建筑材料外文翻译及译文

Building materials

Building materials must have certain structural use.it physical properties. First,

they must be able to bear load or weight without permanent deformation. When the

load on the structural components, components will deformation, it means rope will

be stretching or beam will bend. However, when the load is removed, ropes and

beams will return to its original position. This kind of material properties is called

elasticity. If material is not elastic, then on removing load deformation exist, repeat

the loading and unloading eventually increase deformation to structural lose action.

All used in building structure in the materials such as stone, brick, wood, aluminum,

reinforced concrete and plastic within a certain range of load performance of

flexibility. If loading beyond the scope, two things will happen: brittle and plastic. If

it is the former, the material will suddenly destruction; If the latter, in certain load

(yield strength) material has begun to yield flow, resulting in destruction. For example,

steel, stone material is brittle present plastic. Materials by the damage occurred when

the ultimate strength of stress decision.

Construction materials and an important characteristic is its stiffness. This

feature by elastic modulus decision. Stress (per unit of area, the force) and the strain

(per unit length ratio of the deformation) is elastic modulus. Elastic modulus is

characterize material under load shape-shifting abilities. For two have the same area

and load of the same material. Elastic modulus big materials little deformation.

Structure with steel of elastic modulus is pounds per square inch or kg per square

centimeter, aluminum, concrete 3 times of ten times, wood 15 times.

Masonry. Masonry from natural materials such as stone and artificial materials

such as brick, concrete blocks composed. Masonry in ancient times is used. Bricks

used in city of Babylon not religious buildings, stone material used in large temples of

the Nile valley. The pyramids of Egypt, high 481 feet (147m), is the most spectacular

masonry structure. Masonry unit initial without using any binding materials piled up,

and modern masonry structure as binder materials. Water mud Modern structure

material including stone, red-roast clay brick or tiles, the concrete blocks.

Masonry is essentially a pressurized material, it can't sustain tension, ultimate

strength concrete-block masonry depends on and mud. Last strength in 1000 to 4,000

pounds per inch (70 to 280 kg per square centimeter) range change, depends on the

block and mud bonding situation.

Wood. Wood is a kind of the earliest building materials and is a kind of rare

tensile performance good natural material. The world find hundreds of wood, and

each have different physical properties. Only some use in architectural structures as

framework components. In the United States, for example, in over 600 kinds of

lumber, only 20 used in structure. These are generally conifers or cork, both because

rich and wood easy molding. In the United States, more common in the structure of

lumber sort is the loose, spruce and annatto. These timber tensile strength in 50 to 80

pounds per square inch (350 to 5.6 kg per square meter) range. Hardwood initially

used as fine wood furniture and interior decoration such as floor.

Due to the wood texture characteristics, it along the intensity of transverse

texture texture is greater than the intensity. Wood tensile strength,

trans-monounsaturated grain compressive strength is particularly big, and it has a lot

of flexural strength. These characteristics make it very suitable for structure of the

column and beam. Wood, as truss tensile component is invalid, because the truss

structures tensile strength depends on component between node, although has

produced many USES lumber tensile strength of metal fittings, but it is difficult to

design the arrange grain direction of shear strength or tensile strength little relation of

components.

Steel. Steel is an important structural materials. When compared to the other

materials by such as weight, it has high intensity, even if it volumetric weight is

lumber ten times. Its elastic modulus is very big, the results under load deformation is

small. It can be rolled into many structural forms such as work fonts beam, plate. It

can also cast complex style, it also can produce into ropes type used in cable

suspension bridge and condole top, production into elevator rope and prestressed

concrete in the rods. Steel components are many ways of link together like bolt

connection, riveting and welding. Carbon steels are vulnerable to oxidation corrosion