictionary of Quotations
Jonathan Swift
➢ He is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language.
The-Age-of-Chaucer英国文学史-乔叟时代PPT课件
us a glimpse of English society at the time
.
7
Geoffrey Chaucer and
The Canterbury Tales (cont.)
He went against tradition—should have written in French BUT he wrote them in Middle English
Professional Class
Military
Religious
Secular
Nun, 3 Priests, Friar, Parson,
Knight, Squire, Yeoman
Pardoner, Summoner
Cleric, Serjeant at Law, Merchant,
Skipper, Doctor
– What is Chaucer criticizing?
.
23
THE MILLER Example
Physical Characteristics, Clothing, and Accessories
Chap of sixteen stone (561) Big in brawn and bone (562) Broad, knotty and short-shouldered (565) Broad, red beard (568-569) Wart with red, bristly hair growing on his nose (571-
.
1
The Age of (1350-1400)
.
2
Historical background
The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was the first national war waged by England.
.
7
Geoffrey Chaucer and
The Canterbury Tales (cont.)
He went against tradition—should have written in French BUT he wrote them in Middle English
Professional Class
Military
Religious
Secular
Nun, 3 Priests, Friar, Parson,
Knight, Squire, Yeoman
Pardoner, Summoner
Cleric, Serjeant at Law, Merchant,
Skipper, Doctor
– What is Chaucer criticizing?
.
23
THE MILLER Example
Physical Characteristics, Clothing, and Accessories
Chap of sixteen stone (561) Big in brawn and bone (562) Broad, knotty and short-shouldered (565) Broad, red beard (568-569) Wart with red, bristly hair growing on his nose (571-
.
1
The Age of (1350-1400)
.
2
Historical background
The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was the first national war waged by England.
英美文学PPT chaucer
Chaucer’s Life
• Born to a middle class family. • His father was a wine merchant who believed his child should have a formal education. • He became a page to an important family and was so respected that when he was captured as a soldier during the Hundred Year’s war, a king paid his ransom. • He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.
The prologue provides a framework for the tales. It contains a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures. It provides a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.
30 pilgrims in Tabard Inn in spring Two stories each on the way out and two on the way back, but only 24 tales finished (including 4 fragmentary incomplete tales) 30 pilgrims, would be 120 stories. But Chaucer had actually completed only 22 stories, with two more existing in fragments.
英国文学史—乔叟
③成熟时期Maturation period （1386～1400）：乔叟在 这最后15年里从事《坎特伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales）的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶 峰。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用， 被誉为“英国诗歌之父”
❖ Chaucer's time is during the reforming process of Britain from the feudal society to the capitalist society, his life and his poetry reflect constantly changing of that time. As soon as Chaucer changes the tradition of the style in the poetic composition to praise the gods and crowned head, looks boldly at the judgment to society's each social stratum, sharp does not lose the graceful writing in him, the 14th century Britain society hundred condition presently, specially emerging residential social class that kind of spry image and the aspiration appears gloriously on the paper, thus created appeals to both cultured and popular tastes, the human nature literary figure, Chaucer also became the fashionable pioneer who eagerly anticipated the Renaissance literary arena,
❖ Chaucer's time is during the reforming process of Britain from the feudal society to the capitalist society, his life and his poetry reflect constantly changing of that time. As soon as Chaucer changes the tradition of the style in the poetic composition to praise the gods and crowned head, looks boldly at the judgment to society's each social stratum, sharp does not lose the graceful writing in him, the 14th century Britain society hundred condition presently, specially emerging residential social class that kind of spry image and the aspiration appears gloriously on the paper, thus created appeals to both cultured and popular tastes, the human nature literary figure, Chaucer also became the fashionable pioneer who eagerly anticipated the Renaissance literary arena,
乔叟 英国诗歌之父
The Merchant's Tale
A MARCHANT was ther with a forked berd,In mottelee, and hye on horse he sat;Upon his heed a Flaundryssh bever hat,His bootes clasped faire and fetisly.
The Miller's Tale
A swerd and bokeler bar he by his syde. A whit cote and a blew hood wered he. A bagpipe wel koude he blow and sowne, And therwithal he brought us out of towne.
4. Artistic features
heroic couplet: a pair of rhymed iambic pentameter lines musical, elegant, satirical and humorous
IV. His contributions
1. Introduced from France= Italy the rhymed stanzas of different forms: heroic couplets rhymed royal (7-line stanza in iambic pentameter, rhyming ababbcc) terza rima: 3-line stanza, rhyming a b a, b c b, c d c, etc.
The Wife of Bath's Prologue
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• 3. theme--• To praise the fairness and honesty. Different people has their own duty. To criticize the luxury and rottenness. • To support the equality and the honest work.
• (2). 1372-1386. he wrote under the influence of Italian literature. “Troilus and Criseyde”---sing for the love and the individual happiness; oppose the feudal formality and asceticism of the day. • The beginning of the humanism.
• 可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就先把骑士说说。
•
骑士的人品出众而且高尚， 自从军以来就驰骋于疆场， 待人彬彬有礼，大度而豪爽， 珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚。 为君主效命创辉煌战绩， 所到国家之远无人能比， 转战于基督和异教之邦， 因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰。 他攻打过亚历山大利亚； 在普鲁士庆功宴上有他， 这位佼佼者多次坐首席； 从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯， 同级的骑士都大为逊色； 攻克阿给西勒有他一个， 还出征到过柏尔玛利亚； 夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚； 他还多次游弋于地中海， 跟随登陆大军将敌战败。 十五次比武他大显身手， 为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗； 在战场上三次杀死敌将， 高贵的武士美名传四方
• 他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君， 讨伐另一支土耳其异教军； 没有一次不赢得最高荣誉， 他骁勇善战，聪慧而不痴愚。 他温柔顺从像个大姑娘， 一生无论是在什么地方， 对谁也没有讲过半个脏字： 堪称一个完美的真骑士。 他有一批俊美的千里马， 但是他的衣着朴实无华； 开价的底下是结识的布衣， 上上下下到处是斑斑污迹。 他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来， 片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜。
那是个初夏方临的日子， 我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息； 怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心， 我准备翌日出发去朝圣。 黄昏前后华灯初上时分， 旅店院里涌入很多客人； 二十九人来自各行各业， 不期而遇都到旅店过夜。 这些香客人人虔心诚意， 次日要骑马去坎特伯雷。 客房与马厩宽敞又洁净， 店主的招待周到而殷勤。 夕阳刚从地平线上消失， 众人同我已经相互结识； 大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床， 迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上。
• (4). The skill---it contains practically all the major types of medieval literature--romances of Knights and ladies, folk tales, moral and merry; Fable etc. some are exalted or full of fun, others plain and tiresome,（平淡无味） still others coarse and vulgar.(粗陋俚俗）he raised the language to a higher literary level by writing in it with polish and ease.(文笔精练 优美，流畅自然)
Topic II. The Age of Chaucer
• I. Social Background---a transitional period. • 2. the awakening of national consciousness in England.
II. John Wycliff(1324?-1384) • Two Contributions ---the father of English Prose. • translated the Bible into standard English ( to reform the church )
• C. the main characters • The Wife of Bath; the Pardoner; the Nun’s Priest; • D. significance of it-it gives a comprehensive picture of his time; • The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics; • His humour (gentle satire and mild irony.).
• Chaucer’s achievement: • 1. He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales. • 2. He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers. • 3. He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions. • 4. He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.
• (3).1387-1400. his own creative period. • “The Canterbury Tales”---the first complete realistic poem of the medieval period. • A. the contents---858 lines of the “Prologue”and 24 tales.
• What does the character the wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales represent? And how does the author develop his characterization? • Why he is called “the father of English poetry”? •
• Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations. Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it. In The Romaunt of the Rose, he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet. In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet. And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature. His art made him one of the greatest poets in English, John Dryden called him “the father of English poetry”.
• 4. Major Characters • Lady Meed---the bribery • Seven Sins.
IV. Geoffrey Chaucer (ca.1340-1400) • 1. life story---patron. “Poet’s Corner” in Westminster Abbey. • 2. literary Career--- three periods • (1). 1360-1372, he wrote under the influence of French literature. “The Book of Duchess”.
III. William Langland (1330?-1400?)
• 1. The Vision of Piers Plowman--alliterative poem. Two parts of it. • 2. allegory---a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching. It has a double meaning. (surface and underlying meaning)
• B. the theme--- he presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in it.