结构1：名词、代词、限定词、主谓一致

高考高中英语语法：“主谓一致”考点一遍过在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。

近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。

主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。

预计2022年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。

1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。

01高考主谓一致的知识结构一致原则考点详解例句语法一致1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2. 由连接词and或both ……and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。

Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。

英语主谓一致高一知识点在学习英语的过程中，主谓一致是一个非常重要的语法知识点。

它指的是主语与谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。

虽然对于母语为中文的学生来说，可能会有一些难度，但只要掌握了一些基本规则和注意事项，就能够正确地运用主谓一致。

首先，我们需要了解主语与谓语在人称和数方面的一致。

通常，第一人称单数主语与谓语动词保持一致，即使用单数谓语动词。

例如，“I am a student.”（我是一名学生。

）其中，“I”是第一人称单数主语，而“am”是与之一致的谓语动词。

第二，当主语为第一人称复数（we）、第二人称单数（you）或第二人称复数（you）时，谓语动词也使用原型形式。

例如，“We are students.”（我们是学生。

）其中，“We”为第一人称复数主语，“are”是与之一致的谓语动词。

第三，当主语为第三人称单数（he、she、it）时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。

例如，“She is a teacher.”（她是一名老师。

）这里的“She”为第三人称单数主语，“is”是与之一致的谓语动词。

第四，对于主语为第三人称复数（they）的情况，谓语动词使用原型形式。

例如，“They are students.”（他们是学生。

）其中，“They”为第三人称复数主语，“are”是与之一致的谓语动词。

除了上述的基本规则外，还有一些需要注意的特殊情况。

首先，当主语包含两个或更多个名词时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些名词的类型。

如果主语中的名词是逐个列举的，并用连词“and”连接，那么谓语动词使用复数形式。

例如，“Lily and Tom are friends.”（莉莉和汤姆是朋友。

）但是，如果主语中的名词以“each”、“every”、“either”、“neither”等表示单数的副词或代词修饰，并用连词“or”连接，则谓语动词使用单数形式。

例如，“Every boyor girl is welcome to join us.”（每一个男孩或女孩都欢迎加入我们。

主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由 either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1）学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics政治学新闻; news体操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子 compasses 圆规glasses眼镜 gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子scissors剪子 shoes鞋子shorts短裤 socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词（a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产 clothes衣服 plasticsearnings收入 goods货物leavings剩余 savings储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind 表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物.2）people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in China3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army， assembly议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群 jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5）hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6）fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of asort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. Machines of this kind are made in Wuhan欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

主谓一致主谓一致即句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。

大致有三个基本原则：1．语法一致原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语如是复数形式，谓语动词则相应的为复数形式。

2．意义一致原则，即主语、谓语不参照主语的语法形式，而是取决与主语所表述的实际意义为单数还是复数。

3．就近原则，即谓语动词和它最相邻的名词、代词或其它词在人称或数上保持一致。

专四考点：1．语法一致✧当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时，位于动词与前面的主语一致。

如：Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party. 汤姆和他的两个同学被邀请去参加聚会。

The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. 该大学的校长准备和院长们一起开会制定校规。

✧如果主语是由“a committee of, a panel of, a/the board of + 复数名词”构成，谓语动词通常用单数。

如：A panel of scientific advisers to the agency is expected to make a formalrecommendation on Monday. 药监局的科学顾问小组将在周一提出正式建议。

The board of manager is responsible for the firm. 经理委员会对公司负责。

2．意义一致✧代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every,谓语需用单数。

英语句子的主谓一致（使用作文的格式）英语句子的主谓一致英语语法中，主语和谓语动词之间需要保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。

主谓一致是英语句子的基本要求之一，它使得句子更加清晰、易于理解。

本文将探讨英语句子的主谓一致规则，并提供一些实用的示例来帮助读者更好地理解和运用主谓一致规则。

一、主谓一致的基本规则在英语句子中，主语和谓语动词在人称和数上需要保持一致。

具体而言，如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要使用单数形式；如果主语是第三人称复数或任何其他人称，谓语动词要使用复数形式。

下面是一些主谓一致的基本规则：1. 单数主语 + 单数谓语动词：He walks to school every day.（他每天步行去上学。

）2. 复数主语 + 复数谓语动词：They love playing basketball.（他们喜欢打篮球。

）3. 第三人称单数主语 + 单数谓语动词：She sings beautifully.（她唱得很好听。

）4. 非第三人称单数主语 + 复数谓语动词：I like reading books.（我喜欢阅读书籍。

）二、特殊情况下的主谓一致除了上述基本规则外，还存在一些特殊情况下的主谓一致规则需要注意。

以下是一些常见的特殊情况及其规则：1. 过去式动词当谓语动词是过去式时，无论主语是单数还是复数，谓语动词都要使用单数形式。

例如：The dog barked all night.（那只狗整晚都在叫。

）The children played in the park yesterday.（孩子们昨天在公园里玩。

）2. 不可数名词不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。

例如：Music is my passion.（音乐是我的激情。

）3. 关系代词当关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词一致。

例如：The house that John built is beautiful.（约翰建造的房子很漂亮。

名词、代词及主谓一致主谓一致通常遵循三条原则，即语法一致，意义一致和就近一致原则。

1．语法一致原则即按主语的语法形式（单复数）确定谓语的形式。

1）单数主语后面跟由with，along with，together with，except引导的介词词组时，谓语用单数形式。

例如：The actress, along with her manager and somefriends, is going to a party tonight.2）在either，neither，one，each，every+n.，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，someone，somebody，many a，more than one，one of等后面动词应用单数。

例如：One of my friends has a fine collection of stamps ofevery kind and design.If either of you takes a vocation now, we’ll not beable to finish the work.注意在“one of those who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用复数。

而在“the only one ofthose who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用单数，例如：One of the patients that were operated on has aninfection.She is the only one of those girls who likes football inour class.2. 意义一致原则即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。

1）集合名词表一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。

常见的有：committee, team, club, crowd, family, group, board, firm, jury, troop, government, army, class, staff, party, union, organization, audience 等。

高中英语语法：高中英语主谓一致详解在高中英语语法中，主谓一致是一个重要且常考的知识点。

理解和掌握主谓一致的规则对于正确表达句子意思、提高英语语言运用能力至关重要。

接下来，让我们详细探讨一下高中英语主谓一致的相关内容。

主谓一致，简单来说，就是句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

这看似简单，但在实际运用中却有许多需要注意的地方。

首先，我们来看语法一致原则。

当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也要用单数形式；当主语是复数形式时，谓语动词则要用复数形式。

例如，“The book is interesting”（这本书很有趣。

）这里主语“the book”是单数，所以谓语动词“is”也是单数。

再比如，“The books are on the shelf”（这些书在架子上。

）“books”是复数，谓语动词“are”也是复数。

但是，有些情况会稍微复杂一些。

比如，当主语是由“and”连接的两个或多个名词时，通常谓语动词用复数形式。

但如果这几个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如，“The singer and dancer is coming”（这位歌手兼舞者要来了。

）这里“singer and dancer”指的是同一个人，所以谓语动词用单数“is”。

而“The singer and the dancer are good friends”（这位歌手和这位舞者是好朋友。

）这里“singer”和“dancer”指的是两个人，谓语动词就用复数“are”。

其次，意义一致原则也是主谓一致中的重要部分。

有时候，主语的形式是单数，但意义上却是复数；或者主语形式是复数，意义上却是单数。

这时候，谓语动词的形式就要根据主语的实际意义来决定。

例如，“The family is a big one”（这个家庭是个大家庭。

）这里“family”指的是整个家庭这个整体，是单数概念，所以谓语动词用“is”。

而“His family are all waiting for him”（他的家人都在等他。

贵阳菲斯特外语学校专用教材节选之一地址：贵阳云岩区下合群路达亨大厦13楼电话：6572167 6576031第五章主谓一致主谓一致即谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语一致。

在判断一个句子主语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法是否一致、意义是否一致以及临近的词语在语法关系、搭配关系、语意组合等方面是否一致。

一、名词作主语与谓语的一致考查考点1. 集合名词public, family, team等作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如表示成员则用复数。

例：My family lives in Shanghai.我家住在上海。

My family are all fond of the program.我的家人都喜欢这个节目。

常见的这部分名词有：army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, couple, family, group, government, jury, party, personnel, staff, team, union, public等。

注：有的集合名词如folk, people, police, cattle等作主语时，表达复数概念。

例: The people in the city are friendly.那个城市的人非常友好。

The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。

考点2. 单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据意义来决定谓语的形式。

常见的这部分名词有：aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters等。

例：The species of fish are numerous.鱼的种类繁多。

This species of rose is very rare.这种玫瑰花很稀罕。

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。

下面让我们看看不同类型的主谓一致。

1. 名词做主语(1)单复数主谓一致A) 一般词汇：有些词汇的复数形式是固定不变的，如：crossroads (十字路口;聚焦点), headquarters (总部), means (方法，手段), species (种类，品种), ser ie s (系列)等，但其动词的单复数取决于两点：a) 取决于限定词：例：Every means has been tr ie d but without much result.(各种方法都试过，可没有多大效果。

)b) 取决于上下文内容、作者所要表达的意思、特指还是泛指：例：Are/ Is there any other means of solving the problem?(还有什么其它解题的方法吗?注意：这里可以用are表示其它方法，也可以用is表示和现在所用的方法相对比的另一种方法。

)My favorite book is The Old Man and the Sea.(我喜爱的书是《老人与海》。

注意：本句是特指。

)Our TV ser ie s are much better than those of Japan.(我国的电视剧比日本的好得多。

注意：本句是泛指。

)c) 从句做主语How to develop a healthy habit is a good question to discuss.d) 学科名词一般用单数谓语动词。

这样的词有：economics(经济学), electronics(电子学), mathematics(数学), politics(政治学)等等。

例：Politics is a good topic for discussion.(政治是谈论的好题目。

)e)有些表示成双成对的词，常常只用复数形式，动词一律用复数，也不能用不定冠词。

第一讲主谓一致“一致”（Concord 或Agreement）是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。

主要有主语与动词的一致，主语与补语的一致，限定词与名词中心词的一致，人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致，名词与名词或代词的一致。

“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系，这又叫做“主——动一致”（Subject ——verb Concord）。

1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组)，即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord)，意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。

1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词，动词就用单数形式。

例如：Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。

有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词就用复数；主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词用单数。

例如：The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式，而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。